1
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From targeted methods to metabolomics based strategies to screen for growth promoters misuse in horseracing and livestock: A review. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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2
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The Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Ethanol-Fixed Tissues to Detect Illicit Treatments with Glucocorticoids in Bulls. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193001. [PMID: 36230078 PMCID: PMC9563602 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to set up indirect, rapid methods involving near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy analysis, to detect illicit treatments with glucocorticoids in bull. The ethanol fixation method (EtOH) was applied to 7 different tissues obtained from 20 Friesian bulls, 12 of which were experimentally administered with dexamethasone as part of a growth-promoting protocol for 60 days and slaughtered 26 days after the end of the treatment. A perfect discrimination was obtained for the 7 sampled tissues, considering a full UV-Vis-NIR range (350 ÷ 2500 nm), for both false positive and negative animals. The validated true positive and negative errors were zero for the longissimus thoracis muscle, 10% for the skin-dermis, 15% for the fat, 25% for the thymus gland and the semitendinosus muscle, 30% for the sternomandibularis muscle and 35% for the skin-hair. A multiple test on the most accessible tissues, that is, the thymus gland, the sternomandibularis muscle and fat, can be used as an alternative to provide indications about animals that have been subjected to illicit treatments. In the short space of three days from the slaughter, NIR spectroscopy of ETOH fixed tissues, would allow at least cost the detection of a probable illicit which could eventually be reported to health authorities for specific investigation in the frame of official controls.
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3
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Divari S, Cuccato M, Fanelli A, Cannizzo FT. Development of a droplet digital PCR assay to detect illicit glucocorticoid administration in bovine. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271613. [PMID: 35839236 PMCID: PMC9286227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are often used illegally in food-producing animals for the growth promotion of livestock animals. In accordance to official chemical methods for glucocorticoid detection, an animal is declared as non-compliant when a residue is identified in the sample. Neverthless, growth promoting molecules can often escape identification due to their rapid elimination or due to the use of non-detectable new generation drugs. Therefore, an indirect screening method able to detect the biological effect of long-term administration of low doses of dexamethasone and prednisolone on livestock has been developed to support official methods. As already described, FKBP5 (FKBP prolyl isomerase 5) expression in bovine thymus is regulated by glucocorticoids, and this specific regulation can be exploited in an indirect screening assay. In the present study, male veal calves and young bulls were considered in three different trials in which estradiol, dexamethasone, and prednisolone were administered alone or in combination with Revalor-200 subcutaneous pellets. Thoracic thymus was sampled from all animals and molecular analysis was performed. A duplex droplet digital PCR assay with EvaGreen® was employed to detect the target gene expression using absolute quantification. The developed droplet digital PCR assay was precise, showing intra- and inter-assay mean coefficient of variation values of about 6.16% and 3.17%, respectively. It was also highly specific (100%) with Youden’s index of 76.92% and 53.57% applied to veal calves and young bulls, respectively. The lowest detection limit in which the target gene expression level was kept constant, was 0.05 ng/μl of cDNA with 1 copies/μL and 0.5 copies/μL for target and reference gene, respectively. This study establishes the basis for using a digital PCR-based assay as an efficient test to identify animals illegally treated with glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Divari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Matteo Cuccato
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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4
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Keen B, Cawley A, Reedy B, Fu S. Metabolomics in clinical and forensic toxicology, sports anti-doping and veterinary residues. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:794-807. [PMID: 35194967 PMCID: PMC9544538 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a multidisciplinary field providing workflows for complementary approaches to conventional analytical determinations. It allows for the study of metabolically related groups of compounds or even the study of novel pathways within the biological system. The procedural stages of metabolomics; experimental design, sample preparation, analytical determinations, data processing and statistical analysis, compound identification and validation strategies are explored in this review. The selected approach will depend on the type of study being conducted. Experimental design influences the whole metabolomics workflow and thus needs to be properly assessed to ensure sufficient sample size, minimal introduced and biological variation and appropriate statistical power. Sample preparation needs to be simple, yet potentially global in order to detect as many compounds as possible. Analytical determinations need to be optimised either for the list of targeted compounds or a universal approach. Data processing and statistical analysis approaches vary widely and need to be better harmonised for review and interpretation. This includes validation strategies that are currently deficient in many presented workflows. Common compound identification approaches have been explored in this review. Metabolomics applications are discussed for clinical and forensic toxicology, human and equine sports anti-doping and veterinary residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Keen
