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Azevedo BT, de Oliveira HN, Katiki LM, Filho AEV, Domingos AG, Antunes S, Okino CH, de Sena Oliveira MC, Ibelli AMG, Giglioti R. A small proportion of Zebu genetic background in crossbred calves may not be enough to improve resistance against natural bovine Babesia spp. infections. Vet Parasitol 2024; 328:110165. [PMID: 38490159 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of cattle breeders in tropical and subtropical regions is to acquire animals with taurine-productive traits adapted to the broad weather range of these regions. However, one of the main challenges on using taurine genetics in these areas is the high susceptibility of these animals to tick-borne diseases. Consequently, the present study evaluated from 10 November 2021-19 April 2022, the over 13 assessments, the Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina DNA loads and the IgG anti-B. bovis and anti-B. bigemina levels in Angus (n = 17, 100% Taurine) and Ultrablack (n = 14, ∼82% taurine and 18% Zebu) calves. Data were analyzed using a multivariate mixed model with repeated measures of the same animal including the fixed effects of evaluation, genetic group, sex, Babesia spp., and their interactions. The repeatability values were estimated from the (co)variances matrix and expressed for each species. The correlations between the DNA loads (CNlog) and IgG titers (S/P) values for the two species were also estimated using the same model. Regarding the specific IgG antibody titers for both Babesia spp., no significant differences were observed between the two genetic groups. However, for B. bovis and B. bigemina DNA loads, Ultrablack calves presented significantly higher values than Angus calves. Under the conditions evaluated in this study, our findings suggest that the low percentage of Zebu genetic in the Ultrablack breed was insufficient to improve resistance against babesiosis. Further studies must demonstrate if the low percentages of Zebu genetics in Taurine breeds can modify the susceptibility to babesiosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Tainá Azevedo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Antunes
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
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Rahal NM, Luz GB, Martins KR, Gasperin BG, Feijó JDO, Dalto AGC, Rovani MT, Cunha RC, Corrêa MN. Association between chronic Anaplasma marginale and Babesia spp. infection and hematological parameters of taurine heifers. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 32:e006423. [PMID: 37672469 PMCID: PMC10503823 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between chronic Anaplasma marginale and Babesia spp. infection and hematological parameters of pregnant and non-pregnant taurine heifers. Blood samples from 94 females were collected on the first day (D-10) of timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol and on pregnancy diagnosis (D+34). Hematological parameters were determined and compared between pregnant (PG) and non-pregnant (NPG) heifers, and within group at different sampling days. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to determine A. marginale and Babesia bovis infection, and for absolute quantification of Babesia spp. between PG and NPG groups. Correlation analysis was performed between the number of gDNA copies (CN) of Babesia spp. and hematological parameters. On D-10, mean hemoglobin concentration was higher for NPG, and hematocrit and total plasma protein were higher on D+34 for both groups. There was no difference in Babesia spp. CN between groups. In the first qPCR, all heifers were positive for A. marginale and B. bovis. Significant correlations were found between hemoglobin and erythrocyte and between hemoglobin and hematocrit (r = 0.8082 and r = 0.3009, respectively). Low levels of A. marginale and Babesia spp. did not affect hematological parameters of chronically infected pregnant and non-pregnant taurine heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Machado Rahal
- Núcleo de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária – NUPEEC, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Bueno Luz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária – NUPEEC, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Kauê Rodriguez Martins
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Veterinária – LaBMol-Vet, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Josiane de Oliveira Feijó
- Núcleo de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária – NUPEEC, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - André Gustavo Cabrera Dalto
- Rede Fibra, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, RS, Brasil
- Setor de Grandes Ruminantes, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Monique Tomazele Rovani
- Rede Fibra, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, RS, Brasil
