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Vitor RC, Oliveira JTS, Navarro AWDM, Lima ACR, de Oliveira GMS, Munhoz AD, Sevá ADP, Guedes PEB, Carlos RSA. Body Condition Scores in Cats and Associations with Systolic Blood Pressure, Glucose Homeostasis, and Systemic Inflammation. Vet Sci 2024; 11:151. [PMID: 38668418 PMCID: PMC11054674 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline obesity is the most common nutritional disease in cats. This study aimed to investigate the differences between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and circulating concentrations of glucose, fructosamine, and serum amyloid-A (SAA) in ideal-weight, overweight, and obese cats. METHODS The animals were divided into three groups: ideal-weight (BCS 5, N = 20), overweight (BCS 6, N = 20), and obese cats (BCS ≥ 7, N = 20). SBP, circulating concentrations of glucose, fructosamine, and SAA were evaluated. RESULTS The SBP values of the ideal-weight, overweight, and obese cats were 140.0 mmHg, 160.0 mmHg, and 160.0 mmHg, respectively. The blood glucose and fructosamine levels for the ideal, overweight, and obese cats were 104.0 mg/dL and 245.0 µmol/L, 123.0 mg/dL and 289.0 µmol/L, and 133.0 mg/dL and 275.0 µmol/L, respectively, for each group. The SAA values were <5 ug/mL in all the groups. The SBP values of the cats with ideal BCS were significantly lower compared to overweight (p = 0.019) and obese (p = 0.001) cats. The blood glucose values of obese cats were higher than those of ideal-weight cats (p = 0.029). There was no statistical difference between the groups for fructosamine and SAA. CONCLUSIONS Obese cats had significantly higher SBP and blood glucose concentrations than ideal-weight cats, showing the effect of BSC on these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renata Santiago Alberto Carlos
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (R.C.V.); (J.T.S.O.); (A.W.d.M.N.); (A.C.R.L.); (G.M.S.d.O.); (A.D.M.); (A.d.P.S.); (P.E.B.G.)
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2
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Cavalera MA, Gusatoaia O, Uva A, Gernone F, Tarallo VD, Donghia R, Silvestrino M, Zatelli A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in heartworm naturally infected dogs "with or without" Leishmania infantum seropositivity: an observational prospective study. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1371690. [PMID: 38560628 PMCID: PMC10978755 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1371690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine heartworm disease by Dirofilaria immitis and canine leishmaniosis by Leishmania infantum (CanL) are both vector-borne diseases with frequently overlapping endemicity and able to trigger the acute phase response, being characterized by variations in acute phase proteins (APP). Recently, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), an indicator of inflammation, has gained attention in veterinary medicine, proving useful in several conditions that include CanL active forms in dogs. This study aims to evaluate ESR in heartworm-infected dogs, compare levels with heartworm-infected and L. infantum seropositive dogs as well as clinically healthy dogs, and assess correlations with other laboratory parameters. From October 2022 to January 2023, a prospective observational study was conducted enrolling heartworm-infected (Dirofilaria group) and heartworm-infected L. infantum seropositive (Dirofilaria/Leishmania group) animals subgrouped according to the CanL clinical form (Dirofilaria/Leishmania active and non-active groups). A group of clinically healthy dogs (control group) was also included. For each dog enrolled physical examination and laboratory tests (complete blood count, biochemical panel including APP, serum protein electrophoresis) were performed. Dirofilaria and Dirofilaria/Leishmania groups presented a significantly higher ESR level compared to healthy dogs. Dirofilaria/Leishmania active group had the highest ESR level among the groups considered. Dirofilaria/Leishmania non-active group had an ESR similar to the Dirofilaria group, but significantly higher and lower compared to the control and the Dirofilaria/Leishmania active group, respectively. A significant positive correlation between ESR and C-Reactive Protein has been found in all groups except for the Dirofilaria/Leishmania non-active group. In Dirofilaria/Leishmania active group a strong positive correlation between ESR and gamma globulins percentage as well as a strong negative correlation between ESR and albumin, albumin/globulins ratio were found. Overall, the ESR was confirmed to be an inflammation marker as well as a helpful disease index, being notably increased in heartworm-infected dogs affected by an active form of CanL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oana Gusatoaia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Uva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Floriana Gernone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Zatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Ceron JJ, Pardo-Marin L, Wdowiak A, Zoia A, Wochnik M, Szczubiał M, Bochniarz M, Tecles F, Martinez-Subiela S, Tvarijonaviciute A, Dąbrowski R. Divergences between serum C-reactive protein and ferritin concentrations in canine pyometra. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:78. [PMID: 37344860 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this report was to investigate and compare the response of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin, two positive acute phase proteins (APPs) which usually show an increase in inflammatory processes, in dogs with pyometra. For this purpose, two different studies were made. In the first one , both proteins were measured together in an APPs profile in 25 dogs with pyometra, 25 dogs with pancreatitis (as an example of a positive inflammatory control group), and in 25 healthy dogs. In the second study, to advance the knowledge of the changes and evolution of serum ferritin and CRP in dogs with pyometra after treatment, the concentrations of both APPs were analyzed in 30 dogs with pyometra at diagnosis and after ovariohysterectomy and in 10 clinically healthy female dogs before and after elective spaying. In both studies, bitches with pyometra showed significant increases in serum CRP, indicating an inflammatory condition, but not in serum ferritin despite being a moderate positive APP. This divergence between the dynamics of these APPs could be a useful tool for the suspicion of cases of canine pyometra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Luis Pardo-Marin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Anna Wdowiak
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30st, Lublin, 20-612, Poland
| | - Andrea Zoia
- Division of Internal Medicine, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Viale dell'Industria 3, Veggiano, Padua, 35030, Italy
| | - Marco Wochnik
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30st, Lublin, 20-612, Poland
| | - Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30st, Lublin, 20-612, Poland
| | - Mariola Bochniarz
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30st, Lublin, 20-612, Poland
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Silvia Martinez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30st, Lublin, 20-612, Poland
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Rivadeneira-Barreiro P, Montes-de-Oca-Jiménez R, Zambrano-Rodríguez P, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Gutiérrez-Castillo ADC, Pardo-Marin L, Franco-Martínez L, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Subiela S. Acute Phase Proteins in Dogs with Natural Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:299. [PMID: 37368717 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute phase proteins have been used as tools for the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of several diseases in domestic animals. However, the dynamics of these proteins in infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease in dogs, is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, ferritin and paraoxonase-1) in dogs in a coastal town of Ecuador, with natural Trypanosoma cruzi infection with or without seroreactivity of Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ewingii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Borrelia burgdorferi and Dirofilaria immitis. For the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi serum antibodies, two different antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests were implemented. For the detection of seroreactivity of Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ewingii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Borrelia burgdorferi and Dirofilaria immitis, an IDEXX SNAP® 4Dx® test was used. To determine the concentration of C-reactive protein and ferritin, an immunoturbidimetric assay was used; haptoglobin concentration was measured using a commercial colorimetric method validated in dogs; a spectrophotometric method was used to determine the serum concentration of paraoxonase-1. Results showed a reduction in the serum levels of paraoxonase-1 in Trypanosoma cruzi-seroreactive dogs, either with or without seroreactivity to other vector-borne diseases. A serum ferritin increment was observed in Trypanosoma cruzi-seroreactive dogs with seroreactivity to any other vector-borne diseases. Our findings suggest that paraoxonase-1 levels are reduced in Trypanosoma cruzi-seroreactive dogs without evident clinical signs of Chagas disease, despite their seroreactivity to the other vector-borne diseases studied. These findings could indicate an oxidative stress response in Trypanosoma cruzi-seroreactive dogs with no evident signs of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivadeneira-Barreiro
