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Duarte M, Pedrosa SS, Khusial PR, Madureira AR. Exploring the interplay between stress mediators and skin microbiota in shaping age-related hallmarks: A review. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111956. [PMID: 38906383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a major contributing factor to several health problems (e.g., depression, cardiovascular disease). Around 35 % of the world's population suffers from it, including younger generations. Physiologically, stress manifests through neuroendocrine pathways (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary (SAM) system) which culminate in the production of stress mediators like cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Stress and its mediators have been associated to body aging, through molecular mechanisms such as telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis, among others. Regarding its impact in the skin, stress impacts its structural integrity and physiological function. Despite this review focusing on several hallmarks of aging, emphasis was placed on skin microbiota dysbiosis. In this line, several studies, comprising different age groups, demographic contexts and body sites, have reported skin microbiota alterations associated with aging, and some effects of stress mediators on skin microbiota have also been reviewed in this paper. From a different perspective, since it is not a "traditional" stress mediator, oxytocin, a cortisol antagonist, has been related to glucorticoids inhibition and to display positive effects on cellular aging. This hormone dysregulation has been associated to psychological issues such as depression, whereas its upregulation has been linked to positive social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Duarte
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - P Raaj Khusial
- Amyris Biotech INC, 5885 Hollis St Ste 100, Emeryville, CA 94608-2405, USA
| | - Ana Raquel Madureira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal.
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2
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Yuk JM, Kim JK, Kim IS, Jo EK. TNF in Human Tuberculosis: A Double-Edged Sword. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e4. [PMID: 38455468 PMCID: PMC10917576 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
TNF, a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine, is important for protective immunity and immunopathology during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, which causes tuberculosis (TB) in humans. TNF is produced primarily by phagocytes in the lungs during the early stages of Mtb infection and performs diverse physiological and pathological functions by binding to its receptors in a context-dependent manner. TNF is essential for granuloma formation, chronic infection prevention, and macrophage recruitment to and activation at the site of infection. In animal models, TNF, in cooperation with chemokines, contributes to the initiation, maintenance, and clearance of mycobacteria in granulomas. Although anti-TNF therapy is effective against immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, it carries the risk of reactivating TB. Furthermore, TNF-associated inflammation contributes to cachexia in patients with TB. This review focuses on the multifaceted role of TNF in the pathogenesis and prevention of TB and underscores the importance of investigating the functions of TNF and its receptors in the establishment of protective immunity against and in the pathology of TB. Such investigations will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies that target TNF signaling, which makes beneficial and detrimental contributions to the pathogenesis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Yuk
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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3
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Lei Y, Rahman K, Cao X, Yang B, Zhou W, Reheman A, Cai L, Wang Y, Tyagi R, Wang Z, Chen X, Cao G. Epinephrine Stimulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth and Biofilm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17370. [PMID: 38139199 PMCID: PMC10743465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human stress hormones catecholamines play a critical role in communication between human microbiota and their hosts and influence the outcomes of bacterial infections. However, it is unclear how M. tuberculosis senses and responds to certain types of human stress hormones. In this study, we screened several human catecholamine stress hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) for their effects on Mycobacterium growth. Our results showed that epinephrine significantly stimulated the growth of M. tuberculosis in the serum-based medium as well as macrophages. In silico analysis and molecular docking suggested that the extra-cytoplasmic domain of the MprB might be the putative adrenergic sensor. Furthermore, we showed that epinephrine significantly enhances M. tuberculosis biofilm formation, which has distinct texture composition, antibiotic resistance, and stress tolerance. Together, our data revealed the effect and mechanism of epinephrine on the growth and biofilm formation of M. tuberculosis, which contributes to the understanding of the environmental perception and antibiotic resistance of M. tuberculosis and provides important clues for the understanding of bacterial pathogenesis and the development of novel antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Khaista Rahman
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Bing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Aikebaier Reheman
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Luxia Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Yifan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Rohit Tyagi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Gang Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
- Bio-Medical Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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4
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Kasuki L. Editorial: Rising stars in translational endocrinology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1266825. [PMID: 37635960 PMCID: PMC10456867 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Kasuki
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrinology Division, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuroendocrinology Division, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Díaz A, Diab M, Mata-Espinosa D, Bini E, D'Attilio L, Bottasso O, Hernández-Pando R, Bay ML, Bongiovanni B. The relationship between host defense peptides and adrenal steroids. An account of reciprocal influences. Cytokine 2023; 168:156229. [PMID: 37244247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM β-defensins 2 and -3 (HBD-2 and HBD-3) and cathelicidin LL-37 are host defense peptides (HDPs) that play a crucial role in the immune response against mycobacteria. Given our former studies in tuberculosis patients wherein their plasma levels of such peptides correlated with steroid hormone concentrations, we now studied the reciprocal influence of cortisol and/or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on HDPs biosynthesis and LL-37 on adrenal steroidogenesis. MAIN METHODS Cultures of macrophages derived from the THP-1 line were treated with cortisol (10-6M) and/or DHEA (10-6M and 10-7M) and stimulated with irradiated M. tuberculosis (Mi) or infected M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv to assess cytokine production, HDPs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and colony forming units. Cultures of NCI-H295-R adrenal line were treated with LL37 (5, 10, and 15 µg/ml) for 24 h to further measure cortisol and DHEA levels together with steroidogenic enzyme transcripts. KEY FINDINGS In macrophages, M. tuberculosis produced an increase of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, LL-37, HBD-2, and HBD-3 levels, irrespective of DHEA treatment. Adding cortisol to M. tuberculosis-stimulated cultures (with or without DHEA) decreased the amounts of these mediators, compared to only stimulated cultures. Although M. tuberculosis reduced ROS levels, DHEA increased these values in addition to diminishing intracellular mycobacterial growth (no matter cortisol treatment). In turn, studies on adrenal cells showed that LL-37 reduced the production of cortisol and DHEA besides modifying transcripts for some steroidogenic enzymes. SIGNIFICANCE while adrenal steroids seem to influence the production of HDPs, the former compounds are also likely to modulate adrenal biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Díaz
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 590 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNR, Santa Fe 3100 (S2002KTR) Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Magdalena Diab
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 590 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco De Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, México D.F (CP14080), México.
| | - Estela Bini
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco De Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, México D.F (CP14080), México.
| | - Luciano D'Attilio
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 590 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNR, Santa Fe 3100 (S2002KTR) Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Oscar Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 590 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNR, Santa Fe 3100 (S2002KTR) Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco De Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, México D.F (CP14080), México.
| | - María Luisa Bay
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 590 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNR, Santa Fe 3100 (S2002KTR) Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Bettina Bongiovanni
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 590 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Cs. Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina.
