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Hodel KVS, Fiuza BSD, Conceição RS, Aleluia ACM, Pitanga TN, Fonseca LMDS, Valente CO, Minafra-Rezende CS, Machado BAS. Pharmacovigilance in Vaccines: Importance, Main Aspects, Perspectives, and Challenges-A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:807. [PMID: 38931474 PMCID: PMC11206969 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacovigilance plays a central role in safeguarding public health by continuously monitoring the safety of vaccines, being critical in a climate of vaccine hesitancy, where public trust is paramount. Pharmacovigilance strategies employed to gather information on adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) include pre-registration data, media reports, clinical trials, and societal reporting. Early detection of AEFIs during clinical trials is crucial for thorough safety analysis and preventing serious reactions once vaccines are deployed. This review highlights the importance of societal reporting, encompassing contributions from community members, healthcare workers, and pharmaceutical companies. Technological advancements such as quick response (QR) codes can facilitate prompt AEFI reporting. While vaccines are demonstrably safe, the possibility of adverse events necessitates continuous post-marketing surveillance. However, underreporting remains a challenge, underscoring the critical role of public engagement in pharmacovigilance. This narrative review comprehensively examines and synthesizes key aspects of virus vaccine pharmacovigilance, with special considerations for specific population groups. We explore applicable legislation, the spectrum of AEFIs associated with major vaccines, and the unique challenges and perspectives surrounding pharmacovigilance in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Bianca Sampaio Dotto Fiuza
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Souza Conceição
- Department of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cezar Magalhães Aleluia
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Southwestern Bahia State University (UESB), Campus Vitória da Conquista, Vitória da Conquista 45031-300, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Thassila Nogueira Pitanga
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
- Laboratory for Research in Genetics and Translational Hematology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ-BA, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Larissa Moraes dos Santos Fonseca
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Camila Oliveira Valente
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
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Hossain MS, Kumar A, Hossain AFMA, Mahshin M, Sharma A, Hossain MA, Sharma V, Haque R, Shamsuzzaman AKM, Maruf S, Ghosh P, Ahuja V, Mondal D. Using focused pharmacovigilance for ensuring patient safety against antileishmanial drugs in Bangladesh's National Kala-azar Elimination Programme. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:80. [PMID: 30099967 PMCID: PMC6088425 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse effects of antileishmanial drugs can affect patients’ quality of life and adherence to therapy for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). In Bangladesh, there are 26 treatment centers that manage leishmaniasis cases coming from 100 endemic upazilas (subdistricts) of 26 districts (these include VL, PKDL, treatment failure, and relapse VL and cutaneous leishmaniasis cases). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using focused pharmacovigilance for VL (VLPV) in Bangladesh’s National Kala-azar Elimination Programme for the early detection and prevention of expected and unexpected adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Methods This activity has been going on since December 2014. Activity area includes secondary public hospital or Upazila health complex (UHC) in hundred sub districts and Surya Kanta Kala-azar Research Center (SKKRC) in Mymensingh District, a specialized center for management of complicated VL and PKDL cases. Communicable Disease Control (CDC) of the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) assigned twenty five of hundred UHCs and SKKRC (total 26) as treatment centers depending on their suitable geographical location. This was implemented for better management of VL cases with Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome®) to ensure patient convenience and proper utilization of this expensive donated drug. A VLPV expert committee and a UHC VLPV team were established, an operational manual and pharmacovigilance report forms were developed, training and refresher training of health personnel took place at UHCs and at the central level, collected information such as patient data including demographics, treatment history and response, adverse events were analyzed. This report includes information for the period from December 2014 to December 2016. Results From December 2014 to December 2016, 1327 leishmaniasis patients were treated and 1066 (80%) were available for VLPV. Out of these, 57, 33, 9, and 1% were new VL, PKDL, VL relapse, and other cases, respectively. Liposomal amphotericin B was mostly used (82%) for case management, followed by miltefosine (20%) and paromomycin (3%). Out of the 1066 patients, 26% experienced ADRs. The most frequent ADR was fever (17%, 176/1066), followed by vomiting (5%, 51/1066). Thirteen serious adverse events (SAEs) (eight deaths and five unexpected SAEs) were observed. The expert committee assessed that three of the deaths and all unexpected SAEs were possibly related to treatment. Out of the five unexpected SAEs, four were miltefosine-induced ophthalmic complications and the other was an AmBisome®-induced avascular necrosis of the nasal alae. The Directorate General of the Drug Administration entered the ADRs into the World Health Organization Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) VigiFlow database. Conclusions This study found that VLPV through NKEP is feasible and should be continued as a routine activity into the public health system of Bangladesh to ensure patient safety against anti-leishmanial drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0461-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sakhawat Hossain
- 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Parasitology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Amresh Kumar
- Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), 15th Floor, Dr. Gopal Das Bhawan 28 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - A F M Akhtar Hossain
- Communicable Disease Control Unit, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahshin
- Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Cell, Directorate General of Drug Administration (DGDA), Government of Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abhijit Sharma
- Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), 15th Floor, Dr. Gopal Das Bhawan 28 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Md Akter Hossain
- Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Cell, Directorate General of Drug Administration (DGDA), Government of Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Varun Sharma
- Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), 15th Floor, Dr. Gopal Das Bhawan 28 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Rashidul Haque