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca 50200, Mexico
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | - Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca 50200, Mexico
| | - Pablo Zambrano-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca 50200, Mexico
| | - Adriana Del Carmen Gutiérrez-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca 50200, Mexico
| | - Luis Pardo-Marin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Gajula SNR, Khairnar AS, Jock P, Kumari N, Pratima K, Munjal V, Kalan P, Sonti R. LC-MS/MS: A sensitive and selective analytical technique to detect COVID-19 protein biomarkers in the early disease stage. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:5-18. [PMID: 36919634 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2191845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 outbreak has put enormous pressure on the scientific community to detect infection rapidly, identify the status of disease severity, and provide an immediate vaccine/drug for the treatment. Relying on immunoassay and a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) led to many false-negative and false-positive reports. Therefore, detecting biomarkers is an alternative and reliable approach for determining the infection, its severity, and disease progression. Recent advances in liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enable the protein biomarkers even at low concentrations, thus facilitating clinicians to monitor the treatment in hospitals. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the role of LC-MS/MS in identifying protein biomarkers and discusses the clinically significant protein biomarkers such as Serum amyloid A, Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, Lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, ferritin, Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, gelsolin and galectin-3-binding protein in COVID-19, and their analysis by LC-MS/MS in the early stage. EXPERT OPINION Clinical doctors monitor significant biomarkers to understand, stratify, and treat patients according to disease severity. Knowledge of clinically significant COVID-19 protein biomarkers is critical not only for COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus but also to prepare us for future pandemics of other diseases in detecting by LC-MS/MS at the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Ankita Sahebrao Khairnar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Pallavi Jock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Nikita Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Kendre Pratima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Vijay Munjal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Pavan Kalan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
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Botía M, López-Arjona M, Escribano D, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Vallejo-Mateo PJ, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Subiela S. Measurement of haptoglobin in saliva of cows: Validation of an assay and a pilot study of its potential application. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:44-49. [PMID: 36924634 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of saliva as a matrix for the measurement of biomarkers of health and welfare is gaining importance due to its non-invasive collection. Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute-phase protein involved in the inflammatory response and changes in its concentration can provide information about the health status of the animals. This study aimed to develop and validate an assay based on luminescent amplification (AlphaLISA technology) for the measurement of Hp in bovine saliva and to study the possible changes in different inflammatory situations such as peripartum period and lameness. The assay proved to be accurate, reliable, and sensitive for the measurement of Hp in cow saliva (coefficient of variation (CV) 7.57%; coefficient of determination (R2) 0.992; recovery test 105.15%; lower limit of quantification (LLQ) 7.9 ng/ml). Significant differences were observed between Hp levels in saliva of cows before (13 days before) and after (7 and 20 days after) calving and at the moment of calving (p < 0.0001), and between lame and healthy cows (p < 0.008). In conclusion, this assay can detect Hp in a precise, sensitive, and accurate way in saliva of cows. Future studies with a larger population and different disease conditions should be conducted to determine the potential of Hp as an inflammatory biomarker in cow saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Botía
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M López-Arjona
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Department of Animal Production, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M D Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - P J Vallejo-Mateo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Jacobsen S. Use of serum amyloid A in equine medicine and surgery. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52 Suppl 1:8-18. [PMID: 36336845 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) has become an indispensable part of the management of equine patients in general practice and specialized hospital settings. Although several proteins possess acute phase properties in horses, the usefulness of SAA exceeds that of other acute phase proteins. This is due to the highly desirable kinetics of the equine SAA response. SAA concentrations exhibit a rapid and pronounced increase in response to inflammation and a rapid decline after the resolution of inflammation. This facilitates the detection of inflammatory disease and real-time monitoring of inflammatory activity. SAA may be used in all stages of patient management: (1) before diagnosis (to rule in/rule out inflammatory disease), (2) at the time of diagnosis (to assess the severity of inflammation and assist in prognostication), and (3) after diagnosis (to monitor changes in inflammatory activity in response to therapy, with relapse of disease, or with infectious/inflammatory complications). By assessing other acute phase reactants in addition to SAA, clinicians can succinctly stage inflammation. White blood cell counts and serum iron concentration change within hours of an inflammatory insult, SAA within a day, and fibrinogen within 2-3 days; the interrelationship of these markers thus indicates the duration and activity of the inflammatory condition. Much research on the equine SAA response and clinical use has been conducted in the last decade. This is the prerequisite for the evidence-based use of this analyte. However, still today, most published studies involve a fairly low number of horses. To obtain solid evidence for use of SAA, future studies should be designed with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section Medicine & Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Validation of an automated immunoturbidimetric assay for feline serum amyloid A. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:359. [PMID: 36171578 PMCID: PMC9516510 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum Amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute phase protein in cats, increasing rapidly in response to various inflammatory diseases. An automated latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay for human SAA (LZ-SAA, Eiken), previously validated for use in cats, has had further major modification (VET-SAA, Eiken) for specific use in veterinary diagnostic laboratories but has yet to be validated in cats. RESULTS Intra-assay and inter-assay CVs for the VET-SAA assay ranged from 1.88-3.57% and 3.98-6.74%, respectively. Linearity under dilution was acceptable with no prozone effect observed. Limit of detection was 1.65 mg/L and limit of quantification was 6 mg/L. Haemoglobin and triglyceride showed no adverse interference, but bilirubin produced positive bias in samples with low SAA. Comparison with the LZ-SAA assay showed significant correlation with proportional bias increasing as SAA concentration increased, likely related to differing calibration standards. SAA was significantly higher in patients with inflammatory disease compared with non-inflammatory disease, and in patients with moderate to highly elevated α1-AGP compared with patients with normal α1-AGP. Improvement of the assay range may be required to fully evaluate differences between disease groups at low SAA levels. Based on ROC curve analysis, at a cut-off point of 20.1 mg/L the VET-SAA assay discriminated between inflammatory and non-inflammatory disease with sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.99. CONCLUSIONS The automated VET-SAA assay is a robust, precise, and accurate method for measurement of feline SAA which can clearly identify patients with inflammatory disease. It should be a valuable biomarker for use in feline medicine.
