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Jiao Q, Xiang L, Chen Y. Mitochondrial transplantation: A promising therapy for mitochondrial disorders. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124194. [PMID: 38703929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
As a vital energy source for cellular metabolism and tissue survival, the mitochondrion can undergo morphological or positional change and even shuttle between cells in response to various stimuli and energy demands. Multiple human diseases are originated from mitochondrial dysfunction, but the curative succusses by traditional treatments are limited. Mitochondrial transplantation therapy (MTT) is an innovative therapeutic approach that is to deliver the healthy mitochondria either derived from normal cells or reassembled through synthetic biology into the cells and tissues suffering from mitochondrial damages and finally replace their defective mitochondria and restore their function. MTT has already been under investigation in clinical trials for cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury and given an encouraging performance in animal models of numerous fatal critical diseases including central nervous system disorders, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory conditions, cancer, renal injury, and pulmonary damage. This review article summarizes the mechanisms and strategies of mitochondrial transfer and the MTT application for types of mitochondrial diseases, and discusses the potential challenge in MTT clinical application, aiming to exhibit the good therapeutic prospects of MTTs in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China; Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China.
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2
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Zong Y, Li H, Liao P, Chen L, Pan Y, Zheng Y, Zhang C, Liu D, Zheng M, Gao J. Mitochondrial dysfunction: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:124. [PMID: 38744846 PMCID: PMC11094169 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, with their intricate networks of functions and information processing, are pivotal in both health regulation and disease progression. Particularly, mitochondrial dysfunctions are identified in many common pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. However, the multifaceted nature and elusive phenotypic threshold of mitochondrial dysfunction complicate our understanding of their contributions to diseases. Nonetheless, these complexities do not prevent mitochondria from being among the most important therapeutic targets. In recent years, strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have continuously emerged and transitioned to clinical trials. Advanced intervention such as using healthy mitochondria to replenish or replace damaged mitochondria, has shown promise in preclinical trials of various diseases. Mitochondrial components, including mtDNA, mitochondria-located microRNA, and associated proteins can be potential therapeutic agents to augment mitochondrial function in immunometabolic diseases and tissue injuries. Here, we review current knowledge of mitochondrial pathophysiology in concrete examples of common diseases. We also summarize current strategies to treat mitochondrial dysfunction from the perspective of dietary supplements and targeted therapies, as well as the clinical translational situation of related pharmacology agents. Finally, this review discusses the innovations and potential applications of mitochondrial transplantation as an advanced and promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yongqiang Zheng
- Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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3
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Lin RZ, Im GB, Luo AC, Zhu Y, Hong X, Neumeyer J, Tang HW, Perrimon N, Melero-Martin JM. Mitochondrial transfer mediates endothelial cell engraftment through mitophagy. Nature 2024; 629:660-668. [PMID: 38693258 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Ischaemic diseases such as critical limb ischaemia and myocardial infarction affect millions of people worldwide1. Transplanting endothelial cells (ECs) is a promising therapy in vascular medicine, but engrafting ECs typically necessitates co-transplanting perivascular supporting cells such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which makes clinical implementation complicated2,3. The mechanisms that enable MSCs to facilitate EC engraftment remain elusive. Here we show that, under cellular stress, MSCs transfer mitochondria to ECs through tunnelling nanotubes, and that blocking this transfer impairs EC engraftment. We devised a strategy to artificially transplant mitochondria, transiently enhancing EC bioenergetics and enabling them to form functional vessels in ischaemic tissues without the support of MSCs. Notably, exogenous mitochondria did not integrate into the endogenous EC mitochondrial pool, but triggered mitophagy after internalization. Transplanted mitochondria co-localized with autophagosomes, and ablation of the PINK1-Parkin pathway negated the enhanced engraftment ability of ECs. Our findings reveal a mechanism that underlies the effects of mitochondrial transfer between mesenchymal and endothelial cells, and offer potential for a new approach for vascular cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Zeng Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gwang-Bum Im
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allen Chilun Luo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yonglin Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuechong Hong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Neumeyer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Tang
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Song N, Mei S, Wang X, Hu G, Lu M. Focusing on mitochondria in the brain: from biology to therapeutics. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:23. [PMID: 38632601 PMCID: PMC11022390 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have multiple functions such as supplying energy, regulating the redox status, and producing proteins encoded by an independent genome. They are closely related to the physiology and pathology of many organs and tissues, among which the brain is particularly prominent. The brain demands 20% of the resting metabolic rate and holds highly active mitochondrial activities. Considerable research shows that mitochondria are closely related to brain function, while mitochondrial defects induce or exacerbate pathology in the brain. In this review, we provide comprehensive research advances of mitochondrial biology involved in brain functions, as well as the mitochondria-dependent cellular events in brain physiology and pathology. Furthermore, various perspectives are explored to better identify the mitochondrial roles in neurological diseases and the neurophenotypes of mitochondrial diseases. Finally, mitochondrial therapies are discussed. Mitochondrial-targeting therapeutics are showing great potentials in the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanshan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuyuan Mei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiangxu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
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Su XM, Zhang DS, Zhang N. Chrysophanol accelerates astrocytic mitochondria transfer to neurons and attenuates the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149712. [PMID: 38408414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes transfer extracellular functional mitochondria into neurons to rescue injured neurons after a stroke. However, there are no reports on drugs that interfere with intercellular mitochondrial transfer. Chrysophanol (CHR) was an effective drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) and was selected as the test drug. The oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model and the middle cerebral artery occlusion animal model were established to investigate the effect of CHR on CIRI. The result showed that astrocytes could act as mitochondrial donors to ameliorate neuronal injury. Additionally, the neuroprotective effect of astrocytes was enhanced by CHR, the CHR improved the neuronal mitochondrial function, decreased the neurological deficit score and infarction volume, recovered cell morphology in ischemic penumbra. The mitochondrial fluorescence probe labeling technique has shown that the protective effect of CHR is associated with accelerated astrocytic mitochondrial transfer to neurons. The intercellular mitochondrial transfer may be an important way to ameliorate ischemic brain injury and be used as a key target for drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Dan-Shen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China; College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26, Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050018, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89, Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050030, China.