- Setor de Grandes Ruminantes, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Casquero Cunha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Veterinária – LaBMol-Vet, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcio Nunes Corrêa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária – NUPEEC, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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Martins KR, Garcia MV, Bonatte-Junior P, Duarte PO, Csordas BG, Higa LDOS, Zimmermann NP, Barros JC, Andreotti R. Seasonal fluctuations of Babesia bigemina and Rhipicephalus microplus in Brangus and Nellore cattle reared in the Cerrado biome, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:395. [PMID: 36307861 PMCID: PMC9617377 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Canestrini, 1888) causes substantial economic and health losses in cattle production and is the main vector of Babesia bigemina (Piroplasmidae: Babesidae, Smith & Kilborne, 1893). Babesia bigemina is responsible for a tick-borne disease known as babesiosis that can cause hemolytic anemia, fever and death. In the study reported here, we investigated the relationship between the number of ticks per animal and the number of B. bigemina cytochrome b gene (cbisg) copies in the blood of Brangus and Nellore cattle reared without acaricidal treatment in the Brazilian Cerrado biome over a 1-year period. Methods Ticks on 19 animals (9 Brangus and 10 Nellore cattle) were counted every 18 days, and blood was collected every 36 days for 12 months. Serological samples were analyzed with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and genomic DNA was analyzed by conventional PCR and quantitative PCR. The PCR products were sequenced by the Sanger method. Results The Brangus and Nellore breeds showed similar weight development and no clinical signs of babesiosis. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the breeds were observed for the number of ticks and the number of B. bigemina cbisg gene copies. Conclusions No correlation between the number of ticks and the number of circulating copies of cbisg was observed, although Nellore cattle presented with fewer ticks than Brangus cattle and the number of cbisg copies was higher for Nellore cattle than for Brangus cattle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05513-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauê Rodriguez Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.,Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil
| | - Marcos Valério Garcia
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil
| | - Paulino Bonatte-Junior
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Pâmella Oliveira Duarte
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Barbara Guimarães Csordas
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Oliveira Souza Higa
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Namor Pinheiro Zimmermann
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Campus Palotina, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Cavalcante Barros
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Renato Andreotti
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.
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Ferreira GCM, Canozzi MEA, Peripolli V, Moura GDP, Sánchez J, Martins CEN. Prevalence of bovine Babesia spp., Anaplasma marginale, and their co-infections in Latin America: systematic review-meta-analysis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:101967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Giglioti R, Okino CH, Azevedo BT, Wedy BCR, Gutmanis G, Veríssimo CJ, Katiki LM, Filho AEV, de Oliveira HN, Oliveira MCDS. Semi-quantitative evaluation of Babesia bovis and B. bigemina infection levels estimated by HRM analysis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101753. [PMID: 34134061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis is economically the most important arthropod-borne disease of cattle worldwide. The most significant damage caused by bovine babesiosis is attributed to Babesia bovis due to its higher pathogenicity. This study aimed to develop a real-time PCR method followed by HRM (high-resolution melting) analysis for the simultaneous detection of B. bovis and B. bigemina, enabling a semi-quantitative analysis of Babesia levels using a single-tube reaction. The HRM was compared with real-time PCR using species-specific hydrolysis probes. The HRM analysis allowed to differentiate both Babesia species and was sensitive in the detection and differentiation of 10% for each Babesia species in the sample. Our results suggest the use of this method to estimate the prevalence of infections by B. bovis or B. bigemina as an alternative to the methods of absolute quantification by real-time PCR since it neither requires precise estimates of the number of DNA loads nor the construction of calibration curves. The simultaneous detection of the two Babesia species can be used to characterise the infection levels in cattle populations from different geographical regions, allowing a better control of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil.