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6
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Dabitao D, Bishai WR. Sex and Gender Differences in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Treatment Outcomes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:139-183. [PMID: 37695428 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a daunting public health concern in many countries of the world. A consistent observation in the global epidemiology of tuberculosis is an excess of cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis among males compared with females. Data from both humans and animals also suggest that males are more susceptible than females to develop active pulmonary disease. Similarly, male sex has been associated with poor treatment outcomes. Despite this growing body of evidence, little is known about the mechanisms driving sex bias in tuberculosis disease. Two dominant hypotheses have been proposed to explain the predominance of active pulmonary tuberculosis among males. The first is based on the contribution of biological factors, such as sex hormones and genetic factors, on host immunity during tuberculosis. The second is focused on non-biological factors such as smoking, professional exposure, and health-seeking behaviors, known to be influenced by gender. In this chapter, we review the literature regarding these two prevailing hypotheses by presenting human but also experimental animal studies. In addition, we presented studies aiming at examining the impact of sex and gender on other clinical forms of tuberculosis such as latent tuberculosis infection and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which both appear to have their own specificities in relation to sex. We also highlighted potential intersections between sex and gender in the context of tuberculosis and shared future directions that could guide in elucidating mechanisms of sex-based differences in tuberculosis pathogenesis and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djeneba Dabitao
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - William R Bishai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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7
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Okugbeni N, du Toit A, Cole-Holman V, Johnson G, Loos B, Kinnear C. Measurement of Autophagy Activity Reveals Time-Dependent, Bacteria-Specific Turnover during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010024. [PMID: 36678372 PMCID: PMC9864524 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) uses various mechanisms to evade its killing. One of such is phagosomal damage and cytosolic translocation which is then targeted by the host's bactericidal autophagy pathway. It is suggested that cytosolic translocation of M. tb is time-dependent, occurring at later time points of 48 to 72 h post-infection. It is, however, not known whether increased autophagic targeting correlates with these time points of infection. We investigated the time-dependent profile of autophagy activity through the course of M. tb infection in mammalian macrophages. Autophagy activity was inferred by the turnover measurement of autophagy markers and M. tb bacilli in THP-1 and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Over a period of 4 to 72 h, we observed highest autophagy turnover at 48 h of infection in M. tb-containing cells. This was evident by the highest turnover levels of p62 and intracellular M. tb. This supports observations of phagosomal damage mostly occurring at this time point and reveal the correlation of increased autophagy activity. The findings support the preservation of autophagy activity despite M. tb infection while also highlighting time-dependent differences in M. tb-infected macrophages. Future studies may explore time-dependent exogenous autophagy targeting towards host-directed anti-tuberculosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Okugbeni
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics Centre, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - André du Toit
- Neuro Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Victoria Cole-Holman
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics Centre, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Glynis Johnson
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Neuro Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Craig Kinnear
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics Centre, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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8
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Bai X, Bai A, Tomasicchio M, Hagman JR, Buckle AM, Gupta A, Kadiyala V, Bevers S, Serban KA, Kim K, Feng Z, Spendier K, Hagen G, Fornis L, Griffith DE, Dzieciatkowska M, Sandhaus RA, Gerber AN, Chan ED. α1-Antitrypsin Binds to the Glucocorticoid Receptor with Anti-Inflammatory and Antimycobacterial Significance in Macrophages. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1746-1759. [PMID: 36162872 PMCID: PMC10829398 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
α1-Antitrypsin (AAT), a serine protease inhibitor, is the third most abundant protein in plasma. Although the best-known function of AAT is irreversible inhibition of elastase, AAT is an acute-phase reactant and is increasingly recognized to have a panoply of other functions, including as an anti-inflammatory mediator and a host-protective molecule against various pathogens. Although a canonical receptor for AAT has not been identified, AAT can be internalized into the cytoplasm and is known to affect gene regulation. Because AAT has anti-inflammatory properties, we examined whether AAT binds the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in human macrophages. We report the finding that AAT binds to GR using several approaches, including coimmunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and microscale thermophoresis. We also performed in silico molecular modeling and found that binding between AAT and GR has a plausible stereochemical basis. The significance of this interaction in macrophages is evinced by AAT inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB activation and IL-8 production as well as AAT induction of angiopoietin-like 4 protein, which are, in part, dependent on GR. Furthermore, this AAT-GR interaction contributes to a host-protective role against mycobacteria in macrophages. In summary, this study identifies a new mechanism for the gene regulation, anti-inflammatory, and host-defense properties of AAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Bai
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO;
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - An Bai
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Michele Tomasicchio
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, UCT Lung Institute and the MRC Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James R Hagman
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Ashley M Buckle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- PTNG Bio, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arnav Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | | | - Shaun Bevers
- Biophysics Core Facility, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Kevin Kim
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Zhihong Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kathrin Spendier
- Department of Physics & Energy Science, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO
- BioFrontiers Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO; and
| | - Guy Hagen
- Department of Physics & Energy Science, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO
- BioFrontiers Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO; and
| | | | | | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Proteomic Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Edward D Chan
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO;
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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9
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Madrid-Paulino E, Mata-Espinosa D, León-Contreras JC, Serrano-Fujarte I, Díaz de León-Guerrero S, Villaseñor T, Ramon-Luing L, Puente JL, Chavez-Galan L, Hernández-Pando R, Pérez-Martínez L, Pedraza-Alva G. Klf10 favors Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival by impairing IFN-γ production and preventing macrophages reprograming to macropinocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:475-490. [PMID: 35726707 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0422-288r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has developed diverse mechanisms to survive inside phagocytic cells, such as macrophages. Phagocytosis is a key process in eliminating invading pathogens; thus, M. tuberculosis efficiently disrupts phagosome maturation to ensure infection. However, inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages in response to early M. tuberculosis infection are key to promoting bacterial clarification. IFN-γ enhances M. tuberculosis engulfment and destruction by reprogramming macrophages from phagocytosis to macropinocytosis. Here, we show that the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 10 (Klf10) plays a positive role in M. tuberculosis survival and infection by negatively modulating IFN-γ levels. Naïve Klf10-deficient macrophages produce more IFN-γ upon stimulation than wild-type macrophages, thus enhancing bacterial uptake and bactericidal activity achieved by macropinocytosis. Moreover, Klf10⁻/ ⁻ macrophages showed cytoplasmic distribution of coronin 1 correlated with increased pseudopod count and length. In agreement with these observations, Klf10⁻/ ⁻ mice showed improved bacterial clearance from the lungs and increased viability. Altogether, our data indicate that Klf10 plays a critical role in M. tuberculosis survival by preventing macrophage reprogramming from phagocytosis to macropinocytosis by negatively regulating IFN-γ production upon macrophage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Madrid-Paulino
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isela Serrano-Fujarte
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sol Díaz de León-Guerrero
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Tomás Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lucero Ramon-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José L Puente
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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10
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Dehydroepiandrosterone exacerbates nigericin-induced abnormal autophagy and pyroptosis via GPER activation in LPS-primed macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:372. [PMID: 35440074 PMCID: PMC9018772 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a widely acknowledged FDA-approved dietary supplement or over-the-counter medicines, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory function. Pyroptosis is an important form of programmed cell death (PCD), and which acts a key role in the body's anti-infection and inflammatory responses. But the effects and mechanisms of DHEA on pyroptosis remain unclear. Here, we found that DHEA inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome components expression by blocking inflammatory signals in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed macrophages, and prevented the bacterial toxin nigericin (Nig)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. However, DHEA exacerbated NLRP3-independent cell death in Nig-treated inflammatory macrophages. During this process, DHEA induced the abnormal autophagy, which reflected as the blocking of autophagic flux and the accumulation of autophagy receptor p62 (SQSTM1) protein. In addition, DHEA caused a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in LPS plus Nig-stimulated macrophages but not in LPS-treated macrophages. Mechanistically, the present study certified that the activation of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) signal mediated the cell death induced by DHEA in Nig-stimulated inflammatory macrophages, as GPER specific inhibitor G15 alleviated the abnormal autophagy and ultimately prevented the gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis induced by DHEA. Collectively, DHEA can exacerbate Nig-induced abnormal autophagy and pyroptosis via activation of GPER in LPS-primed macrophages, which prompts us the potential application value of DHEA in anti-infection or anti-tumor immunity.
