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Krupińska AM, Bogucki Z. Lactoferrin as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:308-313. [PMID: 38777122 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of prostheses in the oral cavity creates favorable conditions for Candida colonization, which may subsequently lead to Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS). Due to its many contributing factors and frequent relapses, CADS is difficult to manage. Given the rise in drug resistance among fungal species, it is critical to develop new therapeutic approaches, reduce the required dosage of medications, and minimize the toxicity and side effects of therapy. HIGHLIGHT Salivary lactoferrin, a multifunctional glycoprotein, is thought to be the first line of defense against microbial invasion of mucosal surfaces. CONCLUSION Current research emphasizes the capability of lactoferrin and its derivatives to eliminate a broad spectrum of Candida species. It may be an appealing option for use in monotherapy or in combination with common medications for oral stomatitis treatment. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of lactoferrin's anti-fungal effects in oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zdzisław Bogucki
- Department and Division of Dental Prosthetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wyb. Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland
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Perić M, Miličić B, Kuzmanović Pfićer J, Živković R, Arsić Arsenijević V. A Systematic Review of Denture Stomatitis: Predisposing Factors, Clinical Features, Etiology, and Global Candida spp. Distribution. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:328. [PMID: 38786683 PMCID: PMC11122031 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Denture stomatitis (DS) is a very common disease in wearers of removable complete and partial dentures with a worldwide prevalence in the range of 20-67%. Both industrially developed and impoverished nations are affected by the illness. DS is often associated with ill-fitting dentures or a fungal infection with Candida spp. Candida is normally found in the oral cavity microbiota, but it can be harmful to the health of elderly people with underlying diseases. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to offer the most recent information about the epidemiology, etiology, and global distribution of Candida species associated with DS through a systematic review. Several databases, including Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus, were used to conduct an extensive search of the literature published in the previous 20 years. The selection of studies was performed by two authors. The extracted data were as follows: author, year of publication, country, sample, frequency of DS, method of diagnosing stomatitis, species of Candida, risk factors, and etiology of the disease. The JBI Critical appraisal tools were used to assess the quality of the studies. Eventually, twenty-eight studies were included in the systematic review. Twenty-one studies investigated DS, while seven studies examined Candida colonization in patients using removable dentures. The results show that the main causes of DS include the type of dentures, continuous wearing of dentures, and the formation of a Candida biofilm, which is facilitated by poor dental hygiene. Additionally, previous studies have pinpointed the significance of the salivary flow, saliva composition, and salivary pH. The findings of the current review indicate that it is crucial to monitor denture wearers for the appearance of DS, especially the patients whose immunity has been impaired due to a systemic condition. Finally, frequent follow-ups should include a clinical examination and microbial swabs of the palatal mucosa and the mucosal surface of the denture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Perić
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Rankeova 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (R.Ž.)
| | - Biljana Miličić
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.M.); (J.K.P.)
| | - Jovana Kuzmanović Pfićer
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.M.); (J.K.P.)
| | - Rade Živković
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Rankeova 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (R.Ž.)
| | - Valentina Arsić Arsenijević
- Medical Mycology Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Singh HP, Bansal P, Sh T. Denture Stomatitis and Candida albicans in the Indian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e45182. [PMID: 37842362 PMCID: PMC10575763 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture stomatitis (DS), a common oral condition among denture wearers, is frequently associated with Candida albicans (C. albicans) colonization. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of DS prevalence and its relationship with C. albicans in the Indian population. We conducted a thorough search of multiple databases for studies without any limitation to the publication timeframe, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies were assessed for quality and included in the meta-analysis. Data regarding DS prevalence, risk factors, and C. albicans colonization were extracted and analyzed. A total of four studies comprising 415 participants were included in the review. The overall odds ratio (OR) and risk ratio (RR) for the prevalence of C. albicans in DS patients were 0.75 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.99) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.00), respectively, indicating a statistically significant association between DS and C. albicans colonization. Several risk factors, including continuous denture wearing, advanced denture age, poor denture hygiene, and high sugar intake, were identified as contributing to DS development. This systematic review and meta-analysis highlight the substantial burden of DS and its association with C. albicans colonization in the Indian population. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive oral care, improved denture hygiene, dietary counseling, and interventions to enhance salivary flow in denture wearers to mitigate the risk of DS. These insights can inform healthcare providers and policymakers to develop targeted strategies for DS prevention and management in India. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the significance of oral health awareness and preventive strategies in groups with a high frequency of denture usage in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harkanwal Preet Singh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences (Baba Farid University of Health Sciences), Faridkot, IND
| | - Pardeep Bansal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences (Baba Farid University of Health Sciences), Faridkot, IND
| | - Thippeswamy Sh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences (Baba Farid University of Health Sciences), Faridkot, IND
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Sakima VT, Vega-Chacón Y, Cerri PS, Shokeen B, Lux R, Mima EGDO. A Denture Use Model Associated with Candida spp. in Immunocompetent Male and Female Rats. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:466. [PMID: 35628722 PMCID: PMC9147495 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture stomatitis (DS) is a common infection in denture wearers, especially women. This study evaluated the induction of DS using acrylic devices attached to the palate of rats combined with inoculation of Candida spp. Immunocompetent male and female rats received a carbohydrate-rich diet. Impressions were taken from the rats’ palate to individually fabricate acrylic devices. Mono- and multispecies biofilms of C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis were grown on the devices, which were then cemented on posterior teeth and kept in the rats’ palate for four weeks. Microbial samples from the palate and the device were quantified. Oral microbiome of rats inoculated with C. albicans was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Log10(CFU/mL) were analyzed by mixed or two-way MANOVA (α = 0.05). Candida spp. and acrylic device did not induce palatal inflammation macroscopically nor microscopically. Although there was an increase (p < 0.001) of the total microbiota and female rats demonstrated higher (p = 0.007) recovery of Candida spp. from the palate, the gender differences were not biologically relevant. The microbiome results indicate an increase in inflammatory microbiota and reduction in health-associated micro-organisms. Although Candida spp. and acrylic device did not induce DS in immunocompetent rats, the shift in microbiota may precede manifestation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Tatsuyuji Sakima
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil; (V.T.S.); (Y.V.-C.)
| | - Yuliana Vega-Chacón
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil; (V.T.S.); (Y.V.-C.)
| | - Paulo Sergio Cerri
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil;
| | - Bhumika Shokeen
- School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (B.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Renate Lux
- School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (B.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil; (V.T.S.); (Y.V.-C.)
