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Luo X, Jiang JH, Liu SL, Gao JY, Zhou LW. Metabolomics analysis of rice fermented by medicinal fungi providing insights into the preparation of functional food. Food Chem 2024; 459:140372. [PMID: 38986207 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Rice, a primary staple food, may be improved in value via fermentation. Here, ten medicinal basidiomycetous fungi were separately applied for rice fermentation. After preliminary screening, Ganoderma boninense, Phylloporia pulla, Sanghuangporus sanghuang and Sanghuangporus weigelae were selected for further LC-MS based determination of the changes in metabolic profile after their fermentation with rice, and a total of 261, 296, 312, and 355 differential compounds were identified, respectively. Most of these compounds were up-regulated and involved in the metabolic pathways of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. Sanghuangporus weigelae endowed the rice with the highest nutritional and bioactive values. The metabolic network of the identified differential compounds in rice fermented by S. weigelae illustrated their close relationships. In summary, this study provides insights into the preparation and application of potential functional food via the fermentation of rice with medicinal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji-Hang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shi-Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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2
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Wang J, Ho P, Nandurkar H, Lim HY. Overall haemostatic potential assay for prediction of outcomes in venous and arterial thrombosis and thrombo-inflammatory diseases. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:852-864. [PMID: 38649560 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-02975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Thromboembolic diseases including arterial and venous thrombosis are common causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Thrombosis frequently recurs and can also complicate many inflammatory conditions through the process of 'thrombo-inflammation,' as evidenced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current candidate biomarkers for thrombosis prediction, such as D-dimer, have poor predictive efficacy. This limits our capacity to tailor anticoagulation duration individually and may expose lower risk individuals to undue bleeding risk. Global coagulation assays, such as the Overall Haemostatic Potential (OHP) assay, that investigate fibrin generation and fibrinolysis, may provide a more accurate and functional assessment of hypercoagulability. We present a review of fibrin's critical role as a central modulator of thrombotic risk. The results of our studies demonstrating the OHP assay as a predictive biomarker in venous thromboembolism, chronic renal disease, diabetes mellitus, post-thrombotic syndrome, and COVID-19 are discussed. As a comprehensive and global measurement of fibrin generation and fibrinolytic capacity, the OHP assay may be a valuable addition to future multi-modal predictive tools in thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Wang
- Northern Health, 185 Cooper St, Epping, VIC, 3076, Australia.
| | - Prahlad Ho
- Northern Health, 185 Cooper St, Epping, VIC, 3076, Australia
| | - Harshal Nandurkar
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hui Yin Lim
- Northern Health, 185 Cooper St, Epping, VIC, 3076, Australia
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Freitas-Dias C, Gonçalves F, Martins F, Lemos I, Gonçalves LG, Serpa J. Interaction between NSCLC Cells, CD8 + T-Cells and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Potentiates Coagulation and Promotes Metabolic Remodeling-New Cues on CAT-VTE. Cells 2024; 13:305. [PMID: 38391918 PMCID: PMC10886748 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are frequent cancer-related complications associated with high mortality; thus, this urges the identification of predictive markers. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) used in cancer immunotherapy allow T-cell activation against cancer cells. Retrospective studies showed increased VTE following ICI administration in some patients. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are at high risk of thrombosis and thus, the adoption of immunotherapy, as a first-line treatment, seems to be associated with coagulation-fibrinolysis derangement. METHODS We pharmacologically modulated NSCLC cell lines in co-culture with CD8+ T-cells (TCD8+) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), isolated from healthy blood donors. The effects of ICIs Nivolumab and Ipilimumab on NSCLC cell death were assessed by annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry analysis. The potential procoagulant properties were analyzed by in vitro clotting assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The metabolic remodeling induced by the ICIs was explored by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis showed that TCD8+ and ICIs increase cell death in H292 and PC-9 cells but not in A549 cells. Conditioned media from NSCLC cells exposed to TCD8+ and ICI induced in vitro platelet aggregation. In A549, Podoplanin (PDPN) levels increased with Nivolumab. In H292, ICIs increased PDPN levels in the absence of TCD8+. In PC-9, Ipilimumab decreased PDPN levels, this effect being rescued by TCD8+. MDSCs did not interfere with the effect of TCD8+ in the production of TF or PDPN in any NSCLC cell lines. The exometabolome showed a metabolic remodeling in NSCLC cells upon exposure to TCD8+ and ICIs. CONCLUSIONS This study provides some insights into the interplay of immune cells, ICIs and cancer cells influencing the coagulation status. ICIs are important promoters of coagulation, benefiting from TCD8+ mediation. The exometabolome analysis highlighted the relevance of acetate, pyruvate, glycine, glutamine, valine, leucine and isoleucine as biomarkers. Further investigation is needed to validate this finding in a cohort of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Freitas-Dias