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11
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Bongiovanni B, Díaz A, Santucci N, D’Attilio LD, Bottasso O, Hernández Pando R, Bay ML. The Immunoregulatory Actions of DHEA in Tuberculosis, A Tool for Therapeutic Intervention? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:892270. [PMID: 35733782 PMCID: PMC9207529 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.892270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an androgen synthesized by the adrenal cortex, which is an intermediary in the biosynthesis of sex hormones, such as testosterone and estradiol. DHEA mostly circulates as a conjugated ester, in the form of sulfate (DHEA-S). There exist several endogenous factors able to influence its synthesis, the most common ones being the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), growth factors, and proinflammatory cytokines, among others. Like other steroid hormones, DHEA, can alter the functioning of immune cells and therefore the course of diseases exhibiting an immune-inflammatory component, mostly from autoimmune or infectious nature. We herein review the role played by DHEA during a major infectious disease like tuberculosis (TB). Data recorded from TB patients, mouse models, or in vitro studies show that DHEA is likely to be implied in better disease control. This provides a stimulating background for carrying out clinical studies aimed at assessing the usefulness of DHEA as an adjuvant in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bongiovanni
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Cs. Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ariana Díaz
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Natalia Santucci
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luciano David D’Attilio
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Oscar Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rogelio Hernández Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: María Luisa Bay, ; Rogelio Hernández Pando,
| | - María Luisa Bay
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María Luisa Bay, ; Rogelio Hernández Pando,
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12
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Hernández-Bustamante I, Santander-Plantamura Y, Mata-Espinosa D, Reyes-Chaparro A, Bini EI, Torre-Villalvazo I, Tovar AR, Barrios-Payan J, Marquina-Castillo B, Hernández-Pando R, Carranza A. Structural homology between 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inh-A enzyme: Dehydroepiandrosterone as a potential co-adjuvant treatment in diabetes-tuberculosis comorbidity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1055430. [PMID: 36699022 PMCID: PMC9870073 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1055430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is considered the precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tuberculosis is a leading infection that constitutes a global threat remaining a major cause of morbi-mortality in developing countries. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus are more likely to suffer from infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For both type 2 diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis, there is pulmonary production of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids mediated by the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). The adrenal hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) counteracts the glucocorticoid effects of cytokine production due to the inhibition of 11β-HSD1. Late advanced tuberculosis has been associated with the suppression of the Th1 response, evidenced by a high ratio of cortisol/DHEA. In a murine model of metabolic syndrome, we determined whether DHEA treatment modifies the pro-inflammatory cytokines due to the inhibition of the 11β-HSD1 expression. Since macrophages express 11β-HSD1, our second goal was incubating them with DHEA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to show that the microbicide effect was increased by DHEA. Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) is an essential enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis involved in the mycolic acid synthesis. Because 11β-HSD1 and InhA are members of a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family of enzymes, we hypothesize that DHEA could be an antagonist of InhA. Our results demonstrate that DHEA has a direct microbicide effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis; this effect was supported by in silico docking analysis and the molecular dynamic simulation studies between DHEA and InhA. Thus, DHEA increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung, inactivates GC by 11β-HSD1, and inhibits mycobacterial InhA. The multiple functions of DHEA suggest that this hormone or its synthetic analogs could be an efficient co-adjuvant for tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hernández-Bustamante
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yanina Santander-Plantamura
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Reyes-Chaparro
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Estela I. Bini
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payan
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Carranza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Andrea Carranza,
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13
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Thomas J, Stalker A, Breznan D, Thomson EM. Ozone-dependent increases in lung glucocorticoids and macrophage response: Effect modification by innate stress axis function. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:103662. [PMID: 33878450 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable inter-individual variability exists in health effects associated with air pollutant exposure, underlying reasons remain unclear. We examined whether innate differences in stress axis function modify lung glucocorticoid and macrophage responses to ozone (O3). Highly-stress responsive Fischer (F344) and less responsive Lewis (LEW) rats were exposed for 4 h by nose-only inhalation to air or O3 (0.8 ppm). Ozone increased corticosterone recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage in both strains (F344 > LEW). Higher corticosterone in F344 was associated with a blunted response to O3 of macrophage pro-inflammatory genes compared to LEW. Pharmacological inhibition of O3-dependent corticosterone production in F344 enhanced the inflammatory gene response to O3, mimicking the LEW phenotype. Examination of potential impacts of glucocorticoids on macrophage function using a human monocyte-derived macrophage cell line (THP-1) showed that cortisol modified phagocytosis in a macrophage phenotype-dependent manner. Overall, our data implicate endogenous glucocorticoids in the regulation of pulmonary macrophage responses to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jith Thomas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Stalker
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Dalibor Breznan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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14
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Adikesavalu H, Gopalaswamy R, Kumar A, Ranganathan UD, Shanmugam S. Autophagy Induction as a Host-Directed Therapeutic Strategy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:522. [PMID: 34070995 PMCID: PMC8224563 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterialinfectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), which causes significant mortality in humans worldwide. Current treatment regimen involve the administration of multiple antibiotics over the course of several months that contributes to patient non-compliance leading to relapse and the development of drug-resistant M.tb (MDR and XDR) strains. Together, these facts highlight the need for the development of shorter TB treatment regimens. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is a new and emerging concept that aims to augment host immune response using drugs/compounds with or without adjunct antibiotics against M.tb infection. Autophagy is a natural catabolic mechanism of the cell that involves delivering the cytosolic constituents to the lysosomes for degradation and recycling the components; thereby maintaining the cellular and energy homoeostasis of a cell. However, over the past decade, an improved understanding of the role of autophagy in immunity has led to autophagy activation by using drugs or agents. This autophagy manipulation may represent a promising host-directed therapeutic strategy for human TB. However, current clinical knowledge on implementing autophagy activation by drugs or agents, as a stand-alone HDT or as an adjunct with antibiotics to treat human TB is insufficient. In recent years, many reports on high-throughput drug screening and measurement of autophagic flux by fluorescence, high-content microscopy, flow cytometry, microplate reader and immunoblotting have been published for the discovery of drugs that modulate autophagy. In this review, we discuss the commonly used chemical screening approaches in mammalian cells for the discovery of autophagy activating drugs against M.tbinfection. We also summarize the various autophagy-activating agents, both pre-clinical candidates and compounds approved for advanced clinical investigation during mycobacterial infection. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using autophagy activation as HDT strategy to improve TB outcome and shorten treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harresh Adikesavalu
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India; (H.A.); (R.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Radha Gopalaswamy
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India; (H.A.); (R.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India; (H.A.); (R.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Uma Devi Ranganathan
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India;
| | - Sivakumar Shanmugam
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India; (H.A.); (R.G.); (A.K.)
