1
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Angelini G, Mura G, Messina G. Therapeutic approaches to preserve the musculature in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: The importance of the secondary therapies. Exp Cell Res 2022; 410:112968. [PMID: 34883113 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are heterogeneous diseases, characterized by primary wasting of skeletal muscle, which in severe cases, such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), leads to wheelchair dependency, respiratory failure, and premature death. Research is ongoing to develop efficacious therapies, particularly for DMD. Most of the efforts, currently focusing on correcting or restoring the primary defect of MDs, are based on gene-addition, exon-skipping, stop codon read-through, and genome-editing. Although promising, most of them revealed several practical limitations. Shared knowledge in the field is that, in order to be really successful, any therapeutic approach has to rely on spared functional muscle tissue, restricting the number of patients eligible for clinical trials to the youngest and less compromised individuals. In line with this, many therapeutic strategies aim to preserve muscle tissue and function. This Review outlines the most interesting and recent studies addressing the secondary outcomes of DMD and how to better deliver the therapeutic agents. In the future, the effective treatment of DMD will likely require combinations of therapies addressing both the primary genetic defect and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Angelini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Mura
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Messina
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Arjona M, Goshayeshi A, Rodriguez-Mateo C, Brett JO, Both P, Ishak H, Rando TA. Tubastatin A maintains adult skeletal muscle stem cells in a quiescent state ex vivo and improves their engraftment ability in vivo. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:82-95. [PMID: 35021050 PMCID: PMC8758944 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are important for muscle regeneration and constitute a potential source of cell therapy. However, upon isolation, MuSCs rapidly exit quiescence and lose transplantation potency. Maintenance of the quiescent state in vitro preserves MuSC transplantation efficiency and provides an opportunity to study the biology of quiescence. Here we show that Tubastatin A (TubA), an Hdac6 inhibitor, prevents primary cilium resorption, maintains quiescence, and enhances MuSC survival ex vivo. Phenotypic characterization and transcriptomic analysis of TubA-treated cells revealed that TubA maintains most of the biological features and molecular signatures of quiescence. Furthermore, TubA-treated MuSCs showed improved engraftment ability upon transplantation. TubA also induced a return to quiescence and improved engraftment of cycling MuSCs, revealing a potentially expanded application for MuSC therapeutics. Altogether, these studies demonstrate the ability of TubA to maintain MuSC quiescence ex vivo and to enhance the therapeutic potential of MuSCs and their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arjona
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Armon Goshayeshi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Mateo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jamie O Brett
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pieter Both
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heather Ishak
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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3
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Alarcin E, Bal-Öztürk A, Avci H, Ghorbanpoor H, Dogan Guzel F, Akpek A, Yesiltas G, Canak-Ipek T, Avci-Adali M. Current Strategies for the Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5929. [PMID: 34072959 PMCID: PMC8198586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injuries, tumor resections, and degenerative diseases can damage skeletal muscle and lead to functional impairment and severe disability. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process that depends on various cell types, signaling molecules, architectural cues, and physicochemical properties to be successful. To promote muscle repair and regeneration, various strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering have been developed in the last decades. However, there is still a high demand for the development of new methods and materials that promote skeletal muscle repair and functional regeneration to bring approaches closer to therapies in the clinic that structurally and functionally repair muscle. The combination of stem cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules is used to induce skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of different cell types used to treat skeletal muscle injury, highlight current strategies in biomaterial-based approaches, the importance of topography for the successful creation of functional striated muscle fibers, and discuss novel methods for muscle regeneration and challenges for their future clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Alarcin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ayca Bal-Öztürk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Avci
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey;
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Research Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
- AvciBio Research Group, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey;
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hamed Ghorbanpoor
- AvciBio Research Group, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dogan Guzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Ali Akpek
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey; (A.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gözde Yesiltas
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey; (A.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Tuba Canak-Ipek
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
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4
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Benedetti A, Cera G, De Meo D, Villani C, Bouche M, Lozanoska-Ochser B. A novel approach for the isolation and long-term expansion of pure satellite cells based on ice-cold treatment. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:7. [PMID: 33731194 PMCID: PMC7968259 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) are muscle stem cells capable of regenerating injured muscle. The study of their functional potential depends on the availability of methods for the isolation and expansion of pure SCs with preserved myogenic properties after serial passages in vitro. Here, we describe the ice-cold treatment (ICT) method, which is a simple, economical, and efficient method for the isolation and in vitro expansion of highly pure mouse and human SCs. It involves a brief (15-30 min) incubation on ice (0 °C) of a dish containing a heterogeneous mix of adherent muscle mononuclear cells, which leads to the detachment of only the SCs, and gives rise to cultures of superior purity compared to other commonly used isolation methods. The ICT method doubles up as a gentle passaging technique, allowing SC expansion over extended periods of time without compromising their proliferation and differentiation potential. Moreover, SCs isolated and expanded using the ICT method are capable of regenerating injured muscle in vivo. The ICT method involves minimal cell manipulation, does not require any expertise or expensive reagents, it is fast, and highly reproducible, and greatly reduces the number of animals or human biopsies required in order to obtain sufficient number of SCs. The cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and technical simplicity of this method, as well as its remarkable efficiency, will no doubt accelerate SC basic and translational research bringing their therapeutic use closer to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Benedetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cera
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele De Meo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Villani
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Bouche
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Tijore A, Lee BH, Salila Vijayalal Mohan HK, Li H, Tan LP. Bioactive micropatterned platform to engineer myotube-like cells from stem cells. Biofabrication 2020; 13. [PMID: 33285529 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abd157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has the capacity to repair and heal itself after injury. However, this self-healing ability is diminished in the event of severe injuries and myopathies. In such conditions, stem cell-based regenerative treatments can play an important part in post injury restoration. We herein report the development of a bioactive (integrin-β1 antibody immobilized) gold micropatterned platform to promote human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiation into the myotube-like cells. hMSCs grown on bioactive micropattern differentiated into the myotube-like cells within two weeks. Further, up-regulation of myogenic markers, multi-nucleated state with continuous actin cytoskeleton and absence of proliferation marker confirmed the formation of myotube-like cells on bioactive micropattern. Prominent expression of elongated integrin-β1 focal adhesions (ITG-β1 FAs) and development of anisotropic stress fibres in those differentiated cells elucidated their importance in stem cell myogenesis. Together these findings delineate the synergistic role of engineered cell anisotropy and ITG-β1 mediated signaling in the development of myotube-like cells from hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Tijore
- National University of Singapore, Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, 119260, SINGAPORE
| | - Bae Hoon Lee