- Centre for Forensic ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadwayNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Adam Cawley
- Australian Racing Forensic LaboratoryRacing NSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Brian Reedy
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadwayNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shanlin Fu
- Centre for Forensic ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadwayNew South WalesAustralia
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5
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Cloteau C, Dervilly G, Kaabia Z, Bagilet F, Delcourt V, Loup B, Guitton Y, Royer AL, Monteau F, Garcia P, Ma P, Le Bizec B, Bailly-Chouriberry L. FROM A NON-TARGETED METABOLOMICS APPROACH TO A TARGETED BIOMARKERS STRATEGY TO HIGHLIGHT TESTOSTERONE ABUSE IN EQUINE. ILLUSTRATION OF A METHODOLOGICAL TRANSFER BETWEEN PLATFORMS AND LABORATORIES. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:864-878. [PMID: 35001538 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In order to overcome the challenge associated with the screening of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) abuses in animal competitions, a non-targeted LC-HRMS based metabolomics approach was implemented on equine urine samples to highlight potential biomarkers associated with the administration of such compounds, using testosterone esters as model steroids. A statistical model relying on 4 potential biomarkers intensity could be defined to predict the status of the samples. With a routine application perspective, the monitoring of the highlighted potential biomarkers was first transferred into high-throughput LC-SRM. The model's performances and robustness of the approach were preserved and providing a first demonstration of metabolomics-based biomarkers integration within a targeted workflow using common benchtop MS instrumentation. In addition, with a view to the widespread implementation of such biomarker-based tools, we have transferred the method to a second laboratory with similar instrumentation. This proof of concept allows the development and application of biomarker-based strategies to meet current doping control needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cloteau
- ONIRIS, INRAE, LABERCA, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
| | | | - Z Kaabia
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
| | - F Bagilet
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
| | - V Delcourt
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
| | - B Loup
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
| | - Y Guitton
- ONIRIS, INRAE, LABERCA, Nantes, France
| | - A L Royer
- ONIRIS, INRAE, LABERCA, Nantes, France
| | - F Monteau
- ONIRIS, INRAE, LABERCA, Nantes, France
| | - P Garcia
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
| | - Popot Ma
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
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6
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Ouzia S, Royer AL, Pezzolato M, Benedetto A, Biasibetti E, Guitton Y, Le Bizec B, Bozetta E, Dervilly G. Nandrolone and estradiol biomarkers identification in bovine urine applying a liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics approach. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:879-886. [PMID: 34242491 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of specifically investigating patterns associated with three steroid treatments (17β-nandrolone, 17β-estradiol, and 17β-nandrolone + 17β-estradiol) in bovine, an reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)(+/-)-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) study was conducted to characterize the urinary profiles of involved animals. Although specific fingerprints with strong differences could be highlighted between urinary metabolite profiles within urine samples collected on control and treated animals, it appeared further that significant discriminations could also be observed between steroid treatments, evidencing thus specific patterns and candidate biomarkers associated to each treatment. An MS-2 structural elucidation step enabled level-1 identification of two biomarkers mainly involved in energy pathways, in relation to skeletal muscle functioning. These results make it possible to envisage a global strategy for the detection of anabolic practices involving steroids, while at the same time providing clues as to the compounds used, which would facilitate the confirmation stage to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale Indagini Biologiche Anabolizzanti Animali - CIBA, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Benedetto
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale Indagini Biologiche Anabolizzanti Animali - CIBA, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale Indagini Biologiche Anabolizzanti Animali - CIBA, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Bozetta
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale Indagini Biologiche Anabolizzanti Animali - CIBA, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
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7
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Xiong L, Guo Z, Wang H, Pei J, Wu X, Yan P, Guo X. The Study on Potential Biomarker in Rat After Withdrawal of Cimaterol Using Untargeted Metabonomics. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Ross A, Brunius C, Chevallier O, Dervilly G, Elliott C, Guitton Y, Prenni JE, Savolainen O, Hemeryck L, Vidkjær NH, Scollan N, Stead SL, Zhang R, Vanhaecke L. Making complex measurements of meat composition fast: Application of rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry to measuring meat quality and fraud. Meat Sci 2020; 181:108333. [PMID: 33067082 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasing demands are being placed on meat producers to verify more about their product with regards to safety, quality and authenticity. There are many methods that can detect aspects of these parameters in meat, yet most are too slow to keep up with the demands of modern meat processing plants and supply chains. A new technology, Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS), has the potential to bridge the gap between advanced laboratory measurements and technology that can screen for quality, safety and authenticity parameters in a single measurement. Analysis with REIMS generates a detailed mass spectral fingerprint representative of a meat sample without the need for sample processing. REIMS has successfully been used to detect species fraud, detect use of hormones in meat animals, monitor meat processing and to detect off flavours such as boar taint. The aim of this review is to summarize these and other applications to highlight the potential of REIMS for meat analysis. Sampling methods and important considerations for data analysis are discussed as well as limitations of the technology and remaining challenges for practical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Ross
