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Ben I, Zubach O, Zinchuk A. Development of a Model for Preliminary Diagnosis of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:507-513. [PMID: 37603305 PMCID: PMC10561743 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a vector-borne natural focal disease that is not officially registered in Ukraine. The first 13 cases of HGA in adults in Ukraine were identified in 2007. The purpose of our study was to develop a predictive model of HGA based on clinical and laboratory characteristics to develop a three-level standard case definition of HGA. Materials and Methods: Researchers examined 498 patients with suspected tick-borne infections and carried out a retrospective clinical and epidemiological analysis of 60 cases recruited from Lviv regional infectious disease hospitals. Logistic regression was used to create a model of the probability of the diagnosis of HGA depending on the presence of certain clinical and laboratory factors that, when examined, together may help to confirm a case of HGA. For logistic regression, eight clinical and laboratory factors were selected: history of tick bite, hyperthermia, signs of pharyngitis, changes in chest X-ray picture (enhancement of the pulmonary pattern and enlargement of the lung root boundaries), increased bilirubin (˃21 μmol/L), increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT ˃36 U/L), erythema migrans, and detected Lyme disease. Results: In the presence of all eight factors, the probability of HGA is 95.7%. When the five main signs are absent-signs of pharyngitis, changes in chest X-ray picture, increased bilirubin and ALT, and a history of tick bite-the probability of HGA in the patient dramatically decreases to 6.8%, meaning that HGA might be excluded. Conclusions: Based on the analysis of epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory signs, criteria for establishing a suspected, probable, and confirmed diagnosis of HGA have been developed to improve diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Ben
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Zubach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Zinchuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Belova OA, Polienko AE, Averianova AD, Karganova GG. Development Features of Ixodes ricinus × I. persulcatus Hybrids under Laboratory Conditions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2252. [PMID: 37764095 PMCID: PMC10536943 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Widely distributed Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks transmit many pathogens of both medical and veterinary significance. The ranges of these tick species overlap and form large sympatric areas in the East European Plain and Baltic countries. It has previously been shown that crossing I. ricinus and I. persulcatus is possible, resulting in the appearance of sterile hybrids. In the present study, we analyzed the features of this hybrid's life cycle under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, virgin females of I. ricinus and I. persulcatus ticks were obtained in the laboratory, and hybrid generations of ticks were bred from the reciprocal crossings of these two tick species. According to our data, mating the females of I. ricinus and I. persulcatus with the males of another species leads to a decrease in the engorgement success of the females, a decrease in the number of hatched larvae, and the appearance of a hybrid generation in which both females and males are sterile. Under laboratory conditions at a constant room temperature and under natural daylight, the morphogenetic diapause of the engorged I. persulcatus larvae began in September. For I. persulcatus nymphs, it occurred earlier than for I. ricinus, in October and November, respectively. The hybrids generally repeated the features of the life cycle of the mother species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana A. Belova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia (G.G.K.)
| | - Alexandra E. Polienko
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia (G.G.K.)
| | - Anastasia D. Averianova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia (G.G.K.)
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia (G.G.K.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Berzina I, Capligina V, Namina A, Visocka A, Ranka R. Haemotropic Mycoplasma species in pet cats in Latvia: a study, phylogenetic analysis and clinical case report. JFMS Open Rep 2021; 7:20551169211028088. [PMID: 34345434 PMCID: PMC8283089 DOI: 10.1177/20551169211028088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate whether haemotropic Mycoplasma species are detected in pet cats in Latvia, to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the detected pathogens and to report a clinical case of feline infectious anaemia. Methods Peripheral blood samples (n = 125) from pet cats were submitted; 99 samples were adequate to test for the presence of Mycoplasma species DNA by nested PCR. A clinical case was added in the later stages of the study. Positive isolates were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Results The prevalence of ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ was 15% (n = 15/99), that of Mycoplasma haemofelis was 5% (5/99) and that of ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’ was 2% (n = 2/99). Cases of coinfection included ‘Candidatus M haemominutum’ + M haemofelis (4%; n = 4/99) and ‘Candidatus M haemominutum’ + ‘Candidatus M turicensis’ (1%; n = 1/99). This is the first published report of M haemofelis infection in the Baltic states. Two different ‘Candidatus M turicensis’ isolates were discovered after phylogenetic analysis. Conclusions and relevance This report is the first of an autochthonous feline infectious anaemia case in the Baltic region. The prevalence of Mycoplasma species was similar to that in other northern European countries. Phylogenetic analysis revealed variability of the isolates; one of the ‘Candidatus M turicensis’ genotypes was detected for the first time in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inese Berzina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | | | - Agne Namina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alina Visocka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