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore, 639798, SINGAPORE
| | | | - Holden Li
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore, Singapore, 639798, SINGAPORE
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore, 639798, SINGAPORE
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6
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Zeng X, Lin J, Wu H, Yu J, Tu M, Cheang LH, Zhang J. Effect of Conditioned Medium from Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Rejuvenation of Nucleus Pulposus Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells from Degenerated Intervertebral Disc. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:257-267. [PMID: 32587132 PMCID: PMC7378895 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-based treatment for degeneration of intervertebral disc (IVD) has been proposed recently. We here addressed whether MSC secreted factors can rejuvenate nucleus pulposus-derived stem/progenitor cells from degenerated disc (D-NPSCs) in vitro. Methods and Results We analyzed the expression of MSCs and NP cell specific surface markers, pluripotency related genes, multilineage potential and cell proliferative capacity of D-NPSCs upon incubation with the conditioned medium which was collected from the umbilical cord derived MSCs (UCMSCs). Our results indicated that the conditioned medium restore the stemness of D-NPSCs by up-regulating the expression level of CD29 and CD105, pluripotency related genes OCT4 and Nanog, and NP progenitor marker Tie2. The increased stemness was accompanied by promoted cell proliferative capacity and improved osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Conclusions Our findings suggested that the UCMSCs derived conditioned medium might be used to rejuvenate the degenerated NP stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayue Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lek Hang Cheang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Conde de Sao Januario, Macao, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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He R, Li H, Wang L, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chen M, Zhu Y, Zhang C. Engraftment of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic progenitors restores dystrophin in mice with duchenne muscular dystrophy. Biol Res 2020; 53:22. [PMID: 32430065 PMCID: PMC7238630 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating genetic muscular disorder with no effective treatment that is caused by the loss of dystrophin. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a promising unlimited resource for cell-based therapies of muscular dystrophy. However, their clinical applications are hindered by inefficient myogenic differentiation, and moreover, the engraftment of non-transgene hiPSC-derived myogenic progenitors has not been examined in the mdx mouse model of DMD. Methods We investigated the muscle regenerative potential of myogenic progenitors derived from hiPSCs in mdx mice. The hiPSCs were transfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) vector and defined as EGFP hiPSCs. Myogenic differentiation was performed on EGFP hiPSCs with supplementary of basic fibroblast growth factor, forskolin, 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime as well as horse serum. EGFP hiPSCs-derived myogenic progenitors were engrafted into mdx mice via both intramuscular and intravenous injection. The restoration of dystrophin expression, the ratio of central nuclear myofibers, and the transplanted cells-derived satellite cells were accessed after intramuscular and systemic transplantation. Results We report that abundant myogenic progenitors can be generated from hiPSCs after treatment with these three small molecules, with consequent terminal differentiation giving rise to mature myotubes in vitro. Upon intramuscular or systemic transplantation into mdx mice, these myogenic progenitors engrafted and contributed to human-derived myofiber regeneration in host muscles, restored dystrophin expression, ameliorated pathological lesions, and seeded the satellite cell compartment in dystrophic muscles. Conclusions This study demonstrates the muscle regeneration potential of myogenic progenitors derived from hiPSCs using non-transgenic induction methods. Engraftment of hiPSC-derived myogenic progenitors could be a potential future therapeutic strategy to treat DMD in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojie He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Menglong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Sun X, Feng X, Wu X, Lu Y, Chen K, Ye Y. Fat Wasting Is Damaging: Role of Adipose Tissue in Cancer-Associated Cachexia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:33. [PMID: 32117967 PMCID: PMC7028686 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of body weight, especially loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle weight, characterizes cancer-associated cachexia (CAC). Clinically, therapeutic options for CAC are limited due to the complicated signaling between cancer and other organs. Recent research advances show that adipose tissues play a critical role during thermogenesis, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism. Understanding the adipocyte lipolysis, the formation of beige adipocytes, and the activation of brown adipocytes is vital for novel therapies for metabolic syndromes like CAC. The system-level crosstalk between adipose tissue and other organs involves adipocyte lipolysis, white adipose tissue browning, and secreted factors and metabolites. Novel CAC animal models and accumulating molecular signaling knowledge have provided mechanisms that may ultimately be translated into future therapeutic possibilities that benefit CAC patients. This mini review discusses the role of adipose tissue in CAC development, mechanism, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Feng
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongtian Lu
- Department of ENT, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaihong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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9
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Quan Y, Hua S, Li W, Zhan M, Li Y, Lu L. Resveratrol bidirectionally regulates insulin effects in skeletal muscle through alternation of intracellular redox homeostasis. Life Sci 2019; 242:117188. [PMID: 31863772 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reactive oxygen species (ROS) bidirectionally regulate insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Insulin-induced ROS generation elevates insulin-regulated metabolic effects; however, chronic oxidative stress causes severe insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Resveratrol (RV), as a natural antioxidant, eliminates intracellular ROS. It's unclear that whether it has different roles in insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6J mice and C2C12 myotubes were used to assess metabolic regulation effects of RV. Protein activation was detected using Immunofluorescence and Western Blot analysis. ROS were analyzed using confocal microscope and flow cytometry sorting (FACS). Intracellular reducing molecules were detected using an enzymatic method. Glucose uptake was measured using a fluorescent deoxyglucose analog (2-NBDG). KEY FINDINGS We found that RV attenuated insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation via elimination of insulin-induced ROS generation in skeletal muscle, suggesting that RV decreased activation of the insulin-induced AKT signaling. In skeletal muscle of insulin resistance, RV reduced oxidative stress, restored intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, and enhanced insulin-induced AKT activation and glucose absorption. These results suggested that RV ameliorated insulin resistance by change of redox levels in skeletal muscle. SIGNIFICANCE This study revealed bidirectional regulation effects of RV on insulin-stimulated metabolism in skeletal muscle through alternation of intracellular redox homeostasis, which might provide a guidance role for treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyao Quan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China
| | - Shengni Hua
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affilated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China.
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10
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Pim1 kinase positively regulates myoblast behaviors and skeletal muscle regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:773. [PMID: 31601787 PMCID: PMC6787030 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle regeneration after injury depends on normal myoblast function. However, the intrinsic mechanisms for the control of myoblast behaviors are not well defined. Herein, we identified Pim1 kinase as a novel positive regulator of myoblast behaviors in vitro and muscle regeneration in vivo. Specifically, knockdown of Pim1 significantly restrains the proliferation and accelerates the apoptosis of myoblasts in vitro, indicating that Pim1 is critical for myoblast survival and amplification. Meanwhile, we found that Pim1 kinase is increased and translocated from cytoplasm into nucleus during myogenic differentiation. By using Pim1 kinase inhibitor, we proved that inhibition of Pim1 activity prevents myoblast differentiation and fusion, suggesting the necessity of Pim1 kinase activity for proper myogenesis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Pim1 kinase interacts with myogenic regulator MyoD and controls its transcriptional activity, inducing the expression of muscle-specific genes, which consequently promotes myogenic differentiation. Additionally, in skeletal muscle injury mouse model, deletion of Pim1 hinders the regeneration of muscle fibers and the recovery of muscle strength. Taken together, our study provides a potential target for the manipulation of myoblast behaviors in vitro and the myoblast-based therapeutics of skeletal muscle injury.