- Food and Biobased Products Group, AgResearch, Lincoln, New Zealand.
| | - Carl Brunius
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jessica E Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science and Chalmers Mass Spectrometry Infrastructure, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
| | | | - Nanna Hjort Vidkjær
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
| | - Nigel Scollan
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - Sara L Stead
- Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, UK.
| | - Renyu Zhang
- Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Belgium.
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9
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Divari S, De Lucia F, Berio E, Sereno A, Biolatti B, Cannizzo FT. Dexamethasone and prednisolone treatment in beef cattle: influence on glycogen deposition and gene expression in the liver. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106444. [PMID: 32199239 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The illegal administration of glucocorticoids in livestock is problematic and identification of pathways in which these hormones are involved is critically important, and new direct or indirect biomarkers should be identified. In this work, glucocorticoid transcriptional effects on some genes involved in the glucose metabolism were studied in the bovine liver. This study was conducted on adult Charolais male cattle treated with long-term low dose dexamethasone or prednisolone. Gene expression analysis was conducted in the liver by qPCR, and the geNorm algorithm was applied to select optimal reference genes. In line with the literature, a significant overexpression of genes involved in the gluconeogenic pathway and glycogen synthesis was detected in the liver of dexamethasone-treated animals, but histological and biochemical examination showed hepatocyte glycogen depletion particularly in dexamethasone-treated animals. It possible to hypothesize that glucocorticoids or adrenal insufficiency due to glucocorticoids withdrawal inhibit the enzymatic activity of glycogen synthase and/or induce glycogen autophagy in bovine liver. In fact, markers of glycophagy as starch-binding domain-containing protein 1 and γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 mRNAs were upregulated in the liver by glucocorticoids treatment. Furthermore, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta gene was significantly overexpressed in dexamethasone-treated animals, and this protein is also implicated in liver autophagy modulation and glycogen synthesis inhibition. These results showed that glucocorticoids likley have dual roles in hepatic glycogen metabolism of cattle, and investigation of these pathways could help find treatment biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Divari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
| | - F De Lucia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - E Berio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - A Sereno
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - B Biolatti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - F T Cannizzo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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10
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Narduzzi L, Dervilly G, Audran M, Le Bizec B, Buisson C. A role for metabolomics in the antidoping toolbox? Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:677-690. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Narduzzi
- Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA)Oniris, INRAE Nantes France
| | - Gaud Dervilly
- Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA)Oniris, INRAE Nantes France
| | - Michel Audran
- Département des analysesAgence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD) Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA)Oniris, INRAE Nantes France
| | - Corinne Buisson
- Département des analysesAgence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD) Châtenay‐Malabry France
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11
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Meat quality traits and canonical discriminant analysis to identify the use of illicit growth promoters in Charolais bulls. Food Chem 2019; 300:125173. [PMID: 31319335 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The administration of anabolic agents in farm animals to improve meat production has been prohibited in EU, due to the potential risks to human health. Meat quality was investigated to detect the effects of illegal administration of dexamethasone or prednisolone or 17β-estradiol on Charolais bulls. Three groups of 6 bulls were treated and 12 bulls were the control. Meat quality parameters were measured on live animals, carcasses and on samples of Longissimus thoracis and multivariate statistical data analysis was applied. In Charolais bulls, these parameters were affected by growth promoter administration and the multivariate canonical discriminant analysis was able to distinguish between treated and untreated animals mainly due to three electronic nose's parameters, 24 h carcass temperature and drip loss. Therefore, meat quality control and the multivariate analysis could be useful as a first screening to address targeted controls on farms suspected of illicit use of growth promoters.