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15
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Miura I, Komine S, Okada K, Wada S, Warabi E, Uchida F, Oh S, Suzuki H, Mizokami Y, Shoda J. Prevention of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by long-term exercise via the induction of phenotypic changes in Kupffer cells of hyperphagic obese mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14859. [PMID: 33991461 PMCID: PMC8123550 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by inducing phenotypic changes in Kupffer cells (KCs). p62/Sqstm1-knockout (p62-KO) mice develop NAFLD alongside hyperphagia-induced obesity. We evaluated (1) the effects of long-term exercise on the foreign-body phagocytic capacity of KCs, their surface marker expression, and the production of steroid hormones in p62-KO mice; and (2) whether long-term exercise prevented the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in p62-KO mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In experiment 1, 30-week-old male p62-KO mice were allocated to resting (p62-KO-Rest) or exercise (p62-KO-Ex) groups, and the latter performed long-term exercise over 4 weeks. Then, the phenotype of their KCs was compared to that of p62-KO-Rest and wild-type (WT) mice. In experiment 2, 5-week-old male p62-KO mice that were fed a HFD performed long-term exercise over 12 weeks. In experiment 1, the phagocytic capacity of KCs and the proportion of CD68-positive cells were lower in the p62-KO-Rest group than in the WT group, but they increased with long-term exercise. The percentage of CD11b-positive KCs was higher in the p62-KO-Rest group than in the WT group, but lower in the p62-KO-Ex group. The circulating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentration was higher in p62-KO-Ex mice than in p62-KO-Rest mice. In experiment 2, the body mass and composition of the p62-KO-Rest and p62-KO-Ex groups were similar, but the hepatomegaly, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis were less marked in p62-KO-Ex mice. The DHEA concentration was higher in p62-KO-Ex mice than in WT or p62-KO-Rest mice. Thus, long-term exercise restores the impaired phagocytic capacity of KCs in NAFLD obese mice, potentially through greater DHEA production, and prevents the development of NASH by ameliorating hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis. These results suggest a molecular mechanism for the beneficial effect of exercise in the management of patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuru Miura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shoichi Komine
- Faculty of Human Care, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Teikyo Heisei University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okada
- Tsukuba Preventive Medicine Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shota Wada
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Uchida
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sechang Oh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideo Suzuki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.,Tsukuba Preventive Medicine Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Mizokami
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichi Shoda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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16
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Marin-Luevano SP, Rodriguez-Carlos A, Jacobo-Delgado Y, Valdez-Miramontes C, Enciso-Moreno JA, Rivas-Santiago B. Steroid hormone modulates the production of cathelicidin and human β-defensins in lung epithelial cells and macrophages promoting Mycobacterium tuberculosis killing. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 128:102080. [PMID: 33799143 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have documented the interaction between the immune and endocrine systems as an effective defense strategy against tuberculosis, involving the production of several molecules and immunological processes. In this study, we determined the effect of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the production of antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidin and human β-defensin (HBD) -2, and HBD-3 and their effect on intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in lung epithelial cells and macrophages. Our results showed that DHEA promotes the production of these antimicrobial peptides in infected cells, correlating with the decrease of Mtb bacilli loads. These results suggest the use of exogenous DHEA as an adjuvant for tuberculosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P Marin-Luevano
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico; Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Adrian Rodriguez-Carlos
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Jacobo-Delgado
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Jose A Enciso-Moreno
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico.
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17
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Brauer VS, Zambuzi FA, Espíndola MS, Cavalcanti Neto MP, Prado MKB, Cardoso PM, Soares LS, Galvao-Lima LJ, Leopoldino AM, Cardoso CRDB, Frantz FG. The influence of dehydroepiandrosterone on effector functions of neutrophils. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000419139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Antimicrobial Peptide against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis That Activates Autophagy Is an Effective Treatment for Tuberculosis. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111071. [PMID: 33182483 PMCID: PMC7697726 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the principal cause of human tuberculosis (TB), which is a serious health problem worldwide. The development of innovative therapeutic modalities to treat TB is mainly due to the emergence of multi drug resistant (MDR) TB. Autophagy is a cell-host defense process. Previous studies have reported that autophagy-activating agents eliminate intracellular MDR MTB. Thus, combining a direct antibiotic activity against circulating bacteria with autophagy activation to eliminate bacteria residing inside cells could treat MDR TB. We show that the synthetic peptide, IP-1 (KFLNRFWHWLQLKPGQPMY), induced autophagy in HEK293T cells and macrophages at a low dose (10 μM), while increasing the dose (50 μM) induced cell death; IP-1 induced the secretion of TNFα in macrophages and killed Mtb at a dose where macrophages are not killed by IP-1. Moreover, IP-1 showed significant therapeutic activity in a mice model of progressive pulmonary TB. In terms of the mechanism of action, IP-1 sequesters ATP in vitro and inside living cells. Thus, IP-1 is the first antimicrobial peptide that eliminates MDR MTB infection by combining four activities: reducing ATP levels, bactericidal activity, autophagy activation, and TNFα secretion.