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Liu S, Wang Y, Yang H, Tan J, Zhang J, Zi D. Pyrroloquinoline quinone promotes human mesenchymal stem cell-derived mitochondria to improve premature ovarian insufficiency in mice through the SIRT1/ATM/p53 pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:97. [PMID: 38581065 PMCID: PMC10998350 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage and oxidative stress induced by chemotherapy are important factors in the onset of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Studies have shown that mitochondria derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Mito) are beneficial for age-related diseases, but their efficacy alone is limited. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a potent antioxidant with significant antiaging and fertility enhancement effects. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of MSC-Mito in combination with PQQ on POI and the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS A POI animal model was established in C57BL/6J mice by cyclophosphamide and busulfan. The effects of MSC-Mito and PQQ administration on the estrous cycle, ovarian pathological damage, sex hormone secretion, and oxidative stress in mice were evaluated using methods such as vaginal smears and ELISAs. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and ATM/p53 pathway proteins in ovarian tissues. A cell model was constructed using KGN cells treated with phosphoramide mustard to investigate DNA damage and apoptosis through comet assays and flow cytometry. SIRT1 siRNA was transfected into KGN cells to further explore the role of the SIRT1/ATM/p53 pathway in combination therapy with MSC-Mito and PQQ for POI. RESULTS The combined treatment of MSC-Mito and PQQ significantly restored ovarian function and antioxidant capacity in mice with POI. This treatment also reduced the loss of follicles at various stages, improving the disrupted estrous cycle. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PQQ facilitated the proliferation of MitoTracker-labelled MSC-Mito, synergistically restoring mitochondrial function and inhibiting oxidative stress in combination with MSC-Mito. Both in vivo and in vitro, the combination of MSC-Mito and PQQ increased mitochondrial biogenesis mediated by SIRT1 and PGC-1α while inhibiting the activation of ATM and p53, consequently reducing DNA damage-mediated cell apoptosis. Furthermore, pretreatment of KGN cells with SIRT1 siRNA reversed nearly all the aforementioned changes induced by the combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our research findings indicate that PQQ facilitates MSC-Mito proliferation and, in combination with MSC-Mito, ameliorates chemotherapy-induced POI through the SIRT1/ATM/p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Liu
- GuiZhou University Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Yuanmei Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Hanlin Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jingkaiwen Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Dan Zi
- Department of Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
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Neikirk K, Stephens DC, Beasley HK, Marshall AG, Gaddy JA, Damo SM, Hinton AO. Considerations for developing mitochondrial transplantation techniques for individualized medicine. Biotechniques 2024; 76:125-134. [PMID: 38420889 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tweetable abstract Mitochondrial transplantation has been used to treat various diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we highlight the considerations in quality control mechanisms that should be considered in the context of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dominique C Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Antentor O Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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8
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Chang JC, Chang HS, Chao YC, Huang CS, Lin CH, Wu ZS, Chang HJ, Liu CS, Chuang CS. Formoterol Acting via β2-Adrenoreceptor Restores Mitochondrial Dysfunction Caused by Parkinson's Disease-Related UQCRC1 Mutation and Improves Mitochondrial Homeostasis Including Dynamic and Transport. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:231. [PMID: 38666843 PMCID: PMC11048601 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Formoterol, a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist, shows promise in various diseases, but its effectiveness in Parkinson's disease (PD) is debated, with unclear regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. This study employed a cell model featuring mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) variants associated with familial parkinsonism, demonstrating mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamic imbalance, exploring the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of formoterol. Results revealed that 24-h formoterol treatment enhanced cell proliferation, viability, and neuroprotection against oxidative stress. Mitochondrial function, encompassing DNA copy number, repatriation, and complex III-linked respiration, was comprehensively restored, along with the dynamic rebalance of fusion/fission events. Formoterol reduced extensive hypertubulation, in contrast to mitophagy, by significantly upregulating protein Drp-1, in contrast to fusion protein Mfn2, mitophagy-related protein Parkin. The upstream mechanism involved the restoration of ERK signaling and the inhibition of Akt overactivity, contingent on the activation of β2-adrenergic receptors. Formoterol additionally aided in segregating healthy mitochondria for distribution and transport, therefore normalizing mitochondrial arrangement in mutant cells. This study provides preliminary evidence that formoterol offers neuroprotection, acting as a mitochondrial dynamic balance regulator, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chih Chang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Shin Chang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chao
- Inflammation Research & Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Huang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Zhong-Sheng Wu
- Department of General Research Laboratory of Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Chang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Sen Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
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Maia JRLCB, Machado LKA, Fernandes GG, Vitorino LC, Antônio LS, Araújo SMB, Colodeti LC, Fontes-Dantas FL, Zeidler JD, Saraiva GN, Da Poian AT, Figueiredo CP, Passos GF, da Costa R. Mitotherapy prevents peripheral neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin in mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 245:109828. [PMID: 38158014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OXA) is an antineoplastic agent used for the treatment of cisplatin-resistant tumours, presenting lower incidence of nephrotoxicity and myelotoxicity than other platinum-based drugs. However, OXA treatment is highly associated with painful peripheral neuropathy, a well-known and relevant side effect caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. The transfer of functional exogenous mitochondria (mitotherapy) is a promising therapeutic strategy for mitochondrial diseases. We investigated the effect of mitotherapy on oxaliplatin-induced painful peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) in male mice. OIPN was induced by i.p. injections of oxaliplatin (3 mg/kg) over 5 consecutive days. Mechanical (von Frey test) and cold (acetone drop test) allodynia were evaluated between 7 and 17 days after the first OXA treatment. Mitochondria was isolated from donor mouse livers and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was assessed with high resolution respirometry. After confirming that the isolated mitochondria were functional, the organelles were administered at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg of mitochondrial protein on days 1, 3 and 5. Treatment with OXA caused both mechanical and cold allodynia in mice that were significant 7 days after the initial injection of OXA and persisted for up to 17 days. Mitotherapy significantly prevented the development of both sensory alterations, and attenuated body weight loss induced by OXA. Mitotherapy also prevented spinal cord ERK1/2 activation, microgliosis and the increase in TLR4 mRNA levels. Mitotherapy prevented OIPN by inhibiting neuroinflammation and the consequent cellular overactivity in the spinal cord, presenting a potential therapeutic strategy for pain management in oncologic patients undergoing OXA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R L C B Maia
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Loreena K A Machado
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G Fernandes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Louise C Vitorino
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Antônio
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suzana Maria B Araújo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lilian C Colodeti
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia L Fontes-Dantas
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julianna D Zeidler
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Georgia N Saraiva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Da Poian
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia P Figueiredo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Giselle F Passos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Robson da Costa
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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10
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Tripathi K, Ben-Shachar D. Mitochondria in the Central Nervous System in Health and Disease: The Puzzle of the Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondrial Transplantation. Cells 2024; 13:410. [PMID: 38474374 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the energy suppliers of the cells, play a central role in a variety of cellular processes essential for survival or leading to cell death. Consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in numerous general and CNS disorders. The clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction include metabolic disorders, dysfunction of the immune system, tumorigenesis, and neuronal and behavioral abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial role in the CNS, which has unique characteristics and is therefore highly dependent on the mitochondria. First, we review the role of mitochondria in neuronal development, synaptogenesis, plasticity, and behavior as well as their adaptation to the intricate connections between the different cell types in the brain. Then, we review the sparse knowledge of the mechanisms of exogenous mitochondrial uptake and describe attempts to determine their half-life and transplantation long-term effects on neuronal sprouting, cellular proteome, and behavior. We further discuss the potential of mitochondrial transplantation to serve as a tool to study the causal link between mitochondria and neuronal activity and behavior. Next, we describe mitochondrial transplantation's therapeutic potential in various CNS disorders. Finally, we discuss the basic and reverse-translation challenges of this approach that currently hinder the clinical use of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Tripathi
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
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11
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Zheng Q, Liu H, Gao Y, Cao G, Wang Y, Li Z. Ameliorating Mitochondrial Dysfunction for the Therapy of Parkinson's Disease. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311571. [PMID: 38385823 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently the second most incurable central neurodegenerative disease resulting from various pathogenesis. As the "energy factory" of cells, mitochondria play an extremely important role in supporting neuronal signal transmission and other physiological activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction can cause and accelerate the occurrence and progression of PD. How to effectively prevent and suppress mitochondrial disorders is a key strategy for the treatment of PD from the root. Therefore, the emerging mitochondria-targeted therapy has attracted considerable interest. Herein, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and PD, the causes and results of mitochondrial dysfunction, and major strategies for ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction to treat PD are systematically reviewed. The study also prospects the main challenges for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zheng
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development and College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yifan Gao
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guozhi Cao
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yusong Wang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
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12