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Glück K, Mohrs S, Hazuchova K, Bauer N, Neiger R. Impact of radioiodine treatment on acute phase proteins in hyperthyroid cats. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:359-365. [PMID: 34313486 PMCID: PMC8961241 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211024954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of radioiodine treatment (RIT) on the acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and haptoglobin (Hp) in hyperthyroid cats. METHODS Between June 2013 and November 2014, 33 hyperthyroid cats without clinical or laboratory signs of inflammatory or neoplastic disease and a body weight >2.5 kg were enrolled. Immediately before, and 12, 36, 72 h and 6 days after RIT, serum samples were obtained for determination of APP concentrations. RESULTS Both SAA and AGP concentrations changed significantly after RIT. The concentration of AGP increased gradually after treatment with a maximum concentration at the end of the study period (median baseline 398 μg/ml; median 6 days post-RIT 562 μg/ml [P = 0.001]). A relevant >two-fold increase in AGP was seen in 8/33 (24%) cats. SAA concentration increased significantly within 12 h (baseline 9.2 μg/ml; 12 h post-RIT 22.5 μg/ml [P = 0.012]). In 7/33 (21%) cats, a clinically relevant >10-fold increase in SAA was observed. Hp concentration showed no significant change (P = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE RIT induced a mild, mainly not clinically relevant acute phase reaction (APR). AGP and SAA were useful APPs to determine RIT-induced APR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Glück
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Mohrs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
| | - Katarina Hazuchova
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
| | - Natali Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
| | - Reto Neiger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
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Kiemle J, Hindenberg S, Bauer N, Roecken M. Comparison of a point-of-care serum amyloid A analyzer frequently used in equine practice with 2 turbidimetric immunoassays used in human and veterinary medicine. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 34:42-53. [PMID: 34763564 PMCID: PMC8688985 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211056029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid, accurate detection of serum amyloid A (SAA) is needed in equine practice. We validated a patient-side point-of-care (POC) assay (Stablelab; Zoetis) compared to the turbidimetric immunoassays LZ-SAA (TIA-Hum) and VET-SAA (TIA-Vet; both Eiken Chemical). Analytical performance was assessed at 3 different concentration ranges and with interferences. Inter-method comparison using 49 equine serum samples revealed a significant difference between median SAA results (p < 0.0001), with the strongest bias between the POC and TIA-Vet (median 1,093 vs. 578 mg/L). The median SAA value obtained with the TIA-Hum method was 752 mg/L. Correlation between POC/TIA-Hum and between POC/TIA-Vet was fair (rs = 0.77 and 0.69) and excellent between both TIAs (rs = 0.93). Bias between POC/TIA-Hum, POC/TIA-Vet, and TIA-Hum/TIA-Vet was −56.7%, –80.9%, and −28.2%, respectively. POC intra- and inter-assay CVs (16.1–30% and 19.8–35.5%) were higher than TIA CVs (generally <12%). Bilirubin and hemoglobin had a negative bias on POC and TIA-Vet results (−16.6 to −45.6%); addition of intralipid yielded a positive bias (35.9–77.4%). The POC had good linearity of SAA concentrations up to 10,312 mg/L (R2 = 0.92). A hook effect was present at SAA >3,000 mg/L for the POC assay. Equine serum SAA was stable over a median period of 2.5 y when stored at −80°C. Overall, there was excellent-to-moderate correlation between tests, but imprecision and hook effect of the POC, as well as bias between the methods, must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kiemle
- Clinic for Horses, Department of Equine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hindenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Natali Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Roecken
- Clinic for Horses, Department of Equine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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11
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Analytical Validation of Two Point-of-Care Assays for Serum Amyloid A Measurements in Cats. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092518. [PMID: 34573484 PMCID: PMC8469286 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum Amyloid A (SAA) is one of the most sensitive tests to detect inflammation in cats. In this study, two point-of-care assays for SAA measurements in cats (FUJI DRI-CHEM IMMUNO AU CARTRIDGE vf-SAA (method A), and CUBE-VET analyser (Method B), were analytically evaluated. Regarding the imprecision precision only the method A showed intra-assay and inter-assay CV < 10% at all concentrations. Both assays showed linearity with r close to 1 and the recovery were in the range of 81-112% for assay A and 85-125% for assay B and the limit of detection were 3.75 and 0.5 mg/dL for method A and B, respectively. A previously validated method for SAA quantification SAATIA; LZ-SAA (method C) was used as gold-standard to evaluate the accuracy of the assays. Significant correlations (p < 0.0001) were found between assays A and C (r = 0.94) and B and C (r = 0.91). In addition, an overlap performance test was made using serum samples from cats with non-inflammatory and cats with inflammatory. Both assays showed higher median SAA concentrations in cats with inflammatory diseases than in cats without inflammatory diseases (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, this manuscript provides data about the possible application of two point-of-care assays for the measurement of SAA concentration in cats.
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12
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Torrente C, Manzanilla EG, Bosch L, Villaverde C, Pastor J, Ruiz de Gopegui R, Tvarijonaviciute A. Adiponectin as a sepsis biomarker in dogs: Diagnostic and prognostic value. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:333-344. [PMID: 32510619 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin (ADPN) is an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing, vascular-protective, and anti-inflammatory properties for which concentration changes occur in response to inflammation. Little is known about the regulation of ADPN and the impact of this adipocytokine in septic dogs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of ADPN vs other traditional acute-phase proteins (APPs), such as albumin (ALB), haptoglobin (HPT), fibrinogen (FBG), ferritin (FRT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in dogs with naturally acquired sepsis. METHODS This prospective observational study included 20 dogs with sepsis, 27 with low-grade systemic inflammation (LGSI), and 18 clinically healthy dogs as controls. For method analyses, plasma samples were obtained from all dogs on admission and then every 24-48 hours until discharge or death in the septic group. RESULTS Septic dogs had lower ADPN (2.4 ± 0.46 vs 4.5 ± 0.41mg/L, P < .001) dand ALB (17 ± 1 vs 22 ± 0.8g/L, P = .002), and tended to have higher CRP (87 ± 4.8 vs 73 ± 4.1mg/L, P < .079) concentrations than dogs with LGSI on admission. Only ADPN and ALB were able to successfully discriminate animals with LGSI from those presenting with sepsis with areas under the curve (AUCs) for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of 0.811 and 0.789, respectively. In the septic group, ADPN concentration did not differ between survivors and non-survivors, either on admission or at discharge or death. CONCLUSIONS Although plasma ADPN can be used as a reliable negative APP in dogs with sepsis, further studies are warranted to confirm the usefulness of this biomarker in terms of disease progression and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Torrente
- Servei d'Emergències i Cures Intensives, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar G Manzanilla
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research Center, Moorepark, Cork and School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis Bosch
- Servei d'Emergències i Cures Intensives, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Pastor
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Ruiz de Gopegui
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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13
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Use of Saliva for Diagnosis and Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2: A General Perspective. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051491. [PMID: 32429101 PMCID: PMC7290439 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, updated information and future perspectives about the use of saliva as a sample for laboratory analysis of the Covid-19 are highlighted. Saliva can be used for the direct detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the quantification of the specific immunoglobulins produced against it, and for the evaluation of the non-specific, innate immune response of the patient. Moreover, a deeper knowledge of potential changes in the saliva proteome in this disease may allow the identification of new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, or even help our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the disease. With the development of appropriate sample collection and processing methods and the use of adequate assays, saliva can provide useful clinical information about the disease and could be potentially included in guidelines for sample collection for the diagnosis, disease management, and control of Covid-19.
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14
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Liu M, Köster LS, Fosgate GT, Chadwick CC, Sanz‐González Í, Eckersall PD, Wotton PR, French AT. Cardiovascular-renal axis disorder and acute-phase proteins in cats with congestive heart failure caused by primary cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1078-1090. [PMID: 32395893 PMCID: PMC7255652 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure (CHF) in cats is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To identify novel biomarkers for CHF in cats caused by primary cardiomyopathy, particularly related to cardiovascular-renal axis disorder and systemic inflammatory response. ANIMALS Twenty-five cats in CHF caused by primary cardiomyopathy, 12 cats with preclinical cardiomyopathy, and 20 healthy controls. METHODS Case control and observational case series. The following serum biomarkers were compared among the 3 cat groups: a cardiorenal profile that included N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and creatinine and an inflammatory profile that included 7 acute-phase proteins (APPs). Survival analyses and longitudinal studies were performed in CHF cats. RESULTS All cardiorenal biomarkers were positively correlated and higher in CHF cats, and high NT-proBNP and SDMA were associated with poor clinical outcome. Cats with CHF had significantly higher leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, serum amyloid A, and ceruloplasmin, and these APPs were positively correlated with NT-proBNP and left atrial size. In a multivariable survival analysis, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentration (P = .01), body weight (P = .02) and left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (P = .01) were independent prognostic factors for CHF in these cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In cats, CHF is an inflammatory disorder and outcome in CHF may be determined by the extent of inflammation and possibly the amount of residual renal function. These novel biomarkers have potential use for the clinical management, prognosis, and future research into CHF and cardiomyopathy in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesSmall Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Liza S. Köster
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesSmall Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Tennessee, KnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Geoffrey T. Fosgate