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11
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Jiwlawat N, Lynch EM, Napiwocki BN, Stempien A, Ashton RS, Kamp TJ, Crone WC, Suzuki M. Micropatterned substrates with physiological stiffness promote cell maturation and Pompe disease phenotype in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived skeletal myocytes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2377-2392. [PMID: 31131875 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in bioengineering have enabled cell culture systems that more closely mimic the native cellular environment. Here, we demonstrated that human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived myogenic progenitors formed highly-aligned myotubes and contracted when seeded on two-dimensional micropatterned platforms. The differentiated cells showed clear nuclear alignment and formed elongated myotubes dependent on the width of the micropatterned lanes. Topographical cues from micropatterning and physiological substrate stiffness improved the formation of well-aligned and multinucleated myotubes similar to myofibers. These aligned myotubes exhibited spontaneous contractions specifically along the long axis of the pattern. Notably, the micropatterned platforms developed bundle-like myotubes using patient-derived iPSCs with a background of Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II) and even enhanced the disease phenotype as shown through the specific pathology of abnormal lysosome accumulations. A highly-aligned formation of matured myotubes holds great potential in further understanding the process of human muscle development, as well as advancing in vitro pharmacological studies for skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunnapas Jiwlawat
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eileen M Lynch
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Brett N Napiwocki
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alana Stempien
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Randolph S Ashton
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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12
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Tang X, Daneshmandi L, Awale G, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 5:233-251. [PMID: 33778155 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles have the intrinsic ability to regenerate after minor injury, but under certain circumstances such as severe trauma from accidents, chronic diseases or battlefield injuries the regeneration process is limited. Skeletal muscle regenerative engineering has emerged as a promising approach to address this clinical issue. The regenerative engineering approach involves the convergence of advanced materials science, stem cell science, physical forces, insights from developmental biology, and clinical translation. This article reviews recent studies showing the potential of the convergences of technologies involving biomaterials, stem cells and bioactive factors in concert with clinical translation, in promoting skeletal muscle regeneration. Several types of biomaterials such as electrospun nanofibers, hydrogels, patterned scaffolds, decellularized tissues, and conductive matrices are being investigated. Detailed discussions are given on how these biomaterials can interact with cells and modulate their behavior through physical, chemical and mechanical cues. In addition, the application of physical forces such as mechanical and electrical stimulation are reviewed as strategies that can further enhance muscle contractility and functionality. The review also discusses established animal models to evaluate regeneration in two clinically relevant muscle injuries; volumetric muscle loss (VML) and muscle atrophy upon rotator cuff injury. Regenerative engineering approaches using advanced biomaterials, cells, and physical forces, developmental cues along with insights from immunology, genetics and other aspects of clinical translation hold significant potential to develop promising strategies to support skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Leila Daneshmandi
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Guleid Awale
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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13
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Argilés JM, López-Soriano FJ, Stemmler B, Busquets S. Therapeutic strategies against cancer cachexia. Eur J Transl Myol 2019; 29:7960. [PMID: 31019661 PMCID: PMC6460215 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.7960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia has two main components: anorexia and metabolic alterations. The main changes associated with the development of this multi-organic syndrome are glucose intolerance, fat depletion and muscle protein hypercatabolism. The aim of this paper is to review the more recent therapeutic approaches designed to counteract the wasting suffered by the cancer patient with cachexia. Among the most promising approaches we can include the use of ghrelin agonists, beta-blockers, beta-adrenergic agonists, androgen receptor agonists and anti-myostatin peptides. The multi-targeted approach seems essential in these treatments, which should include the combination of both nutritional support, drugs and a suitable program of physical exercise, in order to ameliorate both anorexia and the metabolic changes associated with cachexia. In addition, another very important and crucial aspect to be taken into consideration in the design of clinical trials for the treatment of cancer cachexia is to staging cancer patients in relation with the degree of cachexia, in order to start as early as possible this triple approach in the course of the disease, even before the weight loss can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology Faculty of the Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedicine Institute, Barcelona University (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology Faculty of the Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedicine Institute, Barcelona University (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sílvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology Faculty of the Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedicine Institute, Barcelona University (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic progenitors remodel their molecular signature upon in vivo engraftment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4346-4351. [PMID: 30760602 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808303116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal cell-based therapies for the treatment of muscle degenerative disorders should not only regenerate fibers but provide a quiescent satellite cell pool ensuring long-term maintenance and regeneration. Conditional expression of Pax3/Pax7 in differentiating pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) allows the generation of myogenic progenitors endowed with enhanced regenerative capacity. To identify the molecular determinants underlying their regenerative potential, we performed transcriptome analyses of these cells along with primary myogenic cells from several developmental stages. Here we show that in vitro-generated PSC-derived myogenic progenitors possess a molecular signature similar to embryonic/fetal myoblasts. However, compared with fetal myoblasts, following transplantation they show superior myofiber engraftment and ability to seed the satellite cell niche, respond to multiple reinjuries, and contribute to long-term regeneration. Upon engraftment, the transcriptome of reisolated Pax3/Pax7-induced PSC-derived myogenic progenitors changes toward a postnatal molecular signature, particularly in genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. These findings demonstrate that Pax3/Pax7-induced myogenic progenitors remodel their molecular signature and functionally mature upon in vivo exposure to the adult muscle environment.
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15
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Feng X, Naz F, Juan AH, Dell'Orso S, Sartorelli V. Identification of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Immunofluorescence with Pax7 and Laminin Antibodies. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29733324 DOI: 10.3791/57212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunofluorescence is an effective method that helps to identify different cell types on tissue sections. In order to study the desired cell population, antibodies for specific cell markers are applied on tissue sections. In adult skeletal muscle, satellite cells (SCs) are stem cells that contribute to muscle repair and regeneration. Therefore, it is important to visualize and trace the satellite cell population under different physiological conditions. In resting skeletal muscle, SCs reside between the basal lamina and myofiber plasma membrane. A commonly used marker for identifying SCs on the myofibers or in cell culture is the paired box protein Pax7. In this article, an optimized Pax7 immunofluorescence protocol on skeletal muscle sections is presented that minimizes non-specific staining and background. Another antibody that recognizes a protein (laminin) of the basal lamina was also added to help identify SCs. Similar protocols can also be used to perform double or triple labeling with Pax7 and antibodies for additional proteins of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Feng
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institutes of Health;
| | - Faiza Naz
- Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health
| | - Aster H Juan
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institutes of Health
| | - Stefania Dell'Orso
- Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health
| | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institutes of Health;
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16
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Current Progress and Challenges for Skeletal Muscle Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Transgene-Free Approaches. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6241681. [PMID: 29760730 PMCID: PMC5924987 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6241681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases are caused by functional defects of skeletal muscles, directly via muscle pathology or indirectly via disruption of the nervous system. Extensive studies have been performed to improve the outcomes of therapies; however, effective treatment strategies have not been fully established for any major neuromuscular disease. Human pluripotent stem cells have a great capacity to differentiate into myogenic progenitors and skeletal myocytes for use in treating and modeling neuromuscular diseases. Recent advances have allowed the creation of patient-derived stem cells, which can be used as a unique platform for comprehensive study of disease mechanisms, in vitro drug screening, and potential new cell-based therapies. In the last decade, a number of methods have been developed to derive skeletal muscle cells from human pluripotent stem cells. By controlling the process of myogenesis using transcription factors and signaling molecules, human pluripotent stem cells can be directed to differentiate into cell types observed during muscle development. In this review, we highlight signaling pathways relevant to the formation of muscle tissue during embryonic development. We then summarize current methods to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells toward the myogenic lineage, specifically focusing on transgene-free approaches. Lastly, we discuss existing challenges for deriving skeletal myocytes and myogenic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells.