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Javadpour P, Abbaszadeh F, Ahmadiani A, Rezaei M, Ghasemi R. Mitochondrial Transportation, Transplantation, and Subsequent Immune Response in Alzheimer's Disease: An Update. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04009-7. [PMID: 38368286 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment and a progressive decline in cognitive function. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as an important contributor to the development of AD, leading to oxidative stress and energy deficits within the brain. While current treatments for AD aim to alleviate symptoms, there is an urgent need to target the underlying mechanisms. The emerging field of mitotherapy, which involves the transplantation of healthy mitochondria into damaged cells, has gained substantial attention and has shown promising results. However, research in the context of AD remains limited, necessitating further investigations. In this review, we summarize the mitochondrial pathways that contribute to the progression of AD. Additionally, we discuss mitochondrial transfer among brain cells and mitotherapy, with a focus on different administration routes, various sources of mitochondria, and potential modifications to enhance transplantation efficacy. Finally, we review the limited available evidence regarding the immune system's response to mitochondrial transplantation in damaged brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Javadpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Suh J, Lee YS. Mitochondria as secretory organelles and therapeutic cargos. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:66-85. [PMID: 38172601 PMCID: PMC10834547 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have been primarily considered intracellular organelles that are responsible for generating energy for cell survival. However, accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondria are secreted into the extracellular space under physiological and pathological conditions, and these secreted mitochondria play diverse roles by regulating metabolism, the immune response, or the differentiation/maturation in target cells. Furthermore, increasing amount of research shows the therapeutic effects of local or systemic administration of mitochondria in various disease models. These findings have led to growing interest in exploring mitochondria as potential therapeutic agents. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of mitochondria as extracellularly secreted organelles to shed light on their functions beyond energy production. Additionally, we provide information on therapeutic outcomes of mitochondrial transplantation in animal models of diseases and an update on ongoing clinical trials, underscoring the potential of using mitochondria as a novel therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonho Suh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Li Y, Berliocchi L, Li Z, Rasmussen LJ. Interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and other hallmarks of aging: Paving a path toward interventions that promote healthy old age. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13942. [PMID: 37497653 PMCID: PMC10776122 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research on human aging has largely been guided by the milestone paper "hallmarks of aging," which were first proposed in the seminal 2013 paper by Lopez-Otin et al. Most studies have focused on one aging hallmark at a time, asking whether the underlying molecular perturbations are sufficient to drive the aging process and its associated phenotypes. More recently, researchers have begun to investigate whether aging phenotypes are driven by concurrent perturbations in molecular pathways linked to not one but to multiple hallmarks of aging and whether they present different patterns in organs and systems over time. Indeed, preliminary results suggest that more complex interactions between aging hallmarks must be considered and addressed, if we are to develop interventions that successfully promote healthy aging and/or delay aging-associated dysfunction and diseases. Here, we summarize some of the latest work and views on the interplay between hallmarks of aging, with a specific focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Indeed, this represents a significant example of the complex crosstalk between hallmarks of aging and of the effects that an intervention targeted to a specific hallmark may have on the others. A better knowledge of these interconnections, of their cause-effect relationships, of their spatial and temporal sequence, will be very beneficial for the whole aging research field and for the identification of effective interventions in promoting healthy old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Laura Berliocchi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity Magna Græcia of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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15
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Baker ZN, Forny P, Pagliarini DJ. Mitochondrial proteome research: the road ahead. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:65-82. [PMID: 37773518 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles with key roles in anabolic and catabolic metabolism, bioenergetics, cellular signalling and nutrient sensing, and programmed cell death processes. Their diverse functions are enabled by a sophisticated set of protein components encoded by the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The extent and complexity of the mitochondrial proteome remained unclear for decades. This began to change 20 years ago when, driven by the emergence of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the first draft mitochondrial proteomes were established. In the ensuing decades, further technological and computational advances helped to refine these 'maps', with current estimates of the core mammalian mitochondrial proteome ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 proteins. The creation of these compendia provided a systemic view of an organelle previously studied primarily in a reductionist fashion and has accelerated both basic scientific discovery and the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Yet numerous challenges remain in understanding mitochondrial biology and translating this knowledge into the medical context. In this Roadmap, we propose a path forward for refining the mitochondrial protein map to enhance its discovery and therapeutic potential. We discuss how emerging technologies can assist the detection of new mitochondrial proteins, reveal their patterns of expression across diverse tissues and cell types, and provide key information on proteoforms. We highlight the power of an enhanced map for systematically defining the functions of its members. Finally, we examine the utility of an expanded, functionally annotated mitochondrial proteome in a translational setting for aiding both diagnosis of mitochondrial disease and targeting of mitochondria for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakery N Baker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Forny
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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16
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Wu DP, Wei YS, Du YX, Liu LL, Yan QQ, Zhao YD, Yu C, Liu JY, Zhong ZG, Huang JL. Ameliorative Role of Mitochondrial Therapy in Cognitive Function of Vascular Dementia Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1381-1392. [PMID: 38250768 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in the progression of vascular dementia (VaD). We hypothesized that transfer of exogenous mitochondria might be a beneficial strategy for VaD treatment. OBJECTIVE The study was aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial therapy in cognitive function of VaD. METHODS The activity and integrity of isolated mitochondria were detected using MitoTracker and Janus Green B staining assays. After VaD mice were intravenously injected with exogenous mitochondria, Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to detect cognitive function of VaD mice. Haematoxylin and eosin, Nissl, TUNEL, and Golgi staining assays were utilized to measure neuronal and synaptic injury in the hippocampus of VaD mice. Detection kits were performed to detect mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), SOD activity and the levels of ATP, ROS, and MDA in the brains of VaD mice. RESULTS The results showed that isolated mitochondria were intact and active. Mitochondrial therapy could ameliorate cognitive performance of VaD mice. Additionally, mitochondrial administration could attenuate hippocampal neuronal and synaptic injury, improve mitochondrial ΔΨ, ATP level and SOD activity, and reduce ROS and MDA levels in the brains of VaD mice. CONCLUSIONS The study reports profitable effect of mitochondrial therapy against cognitive impairment of VaD, making mitochondrial treatment become a promising therapeutic strategy for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Pan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Ruihu Health Management Consulting Co., Ltd, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Su Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Ling Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiu-Qing Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-Dan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Zhong
- Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jin-Lan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Ruihu Health Management Consulting Co., Ltd, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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17
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McCully JD, del Nido PJ, Emani SM. Mitochondrial transplantation: the advance to therapeutic application and molecular modulation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1268814. [PMID: 38162128 PMCID: PMC10757322 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1268814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation provides a novel methodology for rescue of cell viability and cell function following ischemia-reperfusion injury and applications for other pathologies are expanding. In this review we present our methods and acquired data and evidence accumulated to support the use of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pedro J. del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sitaram M. Emani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Choong CJ, Mochizuki H. Involvement of Mitochondria in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17027. [PMID: 38069350 PMCID: PMC10707101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysregulation, such as mitochondrial complex I deficiency, increased oxidative stress, perturbation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Initiating from the observation that mitochondrial toxins cause PD-like symptoms and mitochondrial DNA mutations are associated with increased risk of PD, many mutated genes linked to familial forms of PD, including PRKN, PINK1, DJ-1 and SNCA, have also been found to affect the mitochondrial features. Recent research has uncovered a much more complex involvement of mitochondria in PD. Disruption of mitochondrial quality control coupled with abnormal secretion of mitochondrial contents to dispose damaged organelles may play a role in the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, due to its bacterial ancestry, circulating mitochondrial DNAs can function as damage-associated molecular patterns eliciting inflammatory response. In this review, we summarize and discuss the connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and PD, highlighting the molecular triggers of the disease process, the intra- and extracellular roles of mitochondria in PD as well as the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
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19
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Alshial EE, Abdulghaney MI, Wadan AHS, Abdellatif MA, Ramadan NE, Suleiman AM, Waheed N, Abdellatif M, Mohammed HS. Mitochondrial dysfunction and neurological disorders: A narrative review and treatment overview. Life Sci 2023; 334:122257. [PMID: 37949207 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a vital role in the nervous system, as they are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP and regulating cellular processes such as calcium (Ca2+) signaling and apoptosis. However, mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and cell death, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. In this article, we review the main functions of mitochondria in the nervous system and explore the mechanisms related to mitochondrial dysfunction. We discuss the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development and progression of some neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, and epilepsy. Finally, we provide an overview of various current treatment strategies that target mitochondrial dysfunction, including pharmacological treatments, phototherapy, gene therapy, and mitotherapy. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding the role of mitochondria in the nervous system and highlights the potential for mitochondrial-targeted therapies in the treatment of neurological disorders. Furthermore, it highlights some limitations and challenges encountered by the current therapeutic strategies and puts them in future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman E Alshial
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Al Buhayrah, Egypt
| | | | - Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish, North Sinai, Egypt
| | | | - Nada E Ramadan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Gharbia, Egypt
| | | | - Nahla Waheed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | - Haitham S Mohammed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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20
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Yuzefovych LV, Pastukh VM, Mulekar MS, Ledbetter K, Richards WO, Rachek LI. Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Plasma Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA, Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Changes in Obese Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2514. [PMID: 37760955 PMCID: PMC10526219 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While improvement of mitochondrial function after bariatric surgery has been demonstrated, there is limited evidence about the effects of bariatric surgery on circulatory cell-free (cf) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and intracellular mtDNA abundance. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells were isolated from healthy controls (HC) and bariatric surgery patients before surgery and 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. At baseline, the plasma level of short cf-mtDNA (ND6, ~100 bp) fragments was significantly higher in obese patients compared to HC. But there was no significant variation in mean ND6 values post-surgery. A significant positive correlation was observed between preop plasma ND6 levels and HgbA1c, ND6 and HOMA-IR 2 weeks post-surgery, and mtDNA content 6 months post-surgery. Interestingly, plasma from both HC and obese groups at all time points post-surgery contains long (~8 kb) cf-mtDNA fragments, suggesting the presence of near-intact and/or whole mitochondrial genomes. No significant variation was observed in mtDNA content post-surgery compared to baseline data in both PBM and skeletal muscle samples. Overall, bariatric surgery improved insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters without significant changes in plasma short cf-mtDNA levels or cellular mtDNA content. Our study provides novel insights about possible molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery and suggests the development of new generalized approaches to characterize cf-mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa V. Yuzefovych
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (L.V.Y.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Viktor M. Pastukh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (L.V.Y.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Madhuri S. Mulekar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Art and Science, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA;
| | - Kate Ledbetter
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (K.L.); (W.O.R.)