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19
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Stek C, Allwood B, Du Bruyn E, Buyze J, Schutz C, Thienemann F, Lombard A, Wilkinson RJ, Meintjes G, Lynen L. The effect of HIV-associated tuberculosis, tuberculosis-IRIS and prednisone on lung function. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01692-2019. [PMID: 31862762 PMCID: PMC7066470 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01692-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Residual pulmonary impairment is common after treatment for tuberculosis (TB). Lung function data in patients with HIV-associated TB are scarce, especially in the context of paradoxical TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) and prophylactic prednisone. We aimed to determine the prevalence of lung function abnormalities in patients with HIV-associated TB and CD4 counts ≤100 cells·μL−1 and assess the effect of prophylactic prednisone and the development of paradoxical TB-IRIS on pulmonary impairment. We performed spirometry, 6-min walk test (6MWT) and chest radiography at baseline (week 0) and at weeks 4, 12 and 28 in participants of the PredART trial, which evaluated a 28-day course of prednisone to prevent TB-IRIS in patients with HIV-associated TB commencing antiretroviral therapy. 153 participants underwent spirometry and/or 6MWT at one or more time points. Abnormal spirometry measurements were present in 66% of participants at week 0 and 50% at week 28; low forced vital capacity was the commonest abnormality. Chest radiographs showed little or no abnormalities in the majority of participants. Prednisone use resulted in a 42 m greater 6-min walk distance and a 4.9% higher percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s at week 4; these differences were no longer significantly different from week 12 onwards. TB-IRIS did not significantly impair lung function outcome. Residual pulmonary impairment is common in HIV-associated TB. In patients with low CD4 counts, neither prophylactic prednisone as used in our study nor the development of TB-IRIS significantly affected week-28 pulmonary outcome. Post-tuberculosis lung disease is common in patients with HIV-associated TB at high risk of TB-IRIS (CD4 count ≤100 cells·μL−1). Neither TB-IRIS itself, nor prednisone treatment, affected long-term pulmonary outcomes in a South African clinical setting.http://bit.ly/2RjMl9c
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari Stek
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium .,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian Allwood
- Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elsa Du Bruyn
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jozefien Buyze
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Schutz
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adele Lombard
- Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Dept of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lutgarde Lynen
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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20
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Use of glucocorticoids in the critical care setting: Science and clinical evidence. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 206:107428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Dehydroepiandrosterone resisted E. Coli O157:H7-induced inflammation via blocking the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways in mice. Cytokine 2019; 127:154955. [PMID: 31864092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a critical metabolite in cholesterol metabolism, can regulate the inflammatory responses in humans or animals. However, the precise mechanisms of these beneficial actions remains poorly understood. Present study aims to clarify the anti-inflammatory function of DHEA and its possible mechanisms in the E. coli O157:H7-stimulated mice. The results indicated that DHEA reduced the mortality of mice and bacterial concentration in the peritoneal fluid in the E. coli-stimulated mice. DHEA increased the spleen index, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase; while it decreased the nitric oxide (NO) content and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in mice. The mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were decreased, whereas the interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA levels were increased in the E. coli-stimulated mice treated with DHEA. Moreover, DHEA treatment reversed the increasing of IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in mice caused by E. coli infection. Importantly, DHEA blocked the nuclear translocation of p65 through down-regulation the IκB-α protein phosphorylation level in the mice stimulated with E. coli O157:H7. No statically changes were showed on the phospho (p)-ERK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 protein level, while DHEA significantly suppressed the p-p38 protein level in mice. The above results indicated that DHEA alleviated inflammatory responses by suppressing NO secretion and promoting Th2-associated anti-inflammatory cytokines production in mice; and this action might relate to the blocking of p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways activation. All the above results provide substantial information for understanding the anti-inflammatory function of DHEA and further support it as a potential immunomodulatory in prevention inflammatory and bacterial infection diseases.
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22
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Kim YS, Silwal P, Kim SY, Yoshimori T, Jo EK. Autophagy-activating strategies to promote innate defense against mycobacteria. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-10. [PMID: 31827065 PMCID: PMC6906292 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a major causal pathogen of human tuberculosis (TB), which is a serious health burden worldwide. The demand for the development of an innovative therapeutic strategy to treat TB is high due to drug-resistant forms of TB. Autophagy is a cell-autonomous host defense mechanism by which intracytoplasmic cargos can be delivered and then destroyed in lysosomes. Previous studies have reported that autophagy-activating agents and small molecules may be beneficial in restricting intracellular Mtb infection, even with multidrug-resistant Mtb strains. Recent studies have revealed the essential roles of host nuclear receptors (NRs) in the activation of the host defense through antibacterial autophagy against Mtb infection. In particular, we discuss the function of estrogen-related receptor (ERR) α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α in autophagy regulation to improve host defenses against Mtb infection. Despite promising findings relating to the antitubercular effects of various agents, our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which autophagy-activating agents suppress intracellular Mtb in vitro and in vivo is lacking. An improved understanding of the antibacterial autophagic mechanisms in the innate host defense will eventually lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for human TB. Therapies that promote intracellular digestion of microbes could prove a valuable addition to antibiotic weapons against tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) establishes itself within immune cells, and employs a variety of tricks to protect itself as it sickens its host. Researchers led by Eun-Kyeong Jo at Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea, have reviewed efforts to defeat this pathogen by jump-starting a cellular ‘recycling’ pathway called autophagy. Autophagy helps cells break down both biomolecules aggregates and potential invaders, but Mtb can elude such digestion. Jo and colleagues highlight antimycobacterial agents that can potentially render Mtb vulnerable to autophagy, as well as promising cellular targets that may allow researchers to access this process. For example, evidence suggests that agents that activate a regulatory protein such as ERRα or PPARα could stimulate cellular degradation of Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sak Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Drug & Disease Target Research Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, South Korea
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
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23
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Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on the immune function of mice in vivo and in vitro. Mol Immunol 2019; 112:283-290. [PMID: 31228660 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immune-regulating properties, while the mechanism of DHEA actions remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of DHEA on immune function of mice in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced experimental inflammation model was constructed to analyze the regulation of DHEA on anti-oxidative and immune function in ICR mice; In vitro, the effects of DHEA on the biological functions of lymphocytes and macrophages were studied. The results showed that DHEA increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, while it decreased the level of reactive oxygen species in LPS-induced mice. Meanwhile, DHEA increased the proportion of T lymphocytes and decreased that of B lymphocytes in primary cultured spleen lymphocytes, and markedly enhanced the Th1/Th2 ratio in spleen T lymphocytes. Furthermore, DHEA significantly increased the Th1 type cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-α) and decreased the Th2 type cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) levels in LPS-induced mice or in primary cultured spleen T lymphocytes. In addition, DHEA improved the phagocytic ability, enhanced the NO production and increased the iNOS activity in peritoneal macrophages. Our data indicates that DHEA increases the macrophages function via improving NO content and up-regulating TNF-α expression levels; and it evoked a Th1 immuno-response and repressed a Th2 immuno-response through promoting a shift in Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1-dominant immunity in vivo and in vitro. These results provide substantial evidence on the mechanism of DHEA-mediated immune function and the efficient protection against infectious and inflammatory response in animals and humans.