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17
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Crispi V, Matsakas A. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: genome editing gives new hope for treatment. Postgrad Med J 2018; 94:296-304. [DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-135377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive wasting disease of skeletal and cardiac muscles, representing one of the most common recessive fatal inherited genetic diseases with 1:3500–1:5000 in yearly incidence. It is caused by mutations in the DMD gene that encodes the membrane-associated dystrophin protein. Over the years, many have been the approaches to management of DMD, but despite all efforts, no effective treatment has yet been discovered. Hope for the development of potential therapeutics has followed the recent advances in genome editing and gene therapy. This review gives an overview to DMD and summarises current lines of evidence with regard to treatment and disease management alongside the appropriate considerations.
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18
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Inhibition of Methyltransferase Setd7 Allows the In Vitro Expansion of Myogenic Stem Cells with Improved Therapeutic Potential. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:177-190.e7. [PMID: 29395054 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of cell therapy for repairing damaged or diseased skeletal muscle has been hindered by the inability to significantly expand immature, transplantable myogenic stem cells (MuSCs) in culture. To overcome this limitation, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating the transition between activated, proliferating MuSCs and differentiation-primed, poorly engrafting progenitors is needed. Here, we show that methyltransferase Setd7 facilitates such transition by regulating the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in proliferating MuSCs. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Setd7 promotes in vitro expansion of MuSCs and increases the yield of primary myogenic cell cultures. Upon transplantation, both mouse and human MuSCs expanded with a Setd7 small-molecule inhibitor are better able to repopulate the satellite cell niche, and treated mouse MuSCs show enhanced therapeutic potential in preclinical models of muscular dystrophy. Thus, Setd7 inhibition may help bypass a key obstacle in the translation of cell therapy for muscle disease.
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19
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In Vivo Human Somitogenesis Guides Somite Development from hPSCs. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1573-1585. [PMID: 28178531 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Somites form during embryonic development and give rise to unique cell and tissue types, such as skeletal muscles and bones and cartilage of the vertebrae. Using somitogenesis-stage human embryos, we performed transcriptomic profiling of human presomitic mesoderm as well as nascent and developed somites. In addition to conserved pathways such as WNT-β-catenin, we also identified BMP and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling as major regulators unique to human somitogenesis. This information enabled us to develop an efficient protocol to derive somite cells in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Importantly, the in-vitro-differentiating cells progressively expressed markers of the distinct developmental stages that are known to occur during in vivo somitogenesis. Furthermore, when subjected to lineage-specific differentiation conditions, the hPSC-derived somite cells were multipotent in generating somite derivatives, including skeletal myocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. This work improves our understanding of human somitogenesis and may enhance our ability to treat diseases affecting somite derivatives.
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20
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Silencing Nfix rescues muscular dystrophy by delaying muscle regeneration. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1055. [PMID: 29057908 PMCID: PMC5651883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are severe disorders due to mutations in structural genes, and are characterized by skeletal muscle wasting, compromised patient mobility, and respiratory functions. Although previous works suggested enhancing regeneration and muscle mass as therapeutic strategies, these led to no long-term benefits in humans. Mice lacking the transcription factor Nfix have delayed regeneration and a shift toward an oxidative fiber type. Here, we show that ablating or silencing the transcription factor Nfix ameliorates pathology in several forms of muscular dystrophy. Silencing Nfix in postnatal dystrophic mice, when the first signs of the disease already occurred, rescues the pathology and, conversely, Nfix overexpression in dystrophic muscles increases regeneration and markedly exacerbates the pathology. We therefore offer a proof of principle for a novel therapeutic approach for muscular dystrophies based on delaying muscle regeneration. Strategies aimed at promoting muscle regeneration to treat muscular dystrophy have met with limited success. Here the authors show instead that delaying muscle regeneration, by ablation of the transcription factor Nfix, ameliorates muscular dystrophy in mice.
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21
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Van Ry PM, Fontelonga TM, Barraza-Flores P, Sarathy A, Nunes AM, Burkin DJ. ECM-Related Myopathies and Muscular Dystrophies: Pros and Cons of Protein Therapies. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1519-1536. [PMID: 28915335 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) myopathies and muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins that provide critical links between muscle cells and the extracellular matrix. These include structural proteins of the ECM, muscle cell receptors, enzymes, and intracellular proteins. Loss of adhesion within the myomatrix results in progressive muscle weakness. For many ECM muscular dystrophies, symptoms can occur any time after birth and often result in reduced life expectancy. There are no cures for the ECM-related muscular dystrophies and treatment options are limited to palliative care. Several therapeutic approaches have been explored to treat muscular dystrophies including gene therapy, gene editing, exon skipping, embryonic, and adult stem cell therapy, targeting genetic modifiers, modulating inflammatory responses, or preventing muscle degeneration. Recently, protein therapies that replace components of the defective myomatrix or enhance muscle and/or extracellular matrix integrity and function have been explored. Preclinical studies for many of these biologics have been promising in animal models of these muscle diseases. This review aims to summarize the ECM muscular dystrophies for which protein therapies are being developed and discuss the exciting potential and possible limitations of this approach for treating this family of devastating genetic muscle diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1519-1536, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam M Van Ry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Tatiana M Fontelonga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Pamela Barraza-Flores
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Apurva Sarathy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Andreia M Nunes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Ecologia, Evolucao e Alteracoes Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dean J Burkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
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22
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Injectable biomimetic liquid crystalline scaffolds enhance muscle stem cell transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7919-E7928. [PMID: 28874575 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708142114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells are a potent cell population dedicated to efficacious skeletal muscle regeneration, but their therapeutic utility is currently limited by mode of delivery. We developed a cell delivery strategy based on a supramolecular liquid crystal formed by peptide amphiphiles (PAs) that encapsulates cells and growth factors within a muscle-like unidirectionally ordered environment of nanofibers. The stiffness of the PA scaffolds, dependent on amino acid sequence, was found to determine the macroscopic degree of cell alignment templated by the nanofibers in vitro. Furthermore, these PA scaffolds support myogenic progenitor cell survival and proliferation and they can be optimized to induce cell differentiation and maturation. We engineered an in vivo delivery system to assemble scaffolds by injection of a PA solution that enabled coalignment of scaffold nanofibers with endogenous myofibers. These scaffolds locally retained growth factors, displayed degradation rates matching the time course of muscle tissue regeneration, and markedly enhanced the engraftment of muscle stem cells in injured and noninjured muscles in mice.