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Kaypetch R, Rudrakanjana P, Churnjitapirom P, Tua-Ngam P, Tonput P, Tantivitayakul P. Geraniol and thymoquinone inhibit Candida spp. biofilm formation on acrylic denture resin without affecting surface roughness or color. J Oral Sci 2022; 64:161-166. [PMID: 35321964 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the in vitro effects of geraniol (GE) and thymoquinone (TQ) on Candida biofilms on denture acrylic and any accompanying changes in acrylic surface roughness or color. METHODS The susceptibility of Candida species to GE and TQ was determined using the broth microdilution method and time-kill assay. A minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay was performed using 7-day Candida biofilms grown on denture acrylic. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GE and TQ for Candida spp. was 256 and 32 µg/mL, respectively. The Candida strain complete kill rates for GE and TQ at 5-fold MIC were determined after 1 h of incubation. At 5-fold MIC, GE and TQ inhibited the preformed biofilm activity (MBEC80) of all Candida strains on denture acrylic by more than 80% after treatment for 3 h. At sub-MIC levels, GE and TQ prevented the development of C. albicans and C. tropicalis hyphae. SEM images demonstrated that GE and TQ damaged the fungal cell membrane and induced cell lysis. On the other hand, GE and TQ at 10-fold MIC did not alter the surface roughness or color of the denture acrylic. CONCLUSION GE and TQ are interesting natural substances that could be developed as promising disinfectants for removable dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pairin Tonput
- Research Office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University
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Manikandan S, Vinesh E, Selvi DT, Kannan RK, Jayakumar A, Dinakaran J. Prevalence of Candida among denture wearers and nondenture wearers. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2022; 14:S702-S705. [PMID: 36110628 PMCID: PMC9469301 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_781_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A denture wearer is highly prone to develop Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) due to the conversion of the normal oral commensal Candida spp. into a pathogen under favorable conditions. Immuno-compromised status, trauma from the prosthesis, other systemic conditions, and improper maintenance of the dentures by the patient are few of the causative agents which turn the oral balance into an unhealthy and unsuitable foundation for the wearing of the prosthesis. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare subjects wearing complete dentures and nondenture wearers regarding Candida isolates associated with disease and colonization among the different age groups. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 subjects, 30 wearing complete dentures (Group-A) and 30 nondentures wearers (Group-B), were matched for gender, race, and age. The unstimulated saliva sample was collected and cultured in CHROMagar using standard protocols. Results: The mean value of the candidal colony-forming units with respect to Group A is Candida Albicans 0.36 ± 2.008, Candida krusei 0.27 ± 1.061, P value Group B: C. albicans 0.73 ± 2.196, C. krusei 0.36 ± 1.084. There was a significant relation between denture wearers and heavy growth of C. albicans and C. krusei in saliva culture with a P value of P-0.054 and P-0.036, respectively. Conclusions: These results indicate that denture wearers with oral Candida had a higher prevalence of CADS. Patients with removable prostheses should be informed about the importance of proper prosthesis and personal hygiene since dentures and age-related immunosuppression are both well-known risk factors associated with candidiasis development, the presence of yeast, even in healthy denture wearers, should be considered a risk factor for denture stomatitis that increases with the duration of denture use.
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The Globular C1q Receptor Is Required for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling during Candida albicans Infection. mBio 2021; 12:e0271621. [PMID: 34724825 PMCID: PMC8561387 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02716-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During oropharyngeal candidiasis, Candida albicans activates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which induces oral epithelial cells to endocytose the fungus and synthesize proinflammatory mediators. To elucidate EGFR signaling pathways that are stimulated by C. albicans, we used proteomics to identify 1,214 proteins that were associated with EGFR in C. albicans-infected cells. Seven of these proteins were selected for additional study. Among these proteins, WW domain-binding protein 2, Toll-interacting protein, interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), and the globular C1q receptor (gC1qR) were found to associate with EGFR in viable oral epithelial cells. Each of these proteins was required for maximal endocytosis of C. albicans, and all regulated fungus-induced production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and/or IL-8, either positively or negatively. gC1qR was found to function as a key coreceptor with EGFR. Interacting with the C. albicans Als3 invasin, gC1qR was required for the fungus to induce autophosphorylation of both EGFR and the ephrin type A receptor 2. The combination of gC1qR and EGFR was necessary for maximal endocytosis of C. albicans and secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by human oral epithelial cells. In mouse oral epithelial cells, inhibition of gC1qR failed to block C. albicans-induced phosphorylation, and knockdown of IFITM3 did not inhibit C. albicans endocytosis, indicating that gC1qR and IFITM3 function differently in mouse versus human oral epithelial cells. Thus, this work provides an atlas of proteins that associate with EGFR and identifies several that play a central role in the response of human oral epithelial cells to C. albicans infection.
