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Hart KA, Kimura S. Pharmacologic Interventions to Immunologic and Immune-Mediated Conditions in Horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2024:S0749-0739(24)00033-6. [PMID: 38852015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulators can stimulate, suppress, or regulate one or many aspects of the immune response. Use of a variety of immunostimulants, immunosuppressors, and anti-inflammatory drugs are described in horses, but the evidence supporting their efficacy is variable. Corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the best characterized immunomodulators in horses, but further study is needed to fully define their ideal dosing protocols and indications and to characterize the efficacy of other immunomodulators in equine medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Hart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Shune Kimura
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Sharma S, Kumar N, Rouse BT, Sharma K, Chaubey KK, Singh S, Kumar P, Kumar P. The role, relevance and management of immune exhaustion in bovine infectious diseases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28663. [PMID: 38596123 PMCID: PMC11002068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune exhaustion is a state of immune cell dysfunction that occurs most commonly following chronic exposure to an antigen which persists after the immune response fails to remove it. Exhaustion has been studied most thoroughly with several cancers, but has also been observed in several chronic infectious diseases. The topic has mainly been studied with CD8+ T cells, but it can also occur with CD4+ T cells and other immune cell types too. Exhaustion is characterized by a hierarchical loss of effector cell functions, up-regulation of immuno-inhibitory receptors, disruption of metabolic activities, and altered chromatin landscapes. Exhaustion has received minimal attention so far in diseases of veterinary significance and this review's purpose is to describe examples where immune exhaustion is occurring in several bovine disease situations. We also describe methodology to evaluate immune exhaustion as well as the prospects of controlling exhaustion and achieving a more suitable outcome of therapy in some chronic disease scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- National Center for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-NRC on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Barry T. Rouse
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0845, USA
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sanskriti University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281 401, India
| | - ShoorVir Singh
- Department of Bio-technology, GLA University, Post-Chaumuhan, Dist. Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281 406, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
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Kolangath SM, Upadhye SV, Dhoot VM, Pawshe MD, Bhadane BK, Gawande AP, Kolangath RM. Molecular investigation of Feline Panleukopenia in an endangered leopard (Panthera pardus) - a case report. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:56. [PMID: 36859281 PMCID: PMC9979488 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline Panleukopenia is an important disease of cats and has been reported worldwide. The disease is caused by a non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus; Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPLV), belonging to the Parvoviridae family. The disease causes significant mortality in unvaccinated kittens. The disease has been well documented in companion animals. However, only a few reports have surfaced from the wild. CASE PRESENTATION An orphan leopard cub was presented to Wildlife Rescue Centre, Nagpur, for further care; the leopard was kept under quarantine. On day 22 of the quarantine, the leopard showed inappetence, lethargy and depression and did not consume the offered carabeef (Day 0 of treatment). The leopard was examined clinically and was found to have a temperature of 102°F; blood was collected and analysed. On day one, the leopard exhibited bloody diarrhoea, inappetence, fever and depression. The leopard was rationally treated with fluids, antibiotics, multi-vitamins, haemostatics and haematinics. To gain qualitative insights into the epidemiological aspect of the disease, molecular investigation, including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and qPCR (Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction), were utilized to confirm the infection. The amplicon was sequenced and was found to be similar to sequences of FPLV reported domestic cats and other wild felids from India and abroad. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to understand the evolutionary relationship of the virus with previously reported sequences of FPLV. Sequences were submitted to National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and were allotted accession numbers. CONCLUSION The infection in endangered leopard cubs could be managed with prompt fluid therapy, antibiotics and support treatment, ensuring an uneventful recovery. Molecular investigation and sequencing efforts can provide valuable data on epidemiology and the evolutionary relationship of the virus with the circulating strains in the field. The study has implications in the preventive management of FPLV in captivity and the selection of strains for inclusion in vaccines meant for the wild felids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Kolangath
- grid.444596.e0000 0004 1800 6216Wildlife Research & Training Centre, MAFSU, Nagpur, Opp. Hindustan Lever Godown Square, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Mahurzhari Road, Fetri, 441501 Nagpur, India
| | - S. V. Upadhye
- grid.444596.e0000 0004 1800 6216Wildlife Research & Training Centre, MAFSU, Nagpur, Opp. Hindustan Lever Godown Square, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Mahurzhari Road, Fetri, 441501 Nagpur, India
| | - V. M. Dhoot
- grid.444596.e0000 0004 1800 6216Wildlife Research & Training Centre, MAFSU, Nagpur, Opp. Hindustan Lever Godown Square, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Mahurzhari Road, Fetri, 441501 Nagpur, India