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23
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Jiwlawat S, Lynch E, Glaser J, Smit-Oistad I, Jeffrey J, Van Dyke JM, Suzuki M. Differentiation and sarcomere formation in skeletal myocytes directly prepared from human induced pluripotent stem cells using a sphere-based culture. Differentiation 2017; 96:70-81. [PMID: 28915407 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising resource for propagation of myogenic progenitors. Our group recently reported a unique protocol for the derivation of myogenic progenitors directly (without genetic modification) from human pluripotent cells using free-floating spherical culture. Here we expand our previous efforts and attempt to determine how differentiation duration, culture surface coatings, and nutrient supplements in the medium influence progenitor differentiation and formation of skeletal myotubes containing sarcomeric structures. A long differentiation period (over 6 weeks) promoted the differentiation of iPSC-derived myogenic progenitors and subsequent myotube formation. These iPSC-derived myotubes contained representative sarcomeric structures, consisting of organized myosin and actin filaments, and could spontaneously contract. We also found that a bioengineering approach using three-dimensional (3D) artificial muscle constructs could facilitate the formation of elongated myotubes. Lastly, we determined how culture surface coating matrices and different supplements would influence terminal differentiation. While both Matrigel and laminin coatings showed comparable effects on muscle differentiation, B27 serum-free supplement in the differentiation medium significantly enhanced myogenesis compared to horse serum. Our findings support the possibility to create an in vitro model of contractile sarcomeric myofibrils for disease modeling and drug screening to study neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowanee Jiwlawat
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eileen Lynch
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer Glaser
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ivy Smit-Oistad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy Jeffrey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan M Van Dyke
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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24
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Novel targeted therapies for cancer cachexia. Biochem J 2017; 474:2663-2678. [PMID: 28751550 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia and metabolic alterations are the main components of the cachectic syndrome. Glucose intolerance, fat depletion, muscle protein catabolism and other alterations are involved in the development of cancer cachexia, a multi-organ syndrome. Nutritional approach strategies are not satisfactory in reversing the cachectic syndrome. The aim of the present review is to deal with the recent therapeutic targeted approaches that have been designed to fight and counteract wasting in cancer patients. Indeed, some promising targeted therapeutic approaches include ghrelin agonists, selective androgen receptor agonists, β-blockers and antimyostatin peptides. However, a multi-targeted approach seems absolutely essential to treat patients affected by cancer cachexia. This approach should not only involve combinations of drugs but also nutrition and an adequate program of physical exercise, factors that may lead to a synergy, essential to overcome the syndrome. This may efficiently reverse the metabolic changes described above and, at the same time, ameliorate the anorexia. Defining this therapeutic combination of drugs/nutrients/exercise is an exciting project that will stimulate many scientific efforts. Other aspects that will, no doubt, be very important for successful treatment of cancer wasting will be an optimized design of future clinical trials, together with a protocol for staging cancer patients in relation to their degree of cachexia. This will permit that nutritional/metabolic/pharmacological support can be started early in the course of the disease, before severe weight loss occurs. Indeed, timing is crucial and has to be taken very seriously when applying the therapeutic approach.
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25
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Shehata AS, Al-Ghonemy NM, Ahmed SM, Mohamed SR. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells on induced skeletal muscle chemodenervation atrophy in adult male albino rats. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 85:135-148. [PMID: 28232107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) as a potential therapeutic tool for improvement of skeletal muscle recovery after induced chemodenervation atrophy by repeated local injection of botulinum toxin-A in the right tibialis anterior muscle of adult male albino rats. Forty five adult Wistar male albino rats were classified into control and experimental groups. Experimental group was further subdivided into 3 equal subgroups; induced atrophy, BM-MSCs treated and recovery groups. Biochemical analysis of serum LDH, CK and Real-time PCR for Bcl-2, caspase 3 and caspase 9 was measured. Skeletal muscle sections were stained with H and E, Mallory trichrome, and Immunohistochemical reaction for Bax and CD34. Improvement in the skeletal muscle histological structure was noticed in BM-MSCs treated group, however, in the recovery group, some sections showed apparent transverse striations and others still affected. Immunohistochemical reaction of Bax protein showed strong positive immunoreaction in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers in the induced atrophy group. BM-MSCs treated group showed weak positive reaction while the recovery group showed moderate reaction in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers. Immunohistochemical reaction for CD34 revealed occasional positive CD34 stained cells in the induced atrophy group. In BM-MSCs treated group, multiple positive CD34 stained cells were detected. However, recovery group showed some positive CD34 stained cells at the periphery of the muscle fibers. Marked improvement in the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscles after BM-MSCs therapy. Hence, stem cell therapy provides a new hope for patients suffering from myopathies and severe injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samah M Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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26
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Mitani Y, Vagnozzi RJ, Millay DP. In vivo myomaker-mediated heterologous fusion and nuclear reprogramming. FASEB J 2016; 31:400-411. [PMID: 27825107 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600945r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge regarding cellular fusion and nuclear reprogramming may aid in cell therapy strategies for skeletal muscle diseases. An issue with cell therapy approaches to restore dystrophin expression in muscular dystrophy is obtaining a sufficient quantity of cells that normally fuse with muscle. Here we conferred fusogenic activity without transdifferentiation to multiple non-muscle cell types and tested dystrophin restoration in mouse models of muscular dystrophy. We previously demonstrated that myomaker, a skeletal muscle-specific transmembrane protein necessary for myoblast fusion, is sufficient to fuse 10T 1/2 fibroblasts to myoblasts in vitro. Whether myomaker-mediated heterologous fusion is functional in vivo and whether the newly introduced nonmuscle nuclei undergoes nuclear reprogramming has not been investigated. We showed that mesenchymal stromal cells, cortical bone stem cells, and tail-tip fibroblasts fuse to skeletal muscle when they express myomaker. These cells restored dystrophin expression in a fraction of dystrophin-deficient myotubes after fusion in vitro. However, dystrophin restoration was not detected in vivo although nuclear reprogramming of the muscle-specific myosin light chain promoter did occur. Despite the lack of detectable dystrophin reprogramming by immunostaining, this study indicated that myomaker could be used in nonmuscle cells to induce fusion with muscle in vivo, thereby providing a platform to deliver therapeutic material.-Mitani, Y., Vagnozzi, R. J., Millay, D. P. In vivo myomaker-mediated heterologous fusion and nuclear reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Mitani
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald J Vagnozzi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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27
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Loncar G, Springer J, Anker M, Doehner W, Lainscak M. Cardiac cachexia: hic et nunc. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:246-60. [PMID: 27386168 PMCID: PMC4929818 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac cachexia (CC) is the clinical entity at the end of the chronic natural course of heart failure (HF). Despite the efforts, even the most recent definition of cardiac cachexia has been challenged, more precisely, the addition of new criteria on top of obligatory weight loss. The pathophysiology of CC is complex and multifactorial. A better understanding of pathophysiological pathways in body wasting will contribute to establish potentially novel treatment strategies. The complex biochemical network related with CC and HF pathophysiology underlines that a single biomarker cannot reflect all of the features of the disease. Biomarkers that could pick up the changes in body composition before they convey into clinical manifestations of CC would be of great importance. The development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against cachexia, sarcopenia, and wasting disorders is perceived as an urgent need by healthcare professionals. The treatment of body wasting remains an unresolved challenge to this day. As CC is a multifactorial disorder, it is unlikely that any single agent will be completely effective in treating this condition. Among all investigated therapeutic strategies, aerobic exercise training in HF patients is the most proved to counteract skeletal muscle wasting and is recommended by treatment guidelines for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Loncar
- Department of Cardiology Clinical Hospital Zvezdara Belgrade Serbia; School of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jochen Springer
- Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Göttingen Germany
| | - Markus Anker