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Molkenthin F, Hertel M, Neumann K, Schmidt-Westhausen AM. Factors influencing the presence of Candida dubliniensis and other non-albicans species in patients with oral lichen planus: a retrospective observational study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:333-342. [PMID: 34142239 PMCID: PMC8791885 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The epidemiologic distribution of non-albicans species in the oral cavity of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients remains uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the presence of C. dubliniensis and other non-albicans species. Furthermore, independent risk factors for Candida superinfection in OLP should be identified. Material and methods Epidemiologic data and microbiological findings from 268 symptomatic OLP patients who underwent continuous oral swab culture over a 5-year period (2015–2019) were retrospectively reviewed. Candida species identification and semi-quantification were obtained by culture on CHROMagar Candida, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Results C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species (72.3%), followed by C. glabrata (7.3%), C. dubliniensis (5.8%), C. krusei and C. parapsilosis (both 2.6%). The presence of C. dubliniensis was significantly associated with tobacco smoking. Other non-albicans spp. were significantly more often detected in patients using removable dentures. Increasing age and the intake of psychotropic drugs were identified as independent risk factors of Candida superinfection in OLP. Conclusion In OLP patients, certain local and systemic factors increase the risk of carrying potentially drug-resistant Candida species and the development of Candida superinfection of OLP lesions. Clinical relevance Due to the frequent detection of non-albicans species in OLP, resistance or at least reduced sensitivity to azole antifungals should be expected, especially in smokers and patients using removable dentures. In the case of oral complaints, a superinfection with Candida should be considered, whereby older patients and patients taking psychotropic drugs have an increased risk for oral infection with Candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Molkenthin
- CharitéCentre 3, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Moritz Hertel
- CharitéCentre 3, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konrad Neumann
- Institute of Medical Biometrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Maria Schmidt-Westhausen
- CharitéCentre 3, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4, 14197, Berlin, Germany
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Masetti P, Sanitá PV, Jorge JH. Dynamics and metabolic profile of oral keratinocytes (NOK-si) and Candida albicans after interaction in co-culture. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:572-589. [PMID: 34210229 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1941908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between oral keratinocytes (NOK-si) and Candida albicans is fundamental for the development of prevention strategies and new therapies for oral candidiasis. This study evaluated the dynamics and metabolic profile of these cells growing in co-culture by means of cell metabolism, number of CFU ml-1, and production of enzymes, cytokines, and metabolites. The data were analyzed by ANOVAs and post hoc tests (α = 0.05). In co-cultures, there were significant decreases in the cell metabolism of NOK-si and C. albicans and increases in the CFU ml-1 values of C. albicans biofilm. There were also significant increases in the production of cytokines by NOK-si and proteinase by C. albicans biofilm after their interaction. The metabolic balance of the main metabolites, amino acids, and extracellular and intracellular metabolites was shifted in favor of the co-cultures, while aromatic alcohols were secreted in higher amounts by the biofilm of C. albicans. It was concluded that the interaction of cells in co-culture influenced their dynamics over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Masetti
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaina Habib Jorge
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Černáková L, Rodrigues CF. Microbial interactions and immunity response in oral Candida species. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1653-1677. [PMID: 33251818 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis are among the most common noncommunicable diseases, related with serious local and systemic illnesses. Although these infections can occur in all kinds of patients, they are more recurrent in immunosuppressed ones such as patients with HIV, hepatitis, cancer or under long antimicrobial treatments. Candida albicans continues to be the most frequently identified Candida spp. in these disorders, but other non-C. albicans Candida are rising. Understanding the immune responses involved in oral Candida spp. infections is a key feature to a successful treatment and to the design of novel therapies. In this review, we performed a literature search in PubMed and WoS, in order to examine and analyze common oral Candida spp.-bacteria/Candida-Candida interactions and the host immunity response in oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Černáková
- Department of Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- Department of Chemical Engineering, LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal
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Muhvić-Urek M, Saltović E, Braut A, Kovačević Pavičić D. Association between Vitamin D and Candida-Associated Denture Stomatitis. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8040121. [PMID: 33096916 PMCID: PMC7712357 DOI: 10.3390/dj8040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) is a fungal infection affecting 60–65% of denture wearers. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial and often associated with host immunodeficiency. Evidence exists that vitamin D has potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this case–control study was to assess the association between vitamin D levels and CADS. The study included 32 complete denture wearers with CADS and 32 sex- and age-matched complete denture wearers without CADS. The patients were clinically examined, and the severity of denture stomatitis was assessed according to Newton’s classification scale. The serum vitamin D level was determined via the use of an electrochemiluminescence assay. The vitamin D level in the CADS group and control group was 54.68 ± 17.07 and 56.82 ± 17.75 nmol/L, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.622). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of CADS was not associated with hypovitaminosis D (odds ratio (OR) = 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.37–5.54). It can be concluded that vitamin D is not associated with CADS and does not play a significant role in host susceptibility to CADS. This finding suggests that vitamin D screening is not indicated routinely in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Muhvić-Urek
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ema Saltović
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alen Braut
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Daniela Kovačević Pavičić
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Fidel PL, Yano J, Esher SK, Noverr MC. Applying the Host-Microbe Damage Response Framework to Candida Pathogenesis: Current and Prospective Strategies to Reduce Damage. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6010035. [PMID: 32168864 PMCID: PMC7151217 DOI: 10.3390/jof6010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease is a complex outcome that can occur as a result of pathogen-mediated damage, host-mediated damage or both. This has led to the revolutionary concept of the damage response framework (DRF) that defines microbial virulence as a function of host immunity. The DRF outlines six scenarios (classes) of host damage or beneficial outcomes, depending on the microbe and the strength of the immune response. Candida albicans is uniquely adapted to its human host and can exist as either a commensal, colonizing various anatomical sites without causing notable damage, or as a pathogen, with the ability to cause a diverse array of diseases, ranging from mucosal to invasive systemic infections that result in varying levels of microbe-mediated and/or host-mediated damage. We recently categorized six different forms of candidiasis (oropharyngeal, hematogenous, intra-abdominal, gastrointestinal, denture stomatitis, and vulvovaginitis) into independent DRF classes, supporting a contemporary view of unique mechanisms of pathogenesis for these Candida infections. In this review, we summarize the evidence for the pathogenesis of these various forms of candidiasis in the context of the DRF with the further intent to provide insights into strategies to achieve a level of host response or outcome otherwise, that limits host damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Fidel
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-941-8425
| | - Junko Yano
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA;
| | - Shannon K. Esher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.K.E.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Mairi C. Noverr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.K.E.); (M.C.N.)