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El Hamiani Khatat S, Daminet S, Duchateau L, Elhachimi L, Kachani M, Sahibi H. Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Features of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Dogs: A Systematic Review. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:686644. [PMID: 34250067 PMCID: PMC8260688 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.686644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a worldwide emerging zoonotic tick-borne pathogen transmitted by Ixodid ticks and naturally maintained in complex and incompletely assessed enzootic cycles. Several studies have demonstrated an extensive genetic variability with variable host tropisms and pathogenicity. However, the relationship between genetic diversity and modified pathogenicity is not yet understood. Because of their proximity to humans, dogs are potential sentinels for the transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Furthermore, the strong molecular similarity between human and canine isolates of A. phagocytophilum in Europe and the USA and the positive association in the distribution of human and canine cases in the USA emphasizes the epidemiological role of dogs. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects and survives within neutrophils by disregulating neutrophil functions and evading specific immune responses. Moreover, the complex interaction between the bacterium and the infected host immune system contribute to induce inflammatory injuries. Canine granulocytic anaplasmosis is an acute febrile illness characterized by lethargy, inappetence, weight loss and musculoskeletal pain. Hematological and biochemistry profile modifications associated with this disease are unspecific and include thrombocytopenia, anemia, morulae within neutrophils and increased liver enzymes activity. Coinfections with other tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) may occur, especially with Borrelia burgdorferi, complicating the clinical presentation, diagnosis and response to treatment. Although clinical studies have been published in dogs, it remains unclear if several clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities can be related to this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah El Hamiani Khatat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Department of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Latifa Elhachimi
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Parasitology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Malika Kachani
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Hamid Sahibi
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Parasitology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
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Kivrane A, Namina A, Seleznova M, Akopjana S, Capligina V, Ranka R. Development of a real-time PCR method for rapid diagnosis of canine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:266. [PMID: 34016173 PMCID: PMC8139040 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine babesiosis and anaplasmosis, caused by Babesia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, respectively, are significant tick-borne diseases in Baltic countries. Both diseases can be diagnosed on the basis of clinicopathological findings, by direct pathogen detection in blood smears or by indirect pathogen detection; however, because of high selectivity and specificity, molecular methods may be advantageous. The goal of this study was to develop a duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for the detection of B. canis and A. phagocytophilum in canine clinical samples. Methods Sequence-based polymorphism analysis of genes encoding B. canis-specific merozoite surface protein Bc28.1 (Bc28.1) and A. phagocytophilum malate dehydrogenase (mdh) was performed on pathogen isolates present in Latvian domestic dogs. The obtained results were used to design a species-specific duplex RT-PCR assay. Results The presence of three B. canis Bc28.1 gene sequence types was revealed in canine samples with a nonuniform geographical distribution, and two types of A. phagocytophilum mdh genes were detected. The novel duplex RT-PCR assay provided correct classification of samples positive and negative for B. canis and A. phagocytophilum. The analytical sensitivity of this assay was ten gene copies/ reaction for both pathogens. Conclusions A novel duplex RT-PCR molecular method was developed for the detection of B. canis and A. phagocytophilum in canine clinical samples. Sequence variability of Bc28.1 and mdh genes indicated the genetic variability of B. canis and A. phagocytophilum isolates occurring in Latvian domestic dogs. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04756-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnija Kivrane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Agne Namina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Seleznova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sarmite Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Valentina Capligina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia.