| | - M. D. Pawshe
- grid.444596.e0000 0004 1800 6216Wildlife Research & Training Centre, MAFSU, Nagpur, Opp. Hindustan Lever Godown Square, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Mahurzhari Road, Fetri, 441501 Nagpur, India
| | - B. K. Bhadane
- grid.444596.e0000 0004 1800 6216Wildlife Research & Training Centre, MAFSU, Nagpur, Opp. Hindustan Lever Godown Square, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Mahurzhari Road, Fetri, 441501 Nagpur, India
| | - A. P. Gawande
- grid.444596.e0000 0004 1800 6216Wildlife Research & Training Centre, MAFSU, Nagpur, Opp. Hindustan Lever Godown Square, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Mahurzhari Road, Fetri, 441501 Nagpur, India
| | - R. M. Kolangath
- Department of Biotechnology & Biochemistry, Saint Francis DeSales College, Seminary Hills, 440006 Nagpur, India
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Chi HJ, Park M, Han JK, Kim SM, Kang S, Yang JH, Cha SH. APB-F1, a long-acting feline granulocyte colony-stimulating factor fusion protein, created by exploiting FL335, a chimeric Fab specific for feline serum albumin. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 240:110322. [PMID: 34509747 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Off-label use of a human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) has been allowed to treat dogs and cats with neutropenia. However, repeated administration of hG-CSF induces undesirable anti-drug antibody (ADA) responses, implying the necessity of animal-derived G-CSF as a therapeutic reagent, preferably with a long-acting capability. Herein, we generated a recombinant fusion protein by genetically combining FL335, a chimeric Fab specific for feline serum albumin (FSA), and feline G-CSF (fG-CSF), with the ultimate goal of developing a long-acting therapeutic fG-CSF for cats. The resulting FL335-fG-CSF fusion protein, referred to as APB-F1, was produced well as a functional form in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) expression system. In in vitro analyses, APB-F1 bound to FSA at high affinity (KD = 400 pM) and possessed 0.78 × 107 U/mg G-CSF biological activity, clearly proving its biological functionality. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) studies using healthy cats revealed that the serum half-life (t1/2) of APB-F1 was increased five times compared with that of fG-CSF (t1/2 = 13.3 h vs. 2.7 h) in subcutaneous (SC) injections. Additionally, APB-F1 induced a profound and sustained increase in white blood cell (WBC) and actual neutrophil count (ANC) up to 10 days, which was far superior to other G-CSF preparations, including filgrastim (Neupogen™) and even pegfilgrastim (Neulasta™). Conclusively, a long-acting fG-CSF with potent in vivo bioactivity was successfully created by using FL335; thus, we provided evidence that our "anti-serum albumin Fab-associated" (SAFA) technology can be applied reliably in developing valuable long-acting biologics in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Chi
- Aprilbio Co., Rm 602, Biomedical Science Building, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Systems Immunology, Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihyun Park
- Aprilbio Co., Rm 602, Biomedical Science Building, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Systems Immunology, Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyu Han
- Aprilbio Co., Rm 602, Biomedical Science Building, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Kim
- Aprilbio Co., Rm 602, Biomedical Science Building, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungGoo Kang
- Department of Systems Immunology, Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyuk Yang
- Aprilbio Co., Rm 602, Biomedical Science Building, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Systems Immunology, Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Cha
- Aprilbio Co., Rm 602, Biomedical Science Building, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Systems Immunology, Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Jost F, Schalk E, Weber D, Dohner H, Fischer T, Sager S. Model-Based Optimal AML Consolidation Treatment. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:3296-3306. [PMID: 32406820 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2982749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neutropenia is an adverse event commonly arising during intensive chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is often associated with infectious complications. Mathematical modeling, simulation, and optimization of the treatment process would be a valuable tool to support clinical decision making, potentially resulting in less severe side effects and deeper remissions. However, until now, there has been no validated mathematical model available to simulate the effect of chemotherapy treatment on white blood cell (WBC) counts and leukemic cells simultaneously. METHODS We developed a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model combining a myelosuppression model considering endogenous granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a PK model for cytarabine (Ara-C), a subcutaneous absorption model for exogenous G-CSF, and a two-compartment model for leukemic blasts. This model was fitted to data of 44 AML patients during consolidation therapy with a novel Ara-C plus G-CSF schedule from a phase II controlled clinical trial. Additionally, we were able to optimize treatment schedules with respect to disease progression, WBC nadirs, and the amount of Ara-C and G-CSF. RESULTS The developed PK/PD model provided good prediction accuracies and an interpretation of the interaction between WBCs, G-CSF, and blasts. For 14 patients (those with available bone marrow blast counts), we achieved a median 4.2-fold higher WBC count at nadir, which is the most critical time during consolidation therapy. The simulation results showed that relative bone marrow blast counts remained below the clinically important threshold of 5%, with a median of 60% reduction in Ara-C. CONCLUSION These in silico findings demonstrate the benefits of optimized treatment schedules for AML patients. SIGNIFICANCE Until 2017, no new drug had been approved for the treatment of AML, fostering the optimal use of currently available drugs.