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12
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Dervilly-Pinel G, Royer AL, Bozzetta E, Pezzolato M, Herpin L, Prevost S, Le Bizec B. When LC-HRMS metabolomics gets ISO17025 accredited and ready for official controls – application to the screening of forbidden compounds in livestock. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:1948-1958. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1496280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Lise Royer
- Laberca, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Loïc Herpin
- Laberca, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | | | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laberca, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
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13
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Kinkead RA, Elliott CT, Cannizzo FT, Biolatti B, Gadaj A, Mooney MH. Plasma metabolomic profiling based detection of drug specific responses to different bovine growth promoting regimes. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Barbera S, Tarantola M, Sala G, Nebbia C. Canonical discriminant analysis and meat quality analysis as complementary tools to detect the illicit use of dexamethasone as a growth promoter in Friesian bulls. Vet J 2018; 235:54-59. [PMID: 29704939 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A screening method based on meat quality parameters and production traits for detecting the effects of illegal administration of dexamethasone in Friesian bulls was assessed. Twenty finishing bulls were divided into an untreated control group (n=8) and two treatment groups receiving dexamethasone orally at dosages of 1.4 (n=6) or 0.7 (n=6)mg per head per day for 60 days. The animals were slaughtered 26days after cessation of treatment. Thirty-six parameters were measured on live animals, carcasses and samples of the longissimus thoracis muscle. The production traits were similar between groups, but there were significant differences in meat quality between treatment groups. The higher dosage of dexamethasone improved meat tenderness, while the lower dosage resulted in more saturated red meat, with increased meat cooking shrinkage and cooking loss. The use of a portable 'electronic nose' as a screening tool was not successful in discriminating between treated and untreated meat. These results indicate that a multivariable approach using canonical discriminant analysis may be a complementary tool to identify meat from animals illegally treated with dexamethasone, based on several parameters (meat flavour, cooking and thawing loss, tenderness, colour and live weight gain), which are part of the normal analysis of meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barbera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 - 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - M Tarantola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 - 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - G Sala
- KWS Italia, Via Secondo Casadei, 8-47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - C Nebbia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 - 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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15
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Guitton Y, Dervilly-Pinel G, Jandova R, Stead S, Takats Z, Le Bizec B. Rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry and chemometrics for high-throughput screening of growth promoters in meat producing animals. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:900-910. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1421778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Guitton
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes, France
| | - Gaud Dervilly-Pinel
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes, France
| | | | - Sara Stead
- UMR INRA 1329, Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes, France
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16
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Divari S, Berio E, Biolatti B, Cannizzo FT. Reference Gene Selection and Prednisolone Target Gene Expression in Adipose Tissues of Friesian Cattle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11140-11145. [PMID: 29179546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroids are frequently used in livestock production, and their use is permitted by the European Union for therapeutic purposes only. However, small doses of corticosteroids are often administered in meat-producing animals to improve zootechnical performance. Prednisolone is one of the most commonly used corticosteroids with a growth-promoting purpose in animal husbandry. This study proposes to identify a gene whose expression is significantly regulated by prednisolone in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. The analysis was conducted on Friesian cattle treated with prednisolone (30 mg day-1). The reference gene expression stability and optimal number for gene expression normalization were calculated. Family with sequence similarity 107 member A (FAM107A) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 are the prednisolone target genes identified in adipose tissue. FAM107A was downregulated by ∼2.9-fold by prednisolone in subcutaneous adipose tissue. This result suggests that FAM107A could be a possible indirect biomarker of prednisolone treatment in cattle and encourages a deeper investigation in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Divari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin , Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Berio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin , Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Biolatti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin , Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Tiziana Cannizzo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin , Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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17