| | - William O. Richards
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (K.L.); (W.O.R.)
| | - Lyudmila I. Rachek
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (L.V.Y.); (V.M.P.)
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21
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Kim JS, Lee S, Kim WK, Han BS. Mitochondrial transplantation: an overview of a promising therapeutic approach. BMB Rep 2023; 56:488-495. [PMID: 37679296 PMCID: PMC10547968 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA, as well as several metabolic and neurological disorders. Animal studies have shown that mitochondrial transplantation can improve cellular energy metabolism, restore mitochondrial function, and prevent cell death. However, challenges need to be addressed, such as the delivery of functional mitochondria to the correct cells in the body, and the long-term stability and function of the transplanted mitochondria. Researchers are exploring new methods for mitochondrial transplantation, including the use of nanoparticles or CRISPR gene editing. Mechanisms underlying the integration and function of transplanted mitochondria are complex and not fully understood, but research has revealed some key factors that play a role. While the safety and efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation have been investigated in animal models and human trials, more research is needed to optimize delivery methods and evaluate long-term safety and efficacy. Clinical trials using mitochondrial transplantation have shown mixed results, highlighting the need for further research in this area. In conclusion, although mitochondrial transplantation holds significant potential for the treatment of various diseases, more work is needed to overcome challenges and evaluate its safety and efficacy in human trials. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(9): 488-495].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seonha Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Won-Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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22
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Kim JS, Lee S, Kim WK, Han BS. Mitochondrial transplantation: an overview of a promising therapeutic approach. BMB Rep 2023; 56:488-495. [PMID: 37679296 PMCID: PMC10547968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA, as well as several metabolic and neurological disorders. Animal studies have shown that mitochondrial transplantation can improve cellular energy metabolism, restore mitochondrial function, and prevent cell death. However, challenges need to be addressed, such as the delivery of functional mitochondria to the correct cells in the body, and the long-term stability and function of the transplanted mitochondria. Researchers are exploring new methods for mitochondrial transplantation, including the use of nanoparticles or CRISPR gene editing. Mechanisms underlying the integration and function of transplanted mitochondria are complex and not fully understood, but research has revealed some key factors that play a role. While the safety and efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation have been investigated in animal models and human trials, more research is needed to optimize delivery methods and evaluate long-term safety and efficacy. Clinical trials using mitochondrial transplantation have shown mixed results, highlighting the need for further research in this area. In conclusion, although mitochondrial transplantation holds significant potential for the treatment of various diseases, more work is needed to overcome challenges and evaluate its safety and efficacy in human trials. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(9): 488-495].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seonha Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Won-Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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23
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Main EN, Cruz TM, Bowlin GL. Mitochondria as a therapeutic: a potential new frontier in driving the shift from tissue repair to regeneration. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad070. [PMID: 37663015 PMCID: PMC10468651 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, or scar tissue development, is associated with numerous pathologies and is often considered a worst-case scenario in terms of wound healing or the implantation of a biomaterial. All that remains is a disorganized, densely packed and poorly vascularized bundle of connective tissue, which was once functional tissue. This creates a significant obstacle to the restoration of tissue function or integration with any biomaterial. Therefore, it is of paramount importance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to emphasize regeneration, the successful recovery of native tissue function, as opposed to repair, the replacement of the native tissue (often with scar tissue). A technique dubbed 'mitochondrial transplantation' is a burgeoning field of research that shows promise in in vitro, in vivo and various clinical applications in preventing cell death, reducing inflammation, restoring cell metabolism and proper oxidative balance, among other reported benefits. However, there is currently a lack of research regarding the potential for mitochondrial therapies within tissue engineering and regenerative biomaterials. Thus, this review explores these promising findings and outlines the potential for mitochondrial transplantation-based therapies as a new frontier of scientific research with respect to driving regeneration in wound healing and host-biomaterial interactions, the current successes of mitochondrial transplantation that warrant this potential and the critical questions and remaining obstacles that remain in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan N Main
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Thaiz M Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Gary L Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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24
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Plascencia-Villa G, Perry G. Exploring Molecular Targets for Mitochondrial Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12486. [PMID: 37569861 PMCID: PMC10419704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive deterioration of function and structure of brain cells in neurodegenerative diseases is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, affecting cellular metabolism, intracellular signaling, cell differentiation, morphogenesis, and the activation of programmed cell death. However, most of the efforts to develop therapies for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease have focused on restoring or maintaining the neurotransmitters in affected neurons, removing abnormal protein aggregates through immunotherapies, or simply treating symptomatology. However, none of these approaches to treating neurodegeneration can stop or reverse the disease other than by helping to maintain mental function and manage behavioral symptoms. Here, we discuss alternative molecular targets for neurodegeneration treatments that focus on mitochondrial functions, including regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) transport, protein modification, regulation of glucose metabolism, antioxidants, metal chelators, vitamin supplementation, and mitochondrial transference to compromised neurons. After pre-clinical evaluation and studies in animal models, some of these therapeutic compounds have advanced to clinical trials and are expected to have positive outcomes in subjects with neurodegeneration. These mitochondria-targeted therapeutic agents are an alternative to established or conventional molecular targets that have shown limited effectiveness in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
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Al Amir Dache Z, Thierry AR. Mitochondria-derived cell-to-cell communication. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112728. [PMID: 37440408 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their intracellular mobility, mitochondria and their components can exist outside the cells from which they originate. As a result, they are capable of acting on non-parental distant cells and mediate intercellular communication in physiological conditions and in a variety of pathologies. It has recently been demonstrated that this horizontal transfer governs a wide range of biological processes, such as tissue homeostasis, the rescue of injured recipient cells, and tumorigenesis. In addition, due to mitochondria's bacterial ancestry, they and their components can be recognized as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by the immune cells, leading to inflammation. Here, we provide an overview of the most current and significant findings concerning the different structures of extracellular mitochondria and their by-products and their functions in the physiological and pathological context. This account illustrates the ongoing expansion of our understanding of mitochondria's biological role and functions in mammalian organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Al Amir Dache
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INSERM U1316, CNRS UMR7057, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alain R Thierry
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France.