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Coleman JK, Sakagawa Y, Tanabe T, Offner MJ, Noon-Song EN, Coisman JG, Roff SR, Kondo H, Yamamoto JK, Abbott JR. Pegylated feline granulocyte colony-stimulating factor increases neutrophil levels in cats. Vet J 2014; 200:44-50. [PMID: 24662027 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutropenia can often be corrected by treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and off-label use of commercial human G-CSF (HuG-CSF) is a commonly used treatment for neutropenic animals. However, long-term HuG-CSF treatment can be associated with adverse effects, including neutropenia. Here, feline (Fe) G-CSF was produced in Pichia pastoris, pegylated (Peg) FeG-CSF and tested in cats. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PegFeG-CSF compared to FeG-CSF or HuG-CSF in FIV-infected (n=14), FIV-uninfected healthy cats (n=19), and in HuG-CSF-induced neutropenic cats (n=4). Daily FeG-CSF doses induced higher neutrophil production than HuG-CSF after the second week of treatment (P ⩽ 0.002). Weekly doses of PegFeG-CSF induced higher neutrophil counts and showed greater sustained activity than weekly doses of FeG-CSF. PegFeG-CSF provided the most therapeutic and sustainable neutrophil production (P<0.001) in both FIV-uninfected and FIV-infected cats, without the development of neutralizing antibodies. Conversely, all HuG-CSF-treated cats developed neutralizing antibodies, suggesting cross-reactive antibodies to endogenous G-CSF in a majority of the cases with severe neutropenia. Strikingly, when PegFeG-CSF was used to rescue cats with HuG-CSF-induced neutropenia, clinically normal neutrophil numbers returned. Thus, PegFeG-CSF appears to be a superior treatment for neutropenia in feline patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Coleman
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 11088, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - Y Sakagawa
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 11088, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - T Tanabe
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 11088, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - M J Offner
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 11088, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - E N Noon-Song
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 11088, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - J G Coisman
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 11088, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - S R Roff
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 11088, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - H Kondo
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 11088, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - J K Yamamoto
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 11088, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA.
| | - J R Abbott
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 11088, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
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Hoffman JM, Creevy KE, Promislow DEL. Reproductive capability is associated with lifespan and cause of death in companion dogs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61082. [PMID: 23613790 PMCID: PMC3629191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is a risky affair; a lifespan cost of maintaining reproductive capability, and of reproduction itself, has been demonstrated in a wide range of animal species. However, little is understood about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Most cost-of-reproduction studies simply ask how reproduction influences age at death, but are blind to the subjects' actual causes of death. Lifespan is a composite variable of myriad causes of death and it has not been clear whether the consequences of reproduction or of reproductive capability influence all causes of death equally. To address this gap in understanding, we compared causes of death among over 40,000 sterilized and reproductively intact domestic dogs, Canis lupus familiaris. We found that sterilization was strongly associated with an increase in lifespan, and while it decreased risk of death from some causes, such as infectious disease, it actually increased risk of death from others, such as cancer. These findings suggest that to understand how reproduction affects lifespan, a shift in research focus is needed. Beyond the impact of reproduction on when individuals die, we must investigate its impact on why individuals die, and subsequently must identify the mechanisms by which these causes of death are influenced by the physiology associated with reproductive capability. Such an approach may also clarify the effects of reproduction on lifespan in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Hoffman
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kate E. Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KEC); (DELP)
| | - Daniel E. L. Promislow
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KEC); (DELP)
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Cunha MCR, Lima FDS, Vinolo MAR, Hastreiter A, Curi R, Borelli P, Fock RA. Protein malnutrition induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells commitment to adipogenic differentiation leading to hematopoietic failure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58872. [PMID: 23516566 PMCID: PMC3597562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein malnutrition (PM) results in pathological changes that are associated with peripheral leukopenia, bone marrow (BM) hypoplasia and alterations in the BM microenvironment leading to hematopoietic failure; however, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this context, the BM mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are cells intimately related to the formation of the BM microenvironment, and their differentiation into adipocytes is important because adipocytes are cells that have the capability to negatively modulate hematopoiesis. Two-month-old male Balb/c mice were subjected to protein-energy malnutrition with a low-protein diet containing 2% protein, whereas control animals were fed a diet containing 12% protein. The hematopoietic parameters and the expression of CD45 and CD117 positive cells in the BM were evaluated. MSCs were isolated from BM, and their capability to produce SCF, IL-3, G-CSF and GM-CSF