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Richelmi GB, Maurella C, Pezzolato M, Botta M, Varello K, Pitardi D, Baioni E, Bellino C, D'Angelo A, Caramelli M, Bozzetta E. Thymus atrophy is an efficient marker of illicit treatment with dexamethasone in veal calves: Results from a triennial experimental study. Res Vet Sci 2017; 113:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Divari S, Berio E, Pregel P, Sereno A, Chiesa L, Pavlovic R, Panseri S, Bovee TFH, Biolatti B, Cannizzo FT. Effects and detection of Nandrosol and ractopamine administration in veal calves. Food Chem 2016; 221:706-713. [PMID: 27979262 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes different effects of the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) nandrolone phenylpropionate (Nandrosol) and the β-agonist ractopamine administration in veal calves, and it investigates different strategies applied to trace these molecules. Morphological changes of gonads and accessory glands attributed to androgen effects, such as testicular atrophy, seminiferous tubule diameter reduction and hyperplasia of prostate epithelium, were detected, although SARMs are not described to cause these lesions. The gene expression analysis showed an anabolic activity of Nandrosol in Longissimus dorsi muscle, where myosin heavy chain (MYH) was significantly up-regulated. An IGF1 increase was weakly significant only in Vastus lateralis muscle. In conclusion, the anatomo-histopathological observations and the MYH mRNA up-regulation in Longissimus dorsi muscle confirm the androgenic treatment in experimental animals. The biosensor assay was not enough sensitive to detect residues in urines and only the direct chemical analysis of urine samples confirmed both β-agonist and SARM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Divari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy.
| | - Enrica Berio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - Paola Pregel
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - Alessandra Sereno
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - Luca Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Toine F H Bovee
- RIKILT - Institute of Food Safety, PO Box 230, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bartolomeo Biolatti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - Francesca T Cannizzo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
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19
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Pezzolato M, Botta M, Baioni E, Richelmi GB, Pitardi D, Varello K, Caramelli M, Bozzetta E. Confirmation of the progesterone receptor as an efficient marker of treatment with 17β-estradiol in veal calves. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 33:60-5. [PMID: 26482144 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1107918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Under current European Union legislation the use of anabolic steroids in food-producing livestock is banned because of their long-term adverse effects on human health. We examined the expression profile of the immunohistochemical marker progesterone receptor in veal calves' sex accessory glands following experimental administration of anabolic compounds. The aim was to confirm the accuracy of the immunohistochemical approach in the detection of the over-expression of the progesterone receptor induced by the administration of sexual steroids at low levels (17β-estradiol and nandrolone alone or in combination). A total of 217 male veal calves were randomly divided into four groups: group A (104 calves) treated with 17β-estradiol (5 mg/head; 4 weekly injections); group B (20 calves) treated with nandrolone (50 mg/head; 4 weekly injections); group C (20 calves) treated with the association of the two steroids (5 mg estradiol + 50 mg nandrolone; 4 weekly injections); and group K (73 calves) kept as a control. All the sexual accessory glands were collected at the slaughterhouse (15 days after the last administration) and subjected to immunohistochemical staining with anti-progesterone receptor antibody. All the calves treated with 17β-estradiol alone or in association with nandrolone (groups A and C) showed strong positivity, while nandrolone-treated calves and controls (groups B and K) gave negative results to the immunohistochemical investigation. The statistical analysis showed that the progesterone receptor is a significant predictor of 17β-estradiol treatment alone or in association with nandrolone (p < 0.001): the immunohistochemical study resulted in 100% sensitivity (CI = 95%: 97.1-100%) and specificity (CI = 95%: 95.1-100%) for prostate and 99% sensitivity (CI = 95%: 95.6-100%) and 100% specificity (CI = 95%: 95.1-100%) for bulbo-urethral glands. The data confirm that this innovative biological approach offers a reliable tool to enhance the efficacy of the histological test to detect illegal treatments with estrogens alone or in association with androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Pezzolato