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Production Animal StudiesUniversity of PretoriaOnderstepoortSouth Africa
| | | | - Íñigo Sanz‐González
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesSmall Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Peter David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Paul R. Wotton
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesSmall Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Anne T. French
- Department of Clinical SciencesRoss University School of Veterinary MedicineBasseterreSt Kitts and Nevis
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15
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Jacobsen S, Vinther AM, Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Nielsen LN. Validation of an equine serum amyloid A assay with an unusually broad working range. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:462. [PMID: 31856804 PMCID: PMC6923866 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major equine acute phase protein and of great value in detection and monitoring of inflammation. A new immunoturbidometric assay based on monoclonal antibodies (VET-SAA, Eiken Chemical Co., Japan) may be useful for SAA measurements in routine diagnostic laboratories. The aim of the study was to validate the VET-SAA immunoturbidometric assay and use it to measure serum SAA concentrations in a variety of clinical cases. Precision was assessed by intra- and interassay coefficients of variation of repeated measurements of serum pools (low, intermediate, high concentrations of SAA). Accuracy was estimated by linearity under dilution. Detection limit was determined by replicate determinations of ionized water. Measurements were compared to measurements performed in a previously validated SAA assay (LZSAA assay, Eiken Chemical Co., Japan). Subsequently, the VET-SAA assay was used for measuring serum SAA concentrations in horses with and without inflammation. Results Detection limit was 1.2 mg/L. Without modifications, the assay measured SAA concentrations with acceptable reliability in a broad concentration range (0 to > 6000 mg/L). In the 0–3000 mg/L range, the assay demonstrated good precision and accuracy, and concentrations correlated well with those obtained in the LZSAA assay, albeit with a slight systematic bias. Concentrations of SAA assessed in horses with and without inflammation followed the expected pattern, with significantly higher concentrations in horses with systemic inflammation than in healthy horses and horses with non-inflammatory disease. Conclusions The assay was unique in its ability to measure SAA concentrations with acceptable reliability over an extreme concentration range. This is relevant in the equine species, where SAA concentrations may reach very high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section of Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Agrovej 8, Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Anne Mette Vinther
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section of Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Agrovej 8, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Mads Kjelgaard-Hansen
- Ascendis Pharma A/S, Tuborg Boulevard 12, Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 46, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lise Nikolic Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 46, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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16
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Franco-Martínez L, Martínez-Subiela S, Cerón JJ, Tecles F, Eckersall PD, Oravcova K, Tvarijonaviciute A. Biomarkers of health and welfare: A One Health perspective from the laboratory side. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:299-307. [PMID: 31869596 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A biomarker is any measurement reflecting an interaction between a biological system and a potential hazard, which may be chemical, physical, or biological. The One World, One Health concept established that human and animal health and the environmental state are highly interconnected, sharing common aspects that can be applied globally in these three components. In this paper, we review how the concept of One Health can be applied to biomarkers of health and welfare, with a special focus on five points that can be applied to any biomarker when it is expected to be used to evaluate the human, animal or environmental health. Three of these points are: (1) the different biomarkers that can be used, (2) the different sample types where the biomarkers can be analysed, and (3) the main methods that can be used for their measurement. In addition, we will evaluate two key points needed for adequate use of a biomarker in any situation: (4) a proper analytical validation in the sample that it is going to be used, and (5) a correct selection of the biomarker. It is expected that this knowledge will help to have a broader idea about the use of biomarkers of health and welfare and also will contribute to a better and more accurate use of these biomarkers having in mind their One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Peter David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Katarina Oravcova
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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17
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Vilhena H, Tvarijonaviciute A, Cerón JJ, Figueira AC, Miranda S, Ribeiro A, Canadas A, Dias-Pereira P, Rubio CP, Franco L, Tecles F, Cabeças R, Pastor J, Silvestre-Ferreira AC. Acute phase proteins and biomarkers of oxidative status in feline spontaneous malignant mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:394-406. [PMID: 31025532 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APP) and biomarkers of oxidative status change in human and canine mammary tumours, however, they have not been studied in feline mammary tumours. The aims of this study were to investigate the APP and antioxidant responses in feline malignant mammary tumours, to evaluate their relation with tumour features, and to assess their prognostic value. Serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), albumin, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1), paraoxonase1 (PON1), total serum thiols (Thiol), glutathione peroxidase (GPox) and total antioxidant capacity determined by different assays, including trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assessed by two different methodologies (TEAC1/2), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), were determined in serum of 50 queens with spontaneous mammary carcinomas and of 12 healthy female cats. At diagnosis, diseased queens presented significantly higher SAA and Hp, and lower albumin, BChE, GPox, TEAC1, TEAC2 and CUPRAC than controls. Different tumour features influenced concentrations of APP and antioxidants. Increases in serum Hp, and decreases in albumin, Thiol and FRAP were significantly associated with neoplastic vascular emboli, metastasis in regional lymph nodes and/or in distant organs. Distant metastasis development during the course of the disease was associated with increases in SAA and TEAC1. At diagnosis, decreased albumin was associated with a longer survival, and BChE <1.15 μmoL/mL.minute was associated with a shorter survival time on multivariate analysis. Feline malignant mammary tumours are associated with an APP response and oxidative stress, and different tumour features influence the inflammatory response and the oxidative damage. Furthermore, some of these analytes proved to have prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vilhena
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Vasco da Gama Universitary School, Coimbra, Portugal.,Baixo Vouga Veterinary Hospital, Águeda, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana C Figueira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Vasco da Gama Universitary School, Coimbra, Portugal.,University Veterinary Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Miranda
- Baixo Vouga Veterinary Hospital, Águeda, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Ribeiro
- Veterinary Policlinic of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Canadas
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute for the Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto University (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias-Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute for the Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto University (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila P Rubio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Franco
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Cabeças
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Vasco da Gama Universitary School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Josep Pastor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana C Silvestre-Ferreira
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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18
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Cerón JJ. Acute phase proteins, saliva and education in laboratory science: an update and some reflections. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:197. [PMID: 31189466 PMCID: PMC6560908 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript provides updated knowledge and some ideas and reflections about three areas which are currently of interest in the field of the animal laboratory science. These areas are the study of acute phase proteins (APPs) as biomarkers of inflammation, the use of saliva as a non-invasive sample for analyte measurements, and the development of education in the field of laboratory medicine. In the APPs, a seven-point plan for their interpretation in all veterinary species containing updated knowledge and future perspectives is described. Regarding the saliva, general concepts, examples of practical applications and the limitations and points to improve for the use of this fluid are explained. Finally, the recent evolution, current situation and possible ideas for future development of education in this field are commented. In addition to review the knowledge in these three specific areas, this report can help to provide a wide vision of the potential and future perspectives in veterinary laboratory science.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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19
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Rota A, Milani C, Contiero B, Artusi E, Holst BS, Romagnoli S. Evaluation of serum C-reactive protein concentration as a marker of impending parturition and correlation with progesterone profile in peri-partum bitches. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 204:111-116. [PMID: 30922529 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the major acute phase proteins in dogs. It is produced by the liver and rapidly increases in response to an inflammatory stimulus. The aim of this study was to measure CRP concentrations around parturition and to verify whether this protein could be useful, together with progesterone (P), to detect the onset of parturition in bitches. The CRP and P concentrations were measured in 66 serum samples from 28 healthy pregnant bitches, collected between -5 and +2 days from parturition (day of parturition = day 0). The effect of 'days from parturition', parity, and litter size on P and CRP concentration was analyzed and the correlation between CRP and P values was calculated. The P and CRP values were affected by 'days from parturition'. While P decreased during the last days of pregnancy, CRP concentration was greater than the normal range (0-1.07 mg/dl) starting the parturition day with the increase starting on day -1. The CRP concentration profiles during the days around parturition have not been previously reported in dogs. The increase in CRP very near the time of parturition and the low magnitude of the increase do not allow for it to be useful in clinical practice to assess the onset of parturition in the bitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Rota
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Milani
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health, Padova, Italy.