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24
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Holt MR, Miles JJ, Inder WJ, Thomson RM. Exploring immunomodulation by endocrine changes in Lady Windermere syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:28-38. [PMID: 30697704 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) occurs with disproportionate frequency in postmenopausal women with a unique phenotype and without clinically apparent predisposing factors. Dubbed 'Lady Windermere syndrome', the phenotype includes low body mass index (BMI), tall stature and higher than normal prevalence of scoliosis, pectus excavatum and mitral valve prolapse. Although the pathomechanism for susceptibility to NTM lung disease in these patients remains uncertain, it is likely to be multi-factorial. A role for the immunomodulatory consequences of oestrogen deficiency and altered adipokine production has been postulated. Altered levels of adipokines and dehydroepiandrosterone have been demonstrated in patients with NTM lung disease. Case reports of NTM lung disease in patients with hypopituitarism support the possibility that altered endocrine function influences disease susceptibility. This paper catalogues the evidence for immunomodulatory consequences of predicted endocrine changes in Lady Windermere syndrome, with emphasis on the immune response to NTM. Collectively, the data warrant further exploration of an endocrine link to disease susceptibility in Lady Windermere syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Holt
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J J Miles
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - W J Inder
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R M Thomson
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Pesce Viglietti AI, Giambartolomei GH, Delpino MV. Endocrine modulation of Brucella abortus-infected osteocytes function and osteoclastogenesis via modulation of RANKL/OPG. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:287-295. [PMID: 30735720 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarticular brucellosis is the most frequent complication of active disease. A large amount of cells in bone are osteocytes. Since bone remodeling process is regulated by hormones we sought to study the effect of cortisol and DHEA in Brucella abortus-infected osteocytes. Cortisol treatment inhibited the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-2 and RANKL in B. abortus-infected osteocytes. DHEA could reverse the inhibitory effect of cortisol on MMP-2 production. B. abortus infection inhibited connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in osteocytes. This expression was increased when cortisol was incorporated during the infection and DHEA treatment partially reversed the effect of cortisol. Osteocytes-infected with B. abortus induced osteoclast's differentiation. Yet, the presence of cortisol, but not DHEA, during osteocyte infection inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is implicated in the signaling of cortisol. Infection with B. abortus was able to increase GRα/β ratio. Levels of intracellular cortisol are not only dependent on GR expression but also a result of the activity of the isoenzymes 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD)-1 (cortisone to cortisol conversion), 11β-HSD2 (cortisol to cortisone conversion). B. abortus infection increased 11β-HSD 1/2 ratio and cortisone mimicked the effect of cortisol. Our results indicated that cortisol and DHEA could modulate osteocyte responses during B. abortus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Ivana Pesce Viglietti
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Hernán Giambartolomei
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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26
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Gentilini MV, Giambartolomei GH, Delpino MV. Adrenal Steroids Modulate Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Response During B. abortus Infection. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:722. [PMID: 31695682 PMCID: PMC6817619 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus stimulates an inflammatory immune response that stimulates the endocrine system, inducing the secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol. In humans, the active disease is generally present as osteoarticular brucellosis. In previous studies we showed that B. abortus infection of synoviocytes creates a proinflammatory microenvironment. We proposed to determine the role of cortisol and DHEA on synoviocytes and infiltrating monocytes during B. abortus infection. Cortisol inhibited IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and MMP-2 secretion induced by B. abortus infection in synovial fibroblast. Cortisol-mediated MMP-2 inhibition during B. abortus infection was reversed by IL-6. DHEA inhibited B. abortus-induced RANKL up-regulation in synovial fibroblast through estrogen receptor (ER). B. abortus infection did not modulate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression. Cell responses to cortisol also depended on its intracellular bioavailability, according to the activity of the isoenzymes 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type-1 and 11β-HSD2 (which are involved in cortisone-cortisol interconversion). B. abortus infection did not modify 11β-HSD1 expression and GRα/β ratio in the presence or absence of adrenal steroids. Supernatants from B. abortus-infected monocytes induced 11β-HSD1 in synovial cells. Administration of cortisone was capable of inhibiting the secretion of RANKL by synoviocytes mimicking cortisol's effect. These results go along with previous observations that highlighted the ability of synovial tissue to secrete active steroids, making it an intracrine tissue. This is the first study that contributes to the knowledge of the consequence of adrenal steroids on synoviocytes in the context of a bacterial infection.