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta , Turin , Italy
| | - Mario Botta
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta , Turin , Italy
| | - Elisa Baioni
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta , Turin , Italy
| | - Guia Benedetta Richelmi
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta , Turin , Italy
| | - Danilo Pitardi
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta , Turin , Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta , Turin , Italy
| | - Maria Caramelli
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta , Turin , Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta , Turin , Italy
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20
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Stella R, Biancotto G, Arrigoni G, Barrucci F, Angeletti R, James P. Proteomics for the detection of indirect markers of steroids treatment in bovine muscle. Proteomics 2015; 15:2332-41. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stella
- Department of Chemistry; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie; Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - Giancarlo Biancotto
- Department of Chemistry; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie; Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Padova University; Padova Italy
- Proteomics Center of Padova University; Padova Italy
| | - Federica Barrucci
- Department of Public Health and Risk Analysis; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie; Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - Roberto Angeletti
- Department of Chemistry; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie; Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - Peter James
- Department of Immunotechnology; Medicon Village, Lund University; Lund Sweden
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21
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Pirro V, Girolami F, Spalenza V, Gardini G, Badino P, Nebbia C. Set-up of a multivariate approach based on serum biomarkers as an alternative strategy for the screening evaluation of the potential abuse of growth promoters in veal calves. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:702-11. [PMID: 25730172 PMCID: PMC4396443 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1011713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A chemometric class modelling strategy (unequal dispersed classes - UNEQ) was applied for the first time as a possible screening method to monitor the abuse of growth promoters in veal calves. Five serum biomarkers, known to reflect the exposure to classes of compounds illegally used as growth promoters, were determined from 50 untreated animals in order to design a model of controls, representing veal calves reared under good, safe and highly standardised breeding conditions. The class modelling was applied to 421 commercially bred veal calves to separate them into 'compliant' and 'non-compliant' with respect to the modelled controls. Part of the non-compliant animals underwent further histological and chemical examinations to confirm the presence of either alterations in target tissues or traces of illegal substances commonly administered for growth-promoting purposes. Overall, the congruence between the histological or chemical methods and the UNEQ non-compliant outcomes was approximately 58%, likely underestimated due to the blindness nature of this examination. Further research is needed to confirm the validity of the UNEQ model in terms of sensitivity in recognising untreated animals as compliant to the controls, and specificity in revealing deviations from ideal breeding conditions, for example due to the abuse of growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Veronica Spalenza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giulia Gardini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paola Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Carlo Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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22
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Zaborski D, Grzesiak W, Pilarczyk R. Detection of difficult calvings in the Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White heifers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2014.987293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Courant F, Antignac JP, Dervilly-Pinel G, Le Bizec B. Basics of mass spectrometry based metabolomics. Proteomics 2014; 14:2369-88. [PMID: 25168716 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of metabolomics, aiming to characterize small molecule metabolites present in biological systems, promises immense potential for different areas such as medicine, environmental sciences, agronomy, etc. The purpose of this article is to guide the reader through the history of the field, then through the main steps of the metabolomics workflow, from study