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Zaninello M, Bean C. Highly Specialized Mechanisms for Mitochondrial Transport in Neurons: From Intracellular Mobility to Intercellular Transfer of Mitochondria. Biomolecules 2023; 13:938. [PMID: 37371518 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly specialized structure and function of neurons depend on a sophisticated organization of the cytoskeleton, which supports a similarly sophisticated system to traffic organelles and cargo vesicles. Mitochondria sustain crucial functions by providing energy and buffering calcium where it is needed. Accordingly, the distribution of mitochondria is not even in neurons and is regulated by a dynamic balance between active transport and stable docking events. This system is finely tuned to respond to changes in environmental conditions and neuronal activity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which mitochondria are selectively transported in different compartments, taking into account the structure of the cytoskeleton, the molecular motors and the metabolism of neurons. Remarkably, the motor proteins driving the mitochondrial transport in axons have been shown to also mediate their transfer between cells. This so-named intercellular transport of mitochondria is opening new exciting perspectives in the treatment of multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zaninello
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Camilla Bean
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Liang MZ, Lu TH, Chen L. Timely expression of PGAM5 and its cleavage control mitochondrial homeostasis during neurite re-growth after traumatic brain injury. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:96. [PMID: 37221611 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffered from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have twice the risk of developing into neurodegenerative diseases later in their life. Thus, early intervention is needed not only to treat TBI but also to reduce neurodegenerative diseases in the future. Physiological functions of neurons highly depend on mitochondria. Thus, when mitochondrial integrity is compromised by injury, neurons would initiate a cascade of events to maintain homeostasis of mitochondria. However, what protein senses mitochondrial dysfunction and how mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained during regeneration remains unclear. RESULTS We found that TBI-increased transcription of a mitochondrial protein, phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), during acute phase was via topological remodeling of a novel enhancer-promoter interaction. This up-regulated PGAM5 correlated with mitophagy, whereas presenilins-associated rhomboid-like protein (PARL)-dependent PGAM5 cleavage at a later stage of TBI enhanced mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression and mitochondrial mass. To test whether PGAM5 cleavage and TFAM expression were sufficient for functional recovery, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) was used to uncouple electron transport chain and reduce mitochondrial function. As a result, FCCP triggered PGAM5 cleavage, TFAM expression and recovery of motor function deficits of CCI mice. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study implicate that PGAM5 may act as a mitochondrial sensor for brain injury to activate its own transcription at acute phase, serving to remove damaged mitochondria through mitophagy. Subsequently, PGAM5 is cleaved by PARL, and TFAM expression is increased for mitochondrial biogenesis at a later stage after TBI. Taken together, this study concludes that timely regulation of PGAM5 expression and its own cleavage are required for neurite re-growth and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zong Liang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Bamshad C, Habibi Roudkenar M, Abedinzade M, Yousefzadeh Chabok S, Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi Z, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Sato T, Tomita K, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Feizkhah A, Mohammadi Roushandeh A. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells-harvested mitochondrial transplantation improved motor function in TBI models through rescuing neuronal cells from apoptosis and alleviating astrogliosis and microglia activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110106. [PMID: 37015158 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Each year, traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a high rate of mortality throughout the world and those who survive have lasting disabilities. Given that the brain is a particularly dynamic organ with a high energy consumption rate, the inefficiency of current TBI treatment options highlights the necessity of repairing damaged brain tissue at the cellular and molecular levels, which according to research is aggravated due to ATP deficiency and reactive oxygen species surplus. Taking into account that mitochondria contribute to generating energy and controlling cellular stress, mitochondrial transplantation as a new treatment approach has lately reduced complications in a number of diseases by supplying healthy and functional mitochondria to the damaged tissue. For this reason, in this study, we used this technique to transplant human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs)-derived mitochondria as a suitable source for mitochondrial isolation into rat models of TBI to examine its therapeutic benefit and the results showed that the successful mitochondrial internalisation in the neuronal cells significantly reduced the number of brain cells undergoing apoptosis, alleviated astrogliosis and microglia activation, retained normal brain morphology and cytoarchitecture, and improved sensorimotor functions in a rat model of TBI. These data indicate that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells-isolated mitochondrial transplantation improves motor function in a rat model of TBI via rescuing neuronal cells from apoptosis and alleviating astrogliosis and microglia activation, maybe as a result of restoring the lost mitochondrial content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Bamshad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Abedinzade
- Department of Operation Room, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Alireza Feizkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Princilly J, Veerabhadrappa B, Rao NN, Dyavaiah M. Cellular senescence in aging: Molecular basis, implications and therapeutic interventions. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 136:1-33. [PMID: 37437975 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible proliferation arrest in response to cellular damage and stress. Although cellular senescence is a highly stable cell cycle arrest, it can influence many physiological, pathological, and aging processes. Cellular senescence can be triggered by various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, genotoxic stress, oncogenic activation, irradiation and chemotherapeutic agents. Senescence is associated with several molecular and phenotypic alterations, such as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), cell cycle arrest, DNA damage response (DDR), senescence-associated β-galactosidase, morphogenesis, and chromatin remodeling. Cellular senescence is a regular physiological event involved in tissue homeostasis, embryonic development, tissue remodeling, wound healing, and inhibition of tumor progression. Mitochondria are one of the organelles that undergo significant morphological and metabolic changes associated with senescence. Recent evidence unraveled that inter-organelle communication regulates cellular senescence, where mitochondria form a highly complex and dynamic network throughout the cytoplasm with other organelles, like the endoplasmic reticulum. An imbalance in organelle interactions may result in faulty cellular homeostasis, which contributes to cellular senescence and is associated with organ aging. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is a common characteristic of cellular senescence and age-related diseases, mitochondria-targeted senolytic or redox modulator senomorphic strategies help solve the complex problems with the detrimental consequences of cellular senescence. Understanding the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism would provide knowledge on effective therapeutic interventions for aging and age-related pathologies. This chapter focuses on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of senescence and targeting senescence as a potential strategy to alleviate age-related pathologies and support healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Princilly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Bhavana Veerabhadrappa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India; Department of Biotechnology, R V College of Engineering (RVCE), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagashree N Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, R V College of Engineering (RVCE), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India.