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Alrabiah M, Alsahhaf A, Alofi RS, Al-Aali KA, Abduljabbar T, Vohra F. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy versus local nystatin in the treatment of denture stomatitis: A randomized clinical study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:98-101. [PMID: 31454713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present randomized clinical study was to compare the efficacies of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) to nystatin (NST) in terms of prevalence of Candida species in cases with denture stomatitis (DS). METHODS Thirty-six patients were randomly divided into two groups; 18 in PDI and 18 in NST. Irradiation was carried out by using the GaA1As diode laser with wavelength, mode of transmission, laser output and energy density were standardized at 660 nm, continuous mode, 100 mW power and 28 J/cm2 respectively. The PDI was applied twice a week, with an interval of at least 48 h among the sessions during four weeks. Topical nystatin oral suspension 100,000 IU was used four times daily for 15 days. The existence of Candida spp. was confirmed by employing the microbiological culture technique. Candida colony counts from the palates and dentures surfaces, quantified as colony forming unit (CFU)/mL, measured at baseline, at the end of treatments (day 15), and at follow-up (days 30 and 60) and the prevalence of Candida spp. were identified in the two groups of treatments. RESULTS The overall CFU/mL values were higher in the dentures of the patients of both the groups than those from the palates. During all time periods of the study, the CFU/mL values obtained from both NST and PDI groups showed no significant differences. For dentures and palates, a significant reduction in mean CFU/mL values was observed on day 15 compared with baseline (day 0) in both NST and PDI groups. It can be seen that the effect size of treatments was large for the palates of patients in the NST group (1.79) and moderate for the palates of patients in the PDI group (0.63). On the other hand, the effect size was very large for the dentures for both groups (NST group = 3.01; PDI group = 1.58). C. albicans was the most common species on both dentures and palates of patients throughout the study period followed by C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. CONCLUSION Out of all the Candida spp., C. albicans showed the highest prevalence among all species. In addition, PDI was equally effective as nystatin for the treatment of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrabiah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alsahhaf
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raneem S Alofi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulud Abdulrahman Al-Aali
- Department Of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, College of Dentistry, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, College of Dentistry, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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Candida sp. Infections in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010076. [PMID: 30634716 PMCID: PMC6352194 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis has increased substantially worldwide over recent decades and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among critically ill patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that predisposes individuals to fungal infections, including those related to Candida sp., due to a immunosuppressive effect on the patient. This review aims to discuss the latest studies regarding the occurrence of candidiasis on DM patients and the pathophysiology and etiology associated with these co-morbidities. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken. PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier’s ScienceDirect, and Springer’s SpringerLink databases were searched using well-defined search terms. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to classify relevant manuscripts. Results of the review show that DM patients have an increased susceptibility to Candida sp. infections which aggravates in the cases of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. The conclusion is that, for these patients, the hospitalization periods have increased and are commonly associated with the prolonged use of indwelling medical devices, which also increase the costs associated with disease management.
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Aitken-Saavedra J, Lund RG, González J, Huenchunao R, Perez-Vallespir I, Morales-Bozo I, Urzúa B, Tarquinio SC, Maturana-Ramírez A, Martos J, Fernandez-Ramires R, Molina-Berríos A. Diversity, frequency and antifungal resistance of Candida species in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Odontol Scand 2018; 76:580-586. [PMID: 30045641 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1484154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine number, species of Candida and Candida resistance to antifungal therapy according to the metabolic control state and the associated salivary changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of non-stimulated saliva were collected from 52 patients with DM2. Salivary pH was measured and cultured on Sabouraud glucose agar and the values of CFU/ml were calculated. The species were presumptively identified using CHROMagar Candida® plates, and identification was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). C. albicans isolates were cultured on SGA tetracycline agar with nystatin and fluconazole diffusion disks to measure susceptibility. RESULTS Sixty six percent of the yeasts isolated were Candida albicans, followed by C. glabrata (20.7%). In patients with decompensated DM2, there was an inverse association between HbA1c value and salivary pH. At higher levels of salivary acidification, a greater diversity and quantity of yeasts of the genus Candida were observed. With nystatin, higher inhibition was observed at lower pH. CONCLUSIONS The antifungal therapies could be more effective if it consider, qualitative salivary characteristics as pH, that could determine the susceptibility of species of Candida to at least to nystatin, which is the most used antifungal for treatment to oral candidiasis in patients with DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aitken-Saavedra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Rafael G. Lund
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jaime González
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina Huenchunao
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ilia Perez-Vallespir
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Irene Morales-Bozo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Blanca Urzúa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Andrea Maturana-Ramírez
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josué Martos
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fernandez-Ramires
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina-Berríos
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Trigo-Gutierrez JK, Sanitá PV, Tedesco AC, Pavarina AC, Mima EGDO. Effect of Chloroaluminium phthalocyanine in cationic nanoemulsion on photoinactivation of multispecies biofilm. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:212-219. [PMID: 30308310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosensitizers in nanocarriers have been investigated for antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). However, most studies are focused against microorganisms in planktonic or monospecies biofilm. Thus, this in vitro study evaluated the effect of aPDT using Chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) in cationic nanoemulsion (NE) against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Streptococcus mutans grown as multispecies biofilm. METHODS Standard suspensions of each microorganism were added into wells of a microtiter plate for biofilm growth for 48 h in a candle jar. The biofilms were incubated with ClAlPc in cationic NE at 31.8 μM for 30 min and illuminated with red light fluence of 39.3 J/cm2 (P+L+ group). Additional samples were treated only with photosensitizer (P+L-) or red light (P-L+) or neither (P-L-, control group). aPDT efficacy was assessed by colony quantification, biofilm's metabolic activity, total biomass, and confocal microscopy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Welch and post-hoc Tukey/Games-Howell tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS aPDT (P+L+) reduced the colony count in 1.30 to 2.24 lg10 and the metabolic activity in 53.7% compared with the control group (P-L-). The total biomass showed no statistical difference among the groups. The confocal microscopy analyzes showed uptake of the PS in the biofilm, and dead cells were observed in the biofilm treated with aPDT. CONCLUSION aPDT mediated by ClAlPc in cationic NE promoted photoinactivation of the multispecies biofilm, which was confirmed by colony quantification, metabolic activity, and confocal microscopy. However, the total biomass of the biofilm was not affected by the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffersson Krishan Trigo-Gutierrez
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineers, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, FFCLRP-São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Miranda-Cadena K, Marcos-Arias C, Mateo E, Aguirre JM, Quindós G, Eraso E. Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and their close-related species in oral candidiasis. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:100-107. [PMID: 30096698 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the importance of Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and their close-related species, Candida bracarensis, Candida nivariensis, Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis in patients with oral candidiasis and, to determine the in vitro activities of antifungal drugs currently used for the treatment. METHODS One hundred fourteen isolates of C. glabrata and 97 of C. parapsilosis, previously identified by conventional mycological methods, were analysed by molecular techniques. In vitro antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, and nystatin was evaluated by CLSI M44-A2 disk diffusion test, and by CLSI M27-A3 microdilution for fluconazole. RESULTS All C. glabrata isolates were identified as C. glabrata sensu stricto, 93 out of 97 C. parapsilosis isolates as C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, three as C. orthopsilosis and one as C. metapsilosis. Candida glabrata was mainly isolated in mixed cultures but C. parapsilosis complex was more frequent in pure culture. Candida metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis were isolated as pure culture and both species were susceptible to all antifungal agents tested. Most C. glabrata isolates were susceptible to miconazole and nystatin, but resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole. Azole cross resistance was also observed. Candida parapsilosis isolates were susceptible to fluconazole although azole cross resistance to miconazole and itraconazole was observed. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of accurate identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of oral Candida isolates in order to have an in-depth understanding of the role of C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis in oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Miranda-Cadena
- UFI 11/25 "Microbios y Salud", Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cristina Marcos-Arias
- UFI 11/25 "Microbios y Salud", Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Mateo
- UFI 11/25 "Microbios y Salud", Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Manuel Aguirre
- UFI 11/25 "Microbios y Salud", Departamento de Estomatología II, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quindós
- UFI 11/25 "Microbios y Salud", Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elena Eraso
- UFI 11/25 "Microbios y Salud", Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain.