design to structure elucidation, and help the reader to understand the key phases of a metabolomics investigation and the rationale underlying the protocols and techniques used. This article is not intended to give standard operating procedures as several papers related to this topic were already provided, but is designed as a tutorial aiming to help beginners understand the concept and challenges of MS-based metabolomics. A real case example is taken from the literature to illustrate the application of the metabolomics approach in the field of doping analysis. Challenges and limitations of the approach are then discussed along with future directions in research to cope with these limitations. This tutorial is part of the International Proteomics Tutorial Programme (IPTP18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Courant
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Montpellier 1, UMR 5569 Hydrosciences, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), LUNAM Université Oniris, USC INRA 1329, Nantes, France
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24
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Pegolo S, Cannizzo FT, Biolatti B, Castagnaro M, Bargelloni L. Transcriptomic profiling as a screening tool to detect trenbolone treatment in beef cattle. Res Vet Sci 2014; 96:472-81. [PMID: 24746288 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of steroid hormone implants containing trenbolone alone (Finaplix-H), combined with 17β-oestradiol (17β-E; Revalor-H), or with 17β-E and dexamethasone (Revalor-H plus dexamethasone per os) on the bovine muscle transcriptome were examined by DNA-microarray. Overall, large sets of genes were shown to be modulated by the different growth promoters (GPs) and the regulated pathways and biological processes were mostly shared among the treatment groups. Using the Prediction Analysis of Microarray program, GP-treated animals were accurately identified by a small number of predictive genes. A meta-analysis approach was also carried out for the Revalor group to potentially increase the robustness of class prediction analysis. After data pre-processing, a high level of accuracy (90%) was obtained in the classification of samples, using 105 predictive gene markers. Transcriptomics could thus help in the identification of indirect biomarkers for anabolic treatment in beef cattle to be applied for the screening of muscle samples collected after slaughtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pegolo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - F T Cannizzo
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Turin, via L. da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - B Biolatti
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Turin, via L. da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - M Castagnaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - L Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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25
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Cannizzo F, Pegolo S, Starvaggi Cucuzza L, Bargelloni L, Divari S, Franch R, Castagnaro M, Biolatti B. Gene expression profiling of thymus in beef cattle treated with prednisolone. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:540-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat (bovine animals). EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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27
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Leporati M, Capra P, Cannizzo F, Biolatti B, Nebbia C, Vincenti M. Determination of prednisolone metabolites in beef cattle. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1044-54. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.777975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Ludwig SKJ, Smits NGE, Cannizzo FT, Nielen MWF. Potential of treatment-specific protein biomarker profiles for detection of hormone abuse in cattle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4514-4519. [PMID: 23582010 DOI: 10.1021/jf4004972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein biomarker profiling is suggested as a fast screening approach for detection of illegal hormone treatment in meat production. The advantage of using biomarkers is that they mark the biological response and, thus, are responsive to a panel of substances with similar effects. In a preliminary feasibility study, a 4-plex protein biomarker flow cytometric immunoassay (FCIA) previously developed for the detection of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) was applied to cattle treated with steroids, such as estradiol, dexamethasone, and prednisolone. Each treatment resulted in a specific plasma biomarker profile for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein 2, osteocalcin, and anti-rbST antibodies, which could be distinguished from the profile of untreated animals. In summary, the 4-plex biomarker FCIA is, apart from rbST, also capable of detecting treatment with other growth-promoting agents and therefore clearly shows the potential of biomarker profiling as a screening method in veterinary control. It is proposed to perform additional validation studies covering high numbers of treated and untreated animals to support inclusion or adaptation of protein biomarker approaches in future monitoring regulations.