- 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Parasitology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Shamsuzzaman
- Communicable Disease Control Unit, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shomik Maruf
- 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Parasitology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Prakash Ghosh
- 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Parasitology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), Seattle, USA
| | - Vivek Ahuja
- Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), 15th Floor, Dr. Gopal Das Bhawan 28 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Dinesh Mondal
- 68 Shaheed Taj Uddin Ahmed Sarani, Parasitology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. .,Nutrition Infection Interaction Research Group, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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Hirve S, Kroeger A, Matlashewski G, Mondal D, Banjara MR, Das P, Be-Nazir A, Arana B, Olliaro P. Towards elimination of visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent-Translating research to practice to public health. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005889. [PMID: 29023446 PMCID: PMC5638223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decade following the Regional Strategic Framework for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) elimination in 2005 has shown compelling progress in the reduction of VL burden in the Indian subcontinent. The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), hosted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other stakeholders, has coordinated and financed research for the development of new innovative tools and strategies to support the regional VL elimination initiative. This paper describes the process of the TDR's engagement and contribution to this initiative. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Multiple databases were searched to identify 152 scientific papers and reports with WHO funding or authorship affiliation around the following 3 framework strategies: detection of new cases, morbidity reduction, and prevention of infection. TDR has played a critical role in the evaluation and subsequent use of the 39-aminoacid-recombinant kinesin antigen (rK39) rapid diagnostic test (RDT) as a confirmatory test for VL in the national program. TDR has supported the clinical research and development of miltefosine and single-dose liposomal amphotericin B as a first-line treatment against VL. TDR has engaged with in-country researchers, national programme managers, and partners to generate evidence-based interventions for early detection and treatment of VL patients. TDR evaluated the quality, community acceptance, and cost effectiveness of indoor residual spraying, insecticide-treated bed nets, insecticide-impregnated durable wall linings, insecticidal paint, and environmental management as tools for integrated vector management in reducing sandfly density. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE TDR's engagement with country policy makers, scientists, and clinicians in the development of effective diagnosis, treatment, case detection, and vector control represents an important example of TDR's stewardship toward the elimination of VL in the Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Kroeger
- Centre for Medicine and Society and Centre for Anthropology, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), hosted by the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dinesh Mondal
- Nutrition and Clinical Services division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pradeep Das
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Patna, India
| | - Ahmed Be-Nazir
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Byron Arana
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis unit, Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Piero Olliaro
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), hosted by the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Sahu RK, Yadav R, Prasad P, Roy A, Chandrakar S. Adverse drug reactions monitoring: prospects and impending challenges for pharmacovigilance. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:695. [PMID: 25520913 PMCID: PMC4258196 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacovigilance plays a consequential role in the surveillance of adverse drug reactions, which is provoked by the drugs used to cure diseases. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) produce detrimental or undesirable effects to the body after administration of drugs. It has been reported that the number of patients dying because of contrary effects of drugs per year increased upto 2.6-fold. Moreover, rates of hospitalization of patients are increasing owing to adverse effects of drugs. Thus, it becomes challengeable for physician, health care providers, WHO and pharmaceutical industries to resolve the associated problem of ADRs. During the clinical trial of a novel drug, it is prominent to explore the dependability of drug. In this review, we documented the details required to identify the ADRs in patients along with reported banned drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar Sahu
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, CG 493111 India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, CG 493111 India
| | - Pushpa Prasad
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, CG 493111 India
| | - Amit Roy
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, CG 493111 India
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Introducing single dose liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in rural bangladesh: feasibility and acceptance to patients and health staff. J Trop Med 2014; 2014:676817. [PMID: 24578710 PMCID: PMC3918353 DOI: 10.1155/2014/676817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. For the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh, single dose liposomal amphotericin B (ambisome) is supposed to be the safest and most effective treatment. Specific needs for application and storage raise questions about feasibility of its implementation and acceptance by patients and health staff. Methods. The study was carried out in the most endemic district of Bangladesh. Study population includes patients treated with ambisome or miltefosine, hospital staff, and a director of the national visceral leishmaniasis program. Study methods include direct observation (subdistrict hospitals), open interviews (heath staff and program personnel), structured questionnaires, and focus group discussions (patients). Results. Politicalcommitment for ambisome is strong; the general hospital infrastructure favours implementation but further strengthening is required, particularly for drug storage below 25°C (refrigerators), back-up energy (fuel for generators), and supplies for ambisome administration (like 5% dextrose solution). Ambisome created high satisfaction in patients and hospital staff, less adverse events, and less income loss for patients compared to miltefosine. Conclusions. High political commitment, general capacities of subdistrict hospitals, and high acceptability favour the implementation of ambisome treatment in Bangladesh. However, strengthening of the infrastructure and uninterrupted supplies of essential accessories is mandatory before introducing sLAB in Bangladesh.