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Artusi
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Bodil Ström Holst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Daza González M, Fragío Arnold C, Fermín Rodríguez M, Checa R, Montoya A, Portero Fuentes M, Rupérez Noguer C, Martínez Subiela S, Cerón J, Miró G. Effect of two treatments on changes in serum acute phase protein concentrations in dogs with clinical leishmaniosis. Vet J 2019; 245:22-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Ceron JJ, Pardo-Marin L, Caldin M, Furlanello T, Solano-Gallego L, Tecles F, Bernal L, Baneth G, Martinez-Subiela S. Use of acute phase proteins for the clinical assessment and management of canine leishmaniosis: general recommendations. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:196. [PMID: 29925385 PMCID: PMC6011270 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dogs with canine leishmaniosis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum can show a wide spectrum of clinical and clinicopathological findings at the time of diagnosis. The aim of this paper is to describe the possible application of acute phase proteins (APPs) for the characterization and management of this disease, based on previously published information on the utility of APPs in CanL and the experience of the authors in using APPs as analytes in the profiling of canine diseases. MAIN BODY Dogs diagnosed with L. infantum infection by serology, polymerase chain reaction, cytological or histopathological identification, can be divided into three groups based on their clinical condition at physical examination and their APPs concentrations: Group 1: dogs with no clinical signs on physical examination and APPs in reference range; Group 2: dogs with changes in APPs but no clinical signs on physical examination; Group 3: dogs with clinical signs and changes in APPs. This report describes the main characteristics of each group as well as its association with the clinical classification schemes of CanL. CONCLUSION APPs concentration can be a useful clinical tool to characterize and manage CanL.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - L Pardo-Marin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Caldin
- San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Veggiano, Padova, Italy
| | - T Furlanello
- San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Veggiano, Padova, Italy
| | - L Solano-Gallego
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - F Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - L Bernal
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - G Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Martinez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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22
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Vilhena H, Figueiredo M, Cerón JJ, Pastor J, Miranda S, Craveiro H, Pires MA, Tecles F, Rubio CP, Dabrowski R, Duarte S, Silvestre-Ferreira AC, Tvarijonaviciute A. Acute phase proteins and antioxidant responses in queens with pyometra. Theriogenology 2018; 115:30-37. [PMID: 29705657 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APP) and biomarkers of oxidative status have proved to be clinically useful biomarkers of pyometra in different species. Despite pyometra is considered one of the most important feline reproductive diseases, information about the APP response and the oxidative status in queens with pyometra is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the APP and the antioxidant responses at diagnosis and in the post-operative period in feline pyometra. Serum concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), albumin, total serum thiols (Thiol) and total antioxidant capacity determined by different assays, including trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assessed by two different methodologies (TEAC1 and TEAC2), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), were determined in 23 queens with pyometra at diagnosis and in 13 healthy control queens submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy. The APP and antioxidants were also evaluated in 11 queens of the pyometra group at days two and 10 after surgery. At diagnosis, queens with pyometra had serum concentrations of SAA, Hp, and FRAP significantly higher (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively), and of albumin, Thiol, CUPRAC and TEAC2 significantly lower (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) than controls. Moreover, concentrations of APP and antioxidants were significantly different (with a tendency to return to physiologic levels) at day 10 after surgery than before surgery. Significant associations were found between APP and antioxidants. According to these results, an APP response and the development of oxidative stress were detected in queens with pyometra. In addition, APP and antioxidants tended to return to physiologic values after surgery in the queens that recovered from the disease. Therefore, our results suggest that APP and selected antioxidants, such as Thiol and CUPRAC, could be potentially useful biomarkers in diagnosis and assessment of the post-operative period in feline pyometra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vilhena
- Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Vasco da Gama Universitary School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, 197 Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal; Baixo Vouga Veterinary Hospital, EN1, 355, 3750-742, Águeda, Portugal; Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Marta Figueiredo
- Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Vasco da Gama Universitary School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, 197 Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - José J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo Ed. 16, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Josep Pastor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sónia Miranda
- Baixo Vouga Veterinary Hospital, EN1, 355, 3750-742, Águeda, Portugal; Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Hélder Craveiro
- Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Vasco da Gama Universitary School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, 197 Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal; Baixo Vouga Veterinary Hospital, EN1, 355, 3750-742, Águeda, Portugal.
| | - Maria A Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Anatomical Pathology (LHAP), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo Ed. 16, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Camila P Rubio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo Ed. 16, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Roman Dabrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 Gleboka St., 20-612, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sofia Duarte
- Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Vasco da Gama Universitary School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, 197 Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Group of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana C Silvestre-Ferreira
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo Ed. 16, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Canalias F, Piñeiro M, Pato R, Peña R, Bosch L, Soler L, García N, Lampreave F, Saco Y, Bassols A. Preparation of canine C-reactive protein serum reference material: A feasibility study. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:122-129. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Canalias
- Laboratori de Referència d'Enzimologia Clínica (LREC); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Raquel Pato
- Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària (SBCV); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Raquel Peña
- Laboratori de Referència d'Enzimologia Clínica (LREC); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària (SBCV); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Lluís Bosch
- Servicio de Urgencias y Cuidados Intensivos (FHCV-UAB); Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Lourdes Soler
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Natalia García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Fermín Lampreave
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Yolanda Saco
- Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària (SBCV); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Anna Bassols
- Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària (SBCV); Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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Acute phase proteins response in cats naturally infected by hemotropic mycoplasmas. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 56:1-5. [PMID: 29406276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Information about the acute phase proteins (APP) response in cats naturally infected with hemoplasmas and in cats co-infected with different species of hemoplasmas is lacking. This study evaluated serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and albumin in 48 cats naturally infected with hemoplasmas, including 25 with Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum and 23 co-infected with different hemoplasmas agents; and in 10 healthy control cats. Infected cats had significantly higher Hp and lower albumin than controls. Symptomatic cats had significantly higher SAA and Hp, and lower albumin than asymptomatic animals, and also than controls. Asymptomatic cats had significantly higher Hp than controls. Concentrations of APP were not significantly different between single infected and co-infected cats. According with these results, hemoplasmosis should be considered when alterations in APP are detected in diseased cats with compatible clinical signs. Furthermore, a subclinical infection should be considered in apparently healthy cats from endemic areas with increased Hp.
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Carretón E, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Tvarijonaviciute A, Caro-Vadillo A, Montoya-Alonso JA. Acute phase proteins and markers of oxidative stress to assess the severity of the pulmonary hypertension in heartworm-infected dogs. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:477. [PMID: 29143686 PMCID: PMC5688428 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine heartworm infection is characterized by pulmonary endarteritis and pulmonary hypertension (PH). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between PH with the concentrations of different positive (C-reactive protein [CRP] and haptoglobin [Hp]) and negative (albumin and paraoxonase-1 [PON-1]) acute phase proteins (APP), as well as the oxidative stress, by measuring glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in 27 heartworm-infected dogs on Day 0 (diagnosis) and Day 120 (1 month after the last adulticide injection). Presence/absence of PH was determined by the Right Pulmonary Artery Distensibility (RPAD) Index. Results On Day 0, 62.9% of the dogs showed PH. Concentrations of CRP and Hp were higher in dogs with PH, especially in dogs with moderate-severe PH (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). Albumin and PON-1 concentrations were higher in dogs without PH (P < 0.05 for albumin). On Day 120, 59.2% of the dogs presented with PH; CRP decreased while Hp increased (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). Also, albumin and PON-1 rose, especially in absence of PH. There were not significant changes in the serum values of GPx and TAC. Conclusions CRP and Hp have a potential prognostic role in dogs with dirofilariasis because increases in positive APP correlated with presence and severity of PH. CRP decreased, but Hp persisted at an elevated level in dogs with PH 1 month after the end of the adulticide treatment. CRP and Hp could work as early biomarkers of PH and be useful to stage the disease and to monitor the evolution of the patient and indirectly evaluate the persistence of arterial damage after the parasites have been eliminated. Albumin and PON-1 also showed potential value as markers of PH, although further research is necessary to determine its utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carretón
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413-Arucas, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alicia Caro-Vadillo
- Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alberto Montoya-Alonso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413-Arucas, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