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Springer A, Glass A, Topp AK, Strube C. Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Temperate and Cold Regions of Europe-A Review on the Prevalence in Domestic Animals. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:604910. [PMID: 33363242 PMCID: PMC7758354 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.604910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks transmit a variety of pathogens affecting both human and animal health. In temperate and cold regions of Europe (Western, Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe), the most relevant zoonotic tick-borne pathogens are tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. More rarely, Rickettsia spp., Neoehrlichia mikurensis, and zoonotic Babesia spp. are identified as a cause of human disease. Domestic animals may also be clinically affected by these pathogens, and, furthermore, can be regarded as sentinel hosts for their occurrence in a certain area, or even play a role as reservoirs or amplifying hosts. For example, viraemic ruminants may transmit TBEV to humans via raw milk products. This review summarizes the role of domestic animals, including ruminants, horses, dogs, and cats, in the ecology of TBEV, Borrelia spp., A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., N. mikurensis, and zoonotic Babesia species. It gives an overview on the (sero-)prevalence of these infectious agents in domestic animals in temperate/cold regions of Europe, based on 148 individual prevalence studies. Meta-analyses of seroprevalence in asymptomatic animals estimated an overall seroprevalence of 2.7% for TBEV, 12.9% for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), 16.2% for A. phagocytophilum and 7.4% for Babesia divergens, with a high level of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses with regard to animal species, diagnostic test, geographical region and decade of sampling were mostly non-significant, with the exception of significantly lower B. burgdorferi s.l. seroprevalences in dogs than in horses and cattle. More surveillance studies employing highly sensitive and specific test methods and including hitherto non-investigated regions are needed to determine if and how global changes in terms of climate, land use, agricultural practices and human behavior impact the frequency of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Seleznova M, Kivrane A, Namina A, Krumins R, Aleinikova D, Lazovska M, Akopjana S, Capligina V, Ranka R. Babesiosis in Latvian domestic dogs, 2016-2019. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101459. [PMID: 32723644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine babesiosis is tick-borne infection that represents a major veterinary issue in Central and Eastern Europe with a tendency to expand northwards. The first published report in Latvia about autochthonous cases of babesiosis in domestic dogs with no travel history was in 2013, and to the best of our knowledge, no other studies on this issue have been published to date. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence and clinical manifestations of babesiosis in Latvian domestic dogs with a history of tick exposure to determine the extent to which Babesia sp. causes the disease and to map outbreaks in Latvia. From 2016 to 2019, blood samples from dogs were collected, and molecular testing was performed by nested PCR using Babesia sp.-specific primers. In total, 43 of 262 samples were Babesia canis-positive. A seasonal pattern was observed for the outbreaks, as the majority of B. canis-positive samples (98%) were submitted between April and June, and there was a single canine babesiosis case recorded in October. Nearly half of the cases (46.5%) were recorded in the capital, Riga, and other cases were recorded in southern and western parts of Latvia. Clinical signs were consistent with typical manifestations of acute canine babesiosis; most common hematological changes were thrombocytopenia (89%) and normocytic normochromic anemia (69%). Blood smear microscopy was positive for 79% of cases. Two B. canis genotypes were distinguished on the basis of two nucleotide (GA → AG) substitutions in the 18S rRNA gene at positions 610/611; however, no relationship between the genotypes and the severity of the disease was found. In conclusion, canine babesiosis has become an endemic disease in the southern and western regions of Latvia and is caused solely by the large babesia species B. canis. Awareness among veterinarians and pet owners regarding the disease should be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Seleznova
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Agnija Kivrane
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Agne Namina
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Rudolfs Krumins
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Darja Aleinikova
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Marija Lazovska
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Sarmite Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Valentina Capligina
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia.
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Namina A, Capligina V, Seleznova M, Krumins R, Aleinikova D, Kivrane A, Akopjana S, Lazovska M, Berzina I, Ranka R. Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from dogs, Latvia, 2011-2016. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:398. [PMID: 31694625 PMCID: PMC6836430 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different tick species are able to transmit different pathogens, and tick-borne diseases are of substantial concern worldwide for both humans and animals. Environmental changes and changes in the range of tick species, including Dermacentor reticulatus in Europe, can affect the spread of zoonotic pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the tick-borne pathogens in ticks removed from dogs in Latvia, and to explore possible changes between years 2011 and 2016. RESULTS In 2011, only Ixodes ticks (221 Ixodes ricinus and 22 Ixodes persulcatus) were collected from dogs, while in 2016 tick samples belonged to Ixodes ricinus (360), Ixodes persulcatus (2) and Dermacentor reticulatus (27) species. In total, 35.8 and 40.0% of adult ticks were pathogen-positive in 2011 and 2016, respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The molecular analysis indicated the presence of 13 tick-borne microorganisms; the most prevalent pathogen was Rickettsia, followed by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group spirochetes, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia species. Borrelia miyamotoi was also present. A co-infection with two and three tick-borne pathogens was detected in 7.9 and 7.4% of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, respectively. The results of this study confirmed that the spread of novel vectors could bring additional risk of exposure to novel emerging pathogens to pets and their owners, as both Babesia canis and Rickettsia raoultii were shown to be highly associated with Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in Latvia. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential danger from the inadvertent introduction of novel disease pathogens and vectors. Awareness of co-infections and Dermacentor reticulatus-related pathogens needs to be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Namina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Valentina Capligina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Maija Seleznova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Rudolfs Krumins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Darja Aleinikova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Agnija Kivrane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Sarmite Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Marija Lazovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | | | - Renate Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia.