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Sanz-Ros J, Mas-Bargues C, Romero-García N, Huete-Acevedo J, Dromant M, Borrás C. The Potential Use of Mitochondrial Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers or Therapeutical Tools. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087005. [PMID: 37108168 PMCID: PMC10139054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis. Aberrant mitochondria can cause severe damage to the cells, which have established a tight quality control for the mitochondria. This process avoids the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and can lead to the release of mitochondrial constituents to the extracellular milieu through mitochondrial extracellular vesicles (MitoEVs). These MitoEVs carry mtDNA, rRNA, tRNA, and protein complexes of the respiratory chain, and the largest MitoEVs can even transport whole mitochondria. Macrophages ultimately engulf these MitoEVs to undergo outsourced mitophagy. Recently, it has been reported that MitoEVs can also contain healthy mitochondria, whose function seems to be the rescue of stressed cells by restoring the loss of mitochondrial function. This mitochondrial transfer has opened the field of their use as potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic tools. This review describes this new EVs-mediated transfer of the mitochondria and the current application of MitoEVs in the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nekane Romero-García
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Trauma Intensive Care, Hospital Clinic Universitari de Valencia, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Huete-Acevedo
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Dromant
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Huang H, Oo TT, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. An Updated Review of Mitochondrial Transplantation as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy Against Cerebral Ischemia and Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1865-1883. [PMID: 36595193 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of the progress made in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, it remains a leading cause of adult disability and death. To date, the most effective treatment for ischemic stroke is the timely recanalization of the occluded artery. However, the short time window and reperfusion injury have greatly limited its application and efficacy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP depletion have become regarded as being hallmarks of neuropathophysiology following ischemic stroke. Mitochondrial transplantation is a novel potential therapeutic intervention for ischemic stroke that has sparked widespread concern during the past few years. This review summarizes and discusses the effects of mitochondrial transplantation in in vitro and in vivo ischemic stroke models. In addition, pharmacological interventions promoting mitochondrial transplantation are reviewed and discussed. We also discuss the potential challenges to the clinical application of mitochondrial transplantation in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatuo Huang
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Thura Tun Oo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Sweetat S, Nitzan K, Suissa N, Haimovich Y, Lichtenstein M, Zabit S, Benhamron S, Akarieh K, Mishra K, Barasch D, Saada A, Ziv T, Kakhlon O, Lorberboum-Galski H, Rosenmann H. The Beneficial Effect of Mitochondrial Transfer Therapy in 5XFAD Mice via Liver–Serum–Brain Response. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071006. [PMID: 37048079 PMCID: PMC10093713 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the benefit of the IV transferring of active exogenous mitochondria in a short-term pharmacological AD (Alzheimer’s disease) model. We have now explored the efficacy of mitochondrial transfer in 5XFAD transgenic mice, aiming to explore the underlying mechanism by which the IV-injected mitochondria affect the diseased brain. Mitochondrial transfer in 5XFAD ameliorated cognitive impairment, amyloid burden, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exogenously injected mitochondria were detected in the liver but not in the brain. We detected alterations in brain proteome, implicating synapse-related processes, ubiquitination/proteasome-related processes, phagocytosis, and mitochondria-related factors, which may lead to the amelioration of disease. These changes were accompanied by proteome/metabolome alterations in the liver, including pathways of glucose, glutathione, amino acids, biogenic amines, and sphingolipids. Altered liver metabolites were also detected in the serum of the treated mice, particularly metabolites that are known to affect neurodegenerative processes, such as carnosine, putrescine, C24:1-OH sphingomyelin, and amino acids, which serve as neurotransmitters or their precursors. Our results suggest that the beneficial effect of mitochondrial transfer in the 5XFAD mice is mediated by metabolic signaling from the liver via the serum to the brain, where it induces protective effects. The high efficacy of the mitochondrial transfer may offer a novel AD therapy.
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Dong W, Zhang W, Yuan L, Xie Y, Li Y, Li K, Zhu W. Rescuers from the Other Shore: Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer and Its Implications in Central Nervous System Injury and Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023. [PMID: 36867301 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
As the powerhouse and core of cellular metabolism and survival, mitochondria are the essential organelle in mammalian cells and maintain cellular homeostasis by changing their content and morphology to meet demands through mitochondrial quality control. It has been observed that mitochondria can move between cells under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, which provides a novel strategy for preserving mitochondrial homeostasis and also a therapeutic target for applications in clinical settings. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize currently known mechanisms of intercellular mitochondrial transfer, including modes, triggers, and functions. Due to the highly demanded energy and indispensable intercellular linkages of the central nervous system (CNS), we highlight the mitochondrial transfer in CNS. We also discuss future application possibilities and difficulties that need to be addressed in the treatment of CNS injury and diseases. This clarification should shed light on its potential clinical applications as a promising therapeutic target in neurological diseases. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer maintains the homeostasis of central nervous system (CNS), and its alteration is related to several neurological diseases. Supplementing exogenous mitochondrial donor cells and mitochondria, or utilizing some medications to regulate the process of transfer might mitigate the disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Dong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linying Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunzi Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Wusheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Mitochondria play an essential role in the trajectory of adolescent neurodevelopment and behavior in adulthood: evidence from a schizophrenia rat model. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1170-1181. [PMID: 36380234 PMCID: PMC10005953 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence implicate mitochondria in early brain development. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is only circumstantial data for mitochondria involvement in late brain development occurring through adolescence, a critical period in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders, specifically schizophrenia. In schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction has been repeatedly reported. Here we show a causal link between mitochondrial transplantation in adolescence and brain functioning in adulthood. We show that transplantation of allogenic healthy mitochondria into the medial prefrontal cortex of adolescent rats was beneficial in a rat model of schizophrenia, while detrimental in healthy control rats. Specifically, disparate initial changes in mitochondrial function and inflammatory response were associated with opposite long-lasting changes in proteome, neurotransmitter turnover, neuronal sprouting and behavior in adulthood. A similar inverse shift in mitochondrial function was also observed in human lymphoblastoid cells deived from schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects due to the interference of the transplanted mitochondria with their intrinsic mitochondrial state. This study provides fundamental insights into the essential role of adolescent mitochondrial homeostasis in the development of normal functioning adult brain. In addition, it supports a therapeutic potential for mitochondria manipulation in adolescence in disorders with neurodevelopmental and bioenergetic deficits, such as schizophrenia, yet emphasizes the need to monitor individuals' state including their mitochondrial function and immune response, prior to intervention.
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35
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Jain R, Begum N, Tryphena KP, Singh SB, Srivastava S, Rai SN, Vamanu E, Khatri DK. Inter and intracellular mitochondrial transfer: Future of mitochondrial transplant therapy in Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114268. [PMID: 36682243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by the gradual degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the intracellular build-up of Lewy bodies rich in α-synuclein protein. This impairs various aspects of the mitochondria including the generation of ROS, biogenesis, dynamics, mitophagy etc. Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated through the inter and intracellular movement which impairs mitochondrial trafficking within and between cells. This inter and intracellular mitochondrial movement plays a significant role in maintaining neuronal dynamics in terms of energy and growth. Kinesin, dynein, myosin, Mitochondrial rho GTPase (Miro), and TRAK facilitate the retrograde and anterograde movement of mitochondria. Enzymes such as Kinases along with Calcium (Ca2+), Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the genes PINK1 and Parkin are also involved. Extracellular vesicles, gap junctions, and tunneling nanotubes control intercellular movement. The knowledge and understanding of these proteins, enzymes, molecules, and movements have led to the development of mitochondrial transplant as a therapeutic approach for various disorders involving mitochondrial dysfunction such as stroke, ischemia and PD. A better understanding of these pathways plays a crucial role in establishing extracellular mitochondrial transplant therapy for reverting the pathology of PD. Currently, techniques such as mitochondrial coculture, mitopunch and mitoception are being utilized in the pre-clinical stages and should be further explored for translational value. This review highlights how intercellular and intracellular mitochondrial dynamics are affected during mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. The field of mitochondrial transplant therapy in PD is underlined in particular due to recent developments and the potential that it holds in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Jain
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Nusrat Begum
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India.
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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36
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Rescuing cellular function in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy by healthy exogenous mitochondrial internalization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3380. [PMID: 36854766 PMCID: PMC9974992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is characterized by an accelerated loss of corneal endothelial cells. Since the function of these cells is to maintain the cornea in a state of deturgescence necessary for its transparency, the depletion of corneal endothelial cells ultimately causes corneal edema and irreversible loss of vision. Evidence is accumulating regarding the central involvement of mitochondria in FECD. As we have previously shown, when endothelial cells die and are not replaced, the mitochondria of surviving cells must provide more energy to compensate, leading to a phenomenon we have called mitochondrial burnout. This burnout causes cell death, thus exacerbating an irreversible vicious circle responsible for FECD progression. Corneal transplantation, for which the transplant supply is insufficient, is the only curative alternative for FECD. It thus becomes imperative to find other avenues of treatment. In this article, we tested whether incorporating healthy mitochondria into FECD cells would improve pathological molecular markers of the disease. Using corneal endothelium explants from FECD patients, we demonstrated that incorporation of exogenous mitochondria into FECD cells by co-incubation reduces oxidative stress, increases mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduces mitophagy. In addition, internalization of exogenous mitochondria significantly reduces apoptosis (57% in FECD vs 12% in FECD with internalized mitochondria). Taken together, these results suggest that the internalization of exogenous mitochondria reverses the vicious circle involved in FECD, thus revealing a much-needed novel treatment alternative for FECD.