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Munoz C, Alzoubi K, Jacobi J, Abed M, Lang F. Effect of miltefosine on erythrocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1913-9. [PMID: 23811261 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miltefosine, an alkylphosphocholine drug with antiparasite, antibacterial, antifungal and antineoplastic potency, is the only oral drug that can be used to treat visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. The effect of miltefosine is at least partially due to triggering of apoptosis. Similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and by cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine-exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Eryptosis may be triggered following increase of cytosolic Ca(2+)-level ([Ca(2+)]i). The present study explored, whether miltefosine elicits eryptosis. METHODS Cell volume has been estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine-exposure from annexin-V-binding, hemolysis from hemoglobin release, [Ca(2+)]i from Fluo3-fluorescence. RESULTS A 48 h exposure to miltefosine (≥ 4.9 μM) was followed by significant decrease of forward scatter and significant increase of annexin-V-binding. The effect was paralleled by significant increase of [Ca(2+)]i. The annexin-V-binding following miltefosine treatment was significantly blunted in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca(2+). CONCLUSION Miltefosine stimulates eryptosis, an effect at least partially due to stimulation of Ca(2+) entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Munoz
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Jose J. Pharmacovigilance. Bioinformatics 2013. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-3604-0.ch075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Any substance that is capable of producing a therapeutic effect can also produce unwanted or adverse effects. It is important to understand the basic concepts related to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs): epidemiology, classification, predisposing factors, evaluation parameters, and surveillance methods. Pharmacovigilance is defined as the science and activities relating to the detection, evaluation, understanding, and prevention of ADRs or any other drug-related problems. It involves patients, medical professionals, the pharmaceutical industry, drug regulatory agencies, and academic scientists. Pharmacoinformatics, the application of information technology with regard to the drug design, development, and drug use has played a major role in the appropriate implementation of pharmacovigilance at industry, regulatory, and hospital levels. The functioning of international regulatory agencies and drug safety departments of pharmaceutical industries has been greatly influenced by pharmacoinformatics. Pharmacoinformatics has changed the way in which health care is practiced. Modern information technology can be used by health care professionals for various purposes and, thereby, make a substantial contribution to optimize the quality of medication use in institutions with due importance of safety. Pharmacoinformatics has a major influence in the development of pharmacogenetics and its individual applications including improving drug safety. Pharmacoinformatics will play a major role in the future development and practice of pharmacovigilance. The present chapter is aimed at providing the readers an insight into the importance and basic concepts of pharmacovigilance, and the process involved in it. Application of pharmacoinformatics in improving drug safety at various levels from an industry, regulatory and hospital perspective is discussed.
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Croft SL, Olliaro P. Leishmaniasis chemotherapy--challenges and opportunities. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 17:1478-83. [PMID: 21933306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although there have been significant advances in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), there remain challenges to ensure that treatments effective in India are also effective in other regions of the world and to identify treatment for post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis as well as the opportunity to develop a safe oral short-course treatment. At the same time, there have been few advances for the treatment of simple or complex forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), other than topical paromomycin formulations. The main challenge for CL is to ensure that this disease is on the research and development agenda, so that new drugs are evaluated or compounds are screened in appropriate models, and that the standardization of quality of clinical trials is guaranteed. Problems also remain in the treatment of HIV/leishmaniasis co-infected patients. We are some way from having the ideal treatments for VL and CL and drug research and development for these diseases must remain focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Croft
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima Kshirsagar
- National Chair (Clinical Pharmacology), Indian Council of Medical Research, Dean, ESI-PGIMSR MGM Hospital, Govt. of India, Parel, Mumbai, India. E-mail:
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