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Hai VV, Almeras L, Socolovschi C, Raoult D, Parola P, Pagès F. Monitoring human tick-borne disease risk and tick bite exposure in Europe: available tools and promising future methods. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5:607-19. [PMID: 25178542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are the main vector for infectious disease pathogens in both humans and animals, and tick-borne diseases are currently spreading throughout Europe. Various surveillance methods have been developed to estimate the burden and risk of tick-borne diseases and host exposure to tick bites. The ultimate aims of these approaches are to determine the risk level of a tick-borne disease in a given area, determine its health priority, identify the at-risk population and propose specific countermeasures or complementary studies as needed. The purpose of this review is to present the current methods for monitoring the circulation of tick-borne diseases and to highlight the use of salivary antigens as original and recently developed serological tools that could be useful for tick bite risk assessment and could improve the current surveillance methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Vu Hai
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Antenne Marseille, Unité de Parasitologie, URMITE UMR 6236, GSBdD de Marseille Aubagne, 111 Avenue de la Corse BP 40026, 13568 Marseille Cedex 02, France
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Antenne Marseille, Unité de Parasitologie, URMITE UMR 6236, GSBdD de Marseille Aubagne, 111 Avenue de la Corse BP 40026, 13568 Marseille Cedex 02, France
| | - Cristina Socolovschi
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
| | - Frédéric Pagès
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; CIRE/ARS Océan Indien, 2 bis Avenue Georges Brassens CS 60050, 97408 Saint Denis Cedex 9, Reunion.
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Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from migratory birds in Latvia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2013; 5:75-81. [PMID: 24246709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Migratory birds act as hosts and long-distance vectors for several tick-borne infectious agents. Here, feeding Ixodes ticks were collected from migratory birds during the autumn migration period in Latvia and screened for the presence of epidemiologically important non-viral pathogens. A total of 93 DNA samples of ticks (37 larvae and 56 nymphs) removed from 41 birds (order Passeriformes, 9 species) was tested for Lyme borreliosis spirochaetes, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., and Babesia spp. Borrelia burgdorferi DNA was detected in 18% of the tick samples, and a majority of infected ticks were from thrush (Turdus spp.) birds. Among the infected ticks, Borrelia valaisiana was detected in 41% of cases, Borrelia garinii in 35%, and mixed Bo. valaisiana and Bo. garinii infection in 24%. Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected in 2% of ticks, R. helvetica in 12%, and Babesia spp. pathogens in 4% of ticks. Among these samples, 3 Babesia species were identified: Ba. divergens, Ba. microti, and Ba. venatorum. Coinfection with different pathogens that included mixed infections with different Borrelia genospecies was found in 20% of nymphal and 3% of larval Ixodes ticks. These results suggest that migratory birds may support the circulation and spread of medically significant zoonoses in Europe.
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Berzina I, Matise I. Seroprevalence against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and occurence of antibody co-expression with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in Latvia. Ir Vet J 2013; 66:9. [PMID: 23692778 PMCID: PMC3680213 DOI: 10.1186/2046-0481-66-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lyme disease is commonly diagnosed in humans in Latvia, but up to date no studies have been performed to investigate its prevalence in dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate if seroprevalence against B. burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi s.l.) and co-expression of antibodies against B.burgdorferi s.l. and A. phagocytophilum is higher in dogs with clinical suspicion of tick-borne diseases compared to healthy dogs. Findings Venous blood was taken from healthy dogs (n=441) and dogs suspected to have borreliosis and/ or canine granulocytic anaplasmosis (n=29). The presence of antibodies was detected with SNAP 4Dx test (IDEXX, Westbrook, Maine, USA). The seroprevalence against B. burgdorferi s.l. in healthy dogs was 2.49% (11/441) and 36% (4/11) of seropositive dogs had antibodies against both of investigated bacteria. None of the dogs in sick dog group had detectable antibodies against B. burgdorferi s.l. Conclusions We conclude that seroprevalence to B. burgdorferi s.l. in dogs in Latvia is low and that dogs with suspicion of tick-borne disease do not have higher B. burgdorferi s.l. seroprevalence than healthy dogs. Dogs that express antibodies against B. burgdorferi s.l. frequently co-express antibodies against A. phagocytophilum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inese Berzina
- Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Preclinical Institute, Pathology department, Kr, Helmana Street 8, Jelgava, LV-3004, Latvia.
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