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Carretón E, Morchón R, Montoya-Alonso JA. Cardiopulmonary and inflammatory biomarkers in heartworm disease. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:534. [PMID: 29143665 PMCID: PMC5688449 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In heartworm disease, several biomarkers of cardiopulmonary injury and inflammatory activity have been studied during the recent years. D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product present after a clot is degraded, which has been reported to provide support for the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism in heartworm disease. Furthermore, concentrations increment with increased disease severity and during the adulticide treatment. This increase in concentration has proved to be valuable. Cardiac biomarkers troponin I, myoglobin and NT-proBNP demonstrated presence of myocardial injury and heart failure, especially in chronic infections, which in some cases, slightly improve after the adulticide treatment. An acute phase response in dogs with Dirofilaria immitis, characterized by variations of acute phase proteins (APP), has been reported, indicating inflammatory processes that could contribute to disease progression. Among them, C-reactive protein (CRP) increases according to the severity of the disease; and a strong correlation between pulmonary hypertension and CRP has been observed. In cats, little work has been done to ascertain the utility of these biomarkers in feline heartworm; the only published study in D. immitis–seropositive cats reported significantly higher concentrations in positive APP serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carretón
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413-Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Morchón
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca(IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Alberto Montoya-Alonso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413-Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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27
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Dinler C, Ulutas B, Voyvoda H, Ulutas PA, Ural K, Karagenc T. Haptoglobin and serum amyloid-A concentrations and their relationship with oocyst count in neonatal lambs experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Vet Parasitol 2017; 247:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Muñoz-Prieto A, Tvarijonaviciute A, Escribano D, Martínez-Subiela S, Cerón JJ. Use of heterologous immunoassays for quantification of serum proteins: The case of canine C-reactive protein. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172188. [PMID: 28222144 PMCID: PMC5319752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of heterologous immunoassays containing antibodies raised against a different biological species for quantification of serum proteins is studied and discussed, taking as example the case of the use of a commercially available heterologous assay containing antibodies against human C-reactive protein (hCRP) for quantification of CRP in serum of dogs. This assay was adapted and validated for measurements of canine CRP (cCRP) and compared with three different homologous assays containing species-specific canine antibodies, which are currently commercially available for cCRP determination. Serum samples from healthy and diseased dogs (n = 44) were used. Analytical evaluation included precision, accuracy, limit of detection and lower limit of quantification for all assays. In the case of the heterologous assay also cross-reactivity of the antibody of the heterologous assay with cCRP was evaluated by a Western-Blot analysis giving a positive result. The heterologous assay showed similar results than the homologous assays in all the tests of the analytical evaluation that indicated that the assay was precise and accurate. Method comparison showed a high correlation between all assays (r≥0.9). The Bland-Altman test revealed that the heterologous assay showed a proportional error when compared with the homologous automated assays and a random error when compared with the point-of-care assay. All four CRP assays were able to detect higher CRP values in dogs with inflammatory conditions compared with healthy dogs. It is concluded that heterologous immunoassays could be used for quantification of serum proteins in different species, provided that the antibody has cross-reactivity with the protein to be measured and the assay give satisfactory results in the analytical validation tests. In addition, use of species-specific calibrators and an appropriate batch validation are recommended in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Damián Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - José J. Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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29
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Vilhena H, Tvarijonaviciute A, Cerón JJ, Vieira L, Pastor J, Silvestre-Ferreira AC. Acute phase proteins response in cats naturally infected with Hepatozoon felis and Babesia vogeli. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:72-76. [PMID: 28160310 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of acute phase proteins (APP) is being increasingly used in human and veterinary medicine in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment monitoring, and in general health screening. However, information about the APP response in cats infected with agents of vector-borne diseases is lacking. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to investigate the concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) in cats naturally infected with Hepatozoon felis and Babesia vogeli. METHODS Serum concentrations of SAA, Hp, and PON1 were determined in 19 cats naturally infected with H felis and in 11 cats naturally infected with B vogeli, and compared to concentrations in 10 healthy control cats. RESULTS Serum Hp concentrations were significantly increased, and PON1 concentrations significantly decreased in symptomatic and asymptomatic cats infected with H felis and B vogeli when compared with healthy noninfected cats. In the H felis-infected population, concentrations of SAA and Hp were significantly increased in symptomatic cats when compared with asymptomatic animals. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated differences in APP concentrations in cats infected with H felis and B vogeli. Therefore, Hp and PON1 concentrations could be helpful in discriminating healthy cats from cats with asymptomatic or symptomatic infection by these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vilhena
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Vasco da Gama Universitary School, Coimbra, Portugal.,Baixo Vouga Veterinary Hospital, Águeda, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro University, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lisete Vieira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro University, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Josep Pastor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana C Silvestre-Ferreira
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro University, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro University, Vila Real, Portugal
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30
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Sato T, Ohno K, Tamamoto T, Oishi M, Kanemoto H, Fukushima K, Goto-Koshino Y, Takahashi M, Tsujimoto H. Assessment of severity and changes in C-reactive protein concentration and various biomarkers in dogs with pancreatitis. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 79:35-40. [PMID: 27666150 PMCID: PMC5289234 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine pancreatitis is a relatively common disorder, and its mortality rate remains high. However, prognostic factors for pancreatitis based on evidence are
limited. Moreover, the relationship between changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration—an important prognostic factor for human patients with acute
pancreatitis—and the prognosis of dogs with pancreatitis has not been widely studied. Therefore, we examined prognostic factors for canine pancreatitis during
the first medical examination and evaluated the usefulness of serial CRP measurements during hospitalization. Sixty-five dogs met the inclusion criteria,
including 22 that were hospitalized and treated. In Study 1, a multivariate analysis revealed that three factors— decreased platelet count and a marked (greater
than 1,000 µg/l) elevation of specific canine pancreatic lipase (Spec cPL) concentration at the first medical examination, as
well as elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and/or creatinine (CRE) level—were significantly different between the survivors and nonsurvivors. Moreover, CRP
concentrations on the third and fourth days were significantly different between the two groups in Study 2. An evaluation of the decreased platelet count,
remarkable elevation of Spec cPL concentration at the first medical examination, elevation of BUN and/or CRE as well as serial CRP concentration measurements
may be useful for predicting the prognosis of canine pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Sato
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Westerman TL, Foster CM, Tornquist SJ, Poulsen KP. Evaluation of serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations as prognostic indicators for horses with colic. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 248:935-40. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.8.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Stiller J, Jasensky AK, Hennies M, Einspanier R, Kohn B. Validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of feline haptoglobin. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:235-243. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716634397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Haptoglobin is a positive moderate acute phase protein (APP) in cats. Measurement of haptoglobin can be used in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of systemic inflammatory disease, especially by creating profiles with major APPs. The aim of our study was to validate a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measurement of feline haptoglobin. The validation included an assessment of precision, accuracy, detection limit, method comparison with a spectrophotometric assay, and evaluation of the overlap performance. The concentration of haptoglobin was measured in serum from 27 healthy and 23 sick cats. The coefficients of variation were 2.5–4.7% for intra-assay variability and 7.1–11.6% for interassay variability. The ratio of observed to expected dilutional parallelism of 4 serum samples was 108.1–118.4%. The ratio of observed to expected spike recovery of 4 serum samples was 90.8–94.0%. The lower detection limit was 0.19 g/L. Method comparison revealed a positive correlation ( rs = 0.949, P < 0.0001) and a proportional bias between the methods of −38.9%. Agreement between the methods was not clinically acceptable. Overlap performance of the ELISA was deemed satisfactory. The sandwich ELISA measures feline haptoglobin with an analytical and overlap performance acceptable for clinical purposes. Given the observed bias, the ELISA cannot be used interchangeably with the spectrophotometric assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Stiller
- Clinic of Small Animals (Stiller, Kohn), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry (Jasensky, Einspanier), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- TECOdevelopment GmbH, Rheinbach, Germany (Hennies)
| | - Anne-Katherine Jasensky
- Clinic of Small Animals (Stiller, Kohn), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry (Jasensky, Einspanier), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- TECOdevelopment GmbH, Rheinbach, Germany (Hennies)
| | - Mark Hennies
- Clinic of Small Animals (Stiller, Kohn), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry (Jasensky, Einspanier), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- TECOdevelopment GmbH, Rheinbach, Germany (Hennies)
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Clinic of Small Animals (Stiller, Kohn), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry (Jasensky, Einspanier), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- TECOdevelopment GmbH, Rheinbach, Germany (Hennies)
| | - Barbara Kohn
- Clinic of Small Animals (Stiller, Kohn), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry (Jasensky, Einspanier), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- TECOdevelopment GmbH, Rheinbach, Germany (Hennies)
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Christensen MB, Eriksen T, Kjelgaard-Hansen M. C-reactive protein: quantitative marker of surgical trauma and post-surgical complications in dogs: a systematic review. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:71. [PMID: 26483038 PMCID: PMC4615867 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a major acute phase protein showing increasing serum concentrations in dogs with systemic inflammation following e.g., surgery, trauma, infections, or neoplasia. CRP is
a useful diagnostic marker of systemic inflammation in dogs and automated assays have been validated for reliable measurements for routine diagnostic purposes. In the present study available evidence for the use of CRP as a marker of surgery related systemic inflammation in dogs was reviewed and assessed. Two main themes were in focus: (1) canine CRP as a potential marker of postsurgical infectious complications and (2) canine CRP as a marker of the degree of surgical trauma. As outlined in the review several studies suggest that CRP is a useful marker for both purposes. However, the evidence level is limited and studies in the field are all affected by considerable risks of bias. Thus, further studies are needed in order to confirm the assumptions from previous studies and increase the level of evidence for CRP as a useful marker for detecting inflammation after surgery in dogs.