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29
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D'Alessandro A, Zolla L. Meat science: From proteomics to integrated omics towards system biology. J Proteomics 2013; 78:558-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Uslenghi F, Divari S, Cannizzo FT, De Maria R, Spada F, Mulasso C, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E, Attucci A, Giorgi P, Biolatti B. Application of absolute qPCR as a screening method to detect illicit 17β-oestradiol administration in male cattle. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 30:253-63. [PMID: 23131142 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.740777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that the progesterone receptor gene is up-regulated in the sex accessory glands of pre-pubertal and adult male bovines after 17β-oestradiol treatment. In the present study, a qualitative screening method was optimised to detect 17β-oestradiol treatment using absolute quantification by qPCR of the progesterone receptor gene to determine the amount of gene expression in bulbo-urethral glands. An external standard curve was generated and developed with TaqMan® technology. Based on two in vivo experiments, the decision limit CCα, sensitivity and specificity of this screening method were established. Trial 1 consisted of 32 Friesian veal calves divided into two groups: group A (n = 12), consisting of animals treated with four doses of 17β-oestradiol (5 mg week(-1) per animal); and group B (n = 20), consisting of control animals. Trial 2 was performed on 26 Charolaise beef cattle that either received five doses of 17β-oestradiol (group C; 20 mg week(-1) per animal; n = 6) or remained untreated (group D; n = 20). Further, progesterone receptor gene expression was evaluated in beef and veal calves for human consumption. A specific CCα on 20 Piedmontese control beef cattle was calculated to include these animals in a field investigation. Five out of 190 beef cattle and 26 out of 177 calves tested expressed the progesterone receptor gene above their respective CCα and they were classified as being suspected of 17β-oestradiol treatment. Additionally, 58% of veal calves that tested suspect via qPCR exhibited histological lesions of the bulbo-urethral gland tissue, which are typical of oestrogen administration and are consistent with hyperplasia and metaplasia of the glandular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Uslenghi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
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31
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Pegolo S, Gallina G, Montesissa C, Capolongo F, Ferraresso S, Pellizzari C, Poppi L, Castagnaro M, Bargelloni L. Transcriptomic markers meet the real world: finding diagnostic signatures of corticosteroid treatment in commercial beef samples. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:205. [PMID: 23110699 PMCID: PMC3541986 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of growth-promoters in beef cattle, despite the EU ban, remains a frequent practice. The use of transcriptomic markers has already proposed to identify indirect evidence of anabolic hormone treatment. So far, such approach has been tested in experimentally treated animals. Here, for the first time commercial samples were analyzed. Results Quantitative determination of Dexamethasone (DEX) residues in the urine collected at the slaughterhouse was performed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). DNA-microarray technology was used to obtain transcriptomic profiles of skeletal muscle in commercial samples and negative controls. LC-MS confirmed the presence of low level of DEX residues in the urine of the commercial samples suspect for histological classification. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on microarray data identified two clusters of samples. One cluster included negative controls and a subset of commercial samples, while a second cluster included part of the specimens collected at the slaughterhouse together with positives for corticosteroid treatment based on thymus histology and LC-MS. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes (3961) between the two groups provided further evidence that animals clustering with positive samples might have been treated with corticosteroids. These suspect samples could be reliably classified with a specific classification tool (Prediction Analysis of Microarray) using just two genes. Conclusions Despite broad variation observed in gene expression profiles, the present study showed that DNA-microarrays can be used to find transcriptomic signatures of putative anabolic treatments and that gene expression markers could represent a useful screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pegolo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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32
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Primary hepatocytes as an useful bioassay to characterize metabolism and bioactivity of illicit steroids in cattle. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:1224-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bertarelli D, Balbo A, Carletti M, Cannizzo T, Girolami F, Nebbia C. Hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase and glucocorticoid abuse in meat cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:596-603. [PMID: 22376142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Besides being extensively applied as therapeutical remedies, glucocorticoids (GCs) - most notably dexamethasone or prednisolone - are also illegally used in livestock for growth-promoting purposes. This study was designed to assess the suitability of liver tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), a gluconeogenic enzyme known to be induced by GCs, to act as a reliable candidate biomarker to screen for GC abuse in cattle. Enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically in liver cytosols or in cell extracts, and TAT gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. Compared with untreated veal calves, a notable scatter (20-fold) and much higher median values (3-fold) characterized TAT specific activity in liver samples from commercially farmed veal calves. A time-related increase in both enzyme activity and gene expression was detected in rat hepatoma cell lines treated with dexamethasone concentrations (10(-8) or 10(-9) m) in the range of those recorded in noncompliant samples from EU official controls. In experimental studies in which finishing bulls were administered GCs at growth-promoting dosages, however, no such changes were recorded in dexamethasone-treated animals; a statistically significant rise in liver TAT activity (+95%) only occurred in prednisolone-treated bulls. Although further research is needed to characterize the GC-mediated response in cattle liver, TAT does not appear to be a specific and sensitive biomarker of GC abuse in the bovine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bertarelli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italia
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