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Perić M, Živković R, Milić Lemić A, Radunović M, Miličić B, Arsić Arsenijević V. The severity of denture stomatitis as related to risk factors and different Candida spp. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 126:S2212-4403(18)30841-1. [PMID: 29759652 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1) To select patients with Candida-related denture stomatitis (DS) and to study possible risk factors associated with DS, 2) to evaluate the severity of DS according to Newton's classification, and 3) to investigate the association between the presence of non-albicans Candida spp. (NAC) or mixed Candida spp. and the severity of DS. STUDY DESIGN Eighty-two patients with Candida-positive DS have undergone 1) filling in the interview questionnaire, 2) clinical examination, and 3) microbiologic examination. RESULTS A total of 113 Candida spp. isolates were obtained from Candida-positive DS patients: C. albicans (as a single species) in 47/82 (57%) patients (study group A [SG_A]) and NAC/mixed Candida spp. in 35/82 (43%) patients (SG_B). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age, longer age of the mandibular denture, and ex-smoker status were associated with SG_A. A multivariate model revealed no significant predictor of DS severity. Patients from SG_A were 3 times as likely to have DS type I, while patients from SG_B were 4.9 times as likely to have DS type III. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the association between type III of DS (by Newton's classification) and the presence of NAC or mixed Candida spp. in denture wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Perić
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rade Živković
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Milena Radunović
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Miličić
- Department for Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Valentina Arsić Arsenijević
- National Reference Medical Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Abstract
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases which continue to increase in number and significance. It presents the third most prevalent condition among medically compromised patients referring for dental treatment. Diabetes mellitus has been defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Hyperglycemia leads to widespread multisystem damage which has an effect on oral tissue. The present article summarizes current knowledge regarding the association between diabetes mellitus and oral and dental health.
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Ascione C, Sala A, Mazaheri-Tehrani E, Paulone S, Palmieri B, Blasi E, Cermelli C. Herpes simplex virus-1 entrapped in Candida albicans biofilm displays decreased sensitivity to antivirals and UVA1 laser treatment. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2017; 16:72. [PMID: 29137671 PMCID: PMC5686830 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-017-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we published data suggesting a mutualistic relationship between HSV-1 and Candida. albicans; in particular: (a) HSV-1 infected macrophages are inhibited in their anti-Candida effector function and (b) Candida biofilm protects HSV-1 from inactivation. The present in vitro study is aimed at testing the effects of Candida biofilm on HSV-1 sensitivity to pharmacological and physical stress, such as antiviral drugs (acyclovir and foscarnet) and laser UVA1 irradiation. We also investigated whether fungus growth pattern, either sessile or planktonic, influences HSV-1 sensitivity to antivirals. METHODS Mature Candida biofilms were exposed to HSV-1 and then irradiated with laser light (UVA1, 355 λ). In another set of experiments, mature Candida biofilm were co-cultured with HSV-1 infected VERO cells in the presence of different concentrations of acyclovir or foscarnet. In both protocols, controls unexposed to laser or drugs were included. The viral yield of treated and untreated samples was evaluated by end-point titration. To evaluate whether this protective effect might occur in relation with a different growth pattern, HSV-1 infected cells were co-cultured with either sessile or planktonic forms of Candida and then assessed for susceptibility to antiviral drugs. RESULTS UVA1 irradiation caused a 2 Log reduction of virus yield in the control cultures whereas the reduction was only 1 Log with Candida biofilm, regardless to the laser dose applied to the experimental samples (50 or 100 J/cm2). The presence of biofilm increased the IC90 from 18.4-25.6 J/cm2. Acyclovir caused a 2.3 Log reduction of virus yield in the control cultures whereas with Candida biofilm the reduction was only 0.5 Log; foscarnet determined a reduction of 1.4 Log in the controls and 0.2 Log in biofilm cultures. Consequently, the ICs50 for acyclovir and foscarnet increased by 4- and 12-folds, respectively, compared to controls. When HSV-1 was exposed to either sessile or planktonic fungal cells, the antiviral treatments caused approximately the same weak reduction of virus yield. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that: (1) HSV-1 encompassed in Candida biofilm is protected from inactivation by physical (laser) and pharmacological (acyclovir or foscarnet) treatments; (2) the drug antiviral activity is reduced at a similar extent for both sessile or planktonic Candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Ascione
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 87, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Arianna Sala
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 87, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Elham Mazaheri-Tehrani
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simona Paulone
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 87, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Via del Pozzo 87, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Blasi
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 87, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Cermelli
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 87, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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Sanitá PV, Pavarina AC, Dovigo LN, Ribeiro APD, Andrade MC, Mima EGDO. Curcumin-mediated anti-microbial photodynamic therapy against Candida dubliniensis biofilms. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:709-717. [PMID: 29134404 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-microbial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by curcumin (Cur) associated with LED light against biofilms of Candida dubliniensis, and further, investigate cellular uptake and drug penetration through the biofilms under confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Four C. dubliniensis strains were tested: three clinical isolates from HIV-positive patients and one reference strain (CBS 7987). Biofilms were treated with three Cur concentrations (20.0, 30.0, and 40.0 μM). All samples were incubated in the dark for 20 min and exposed to a 5.28 J/cm2 of LED light fluence. Additional samples of each strain were treated either with Cur or LED light only. Control samples had neither Cur nor light. After aPDT, results were read using the XTT salt reduction method. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to verify both the uptake of Cur by yeast cells and its penetration through the biofilm. The results showed that aPDT promoted significant reduction on the metabolism of the biofilm-organized cells of C. dubliniensis. Further, while Cur was rapidly taken up by C. dubliniensis cells, a longer time interval was required to allow Cur penetration into biofilm cells. Based on these results, aPDT associating LED and Cur presents promising potential on fungal control of biofilms of C. dubliniensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, n° 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, n° 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dias Ribeiro
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Center Dr. 1395, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mariana Carvalho Andrade
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, n° 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, n° 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil.