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Polizopoulou ZS, Koutinas CK, Cerón JJ, Tvarijonaviciute A, Martínez-Subiela S, Dasopoulou A, York MJ, Roman IF, Gandhi M, Patel S, O'Brien PJ. Correlation of serum cardiac troponin I and acute phase protein concentrations with clinical staging in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease. Vet Clin Pathol 2015; 44:397-404. [PMID: 26288324 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) correlates with severity of myocardial injury. Nonspecific inflammation in congestive heart failure (CHF) could be assessed by C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), and ceruloplasmin (Cp) measurements. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine whether serum cTnI, CRP, Hp, and Cp concentrations differ among various stages of mitral valve disease (MVD) in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs with MVD were allocated to 3 groups (I - asymptomatic; II - mild to moderate CHF; III advanced CHF) according to the scheme of the International Small Animal Cardiac Healthy Council (ISACHC). Concentrations of cTnI, CRP, Cp, and Hp were measured in all dogs upon admission, and cTnI and CRP were measured bimonthly during a 4-month follow-up period. RESULTS In total 46 dogs with MVD were enrolled for the cross-sectional part (21 Group I, 11 Group II, 14 Group III), and 35 dogs were included in the longitudinal study. Initial mean Cp concentrations were similar among all groups. There was a statistically significant difference in Hp and CRP concentrations between group I (n = 21, P = .019) and III (n = 14, P < .001). There was a statistically significant decrease in CRP (P = .033) and cTnI (P = .009) concentrations over the longitudinal study (all groups). CRP concentrations were significantly higher in group I than III (P = .004). During the 6-month monitoring period of 35 dogs, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between cTnI and CRP (P < .001). CONCLUSION Differences in CRP concentrations between clinical stages of MVD suggest a clinically and therapeutically relevant inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe S Polizopoulou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos K Koutinas
- Clinic of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - José J Cerón
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anastasia Dasopoulou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ian F Roman
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research and Development, Ware, UK
| | - Mitul Gandhi
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research and Development, Ware, UK
| | - Sonal Patel
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research and Development, Ware, UK
| | - Peter J O'Brien
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Tharwat M, Al-Sobayil F, Buczinski S. Influence of racing on the serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins and bone metabolism biomarkers in racing greyhounds. Vet J 2014; 202:372-7. [PMID: 25294662 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the influence of racing on the serum concentrations of the acute-phase proteins (APPs) C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) in 32 endurance-racing greyhounds. The study also aimed to investigate the effect of a 7 km race on the bone biomarkers osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and pyridinoline cross-links (PYD). Total white blood cell (WBC) count, and the serum concentrations of cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vitamin D and testosterone were also determined. Blood samples were collected 24 h prior to (T0) and within 2 h of completion of the race (T1). Compared to baseline values, WBC count did not change significantly (P = 0.2300), serum cortisol, Hp and SAA increased, while TNF-α and CRP decreased (P <0.0001 for each). There were no significant differences between the pre- and post-race serum concentrations of OC and PYD (P = 0.9500 and P = 0.2600, respectively), but serum b-ALP increased significantly (P = 0.0004). Serum concentrations of vitamin D and testosterone increased after racing (P = 0.0100 and P <0.0001, respectively). In this study, a 7 km race stimulated an acute-phase response, demonstrated by significant increases in the serum concentrations Hp and SAA in racing greyhounds. Increased serum b-ALP post-race probably indicates a change in bone metabolism and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tharwat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - F Al-Sobayil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Buczinski
- Bovine Ambulatory Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.
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Méndez J, Carretón E, Martínez S, Tvarijonaviciute A, Cerón J, Montoya-Alonso J. Acute phase response in dogs with Dirofilaria immitis. Vet Parasitol 2014; 204:420-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kocaturk M, Tvarijonaviciute A, Martinez-Subiela S, Tecles F, Eralp O, Yilmaz Z, Ceron JJ. Inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers of disease severity in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 56:119-24. [PMID: 25040669 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study changes in serum C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and albumin concentration, total anti-oxidant capacity and paraoxonase-1 and butyrylcholinesterase activity in dogs with parvoviral enteritis of different degrees of clinical severity. METHODS Prospective study of 9 healthy and 43 dogs with parvoviral enteritis that were classified into mildly, moderately and affected groups. RESULTS Dogs with parvoviral enteritis had a significant increase in C-reactive protein compared with healthy dogs, with an increase of higher magnitude in animals with more severe clinical signs. All dogs with parvoviral enteritis had a significant increase in haptoglobin concentration compared with healthy dogs, but with no difference according to disease severity. There was a decrease in paraoxonase-1 activity in parvoviral enteritis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Major increases of C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with parvoviral enteritis are a marker of disease severity. In addition, higher values for anti-oxidants in severe cases compared with mild and moderate cases suggest a possible compensatory anti-oxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kocaturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16190, Bursa, Turkey
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Hillström A, Hagman R, Tvedten H, Kjelgaard-Hansen M. Validation of a commercially available automated canine-specific immunoturbidimetric method for measuring canine C-reactive protein. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:235-43. [PMID: 24798319 PMCID: PMC4257579 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) is used for diagnosing and monitoring systemic inflammatory disease in canine patients. An automated human immunoturbidimetric assay has been validated for measuring canine CRP, but cross-reactivity with canine CRP is unpredictable. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to validate a new automated canine-specific immunoturbidimetric CRP method (Gentian cCRP). METHODS Studies of imprecision, accuracy, prozone effect, interference, limit of quantification, and stability under different storage conditions were performed. The new method was compared with a human CRP assay previously validated for canine CRP determination. Samples from 40 healthy dogs were analyzed to establish a reference interval. RESULTS Total imprecision was < 2.4% for 4 tested serum pools analyzed twice daily over 10 days. The method was linear under dilution, and no prozone effect was detected at a concentration of 1200 mg/L. Recovery after spiking serum with purified canine CRP at 2 different concentrations was 123% and 116%, respectively. No interference from hemoglobin or triglycerides (10 g/L) was detected. CRP was stable for 14 days at 4°C and 22°C. In the method comparison study, there was good agreement between the validated human CRP assay and the new canine-specific assay. Healthy dogs had CRP concentrations that were less than the limit of quantification of the Gentian cCRP method (6.8 mg/L). CONCLUSIONS The new canine-specific immunoturbidimetric CRP assay is a reliable and rapid method for measuring canine CRP, suitable for clinical use due to the option for an automated assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hillström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala, Sweden
| | - Ragnvi Hagman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala, Sweden
| | - Harold Tvedten
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala, Sweden
| | - Mads Kjelgaard-Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
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Kum C, Voyvoda H, Sekkin S, Karademir U, Tarimcilar T. Effects of carprofen and meloxicam on C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen concentrations in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Am J Vet Res 2014; 74:1267-73. [PMID: 24066910 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.10.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of perioperative oral administration of carprofen and meloxicam on concentrations of 3 acute-phase proteins in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy (OVH). ANIMALS 18 healthy adult anestrous female dogs undergoing elective OVH. PROCEDURES Dogs were allocated to 3 groups (6 dogs/group). A placebo treatment, carprofen (2.0 mg/kg), or meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) was orally administered to the dogs of the respective groups. The initial doses were administered 30 minutes before premedication prior to OVH; additional doses were administered once daily for 4 days after surgery. Blood samples were collected 45 minutes before premedication and 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the end of OVH; samples were used for measurement of total WBC and neutrophil counts and concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen. RESULTS Values did not differ significantly among groups for WBC and neutrophil counts, serum concentrations of CRP and ceruloplasmin, and plasma concentrations of fibrinogen. Concentrations of all inflammatory markers, except serum ceruloplasmin, increased significantly following OVH, but in a similar manner for each group. No significant changes were detected in serum ceruloplasmin concentrations over time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Perioperative administration of both carprofen and meloxicam did not significantly affect the concentrations of CRP, ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen in dogs undergoing OVH. Thus, use of carprofen or meloxicam should not affect clinical interpretation of results for these 3 acute-phase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavit Kum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, PK: 17, 09016, Isikli, Aydin, Turkey