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27
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Zetter M, Barrios-Payán J, Mata-Espinosa D, Marquina-Castillo B, Quintanar-Stephano A, Hernández-Pando R. Involvement of Vasopressin in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A New Therapeutic Target? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:351. [PMID: 31244771 PMCID: PMC6563385 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly complex infectious disease caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It is characterized by chronic granulomatous inflammation of the lung and systemic immune-neuroendocrine responses that have been associated with pathophysiology and disease outcome. Vasopressin (VP), a neurohypophysial hormone with immunomodulatory effects, is abnormally high in plasma of some patients with pulmonary TB, and is apparently produced ectopically. In this study, a BALB/c mouse model of progressive pulmonary TB was used to determine whether VP may play a role in TB pathophysiology. Our results show that VP gene is expressed in the lung since early infection, increasing as the infection progressed, and localized mainly in macrophages, which are key cells in mycobacterial elimination. Pharmacologic manipulation using agonist and antagonist compounds showed that high and sustained stimulation of VPR resulted in increased bacillary burdens and fibrosis at lungs, while blockade of VP receptors reduced bacterial loads. Accordingly, treatment of infected alveolar macrophages with VP in cell cultures resulted in high numbers of intracellular Mtb and impaired cytokine production. Thus, we show that VP is ectopically produced in the tuberculous lungs, with macrophages being its most possible target cell. Further, it seems that chronic vasopressinergic stimulation during active late disease causes anti-inflammatory and tissue reparative effects, which could be deleterious while its pharmacologic suppression reactivates protective immunity and contributes to shorten conventional chemotherapy, which could be a new possible form of immune-endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zetter
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Quintanar-Stephano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Rogelio Hernández-Pando
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28
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Seddon JA, Chiang SS, Esmail H, Coussens AK. The Wonder Years: What Can Primary School Children Teach Us About Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2946. [PMID: 30619306 PMCID: PMC6300506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In high burden settings, the risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis increases throughout childhood due to cumulative exposure. However, the risk of progressing from tuberculosis (TB) infection to disease varies by age. Young children (<5 years) have high risk of disease progression following infection. The risk falls in primary school children (5 to <10 years), but rises again during puberty. TB disease phenotype also varies by age: generally, young children have intrathoracic lymph node disease or disseminated disease, while adolescents (10 to <20 years) have adult-type pulmonary disease. TB risk also exhibits a gender difference: compared to adolescent boys, adolescent girls have an earlier rise in disease progression risk and higher TB incidence until early adulthood. Understanding why primary school children, during what we term the "Wonder Years," have low TB risk has implications for vaccine development, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostics. To understand why this group is at low risk, we need a better comprehension of why younger children and adolescents have higher risks, and why risk varies by gender. Immunological response to M. tuberculosis is central to these issues. Host response at key stages in the immunopathological interaction with M. tuberculosis influences risk and disease phenotype. Cell numbers and function change dramatically with age and sexual maturation. Young children have poorly functioning innate cells and a Th2 skew. During the "Wonder Years," there is a lymphocyte predominance and a Th1 skew. During puberty, neutrophils become more central to host response, and CD4+ T cells increase in number. Sex hormones (dehydroepiandrosterone, adiponectin, leptin, oestradiol, progesterone, and testosterone) profoundly affect immunity. Compared to girls, boys have a stronger Th1 profile and increased numbers of CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Girls are more Th2-skewed and elicit more enhanced inflammatory responses. Non-immunological factors (including exposure intensity, behavior, and co-infections) may impact disease. However, given the consistent patterns seen across time and geography, these factors likely are less central. Strategies to protect children and adolescents from TB may need to differ by age and sex. Further work is required to better understand the contribution of age and sex to M. tuberculosis immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Seddon
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Silvia S. Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Hanif Esmail
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna K. Coussens
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Division of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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29
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Stek C, Allwood B, Walker NF, Wilkinson RJ, Lynen L, Meintjes G. The Immune Mechanisms of Lung Parenchymal Damage in Tuberculosis and the Role of Host-Directed Therapy. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2603. [PMID: 30425706 PMCID: PMC6218626 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired lung function is common in people with a history of tuberculosis. Host-directed therapy added to tuberculosis treatment may reduce lung damage and result in improved lung function. An understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary damage in TB is fundamental to successfully predicting which interventions could be beneficial. In this review, we describe the different features of TB immunopathology that lead to impaired lung function, namely cavities, bronchiectasis, and fibrosis. We discuss the immunological processes that cause lung damage, focusing on studies performed in humans, and using chest radiograph abnormalities as a marker for pulmonary damage. We highlight the roles of matrix metalloproteinases, neutrophils, eicosanoids and cytokines, like tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1β, as well as the role of HIV co-infection. Finally, we focus on various existing drugs that affect one or more of the immunological mediators of lung damage and could therefore play a role as host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari Stek
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian Allwood
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Naomi F Walker
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lutgarde Lynen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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30
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Vegliante R, Ciriolo MR. Autophagy and Autophagic Cell Death: Uncovering New Mechanisms Whereby Dehydroepiandrosterone Promotes Beneficial Effects on Human Health. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 108:273-307. [PMID: 30029730 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the most abundant steroid hormone in human serum and a precursor of sexual hormones. Its levels, which are maximum between the age of 20 and 30, dramatically decline with aging thus raising the question that many pathological conditions typical of the elderly might be associated with the decrement of circulating DHEA. Moreover, since its very early discovery, DHEA and its metabolites have been shown to be active in many pathophysiological contexts, including cardiovascular disease, brain disorders, and cancer. Indeed, treatment with DHEA has beneficial effects for the cure of these and many other pathologies in vitro, in vivo, and in patient studies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying DHEA effects have been only partially elucidated. Autophagy is a self-digestive process, by which cell homeostasis is maintained, damaged organelles removed, and cell survival assured upon stress stimuli. However, high rate of autophagy is detrimental and leads to a form of programmed cell death known as autophagic cell death (ACD). In this chapter, we describe the process of autophagy and the morphological and biochemical features of ACD. Moreover, we analyze the beneficial effects of DHEA in several pathologies and the molecular mechanisms with particular emphasis on its regulation of cell death processes. Finally, we review data indicating DHEA and structurally related steroid hormones as modulators of both autophagy and ACD, a research field that opens new avenues in the therapeutic use of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Vegliante
- MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Hopital Civil-Institut d'Hématologie et Immunologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria R Ciriolo
- University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele 'La Pisana', Rome, Italy.
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Gentilini MV, Pesce Viglietti AI, Arriola Benitez PC, Iglesias Molli AE, Cerrone GE, Giambartolomei GH, Delpino MV. Inhibition of Osteoblast Function by Brucella abortus is Reversed by Dehydroepiandrosterone and Involves ERK1/2 and Estrogen Receptor. Front Immunol 2018; 9:88. [PMID: 29434601 PMCID: PMC5790783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus induces an inflammatory response that stimulates the endocrine system resulting in the secretion of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Osteoarticular brucellosis is the most common presentation of the active disease in humans, and we have previously demonstrated that B. abortus infection inhibits osteoblast function. We aimed to evaluate the role of cortisol and DHEA on osteoblast during B. abortus infection. B. abortus infection induces apoptosis and inhibits osteoblast function. DHEA treatment reversed the effect of B. abortus infection on osteoblast by increasing their proliferation, inhibiting osteoblast apoptosis, and reversing the inhibitory effect of B. abortus on osteoblast differentiation and function. By contrast, cortisol increased the effect of B. abortus infection. Cortisol regulates target genes by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). B. abortus infection inhibited GRα expression. Cell responses to cortisol not only depend on GR expression but also on its intracellular bioavailability, that is, dependent on the activity of the isoenzymes 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type-1, 11β-HSD2 (which convert cortisone to cortisol and vice versa, respectively). Alterations in the expression of these isoenzymes in bone cells are associated with bone loss. B. abortus infection increased 11β-HSD1 expression but had no effect on 11β-HSD2. DHEA reversed the inhibitory effect induced by B. abortus infection on osteoblast matrix deposition in an estrogen receptor- and ERK1/2-dependent manner. We conclude that DHEA intervention improves osteoblast function during B. abortus infection making it a potential candidate to ameliorate the osteoarticular symptoms of brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Virginia Gentilini
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Ivana Pesce Viglietti
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Andrea Elena Iglesias Molli
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gloria Edith Cerrone
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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D’Attilio L, Santucci N, Bongiovanni B, Bay ML, Bottasso O. Tuberculosis, the Disrupted Immune-Endocrine Response and the Potential Thymic Repercussion As a Contributing Factor to Disease Physiopathology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:214. [PMID: 29765355 PMCID: PMC5938357 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon the pathogen encounter, the host seeks to ensure an adequate inflammatory reaction to combat infection but at the same time tries to prevent collateral damage, through several regulatory mechanisms, like an endocrine response involving the production of adrenal steroid hormones. Our studies show that active tuberculosis (TB) patients present an immune-endocrine imbalance characterized by an impaired cellular immunity together with increased plasma levels of cortisol, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone. Studies in patients undergoing specific treatment revealed that cortisol levels remained increased even after several months of initiating therapy. In addition to the well-known metabolic and immunological effects, glucocorticoids are involved in thymic cortical depletion with immature thymocytes being quite sensitive to such an effect. The thymus is a central lymphoid organ supporting thymocyte T-cell development, i.e., lineage commitment, selection events and thymic emigration. While thymic TB is an infrequent manifestation of the disease, several pieces of experimental and clinical evidence point out that the thymus can be infected by mycobacteria. Beyond this, the thymic microenvironment during TB may be also altered because of the immune-hormonal alterations. The thymus may be then an additional target of organ involvement further contributing to a deficient control of infection and disease immunopathology.