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.F.-D.); (F.G.); (F.M.); (I.L.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, FCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe Gonçalves
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.F.-D.); (F.G.); (F.M.); (I.L.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.F.-D.); (F.G.); (F.M.); (I.L.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lemos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.F.-D.); (F.G.); (F.M.); (I.L.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís G. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.F.-D.); (F.G.); (F.M.); (I.L.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
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McDonald RG, Poulos DA, Woodall B, Gutzwiller L, Sheth RA, Good BC, Crouch AC. A MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging Sample Preparation Method for Venous Thrombosis with Initial Lipid Characterization of Lab-Made and Murine Clots. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:1879-1889. [PMID: 37439461 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its complications affect over 900,000 people in the U.S. annually, with a third of cases resulting in fatality. Despite such a high incidence rate, venous thrombosis research has not led to significant changes in clinical treatments, with standard anti-coagulant therapy (heparin followed by a vitamin K antagonist) being used since the 1950s. Mechanical thrombectomy is an alternative strategy for treating venous thrombosis; however, clinical guidelines for patient selection have not been well-established or accepted. The effectiveness of both treatments is impacted by the heterogeneity of the thrombus, including the mechanical properties of its cellular components and its molecular makeup. A full understanding of the complex interplay between disease initiation and progression, biochemical molecular changes, tissue function, and mechanical properties calls for a multiplex and multiscale approach. In this work, we establish a protocol for using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging to characterize spatial heterogeneity of biomolecules in lab-made blood clots and ex vivo murine thrombi. In this work, we compared (1) tissue preservation and cryosectioning methods, (2) various matrixes, 9-aminoacridine hydrochloride monohydrate (9AA), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), and alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix (CHCA), (3) plasma-rich versus red-blood-cell rich lab-made blood clots, and (4) lab-made blood clots versus ex vivo murine thrombi. This project is the first step in our work to combine mass spectrometry imaging with biomechanical testing of blood clots to improve our understanding of VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley G McDonald
- Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Demitria A Poulos
- Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Brittni Woodall
- Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Leah Gutzwiller
- Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Rahul A Sheth
- Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Bryan C Good
- Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Anna Colleen Crouch
- Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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de Moraes Pontes JG, Dos Santos RV, Tasic L. NMR-Metabolomics in COVID-19 Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1412:197-209. [PMID: 37378768 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 stands for Corona Virus Disease 2019, which starts as a viral infection that provokes illness with different symptoms and severity. The infected individuals can be asymptomatic or present with mild, moderate, severe, and critical illness with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute cardiac injury, and multiorgan failure. When the virus enters the cells, it replicates and provokes responses. Most diseased individuals resolve the problems in a short time but unfortunately, some may die, and almost 3 years after the first reported cases, COVID-19 still kills thousands per day worldwide. One of the problems in not curing the viral infection is that the virus passes by undetected in cells. This can be caused by the lack of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that start an orchestrated immune response, such as activation of type 1 interferons (IFNs), inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antiviral defenses. Before all of these events can happen, the virus uses the infected cells and numerous small molecules as sources of energy and building blocks for newly synthesized viral nanoparticles that travel to and infect other host cells. Therefore, studying the cell metabolome and metabolomic changes in biofluids might give insights into the state of the viral infection, viral loads, and defense response. NMR-metabolomics can help in solving the real-time host interactions by monitoring concentration changes in metabolites. This chapter addresses the state of the art of COVIDomics by NMR analyses and presents exemplified biomolecules identified in different world regions and gravities of illness as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roney Vander Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), CampinaEs, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), CampinaEs, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Giles JB, Miller EC, Steiner HE, Karnes JH. Elucidation of Cellular Contributions to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Using Omic Approaches. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:812830. [PMID: 35126147 PMCID: PMC8814424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.812830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an unpredictable, complex, immune-mediated adverse drug reaction associated with a high mortality. Despite decades of research into HIT, fundamental knowledge gaps persist regarding HIT likely due to the complex and unusual nature of the HIT immune response. Such knowledge gaps include the identity of a HIT immunogen, the intrinsic roles of various cell types and their interactions, and the molecular basis that distinguishes pathogenic and non-pathogenic PF4/heparin antibodies. While a key feature of HIT, thrombocytopenia, implicates platelets as a seminal cell fragment in HIT pathogenesis, strong evidence exists for critical roles of multiple cell types. The rise in omic technologies over the last decade has resulted in a number of agnostic, whole system approaches for biological research that may be especially informative for complex phenotypes. Applying multi-omics techniques to HIT has the potential to bring new insights into HIT pathophysiology and identify biomarkers with clinical utility. In this review, we review the clinical, immunological, and molecular features of HIT with emphasis on key cell types and their roles. We then address the applicability of several omic techniques underutilized in HIT, which have the potential to fill knowledge gaps related to HIT biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B. Giles
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Elise C. Miller
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Heidi E. Steiner
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jason H. Karnes
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Jason H. Karnes,
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Escobar MQ, Tasic L, da Costa TBBC, Stanisic D, Montalvão S, Huber S, Annichino-Bizzacchi JM. Serum Metabolic Profiles Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy among Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis and Healthy Controls. Metabolites 2021; 11:874. [PMID: 34940632 PMCID: PMC8704499 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Studies on changes in the level of metabolites could have the potential to reveal biomarkers that can assist in the early detection, diagnosis, monitoring of DVT progression, response to treatment, or recurrence of DVT. In this scenario, the metabolomic analysis can provide a better understanding of the biochemical dysregulations of thrombosis. Using an untargeted metabolomic approach through magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multi- and univariate statistical analysis, we compared 40 patients with previous venous thrombosis and 40 healthy individuals, and we showed important serum differences between patients and controls, especially in the spectral regions that correspond to glucose, lipids, unsaturated lipids, and glycoprotein A. Considering the groups depending on risk factors and the local of the previous episode (lower limbs or cerebral system), we also noticed differences in metabolites linked to lipids and lactate. Comparative analyses pointed to altered ratios of glucose/lactate and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)/alanine, which might be associated with the fingerprints of thrombosis. Although samples for metabolomic analysis were collected months after the acute episode, these results highlighted that, alterations can still remain and may contribute to a better understanding of the complications of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Quintero Escobar
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Hemocentro, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil; (S.M.); (S.H.)
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (T.B.B.C.d.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (T.B.B.C.d.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Tassia Brena Barroso Carneiro da Costa
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (T.B.B.C.d.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Danijela Stanisic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (T.B.B.C.d.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Silmara Montalvão
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Hemocentro, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil; (S.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Stephany Huber
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Hemocentro, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil; (S.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Joyce Maria Annichino-Bizzacchi
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Hemocentro, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil; (S.M.); (S.H.)