- Department of Cardiology Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Research and Education General Hospital Celje Celje Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
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28
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Xu R, Singhal N, Serinagaoglu Y, Chandrasekharan K, Joshi M, Bauer JA, Janssen PML, Martin PT. Deletion of Galgt2 (B4Galnt2) reduces muscle growth in response to acute injury and increases muscle inflammation and pathology in dystrophin-deficient mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:2668-84. [PMID: 26435413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic overexpression of Galgt2 (official name B4Galnt2) in skeletal muscle stimulates the glycosylation of α dystroglycan (αDG) and the up-regulation of laminin α2 and dystrophin surrogates known to inhibit muscle pathology in mouse models of congenital muscular dystrophy 1A and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Skeletal muscle Galgt2 gene expression is also normally increased in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy compared with the wild-type mice. To assess whether this increased endogenous Galgt2 expression could affect disease, we quantified muscular dystrophy measures in mdx mice deleted for Galgt2 (Galgt2(-/-)mdx). Galgt2(-/-) mdx mice had increased heart and skeletal muscle pathology and inflammation, and also worsened cardiac function, relative to age-matched mdx mice. Deletion of Galgt2 in wild-type mice also slowed skeletal muscle growth in response to acute muscle injury. In each instance where Galgt2 expression was elevated (developing muscle, regenerating muscle, and dystrophic muscle), Galgt2-dependent glycosylation of αDG was also increased. Overexpression of Galgt2 failed to inhibit skeletal muscle pathology in dystroglycan-deficient muscles, in contrast to previous studies in dystrophin-deficient mdx muscles. This study demonstrates that Galgt2 gene expression and glycosylation of αDG are dynamically regulated in muscle and that endogenous Galgt2 gene expression can ameliorate the extent of muscle pathology, inflammation, and dysfunction in mdx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Neha Singhal
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yelda Serinagaoglu
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kumaran Chandrasekharan
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mandar Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - John A Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Paulus M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paul T Martin
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
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29
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Hughes D, Song B. Dental and Nondental Stem Cell Based Regeneration of the Craniofacial Region: A Tissue Based Approach. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8307195. [PMID: 27143979 PMCID: PMC4842076 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8307195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial reconstruction may be a necessary treatment for those who have been affected by trauma, disease, or pathological developmental conditions. The use of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering shows massive potential as a future treatment modality. Currently in the literature, there is a wide variety of published experimental studies utilising the different stem cell types available and the plethora of available scaffold materials. This review investigates different stem cell sources and their unique characteristics to suggest an ideal cell source for regeneration of individual craniofacial tissues. At present, understanding and clinical applications of stem cell therapy remain in their infancy with numerous challenges to overcome. In spite of this, the field displays immense capacity and will no doubt be utilised in future clinical treatments of craniofacial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Hughes
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Bing Song
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
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30
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Pizzute T, Lynch K, Pei M. Impact of tissue-specific stem cells on lineage-specific differentiation: a focus on the musculoskeletal system. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 11:119-32. [PMID: 25113801 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific stem cells are found throughout the body and, with proper intervention and environmental cues, these stem cells exercise their capabilities for differentiation into several lineages to form cartilage, bone, muscle, and adipose tissue in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, it has been widely demonstrated that they do not differentiate with the same efficacy during lineage-specific differentiation studies, as the tissue-specific stem cells are generally more effective when differentiating toward the tissues from which they were derived. This review focuses on four mesodermal lineages for tissue-specific stem cell differentiation: adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, myogenesis, and osteogenesis. It is intended to give insight into current multilineage differentiation and comparative research, highlight and contrast known trends regarding differentiation, and introduce supporting evidence which demonstrates particular tissue-specific stem cells' superiority in lineage-specific differentiation, along with their resident tissue origins and natural roles. In addition, some epigenetic and transcriptomic differences between stem cells which may explain the observed trends are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Pizzute
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
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31
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Orlandi D, Corazza A, Arcidiacono A, Messina C, Serafini G, Sconfienza LM, Silvestri E. Ultrasound-guided procedures to treat sport-related muscle injuries. Br J Radiol 2015; 89:20150484. [PMID: 26562097 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is well known as a low-cost, radiation-free and effective imaging technique to guide percutaneous procedures. The lower limb muscles represent a good target to perform such procedures under ultrasound guidance, thus allowing for clear and precise visualization of the needle during the whole procedure. The knowledge of guidelines and technical aspects is mandatory to act in the most safe and accurate way on target tissues that can be as small as a few millimetres. This review will focus above the local treatments of traumatic lower limb muscle injuries described in literature, focusing on new and promising approaches, such as platelet-rich plasma treatment of muscle tears in athletes. For each procedure, a brief how-to-do practical guide will be provided, emphasizing precautions and tricks based on day-by-day experience that may help to improve the outcome of percutaneous ultrasound-guided procedures around the lower limb muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Orlandi
- 1 Department of Radiology, Genoa University, Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Corazza
- 1 Department of Radiology, Genoa University, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Carmelo Messina
- 2 Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Serafini
- 3 Department of Radiology, Ospedale Santa Corona, Pietra Ligure, Savona, Italy
| | - Luca M Sconfienza
- 2 Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milano, Italy.,4 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Enzo Silvestri
- 5 Department of Radiology, Ospedale Evangelico Internazionale, Genoa, Italy
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32
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Sartiani L, Spinelli V, Laurino A, Blescia S, Raimondi L, Cerbai E, Mugelli A. Pharmacological perspectives in sarcopenia: a potential role for renin-angiotensin system blockers? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 12:135-8. [PMID: 26604938 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia represents a major health problem highly prevalent in elderly and age-related chronic diseases. Current pharmacological strategies available to prevent and reverse sarcopenia are largely unsatisfactory thus raising the need to identify novel targets for pharmacological intervention and possibly more effective and safe drugs. This review highlights the current knowledge of the potential benefits of renin-angiotensin system blockade in sarcopenia and discuss the main mechanisms underlying the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sartiani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Spinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annunziatina Laurino
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabrina Blescia
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mugelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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33
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Cardiac cachexia: hic et nunc: "hic et nunc" - here and now. Int J Cardiol 2015; 201:e1-12. [PMID: 26545926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cachexia (CC) is the clinical entity at the end of chronic natural course of heart failure (HF). Despite the efforts, even the most recent definition of cardiac cachexia has been challenged, more precisely the addition of new criteria on top of obligatory weight loss. The pathophysiology of CC is complex and multifactorial. Better understanding of pathophysiological pathways in body wasting will contribute to establish potentially novel treatment strategies. The complex biochemical network related with CC and HF pathophysiology underlines that a single biomarker cannot reflect all of the features of the disease. Biomarkers that could pick-up the changes in body composition before they convey into clinical manifestations of CC would be of great importance. The development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against cachexia, sarcopenia and wasting disorders is perceived as an urgent need by healthcare professionals. The treatment of body wasting remains an unresolved challenge to this day. As CC is a multifactorial disorder, it is unlikely that any single agent will be completely effective in treating this condition. Among all investigated therapeutic strategies, aerobic exercise training in HF patients is the most proved to counteract skeletal muscle wasting and is recommended by treatment guidelines for HF.