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Dong LF, Rohlena J, Zobalova R, Nahacka Z, Rodriguez AM, Berridge MV, Neuzil J. Mitochondria on the move: Horizontal mitochondrial transfer in disease and health. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213873. [PMID: 36795453 PMCID: PMC9960264 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202211044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian genes were long thought to be constrained within somatic cells in most cell types. This concept was challenged recently when cellular organelles including mitochondria were shown to move between mammalian cells in culture via cytoplasmic bridges. Recent research in animals indicates transfer of mitochondria in cancer and during lung injury in vivo, with considerable functional consequences. Since these pioneering discoveries, many studies have confirmed horizontal mitochondrial transfer (HMT) in vivo, and its functional characteristics and consequences have been described. Additional support for this phenomenon has come from phylogenetic studies. Apparently, mitochondrial trafficking between cells occurs more frequently than previously thought and contributes to diverse processes including bioenergetic crosstalk and homeostasis, disease treatment and recovery, and development of resistance to cancer therapy. Here we highlight current knowledge of HMT between cells, focusing primarily on in vivo systems, and contend that this process is not only (patho)physiologically relevant, but also can be exploited for the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Feng Dong
- https://ror.org/02sc3r913School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Australia,Lan-Feng Dong:
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- https://ror.org/00wzqmx94Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Zobalova
- https://ror.org/00wzqmx94Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nahacka
- https://ror.org/00wzqmx94Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jiri Neuzil
- https://ror.org/02sc3r913School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Australia,https://ror.org/00wzqmx94Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague-West, Czech Republic,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,Correspondence to Jiri Neuzil: ,
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38
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Geng J, Wang J, Wang H. Emerging Landscape of Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Mediated Organelle Restoration and Replacement. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:229-244. [PMID: 36798470 PMCID: PMC9926530 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Organelles are specialized subunits within a cell membrane that perform specific roles or functions, and their dysfunction can lead to a variety of pathophysiologies including developmental defects, aging, and diseases (cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases). Recent studies have shown that cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-based pharmacological therapies delivered to organelles or even directly resulting in organelle replacement can restore cell function and improve or prevent disease. In this review, we summarized the current developments in the precise delivery of exogenous cargoes via CPPs at the organelle level, CPP-mediated organelle delivery, and discuss their feasibility as next-generation targeting strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases at the organelle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Geng
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang443002, China
- Interdisciplinary
Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute
of Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21215, United States
| | - Hu Wang
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang443002, China
- Institute
of Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21215, United States
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39
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Ma S, Ding R, Cao J, Liu Z, Li A, Pei D. Mitochondria transfer reverses the inhibitory effects of low stiffness on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151297. [PMID: 36791653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microenvironment biophysical factors such as matrix stiffness can noticeably affect the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this mechanobiology transduction process, mitochondria are shown to be an active participant. The present study aims to systematically elucidate the phenotypic and functional changes of mitochondria during the stiffness-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the effect of mitochondria transfer on the osteogenesis of impaired MSCs caused by stiffness was investigated. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were used as model cells in the current study. Low stiffness restrained the cell spreading and significantly inhibited the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Mitochondria of PDLSCs cultured on low stiffness exhibited shorter length, rounded shape, fusion/fission imbalance, ROS and mitophagy level increase, and ATP production reduction. The inhibited mitochondria function and osteogenic differentiation capacity were recovered to near-normal levels after transferring the mitochondria of PDLSCs cultured on the high stiffness. This study indicated that low matrix stiffness altered the mitochondrial morphology and induced systematical mitochondrial dysfunction during the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Mitochondria transfer was proved to be a feasible technique for maintaining MSCs function in vitro by reversing the osteogenesis ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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40
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Lin ZJ, Kim S, Cui HX, Han K, Lee HK, Kim CH, Kang YC, Zhang YH. Human platelet mitochondria improve the mitochondrial and cardiac function of donor heart. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:267-275. [PMID: 36278983 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria transplantation emerges as an effective therapeutic strategy for ischemic-related diseases but the roles in the donor hearts for transplant remain unidentified. Here, we investigated whether the preservation of the donor heart with human platelet-derived mitochondria (pl-MT) could improve mitochondrial and cardiac function. Incubation with pl-MT resulted in the internalization of pl-MT and the enhancement of ATP production in primary cardiomyocytes. In addition, incubation of rat hearts with pl-MT ex vivo for 9 h clearly demonstrated pl-MT transfusion into the myocardium. Mitochondria isolated from the hearts incubated with pl-MT showed increased mitochondrial membrane potential and greater ATP synthase activity and citrate synthase activity. Importantly, the production of reactive oxygen species from cardiac mitochondria was not different with and without pl-MT incubation. Functionally, the heartbeat and the volume of coronary circulation perfusate were significantly increased in the Langendorff perfusion system and the viability of cardiomyocytes was increased from pl-MT hearts.Taken together, these results suggest that incubation with Pl-MT improves mitochondrial activity and maintains the cardiac function of rat hearts with prolonged preservation time. The study provides the proof of principle for pl-MT application as an enhancer of the donor heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jun Lin
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chong No Gu, 103 Dae Hak Ro, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Kim
- Paean Biotechnology, Inc., 5 Samil-daero 8-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04552, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Xing Cui
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chong No Gu, 103 Dae Hak Ro, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Yan Bian University Hospital, Yanji City, Ji Lin Province, China
| | - Kyuboem Han
- Paean Biotechnology, Inc., 5 Samil-daero 8-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04552, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Paean Biotechnology, Inc., 5 Samil-daero 8-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04552, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Hyung Kim
- Paean Biotechnology, Inc., 5 Samil-daero 8-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04552, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Cheol Kang
- Paean Biotechnology, Inc., 5 Samil-daero 8-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04552, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yin Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chong No Gu, 103 Dae Hak Ro, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Yan Bian University Hospital, Yanji City, Ji Lin Province, China.
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41
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D’Amato M, Morra F, Di Meo I, Tiranti V. Mitochondrial Transplantation in Mitochondrial Medicine: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031969. [PMID: 36768312 PMCID: PMC9916997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are inherited genetic conditions characterized by pathogenic mutations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Current therapies are still far from being fully effective and from covering the broad spectrum of mutations in mtDNA. For example, unlike heteroplasmic conditions, MDs caused by homoplasmic mtDNA mutations do not yet benefit from advances in molecular approaches. An attractive method of providing dysfunctional cells and/or tissues with healthy mitochondria is mitochondrial transplantation. In this review, we discuss what is known about intercellular transfer of mitochondria and the methods used to transfer mitochondria both in vitro and in vivo, and we provide an outlook on future therapeutic applications. Overall, the transfer of healthy mitochondria containing wild-type mtDNA copies could induce a heteroplasmic shift even when homoplasmic mtDNA variants are present, with the aim of attenuating or preventing the progression of pathological clinical phenotypes. In summary, mitochondrial transplantation is a challenging but potentially ground-breaking option for the treatment of various mitochondrial pathologies, although several questions remain to be addressed before its application in mitochondrial medicine.
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42
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Mitochondria in Cell-Based Therapy for Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010178. [PMID: 36671040 PMCID: PMC9854436 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a relatively developed understanding of the pathophysiology underlying primary and secondary mechanisms of cell death after ischemic injury, there are few established treatments to improve stroke prognoses. A major contributor to secondary cell death is mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent advancements in cell-based therapies suggest that stem cells may be revolutionary for treating stroke, and the reestablishment of mitochondrial integrity may underlie these therapeutic benefits. In fact, functioning mitochondria are imperative for reducing oxidative damage and neuroinflammation following stroke and reperfusion injury. In this review, we will discuss the role of mitochondria in establishing the anti-oxidative effects of stem cell therapies for stroke.