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Badaró MM, Salles MM, Leite VMF, Arruda CNFD, Oliveira VDC, Nascimento CD, Souza RFD, Paranhos HDFDO, Silva-Lovato CH. Clinical trial for evaluation of Ricinus communis and sodium hypochlorite as denture cleanser. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:324-334. [PMID: 28678952 PMCID: PMC5482256 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated Ricinus communis and sodium hypochlorite solutions in terms of biofilm removal ability, remission of candidiasis, antimicrobial activity, and participant satisfaction. Material and Methods It was conducted a controlled clinical trial, randomized, double-blind, and crossover. Sixty-four denture wearers with (n=24) and without candidiasis (n=40) were instructed to brush (3 times/day) and immerse their dentures (20 min/day) in different storage solutions (S1 / S2: 0.25% / 0.5% sodium hypochlorite; S3: 10% R. communis; S4: Saline).The trial period for each solution was seven days and a washout period of seven days was used before starting the use of another solution. The variables were analyzed at baseline and after each trial period. The biofilm of inner surfaces of maxillary dentures was disclosed, photographed, and total and dyed areas were measured (Image Tool software). The percentage of biofilm was calculated. Remission of candidiasis was assessed by visual scale and score were attributed. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the DNA-Checkerboard hybridization method. Patient satisfaction was measured using a questionnaire. Results S1 (4.41±7.98%) and S2 (2.93±5.23%) were more effective then S3 (6.95±10.93%) in biofilm remotion(P<0.0001). All solutions were different from the control (11.07±11.99%). S3 was the most effective solution in remission of candidiasis (50%), followed by S1 (46%). Concerning antimicrobial action, S1/S2 were similar and resulted in the lowest microorganism mean count (P=0.04), followed by S3. No significant differences were found with patient's satisfaction. Conclusions 10% R. communis and 0.25% sodium hypochlorite were effective in biofilm removal, causing remission of candidiasis and reducing the formation of microbial colonies in denture surfaces. All solutions were approved by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Malheiros Badaró
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Moreira Salles
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Maria Fagundes Leite
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Noronha Ferraz de Arruda
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Cássia Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cássio do Nascimento
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael Freitas de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Helena Silva-Lovato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Gauch LMR, Pedrosa SS, Silveira-Gomes F, Esteves RA, Marques-da-Silva SH. Isolation of Candida spp. from denture-related stomatitis in Pará, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 49:148-151. [PMID: 29054393 PMCID: PMC5790581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Candida species from the oral cavity of denture wearers with denture-related stomatitis who were attended at the University Federal of Pará (Belém City, Pará State, Brazil). A total of 36 denture wearers with denture-related stomatitis were included, and type I (50%), type II (33%) and type III (17%) stomatitis were observed. Candida spp. were isolated from 89% of the cases and included five different Candida species. C. albicans was the most frequently recovered species (78% of the cases), followed by C. famata and C. tropicalis. We observed a significant association between Candida species isolation and unsatisfactory denture condition (p = 0.0017). Our results demonstrated the highly frequency of Candida species isolation in denture wearers with denture-related stomatitis and showed the relationship between these species and poor denture maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurdete Maria Rocha Gauch
- Federal University of Pará, Science Health Institute Belém, Odontology College, Belém, PA, Brazil; Federal University of Pará, Science Biologic Institute, Postgraduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Simone Soares Pedrosa
- Federal University of Pará, Science Health Institute Belém, Odontology College, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Silveira-Gomes
- Federal University of Pará, Science Biologic Institute, Postgraduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Renata Antunes Esteves
- Federal University of Pará, Science Health Institute Belém, Odontology College, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Sato T, Kishi M, Suda M, Sakata K, Shimoda H, Miura H, Ogawa A, Kobayashi S. Prevalence of Candida albicans and non-albicans on the tongue dorsa of elderly people living in a post-disaster area: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:51. [PMID: 28148273 PMCID: PMC5288978 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida species are normal commensal organisms of the mouth. However, they can cause oral mucosal and severe systemic infections in persons with reduced immune function, which is common in the very elderly. In post-disaster areas, the number of elderly residents rapidly increases due to the outflow of younger generations. Hence, we examined the prevalence of Candida albicans and non-albicans in association with oral and systemic conditions, life style, medications, and living conditions. Methods This study was performed in 2014. Participants of this study were 266 community dwellers aged 60 years or older in Otsuchi town, which was severely damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in 2011. Oral specimens were collected from tongue dorsa by swabbing. After 48 h incubation on CHROMagar™ medium, C. albicans and non-albicans were identified by the morphology and pigmentation of the colonies. Oral and systemic health check-ups were performed to assess the following: number of remaining teeth and periodontal status, oral hygiene, use of dentures, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia. A questionnaire addressed lifestyle, medications, and living conditions. Using the variables above, the relative factors involved in the colonization and the amounts of each type of Candida were determined. Results C. albicans and non-albicans were detected in 142 (53.4%) and 63 (23.7%) participants, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that the significant factors of colonization by C. albicans were “having decayed teeth” and “relocation from home”. Factors related to non-albicans colonization were “age over 80 years”, “number of remaining teeth”, “use of dentures”, and “obesity”. On the contrary, none of the parameters were related to the amount of non-albicans in the carrier, and the amount of C. albicans was significantly associated with “number of teeth” and “hypertension”. Conclusions Prevalence-related factors differed between C. albicans and non-albicans colonization. In addition, other than oral status, systemic and living conditions affected the prevalence of both C. albicans and non-albicans in elderly people living in a post-disaster area. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0342-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Sato
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishi
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan.