were analyzed. The expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α as well as the expression of PPAR-γ and SREBP mRNAs were evaluated in MSCs together with their capability to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro. The malnourished animals had anemia and leukopenia as well as spleen and bone marrow hypoplasia and a reduction in the expression of CD45 and CD117 positive cells from BM. The MSCs of the malnourished mice presented an increased capability to produce SCF and reduced production of G-CSF and GM-CSF. The MSCs from the malnourished animals showed increased expression of PPAR-γ protein and PPAR-γ mRNA associated with an increased capability to differentiate into adipocytes. The alterations found in the malnourished animals allowed us to conclude that malnutrition committed MSC differentiation leading to adipocyte decision and compromised their capacity for cytokine production, contributing to an impaired hematopoietic microenvironment and inducing the bone marrow failure commonly observed in protein malnutrition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Caldas Ramos Cunha
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana da Silva Lima
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents. Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Araceli Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Britton BM, Kelleher ME, Gregor TP, Sorenmo KU. Evaluation of factors associated with prolonged hospital stay and outcome of febrile neutropenic patients receiving chemotherapy: 70 cases (1997-2010). Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 12:266-76. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Britton
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - M. E. Kelleher
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - T. P. Gregor
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - K. U. Sorenmo
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
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Enhancing photodynamyc therapy efficacy by combination therapy: dated, current and oncoming strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:2597-629. [PMID: 24212824 PMCID: PMC3757433 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3022597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is a common practice in many medical disciplines. It is defined as the use of more than one drug to treat the same disease. Sometimes this expression describes the simultaneous use of therapeutic approaches that target different cellular/molecular pathways, increasing the chances of killing the diseased cell. This short review is concerned with therapeutic combinations in which PDT (Photodynamyc Therapy) is the core therapeutic partner. Besides the description of the principal methods used to assess the efficacy attained by combinations in respect to monotherapy, this review describes experimental results in which PDT was combined with conventional drugs in different experimental conditions. This inventory is far from exhaustive, as the number of photosensitizers used in combination with different drugs is very large. Reports cited in this work have been selected because considered representative. The combinations we have reviewed include the association of PDT with anti-oxidants, chemotherapeutics, drugs targeting topoisomerases I and II, antimetabolites and others. Some paragraphs are dedicated to PDT and immuno-modulation, others to associations of PDT with angiogenesis inhibitors, receptor inhibitors, radiotherapy and more. Finally, a look is dedicated to combinations involving the use of natural compounds and, as new entries, drugs that act as proteasome inhibitors.
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Comparison of the pharmacodynamic profiles of a biosimilar filgrastim and Amgen filgrastim: results from a randomized, phase I trial. Ann Hematol 2010; 89:971-8. [PMID: 20567823 PMCID: PMC2924967 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-010-0973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Further to the patent expiry of Neupogen (Amgen filgrastim), Hospira has developed a biosimilar filgrastim (Nivestim) that may offer a clinically effective alternative for multiple hematologic and oncologic indications. Here results are reported from a phase I trial, primarily designed to compare the pharmacodynamic profiles of Hospira filgrastim and Amgen filgrastim. A phase I, single-center, double-blind, randomized trial was undertaken to demonstrate equivalence of the pharmacodynamic characteristics of Hospira filgrastim and Amgen filgrastim. Fifty healthy volunteers were randomized to receive 5 or 10 microg/kg dosing, before further randomization to treatment sequence. All volunteers received five daily subcutaneous doses of Hospira filgrastim or Neupogen, with subsequent crossover to the alternative treatment. Bioequivalence was evaluated by analysis of variance; if the estimated 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the ratio of 'test' to 'reference' treatment means were within the conventional equivalence limits of 0.80-1.25, then bioequivalence was concluded. Forty-eight volunteers completed the study. Geometric mean absolute neutrophil count area under the curve from time 0 to the last time point at day 5 (primary endpoint) was comparable in volunteers given Hospira filgrastim or Amgen filgrastim at 5 microg/kg (ratio of means, 0.98; 90% CI, 0.92-1.05) or 10 microg/kg (ratio, 0.97; 90% CI, 0.93-1.01); 90% CIs were within the predefined range necessary to demonstrate bioequivalence. Hospira filgrastim was well tolerated with no additional safety concerns over Amgen filgrastim. Hospira filgrastim is bioequivalent with Amgen filgrastim with regard to its pharmacodynamic characteristics.
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Kwitniewski M, Juzeniene A, Glosnicka R, Moan J. Immunotherapy: a way to improve the therapeutic outcome of photodynamic therapy? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:1011-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b806710d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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13
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Mobasheri A. Colony-stimulating factors in veterinary medicine: An unexplored potential. Vet J 2007; 174:8-9. [PMID: 17029880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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