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34
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Isolation of skeletal muscle stem cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Nat Protoc 2015; 10:1612-24. [PMID: 26401916 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The prospective isolation of purified stem cell populations has dramatically altered the field of stem cell biology, and it has been a major focus of research across tissues in different organisms. Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are now among the most intensely studied stem cell populations in mammalian systems, and the prospective isolation of these cells has allowed cellular and molecular characterizations that were not dreamed of a decade ago. In this protocol, we describe how to isolate MuSCs from limb muscles of adult mice by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We provide a detailed description of the physical and enzymatic dissociation of mononucleated cells from limb muscles, a procedure that is essential in order to maximize cell yield. We also describe a FACS-based method that is used subsequently to obtain highly pure populations of either quiescent or activated MuSCs (VCAM(+)CD31(-)CD45(-)Sca1(-)). The isolation process takes ∼5-6 h to complete. The protocol also allows for the isolation of endothelial cells, hematopoietic cells and mesenchymal stem cells from muscle tissue.
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35
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Chal J, Oginuma M, Al Tanoury Z, Gobert B, Sumara O, Hick A, Bousson F, Zidouni Y, Mursch C, Moncuquet P, Tassy O, Vincent S, Miyanari A, Bera A, Garnier JM, Guevara G, Hestin M, Kennedy L, Hayashi S, Drayton B, Cherrier T, Gayraud-Morel B, Gussoni E, Relaix F, Tajbakhsh S, Pourquié O. Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to muscle fiber to model Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Biotechnol 2015; 33:962-9. [PMID: 26237517 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, skeletal muscles arise from somites, which derive from the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). Using PSM development as a guide, we establish conditions for the differentiation of monolayer cultures of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into PSM-like cells without the introduction of transgenes or cell sorting. We show that primary and secondary skeletal myogenesis can be recapitulated in vitro from the PSM-like cells, providing an efficient, serum-free protocol for the generation of striated, contractile fibers from mouse and human pluripotent cells. The mouse ES cells also differentiate into Pax7(+) cells with satellite cell characteristics, including the ability to form dystrophin(+) fibers when grafted into muscles of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Fibers derived from ES cells of mdx mice exhibit an abnormal branched phenotype resembling that described in vivo, thus providing an attractive model to study the origin of the pathological defects associated with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérome Chal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France.,Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masayuki Oginuma
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Ziad Al Tanoury
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Bénédicte Gobert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Olga Sumara
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Aurore Hick
- Anagenesis Biotechnologies, Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Fanny Bousson
- Anagenesis Biotechnologies, Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Yasmine Zidouni
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Caroline Mursch
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Philippe Moncuquet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Olivier Tassy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Stéphane Vincent
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Ayako Miyanari
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Agata Bera
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Jean-Marie Garnier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Getzabel Guevara
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie Hestin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leif Kennedy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Shinichiro Hayashi
- UPMC Paris 06, UMRS 787, INSERM, Avenir team, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Drayton
- UPMC Paris 06, UMRS 787, INSERM, Avenir team, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cherrier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | | | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Division of Genetics and Genomics Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- UPMC Paris 06, UMRS 787, INSERM, Avenir team, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Pourquié
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France.,Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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36
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A new cell-based assay to evaluate myogenesis in mouse myoblast C2C12 cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:171-81. [PMID: 26116467 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of the efficient screening system of detecting compounds that promote myogenesis and prevent muscle atrophy is important. Mouse C2C12 cells are widely used to evaluate myogenesis but the procedures of the assay are not simple and the quantification is not easy. We established C2C12 cells expressing the N-terminal green fluorescence protein (GFP) and the C-terminal GFP (GFP1-10 and GFP11 cells). GFP1-10 and GFP11 cells do not exhibit GFP signals until they are fused. The signal intensity correlates with the expression of myogenic markers and myofusion. Myogenesis-promoting reagents, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and β-guanidinopropionic acid (GPA), enhance the signals, whereas the poly-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-FMK, suppresses it. GFP signals are observed when myotubes formed by GFP1-10 cells are fused with single nuclear GFP11 cells, and enhanced by IGF1, GPA, and IBS008738, a recently-reported myogenesis-promoting reagent. Fusion between myotubes formed by GFP1-10 and GFP11 cells is associated with the appearance of GFP signals. IGF1 and GPA augment these signals, whereas NSC23766, Rac inhibitor, decreases them. The conditioned medium of cancer cells suppresses GFP signals during myogenesis and reduces the width of GFP-positive myotubes after differentiation. Thus the novel split GFP-based assay will provide the useful method for the study of myogenesis, myofusion, and atrophy.