| | - Miki Suda
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Haruki Shimoda
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miura
- Division of Dental Education, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Ogawa
- Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
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H Gopalkrishna A, M S, Muddaiah S, R S. In vitro antifungal activity of different components of Centratherum anthelminticum and Ocimum sanctum seed oils and their synergism against oral pathogenic fungi. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2016; 10:92-8. [PMID: 27429725 PMCID: PMC4945999 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2016.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Opportunistic fungal infections like candidiasis are common in the oral cavity. In recent years Candida species have shown resistance against a number of synthetic drugs. This study assessed the antifungal activity of Centratherum anthelminticum and Ocimum sanctum seed oils against six common pathogenic Candida strains. Synergistic activity of the major oil components was also studied. Methods. Antifungal activity of Centratherum anthelminticum and Ocimum sanctum seed oils were tested against six oral fungal pathogens, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida krusei 6258, Candida tropicalis 13803, Candida parapsilosis22019, Candida glabrata 90030 and Candida dubliniensis MYA 646, by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods to determine the diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively. The oil was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus from seeds subjected to columnchromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) and major components were separated and quantified. Results. All the six Candida strains showed growth inhibition to a variable degree when tested with both seed oils. Both seed oils showed antifungal activity. For Centratherum anthelminticum seed oil maximum DIZ at 7 μL was recorded at 75.7 mm for Candida albicans ATCC 90028, and the least DIZ was 45.7 mm for Candida dubliniensis MYA 646. For Ocimum sanctum seed oil maximum DIZ at 7 μL was 61.0 mm for Candida krusei ATCC 6258 and the least DIZ was 46.7 mm for Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803. The mixtures of phospholipids and unsaponifiable matter exhibitedMIC values at 1.25 μL for both oils, whereas neutral lipids fraction and unsaponifiable matter exhibited similar MIC at 2.5 μL against Candida albicans and Candida krusei. Conclusion.Centratherum anthelminticum and Ocimum sanctumseed oils exhibited strong antifungal activity against six different species of Candida and this may be attributed to various active components in the oil and their synergistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna H Gopalkrishna
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Seshagiri M
- Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil Muddaiah
- Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashidara R
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
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André RS, Zamperini CA, Mima EG, Longo VM, Albuquerque AR, Sambrano JR, Machado AL, Vergani CE, Hernandes AC, Varela JA, Longo E. Antimicrobial activity of TiO2:Ag nanocrystalline heterostructures: Experimental and theoretical insights. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Muadcheingka T, Tantivitayakul P. Distribution of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species in oral candidiasis patients: Correlation between cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm forming activities. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:894-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zago CE, Silva S, Sanitá PV, Barbugli PA, Dias CMI, Lordello VB, Vergani CE. Dynamics of biofilm formation and the interaction between Candida albicans and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123206. [PMID: 25875834 PMCID: PMC4395328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial biofilms are an understudied and a clinically relevant problem. This study evaluates the interaction between C. albicans, and methicillin- susceptible (MSSA) and resistant (MRSA) S. aureus growing in single- and dual-species biofilms. Single and dual species adhesion (90 min) and biofilms (12, 24, and 48 h) were evaluated by complementary methods: counting colony-forming units (CFU mL-1), XTT-reduction, and crystal violet staining (CV). The secretion of hydrolytic enzymes by the 48 h biofilms was also evaluated using fluorimetric kits. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess biofilm structure. The results from quantification assays were compared using two-way ANOVAs with Tukey post-hoc tests, while data from enzymatic activities were analyzed by one-way Welch-ANOVA followed by Games-Howell post hoc test (α = 0.05). C. albicans, MSSA and MRSA were able to adhere and to form biofilm in both single or mixed cultures. In general, all microorganisms in both growth conditions showed a gradual increase in the number of cells and metabolic activity over time, reaching peak values between 12 h and 48 h (ρ<0.05). C. albicans single- and dual-biofilms had significantly higher total biomass values (ρ<0.05) than single biofilms of bacteria. Except for single MRSA biofilms, all microorganisms in both growth conditions secreted proteinase and phospholipase-C. SEM images revealed extensive adherence of bacteria to hyphal elements of C. albicans. C. albicans, MSSA, and MRSA can co-exist in biofilms without antagonism and in an apparent synergistic effect, with bacteria cells preferentially associated to C. albicans hyphal forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiene Evelin Zago
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista. Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sónia Silva
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista. Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Aboud Barbugli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista. Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Maria Improta Dias
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista. Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Barreto Lordello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista. Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Vergani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista. Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Foggi CC, Machado AL, Zamperini CA, Fernandes D, Wady AF, Vergani CE. Effect of surface roughness on the hydrophobicity of a denture-base acrylic resin and Candida albicans
colonization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:141-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila C. de Foggi
- Araraquara Dental School; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; São Paulo State University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ana L. Machado
- Araraquara Dental School; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; São Paulo State University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Camila A. Zamperini
- Araraquara Dental School; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; São Paulo State University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Darcy Fernandes
- Araraquara Dental School; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; São Paulo State University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Amanda F. Wady
- Araraquara Dental School; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; São Paulo State University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Vergani
- Araraquara Dental School; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; São Paulo State University; São Paulo Brazil
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Tay LY, Jorge JH, Herrera DR, Campanha NH, Gomes BP, Andre dos Santos F. Evaluation of different treatment methods against denture stomatitis: a randomized clinical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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In vitro evaluation of the enzymatic activity profile of non-albicans Candida species isolated from patients with oral candidiasis with or without diabetes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:84-91. [PMID: 24908598 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of phospholipase (PL) and secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP) by Candida glabrata and C tropicalis obtained from the denture biofilms of healthy participants (16 isolates), patients with oral candidiasis with diabetes (10 isolates), and patients with oral candidiasis without diabetes (25 isolates). STUDY DESIGN After incubation, the supernatants and pellets of the isolates were used for the enzymatic assays and quantification of colony-forming units (CFU), respectively. Colorimetric tests were used with phosphatidylcholine as a substrate for PL and azocasein as a substrate for SAP, and the absorbances of the samples were measured. Enzymatic rates were calculated, and values were normalized by CFU. Results were analyzed with factorial analyses of variance (α = .05). RESULTS C tropicalis and C glabrata were proteolytic and phospholipolytic. The clinical sources of isolates had no significant effect on the enzymatic activities (P > .05). C tropicalis had significantly higher enzymatic activity for both PL and SAP (P < .001) than did C glabrata. CONCLUSIONS C tropicalis isolates produced significantly higher amounts of both enzymes than did the C glabrata isolates.