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Exercise training enhances in vivo clearance of endotoxin and attenuates inflammatory responses by potentiating Kupffer cell phagocytosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11977. [PMID: 28931917 PMCID: PMC5607327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of Kupffer cells (KCs) to remove endotoxin is an important factor in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, the effects of exercise training on KC function were studied in terms of in vivo endotoxin clearance and inflammatory responses. Mice were allocated into rest and exercise groups. KC bead phagocytic capacity and plasma steroid hormone levels were determined following exercise training. Endotoxin and inflammatory cytokine levels in plasma were determined over time following endotoxin injection. KC bead phagocytic capacity was potentiated and clearance of exogenously-injected endotoxin was increased in the exercise group. Inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) levels were lower in the exercise group. We found that only DHEA was increased in the plasma of the exercise group. In an in vitro experiment, the addition of DHEA to RAW264.7 cells increased bead phagocytic capacity and attenuated endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses. These results suggest that exercise training modulates in vivo endotoxin clearance and inflammatory responses in association with increased DHEA production. These exercise-induced changes in KC capacity may contribute to a slowing of disease progression in NAFLD patients.
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Steiger J, Stephan A, Inkeles MS, Realegeno S, Bruns H, Kröll P, de Castro Kroner J, Sommer A, Batinica M, Pitzler L, Kalscheuer R, Hartmann P, Plum G, Stenger S, Pellegrini M, Brachvogel B, Modlin RL, Fabri M. Imatinib Triggers Phagolysosome Acidification and Antimicrobial Activity against Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin in Glucocorticoid-Treated Human Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:222-32. [PMID: 27233968 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are extensively used to treat inflammatory diseases; however, their chronic intake increases the risk for mycobacterial infections. Meanwhile, the effects of glucocorticoids on innate host responses are incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the direct effects of glucocorticoids on antimycobacterial host defense in primary human macrophages. We found that glucocorticoids triggered the expression of cathelicidin, an antimicrobial critical for antimycobacterial responses, independent of the intracellular vitamin D metabolism. Despite upregulating cathelicidin, glucocorticoids failed to promote macrophage antimycobacterial activity. Gene expression profiles of human macrophages treated with glucocorticoids and/or IFN-γ, which promotes induction of cathelicidin, as well as antimycobacterial activity, were investigated. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we identified a module of highly connected genes that was strongly inversely correlated with glucocorticoid treatment and associated with IFN-γ stimulation. This module was linked to the biological functions autophagy, phagosome maturation, and lytic vacuole/lysosome, and contained the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase subunit a3, alias TCIRG1, a known antimycobacterial host defense gene, as a top hub gene. We next found that glucocorticoids, in contrast with IFN-γ, failed to trigger expression and phagolysosome recruitment of TCIRG1, as well as to promote lysosome acidification. Finally, we demonstrated that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib induces lysosome acidification and antimicrobial activity in glucocorticoid-treated macrophages without reversing the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. Taken together, we provide evidence that the induction of cathelicidin by glucocorticoids is not sufficient for macrophage antimicrobial activity, and identify the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase as a potential target for host-directed therapy in the context of glucocorticoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steiger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Alexander Stephan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Megan S Inkeles
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Susan Realegeno
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Heiko Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine 5-Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Philipp Kröll
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Juliana de Castro Kroner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Andrea Sommer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Marina Batinica
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Lena Pitzler
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Pia Hartmann
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne 50935, Germany
| | - Georg Plum
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne 50935, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; and
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mario Fabri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany;
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Alves VBF, Basso PJ, Nardini V, Silva A, Chica JEL, Cardoso CRDB. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) restrains intestinal inflammation by rendering leukocytes hyporesponsive and balancing colitogenic inflammatory responses. Immunobiology 2016; 221:934-43. [PMID: 27263829 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a hormone that plays an important role in the modulation of inflammatory responses. However, the precise mechanisms that link the actions of this androgen with protection or susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remain uknown. Here we showed that low dose DHEA inhibited proliferation of spleen cells and IFN-у production. The hormone was not toxic to myeloid lineage cells, although it caused necrosis of spleen cells at the intermediate and highest doses in vitro (50 and 100μM). The treatment of C57BL/6 mice with DHEA during colitis induction by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) led to a reduction in weight loss and clinical signs of disease. There were decreased peripheral blood monocytes on day 6 of DSS exposure and treatment, besides increase in circulating neutrophils in the tissue repair phase. DHEA also led to reduced lamina propria cellularity and restoration of normal colon length. These results were accompanied by decreased expression of IL-6 and TGF-β mRNA, while IL-13 was augmented in the colon on day 6, which was probably related to attenuation of inflammation. There was retention of CD4(+) cells in the spleen after use of DHEA, along with augmented frequency of CD4(+)IL-4(+) cells, decreased CD4(+)IFN-ɣ(+) in spleen and constrained CD4(+)IL-17(+) population in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Moreover, splenocytes of mice treated with DHEA became hyporesponsive, as observed by reduced proliferation after re-stimulation ex-vivo. In conclusion, DHEA modifyies leukocyte activity and balances the exacerbated immune responses which drive local and systemic damages in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Beatriz Freitas Alves
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Basso
- Departamento de Imunologia e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviani Nardini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Ribeiro de Barros Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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