| | | | - Bianca Tainá Azevedo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
| | | | - Gunta Gutmanis
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Cecília José Veríssimo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Luciana Morita Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
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Martins KR, Garcia MV, Bonatte-Junior P, Duarte PO, de Higa LOS, Csordas BG, Barros JC, Andreotti R. Correlation between Rhipicephalus microplus ticks and Anaplasma marginale infection in various cattle breeds in Brazil. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 81:585-598. [PMID: 32681278 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tick Rhipicephalus microplus is responsible for the transmission of Anaplasma marginale, which causes hemolytic anemia, abortion, decreased production, and mortality in cattle in Brazil. However, A. marginale can also persist in cattle herds without any clinical signs. This study investigated the relationship between the number of ticks present on each cattle and the circulating number of A. marginale msp1β gene copies in the blood of Brangus and Nellore cattle reared in the Brazilian Cerrado through a year period. Twenty-three animals (11 Brangus and 12 Nellore) were raised for 12 months with ticks counted every 18 days, and blood collected every 36 days. Blood sera was used for total antigen iELISA, genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood by the phenol/chloroform method and then analyzed by PCR to confirm A. marginale presence with the msp5 gene. Positive samples were quantified by qPCR using msp1β gene. Brangus cattle presented 4.5 fold more ticks than Nellore group. Although Brangus cattle carried a higher overall A. marginale msp1β gene presence than Nellore cattle, no relationship of tick count and copy number could be achieved due to high variability in copy number. Moreover, both breeds showed similar weight gain and a similar serological pattern throughout the year. None of the animals showed any clinical signs of anaplasmosis during the experimental period, indicating that a low level of tick infestation may be sufficient to maintain a stable enzootic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauê Rodriguez Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Valério Garcia
- Bolsista DCR, Fundapam - Governo do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul/Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulino Bonatte-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pãmella Oliveira Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro Oliveira Souza de Higa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Guimarães Csordas
- Bolsista DCR, Fundapam - Governo do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul/Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Cavalcante Barros
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Avenida Radio Maia, 830, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Renato Andreotti
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Avenida Radio Maia, 830, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
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Giglioti R, de Oliveira HN, Gutmanis G, Luciani GF, Azevedo BT, de Carvalho Fiorin CF, de Andrade MF, Silva MAF, Vercesi Filho AE, Katiki LM, Okino CH, de Sena Oliveira MC, Veríssimo CJ. Correlations and repeatability between Babesia spp. infection levels using two dairy cattle breeding systems. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 81:599-607. [PMID: 32676999 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina are tick-transmitted piroplasms that cause severe damage to the livestock industry in tropical regions of the world. Recent studies demonstrated differences in infection levels of these haemoparasites among bovine breeds and variation between individual cows regarding resistance to these diseases. This study aimed to estimate the repeatability and correlations between B. bovis and B. bigemina using two cattle breeding systems, an individual system (IS) and a collective paddock system (CPS). All animals were Holstein breed, and the levels of B. bovis and B. bigemina in blood samples were estimated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The estimated correlations for the B. bigemina and B. bovis DNA copy number for IS and CPS were moderate and high, respectively, whereas repeatability estimates for both systems and both Babesia species were moderate. Although we cannot infer that the type of rearing system directly influenced the correlation and repeatability coefficients, it appears that the bovine parasitemia burden may be dependent on (or determine) the parasitemia burden on ticks because the bovines remained in the same place for a longer time in both systems. Thus, the babesiosis infection levels of the ticks may have been uniform, a phenomenon that also ensures greater uniformity in cattle infection. This factor may have favored the occurrence of infected ticks leading to higher repeatability estimates and correlations. Our study confirms high variability in resistance/susceptibility between breeds, and the high correlations found may be linked to this characteristic and the most intensive breeding type of dairy cattle. Besides, under the present study conditions, the estimated correlations suggest that measuring an infection level of one Babesia species can predict the level of infection of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil.
| | | | - Gunta Gutmanis
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Tainá Azevedo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Morita Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cecília José Veríssimo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
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Giglioti R, de Oliveira HN, Okino CH, de Sena Oliveira MC. qPCR estimates of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection levels in beef cattle and Rhipicephalus microplus larvae. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2018; 75:235-240. [PMID: 29728802 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Babesia spp. are tick-transmitted intraerythrocytic apicomplexan parasites that infect wild and domestic animals. Babesia bovis and B. bigemina are endemic and responsible for enormous economic losses to the livestock industry in most of the Brazilian territory, wherein the tick Rhipicephalus microplus is the unique vector. Better understanding of epidemiology and parasite-host interactions may improve the tools for disease control and genetic management for selection of resistant animals. This study aimed to detect, quantify and measure the correlation between B. bigemina and B. bovis infection levels in bovine blood and into tick, by absolute quantification of hemoparasite DNA using qPCR. Blood bovine samples and larvae pools from 10 engorged R. microplus females were collected from each Canchim heifers (5/8 Charolais + 3/8 zebu, n = 36). All evaluated samples were positive for both Babesia species tested. Correlations of B. bovis and B. bigemina levels between cattle and tick host were 0.58 and 0.66, respectively. These high positive correlation coefficients indicate that parasitemia load in the bovine may be dependent on or may determine the parasitemia load in the ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Unesp Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, CP 339, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
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Giglioti R, de Oliveira HN, Bilhassi TB, Portilho AI, Okino CH, Marcondes CR, de Sena Oliveira MC. Estimates of repeatability and correlations of hemoparasites infection levels for cattle reared in endemic areas for Rhipicephalus microplus. Vet Parasitol 2018; 250:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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