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Sanitá PV, Zago CE, Pavarina AC, Jorge JH, Machado AL, Vergani CE. Enzymatic activity profile of a Brazilian culture collection of Candida albicans isolated from diabetics and non-diabetics with oral candidiasis. Mycoses 2013; 57:351-7. [PMID: 24329754 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of hydrolytic enzymes is a fundamental virulence factor of Candida albicans to develop disease. The objective of this study was to characterise the virulence of 148 clinical isolates of C. albicans from oral candidiasis by assessing the expression of phospholipase (PL) and secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP). Isolates were obtained from healthy subjects (HS) and diabetics (DOC) and non-diabetics with oral candidiasis (NDOC). An aliquot (5 μl) of each cell suspension was inoculated on PL and SAP agar plates and incubated. Enzymes secretion was detected by the formation of an opaque halo around the colonies and enzymatic activity (PZ) was determined by the ratio between colony diameter and colony diameter plus the halo zone. Statistical comparisons were made by a one-way anova followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). The clinical sources of C. albicans had significant effect (P < 0.001) on the PZ values of both enzymes. For PL, clinical isolates from NDOC and DOC had highest enzymatic activity than those from HS (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between them (P = 0.506). For SAP, C. albicans from NDOC showed the lower enzymatic activity (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between isolates from HS and DOC (P = 0.7051). C. albicans isolates from NDOC and DOC patients showed an increased production of PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Rua Humaitá, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Bueno MG, Urban VM, Barbério GS, da Silva WJ, Porto VC, Pinto L, Neppelenbroek KH. Effect of antimicrobial agents incorporated into resilient denture relines on the Candida albicans biofilm. Oral Dis 2013; 21:57-65. [PMID: 24219354 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antimicrobial action of five drugs incorporated in temporary denture relines on the fungal biofilm was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Candida albicans biofilm (SC5314) was formed on specimens (10 × 1 mm) of materials (Trusoft and Softone) modified or not (control) by the drugs (nystatin, miconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and chlorhexidine diacetate). Cell viability was determined spectrophotometrically by the tetrazolium salt reduction assay (XTT) after 24 h, 48 h, and 7 and 14 days of incubation. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were those which inhibited 90% or more of fungal growth. Fungal susceptibility was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. RESULTS The MICs of drugs incorporated in the materials were 0.032, 0.256, 0.128, 0.256, and 0.064 g ml(-1) for nystatin, miconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and chlorhexidine, respectively. Images from nystatin, chlorhexidine, and ketoconazole demonstrated no viable cells. CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobials incorporated in the resilient materials inhibited fungal growth during 14 days, with lower MICs for nystatin and chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Bueno
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Sanitá PV, Mima EGDO, Pavarina AC, Jorge JH, Machado AL, Vergani CE. Susceptibility profile of a Brazilian yeast stock collection of Candida species isolated from subjects with Candida-associated denture stomatitis with or without diabetes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 116:562-9. [PMID: 24055150 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the susceptibility of 198 clinical isolates of Candida species against caspofungin, amphotericin B, itraconazole, and fluconazole. STUDY DESIGN Suspensions of the microorganisms were spread on Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) agar plates. Etest strips were placed on the plates, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was read after incubation (48 h at 37 °C). Data were analyzed by a factorial analysis of variance and a 2 × 2 post hoc test (α = .05). RESULTS C glabrata showed the highest MIC values (P < .001) against caspofungin, itraconazole, and fluconazole. For amphotericin B, the MIC values of C tropicalis and C glabrata (P = .0521) were higher than those of C albicans (P < .001). Itraconazole was the least effective antifungal; 93.3% of the C glabrata isolates, 3.3% of the C albicans, and 1.3% of the C tropicalis were resistant. All microorganisms were susceptible to caspofungin and amphotericin B. CONCLUSIONS Caspofungin and amphotericin B should be recommended as an effective alternative for the management of oral Candida infections when treatment with topical or other systemic drugs has definitely failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva MM, Mima EGDO, Colombo AL, Sanitá PV, Jorge JH, Massucato EMS, Vergani CE. Comparison of denture microwave disinfection and conventional antifungal therapy in the treatment of denture stomatitis: a randomized clinical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 114:469-79. [PMID: 22986242 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of denture microwave disinfection and antifungal therapy on treatment of denture stomatitis. STUDY DESIGN Sixty denture wearers with denture stomatitis (3 groups; n = 20 each), were treated with nystatin or denture microwave disinfection (1 or 3 times/wk) for 14 days. Mycologic samples from palates and dentures were quantified and identified with the use of Chromagar, and clinical photographs of palates were taken. Microbiologic and clinical data were analyzed with the use of a series of statistical tests (α = .05). RESULTS Both treatments similarly reduced clinical signs of denture stomatitis and growth on palates and dentures at days 14 and 30 (P > .05). At sequential appointments, the predominant species (P < .01) isolated was C. albicans (range 98%-53%), followed by C. glabrata (range 22%-12%) and C. tropicalis (range 25%-7%). CONCLUSIONS Microwave disinfection, at once per week for 2 treatments, was as effective as topical antifungal therapy for treating denture stomatitis.
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Mima E, Vergani C, Machado A, Massucato E, Colombo A, Bagnato V, Pavarina A. Comparison of Photodynamic Therapy versus conventional antifungal therapy for the treatment of denture stomatitis: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E380-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mycological analysis of the oral cavity of patients using acrylic removable dentures. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012; 2012:951572. [PMID: 22550480 PMCID: PMC3328923 DOI: 10.1155/2012/951572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The problems of fungal infections in edentulous have been discussed in literature. Findings show that oral mycosis has an influence on the mycosis of oesophageal mucosa. Based on this we started to follow from 2007 in patients who wear dentures mycological examination, to evaluate changes of yeasts numbers, the sensitivity to antibiotics and determine the impact of types of prosthesis, time of using, gender and age of patients. 1230 patients who were wearing dentures participated in the retrospective study. The material for mycological examination was sampled as a smear from the palate. After the mycological identification of Candida species and assessment of growth, the susceptibility testing with Fluconazole and Nystatin was made. The number of 23 Candida species was diagnosed microbiologically in five years. C. albicans and C. glabrata were increasing in number—from 33,7% to 46,9% and 6,7% to 14,0%, respectively. There was a significant statistical difference between yeasts growth and gender (P = 0, 017 < 0.05). The conclusion is that a large percentage of persons wearing removable denture has been affected by Candida species and that could lead to the mycosis of farther gastrointestinal tract sections. The mycological examination before treatment, especially in patients using acrylic denture, appears to be necessary.
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