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37
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Sciorati C, Clementi E, Manfredi AA, Rovere-Querini P. Fat deposition and accumulation in the damaged and inflamed skeletal muscle: cellular and molecular players. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2135-56. [PMID: 25854633 PMCID: PMC11113943 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle has the capacity to repair damage by the activation and differentiation of fiber sub-laminar satellite cells. Regeneration impairment due to reduced satellite cells number and/or functional capacity leads to fiber substitution with ectopic tissues including fat and fibrous tissue and to the loss of muscle functions. Muscle mesenchymal cells that in physiological conditions sustain or directly contribute to regeneration differentiate in adipocytes in patients with persistent damage and inflammation of the skeletal muscle. These cells comprise the fibro-adipogenic precursors, the PW1-expressing cells and some interstitial cells associated with vessels (pericytes, mesoangioblasts and myoendothelial cells). Resident fibroblasts that are responsible for collagen deposition and extracellular matrix remodeling during regeneration yield fibrotic tissue and can differentiate into adipose cells. Some authors have also proposed that satellite cells themselves could transdifferentiate into adipocytes, although recent results by lineage tracing techniques seem to put this theory to discussion. This review summarizes findings about muscle resident mesenchymal cell differentiation in adipocytes and recapitulates the molecular mediators involved in intramuscular adipose tissue deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sciorati
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy,
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38
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McCullagh KJA, Perlingeiro RCR. Coaxing stem cells for skeletal muscle repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:198-207. [PMID: 25049085 PMCID: PMC4295015 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a tremendous ability to regenerate, attributed to a well-defined population of muscle stem cells called satellite cells. However, this ability to regenerate diminishes with age and can also be dramatically affected by multiple types of muscle diseases, or injury. Extrinsic and/or intrinsic defects in the regulation of satellite cells are considered to be major determinants for the diminished regenerative capacity. Maintenance and replenishment of the satellite cell pool is one focus for muscle regenerative medicine, which will be discussed. There are other sources of progenitor cells with myogenic capacity, which may also support skeletal muscle repair. However, all of these myogenic cell populations have inherent difficulties and challenges in maintaining or coaxing their derivation for therapeutic purpose. This review will highlight recent reported attributes of these cells and new bioengineering approaches to creating a supply of myogenic stem cells or implants applicable for acute and/or chronic muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J A McCullagh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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39
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Singhal N, Martin PT. A role for Galgt1 in skeletal muscle regeneration. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:3. [PMID: 25699169 PMCID: PMC4333175 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-014-0028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell surface glycans are known to play vital roles in muscle membrane stability and muscle disease, but to date, roles for glycans in muscle regeneration have been less well understood. Here, we describe a role for complex gangliosides synthesized by the Galgt1 gene in muscle regeneration. METHODS Cardiotoxin-injected wild type (WT) and Galgt1 (-/-) muscles, and mdx and Galgt1 (-/-) mdx muscles, were used to study regeneration in response to acute and chronic injury, respectively. Muscle tissue was analyzed at various time points for morphometric measurements and for gene expression changes in satellite cell and muscle differentiation markers by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Primary cell cultures were used to measure growth rate and myotube formation and to identify Galgt1 expression changes after cardiotoxin by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Primary cell culture and tissue sections were also used to quantify satellite cell apoptosis. RESULTS A query of a microarray data set of cardiotoxin-induced mouse muscle gene expression changes identified Galgt1 as the most upregulated glycosylation gene immediately after muscle injury. This was validated by qRT-PCR as a 23-fold upregulation in Galgt1 expression 1 day after cardiotoxin administration and a 16-fold upregulation in 6-week-old mdx muscles. These changes correlated with increased expression of Galgt1 protein and GM1 ganglioside in mononuclear muscle cells. In the absence of Galgt1, cardiotoxin-induced injury led to significantly reduced myofiber diameters after 14 and 28 days of regeneration. Myofiber diameters were also significantly reduced in Galgt1-deficient mdx mice compared to age-matched mdx controls, and this was coupled with a significant increase in the loss of muscle tissue. Cardiotoxin-injected Galgt1 (-/-) muscles showed reduced gene expression of the satellite cell marker Pax7 and increased expression of myoblast markers MyoD, Myf5, and Myogenin after injury along with a tenfold increase in apoptosis of Pax7-positive muscle cells. Cultured primary Galgt1 (-/-) muscle cells showed a normal growth rate but demonstrated premature fusion into myofibers, resulting in an overall impairment of myofiber formation coupled with a threefold increase in muscle cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These experiments demonstrate a role for Galgt1 in skeletal muscle regeneration and suggest that complex gangliosides made by Galgt1 modulate the survival and differentiation of satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singhal
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
| | - Paul T Martin
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA ; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
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Fox IJ, Daley GQ, Goldman SA, Huard J, Kamp TJ, Trucco M. Stem cell therapy. Use of differentiated pluripotent stem cells as replacement therapy for treating disease. Science 2014; 345:1247391. [PMID: 25146295 PMCID: PMC4329726 DOI: 10.1126/science.1247391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) directed to various cell fates holds promise as source material for treating numerous disorders. The availability of precisely differentiated PSC-derived cells will dramatically affect blood component and hematopoietic stem cell therapies and should facilitate treatment of diabetes, some forms of liver disease and neurologic disorders, retinal diseases, and possibly heart disease. Although an unlimited supply of specific cell types is needed, other barriers must be overcome. This review of the state of cell therapies highlights important challenges. Successful cell transplantation will require optimizing the best cell type and site for engraftment, overcoming limitations to cell migration and tissue integration, and occasionally needing to control immunologic reactivity, as well as a number of other challenges. Collaboration among scientists, clinicians, and industry is critical for generating new stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira J Fox
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - George Q Daley
- Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Division of Immunogenetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Berardi E, Annibali D, Cassano M, Crippa S, Sampaolesi M. Molecular and cell-based therapies for muscle degenerations: a road under construction. Front Physiol 2014; 5:119. [PMID: 24782779 PMCID: PMC3986550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances achieved in understanding the molecular biology of muscle cells in the past decades, there is still need for effective treatments of muscular degeneration caused by muscular dystrophies and for counteracting the muscle wasting caused by cachexia or sarcopenia. The corticosteroid medications currently in use for dystrophic patients merely help to control the inflammatory state and only slightly delay the progression of the disease. Unfortunately, walkers and wheel chairs are the only options for such patients to maintain independence and walking capabilities until the respiratory muscles become weak and the mechanical ventilation is needed. On the other hand, myostatin inhibition, IL-6 antagonism and synthetic ghrelin administration are examples of promising treatments in cachexia animal models. In both dystrophies and cachectic syndrome the muscular degeneration is extremely relevant and the translational therapeutic attempts to find a possible cure are well defined. In particular, molecular-based therapies are common options to be explored in order to exploit beneficial treatments for cachexia, while gene/cell therapies are mostly used in the attempt to induce a substantial improvement of the dystrophic muscular phenotype. This review focuses on the description of the use of molecular administrations and gene/stem cell therapy to treat muscular degenerations. It reviews previous trials using cell delivery protocols in mice and patients starting with the use of donor myoblasts, outlining the likely causes for their poor results and briefly focusing on satellite cell studies that raise new hope. Then it proceeds to describe recently identified stem/progenitor cells, including pluripotent stem cells and in relationship to their ability to home within a dystrophic muscle and to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells. Different known features of various stem cells are compared in this perspective, and the few available examples of their use in animal models of muscular degeneration are reported. Since non coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are emerging as prominent players in the regulation of stem cell fates we also provides an outline of the role of microRNAs in the control of myogenic commitment. Finally, based on our current knowledge and the rapid advance in stem cell biology, a prediction of clinical translation for cell therapy protocols combined with molecular treatments is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Berardi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Department of Development and Reproduction, KUL University of Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Interuniversity Institute of Myology Italy
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Proliferation, Vesalius Research Center, Vlaamse Institute voor Biotechnologie Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Cassano
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology Italy ; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Crippa
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology Italy ; Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Department of Development and Reproduction, KUL University of Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Interuniversity Institute of Myology Italy ; Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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