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43
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Bamshad C, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi Z, Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Sato T, Feizkhah A, Roushnadeh AM, Roudkenar MH. Mitochondria: how eminent in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders? Hum Cell 2023; 36:41-61. [PMID: 36445534 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous factors are implicated in the onset and progression of ageing and neurodegenerative disorders, with defects in cell energy supply and free radicals regulation designated as being the main functions of mitochondria and highly accentuated in plentiful studies. Hence, analysing the role of mitochondria as one of the main factors implicated in these disorders could undoubtedly come in handy with respect to disease prevention and treatment. In this review, first, we will explore how mitochondria account for neurodegenerative disorders and ageing and later will draw the various pathways contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction in their distinct way. Also, we will discuss the deviation-countering mechanisms, particularly mitophagy, a subset of autophagy known as a much larger cellular defence mechanism and regulatory system, along with its potential therapeutic effects. Last but not least, we will be highlighting the mitochondrial transfer experiments with animal models of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Bamshad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Alireza Feizkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushnadeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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44
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Khan MM, Paez HG, Pitzer CR, Alway SE. The Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondria Transplantation Therapy in Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1100-1116. [PMID: 36089791 PMCID: PMC10286589 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x05666220908100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders affect millions of people worldwide and account for a large and increasing health burden on the general population. Thus, there is a critical need to identify potential disease-modifying treatments that can prevent or slow the disease progression. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and play an important role in energy metabolism and redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction threatens cell homeostasis, perturbs energy production, and ultimately leads to cell death and diseases. Impaired mitochondrial function has been linked to the pathogenesis of several human neurological disorders. Given the significant contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders, there has been considerable interest in developing therapies that can attenuate mitochondrial abnormalities and proffer neuroprotective effects. Unfortunately, therapies that target specific components of mitochondria or oxidative stress pathways have exhibited limited translatability. To this end, mitochondrial transplantation therapy (MTT) presents a new paradigm of therapeutic intervention, which involves the supplementation of healthy mitochondria to replace the damaged mitochondria for the treatment of neurological disorders. Prior studies demonstrated that the supplementation of healthy donor mitochondria to damaged neurons promotes neuronal viability, activity, and neurite growth and has been shown to provide benefits for neural and extra-neural diseases. In this review, we discuss the significance of mitochondria and summarize an overview of the recent advances and development of MTT in neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. The significance of MTT is emerging as they meet a critical need to develop a diseasemodifying intervention for neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hector G. Paez
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Christopher R. Pitzer
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Tennessee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, 910 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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45
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Zhu Z, Li X, Wang X, Zuo X, Ma Y, Gao X, Liang Z, Zhang Z, Song Z, Ding T, Ju C, Li P, Li K, Zhang J, Quan H, Wang Z, Hu X. Photobiomodulation augments the effects of mitochondrial transplantation in the treatment of spinal cord injury in rats by facilitating mitochondrial transfer to neurons via Connexin 36. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10473. [DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
- 967 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Xuankang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Yangguang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Zhuowen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Zhiwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Tan Ding
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Cheng Ju
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Penghui Li
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Huilin Quan
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - Xueyu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
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46
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Preferred Migration of Mitochondria toward Cells and Tissues with Mitochondrial Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415734. [PMID: 36555376 PMCID: PMC9779580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that play a vital role in cellular survival by supplying ATP and metabolic substrates via oxidative phosphorylation and the Krebs cycle. Hence, mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to many human diseases, including metabolic syndromes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging. Mitochondrial transfer between cells has been shown to occur naturally, and mitochondrial transplantation is beneficial for treating mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, the migration of mitochondria was tracked in vitro and in vivo using mitochondria conjugated with green fluorescent protein (MTGFP). When MTGFP were used in a coculture model, they were selectively internalized into lung fibroblasts, and this selectivity depended on the mitochondrial functional states of the receiving fibroblasts. Compared with MTGFP injected intravenously into normal mice, MTGFP injected into bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis model mice localized more abundantly in the lung tissue, indicating that mitochondrial homing to injured tissue occurred. This study shows for the first time that exogenous mitochondria are preferentially trafficked to cells and tissues in which mitochondria are damaged, which has implications for the delivery of therapeutic agents to injured or diseased sites.
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47
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Mitochondrial transfer/transplantation: an emerging therapeutic approach for multiple diseases. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:66. [PMID: 35590379 PMCID: PMC9121600 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in energy generation and cellular physiological processes. These organelles are highly dynamic, constantly changing their morphology, cellular location, and distribution in response to cellular stress. In recent years, the phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer has attracted significant attention and interest from biologists and medical investigators. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer occurs in different ways, including tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and gap junction channels (GJCs). According to research on intercellular mitochondrial transfer in physiological and pathological environments, mitochondrial transfer hold great potential for maintaining body homeostasis and regulating pathological processes. Multiple research groups have developed artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplantation (AMT/T) methods that transfer healthy mitochondria into damaged cells and recover cellular function. This paper reviews intercellular spontaneous mitochondrial transfer modes, mechanisms, and the latest methods of AMT/T. Furthermore, potential application value and mechanism of AMT/T in disease treatment are also discussed.
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48
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Mitochondria Transfer in Brain Injury and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223603. [PMID: 36429030 PMCID: PMC9688459 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular mitochondria transfer is a novel form of cell signalling in which whole mitochondria are transferred between cells in order to enhance cellular functions or aid in the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Recent studies have observed intercellular mitochondria transfer between glia and neurons in the brain, and mitochondrial transfer has emerged as a key neuroprotective mechanism in a range of neurological conditions. In particular, artificial mitochondria transfer has sparked widespread interest as a potential therapeutic strategy for brain disorders. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and effects of intercellular mitochondria transfer in the brain. The role of mitochondrial transfer in neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative disease, brain injury, and neurodevelopmental disorders, is discussed as well as therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria transfer in the brain.
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Yang J, Chen S, Duan F, Wang X, Zhang X, Lian B, Kou M, Chiang Z, Li Z, Lian Q. Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy: Molecular Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Models, and Therapeutic Management. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213511. [PMID: 36359908 PMCID: PMC9655095 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy (MCM) is characterized by abnormal heart-muscle structure and function, caused by mutations in the nuclear genome or mitochondrial DNA. The heterogeneity of gene mutations and various clinical presentations in patients with cardiomyopathy make its diagnosis, molecular mechanism, and therapeutics great challenges. This review describes the molecular epidemiology of MCM and its clinical features, reviews the promising diagnostic tests applied for mitochondrial diseases and cardiomyopathies, and details the animal and cellular models used for modeling cardiomyopathy and to investigate disease pathogenesis in a controlled in vitro environment. It also discusses the emerging therapeutics tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies of cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Yang
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Shaoxiang Chen
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Fuyu Duan
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pingyang People’s Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325499, China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Boonxuan Lian
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 30 Frome Rd., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Meng Kou
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Zhixin Chiang
- Department of Allied Health Science Faculty of Science, Tunku Abdul Rahman University, Ipoh 31900, Malaysia
| | - Ziyue Li
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Department of Surgery, Shenzhen Hong Kong University Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2831-5403
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Zhang TG, Miao CY. Mitochondrial transplantation as a promising therapy for mitochondrial diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1028-1035. [PMID: 36970208 PMCID: PMC10031255 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of inherited or acquired metabolic disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction which may affect almost all the organs in the body and present at any age. However, no satisfactory therapeutic strategies have been available for mitochondrial diseases so far. Mitochondrial transplantation is a burgeoning approach for treatment of mitochondrial diseases by recovery of dysfunctional mitochondria in defective cells using isolated functional mitochondria. Many models of mitochondrial transplantation in cells, animals, and patients have proved effective via various routes of mitochondrial delivery. This review presents different techniques used in mitochondrial isolation and delivery, mechanisms of mitochondrial internalization and consequences of mitochondrial transplantation, along with challenges for clinical application. Despite some unknowns and challenges, mitochondrial transplantation would provide an innovative approach for mitochondrial medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao-yu Miao
- Corresponding author. Tel: +86 21 81871271; fax: +86 21 65493951.
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