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Martínez-Subiela S, García-Martínez JD, Tvarijonaviciute A, Tecles F, Caldin M, Bernal LJ, Cerón JJ. Urinary C reactive protein levels in dogs with leishmaniasis at different stages of renal damage. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:924-9. [PMID: 23932765 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to validate a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for C reactive protein (CRP) quantification in urine of dogs and to investigate the influence that the presence of proteinuria and azotemia could have on serum and urinary CRP (uCRP) values in dogs with leishmaniasis. Samples obtained from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum were classified into four groups on the basis of the results of urinary protein/creatinine ratio and serum creatinine (sCr). In addition, 7 dogs were monitored at initial diagnosis and after a follow up visit. The assay showed good analytical performance based on precision, accuracy and limit of detection results. Results of the study suggested that CRP is present in urine of dogs with leishmaniasis and renal damage since uCRP/creatinine ratio was significantly increased in dogs with proteinuria, being the highest values observed in dogs with proteinuria and elevated sCr, and that the measurement of uCRP could be a tool to detect and evaluate the possible kidney damage associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Campus of Excelence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Casella S, Fazio F, Russo C, Giudice E, Piccione G. Acute phase proteins response in hunting dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:577-80. [PMID: 23864258 DOI: 10.1177/1040638713495851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cells (WBC) were assessed in 20 dogs divided into 2 groups. The dogs of group A were not subjected to hunting exercise (control group), while the dogs of group B were subjected to hunting exercise for 3 hr (experimental group). Blood samples were collected from each animal before hunting (T0), immediately after 3 hr of hunting (T1), and after 1 hr of recovery (T2). The general linear model (GLM) repeated measures procedure showed a significant difference between the 2 groups (P < 0.0001) and a significant rise (P < 0.0001) in concentration of Hp, SAA, and CRP after hunting exercise, with a consequent decline during recovery period in group B. These parameters could be considered valid and easily obtainable biomarkers in relation to hunting stress in dogs. Additional studies will continue to elucidate the magnitude and the time of response of other acute phase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Casella
- 1Francesco Fazio, Department of Veterinary Science, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy.
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Ludwig P, Leidinger EF, Hooijberg EH. Evaluation of the fibrinogen antigenic turbidimetric assay as a screening method for measurement of fibrinogen concentration in dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2012; 41:243-8. [PMID: 22551158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2012.00426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel method for the rapid detection of fibrinogen concentration in human plasma, the fibrinogen antigenic turbidimetric assay (FIATA), is based on the precipitation of fibrinogen by vancomycin and a resultant change in optical density. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to evaluate the FIATA method for: (1) measuring fibrinogen concentration in canine plasma using specimens collected in citrate, EDTA, and heparin, (2) species-specific calibration requirements, and (3) applicability for automation. METHODS Standard curves were generated with both human and canine fibrinogen standards in the FIATA, and a reference interval for fibrinogen concentration was established using citrated plasma from healthy dogs (n = 127). Using specimens collected from this population, results using the FIATA were compared with a modified thermoprecipitation method, and 24 of the FIATA samples were used for comparison with a particle-enhanced turbidometric fibrinogen assay. The FIATA was also applied to an automated chemistry analyzer using citrated plasma. Fibrinogen concentration was measured in EDTA and heparinized plasma in the manual FIATA. Standards, methods, and anticoagulants were compared, and correlation among these variables was evaluated. RESULTS Significant differences between FIATA results using human and canine standards and the manual and automated methods were not found. For EDTA plasma, fibrinogen concentrations were not identical, but were similar, to those for citrated plasma; heparinized plasma was not suitable for measurement. Correlation between the thermoprecipitation method and FIATA was weak. The reference interval for fibrinogen as measured by the FIATA using citrated plasma was 103-456 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS The FIATA can be used as a screening method to measure fibrinogen concentration in citrated or EDTA plasma from dogs.
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Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APP) were first identified in the early 1900s as early reactants to infectious disease. They are now understood to be an integral part of the acute phase response (APR) which is the cornerstone of innate immunity. APP have been shown to be valuable biomarkers as increases can occur with inflammation, infection, neoplasia, stress, and trauma. All animals--from fish to mammals--have demonstrable APP, but the type of major APP differs by species. While the primary application of these proteins in a clinical setting is prognostication, studies in animals have demonstrated relevance to diagnosis and detection and monitoring for subclinical disease. APP have been well documented in laboratory, companion, and large animals. With the advent of standardized and automated assays, these biomarkers are available for use in all fields of veterinary medicine as well as basic and clinical research.
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Horrocks NPC, Irene Tieleman B, Matson KD. A simple assay for measurement of ovotransferrin - a marker of inflammation and infection in birds. Methods Ecol Evol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2011.00096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tvarijonaviciute A, Martinez S, Gutierrez A, Ceron JJ, Tecles F. Serum acute phase proteins concentrations in dogs during experimentally short-term induced overweight. A preliminary study. Res Vet Sci 2011; 90:31-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Jacobsen S. Assay validation and diagnostic applications of major acute-phase protein testing in companion animals. Clin Lab Med 2010; 31:51-70. [PMID: 21295722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of major acute-phase proteins (APPs) for assessment of health and disease in companion animals has increased within the last decade because of increased knowledge in the field and increased access to appropriate assay systems for detection of relevant APPs, which are highly species specific. Despite evidence being restricted almost solely to proven excellent overlap performance of these markers in detecting inflammatory activity, clinically relevant studies at higher evidence levels do exist. The available body of literature shows a clear, but seemingly untapped, potential for more extended routine clinical use of major APP testing in companion animal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Kjelgaard-Hansen
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of LIFE Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Tecles F, Caldín M, Zanella A, Membiela F, Tvarijonaviciute A, Subiela SM, Cerón JJ. Serum acute phase protein concentrations in female dogs with mammary tumors. J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:214-9. [PMID: 19286500 DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APPs) are proteins whose concentrations in serum change after any inflammatory stimulus or tissue damage. The aim of the current study was to evaluate 3 positive APPs (C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and haptoglobin) and 1 negative APP (albumin) in female dogs with mammary neoplasia. Acute phase proteins were studied in 70 female dogs aged 8-12 years in the following groups: healthy (n = 10); mammary tumors in stages I (n = 19), II (n = 5), III (n = 6), IV (n = 5), and V (n = 7); and with mammary neoplasia plus a concomitant disease (n = 18). In animals with mammary neoplasia, significant increases of positive APPs were only detected in those that had metastasis or a neoplasm with a diameter greater than 5 cm and ulceration. Dogs with mammary neoplasia and a concomitant disease also had high C-reactive protein concentrations. Albumin concentration was decreased in animals with metastasis and with a concomitant disease. The results of the present study indicate that the acute phase response could be stimulated in female dogs with mammary gland tumors because of different factors, such as metastasis, large size of the primary mass, and ulceration or secondary inflammation of the neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Tecles
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo s/n 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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