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Urinary Metabolic Markers of Bladder Cancer: A Reflection of the Tumor or the Response of the Body? Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110756. [PMID: 34822414 PMCID: PMC8621503 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work will review the metabolic information that various studies have obtained in recent years on bladder cancer, with particular attention to discovering biomarkers in urine for the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. In principle, they would be capable of complementing cystoscopy, an invasive but nowadays irreplaceable technique or, in the best case, of replacing it. We will evaluate the degree of reproducibility that the different experiments have shown in the indication of biomarkers, and a synthesis will be attempted to obtain a consensus list that is more likely to become a guideline for clinical practice. In further analysis, we will inquire into the origin of these dysregulated metabolites in patients with bladder cancer. For this purpose, it will be helpful to compare the imbalances measured in urine with those known inside tumor cells or tissues. Although the urine analysis is sometimes considered a liquid biopsy because of its direct contact with the tumor in the bladder wall, it contains metabolites from all organs and tissues of the body, and the tumor is separated from urine by the most impermeable barrier found in mammals. The distinction between the specific and systemic responses can help understand the disease and its consequences in more depth.
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Liu Y, He Q, Azad MAK, Xiao Y, Yin Y, Kong X. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Physiological Stage, Breed, and Diet Effects on the Intramuscular Metabolism of Amino Acids and Related Nutrients in Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:681192. [PMID: 34447801 PMCID: PMC8382954 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.681192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a complex tissue that exhibits considerable plasticity in response to nutrients, animal, or its growth stage, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of physiological stage, breed, and diet on the metabolome of the skeletal muscle of pigs. Ninety-six barrows, including 48 purebred Bama mini-pigs, representing the fat type, and 48 Landrace pigs, representing the lean type, were randomly assigned to either a low- or adequate-protein diet (n = 24 per group). The experimental period commenced at 5 weeks of age and extended to the finishing period. Psoas major muscles (PMMs) were collected at the nursery, growing, and finishing stages; and the contents of amino acids (AAs), fatty acids (FAs), and metabolites were analyzed using a nuclear magnetic resonance-based approach. Results showed that most AAs and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs; including C16:1 and C18:1) contents were increased (p < 0.05) gradually, while those of polyunsaturated FAs (including C18:2, C20:4n−6, C20:5n−3, and C22:6n−3) were decreased (p < 0.05) in the PMM with increasing age. Compared with Landrace pigs, Bama mini-pigs had higher (p < 0.05) contents of flavor-related AAs (including methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, and serine) in the nursery and growing stages and higher (p < 0.05) percentages of saturated FAs and MUFAs throughout the trial. Dietary protein levels affected the muscular profiles of AAs and FAs in an age-dependent manner. In addition, the adequate-protein diet increased (p < 0.05) the muscular contents of α-ketoglutarate in the two breeds. These findings indicate that the dynamic profiles of AAs, FAs, and metabolites in pig muscle tissues are regulated by breed, diet, and physiological stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breeds Germplasm Resources, Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Md Abul Kalam Azad
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Metabolomic Profile in Venous Thromboembolism (VTE). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080495. [PMID: 34436436 PMCID: PMC8400436 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition comprising deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The prevalence of this disease is constantly increasing and it is also a chief reason for morbidity. Therefore, the primary prevention of VTE remains a highly important public health issue. At present, its diagnosis generally relies on subjective clinical examination and ultrasound imaging. D-dimer is also used as a biomarker, but it is considered to be poorly specific and only moderately sensitive. There are also no reliable methods that could accurately guide the type of treatment and potentially identify patients who may benefit from more aggressive therapies without the risk of bleeding. The application of metabolomics profiling in the area of vascular diseases may become a turning point in early diagnosis and patient management. Among the most described metabolites possibly related to VTE are carnitine species, glucose, phenylalanine, 3-hydroxybutarate, lactic acid, tryptophan and some monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The cell response to acute PE was suggested to involve the uncoupling between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Despite technological advancement in the identification of metabolites and their alteration in thrombosis, we still do not understand the mechanisms and pathways responsible for the occurrence of observed alterations.
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