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Markova J, Langova D, Babak V, Kostovova I. Ovine and Caprine Strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis on Czech Farms-A Comparative Study. Microorganisms 2024; 12:875. [PMID: 38792705 PMCID: PMC11123211 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a worldwide disease of small ruminants caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a facultative intracellular pathogen that is able to survive and multiply in certain white blood cells of the host. In this study, 33 strains of C. pseudotuberculosis were isolated from sheep and goats suffering from CLA on nine farms in the Czech Republic. All these strains were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility, ability to form a biofilm and resistance to the effects of commonly used disinfectant agents. To better understand the virulence of C. pseudotuberculosis, the genomes of strains were sequenced and comparative genomic analysis was performed with another 123 genomes of the same species, including ovis and equi biovars, downloaded from the NCBI. The genetic determinants for the virulence factors responsible for adherence and virulence factors specialized for iron uptake and exotoxin phospholipase D were revealed in every analyzed genome. Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes were compared, revealing the presence of genetic determinants encoding exo-α-sialidase (GH33) and the CP40 protein in most of the analyzed genomes. Thirty-three Czech strains of C. pseudotuberculosis were identified as the biovar ovis on the basis of comparative genome analysis. All the compared genomes of the biovar ovis strains were highly similar regardless of their country of origin or host, reflecting their clonal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirina Markova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.L.); (V.B.); (I.K.)
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2
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Marques da Silva W, Seyffert N, Silva A, Azevedo V. A journey through the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis proteome promotes insights into its functional genome. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12456. [PMID: 35036114 PMCID: PMC8710256 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen and the etiologic agent of illnesses like caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants, mastitis in dairy cattle, ulcerative lymphangitis in equines, and oedematous skin disease in buffalos. With the growing advance in high-throughput technologies, genomic studies have been carried out to explore the molecular basis of its virulence and pathogenicity. However, data large-scale functional genomics studies are necessary to complement genomics data and better understating the molecular basis of a given organism. Here we summarize, MS-based proteomics techniques and bioinformatics tools incorporated in genomic functional studies of C. pseudotuberculosis to discover the different patterns of protein modulation under distinct environmental conditions, and antigenic and drugs targets. Methodology In this study we performed an extensive search in Web of Science of original and relevant articles related to methods, strategy, technology, approaches, and bioinformatics tools focused on the functional study of the genome of C. pseudotuberculosis at the protein level. Results Here, we highlight the use of proteomics for understating several aspects of the physiology and pathogenesis of C. pseudotuberculosis at the protein level. The implementation and use of protocols, strategies, and proteomics approach to characterize the different subcellular fractions of the proteome of this pathogen. In addition, we have discussed the immunoproteomics, immunoinformatics and genetic tools employed to identify targets for immunoassays, drugs, and vaccines against C. pseudotuberculosis infection. Conclusion In this review, we showed that the combination of proteomics and bioinformatics studies is a suitable strategy to elucidate the functional aspects of the C. pseudotuberculosis genome. Together, all information generated from these proteomics studies allowed expanding our knowledge about factors related to the pathophysiology of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Marques da Silva
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology-(INTA/CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nubia Seyffert
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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3
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Bernardes JS, Eberle RJ, Vieira FRJ, Coronado MA. A comparative pan-genomic analysis of 53 C. pseudotuberculosis strains based on functional domains. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6974-6986. [PMID: 32779519 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1805017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a pathogenic bacterium with great veterinary and economic importance. It is classified into two biovars: ovis, nitrate-negative, that causes lymphadenitis in small ruminants and equi, nitrate-positive, causing ulcerative lymphangitis in equines. With the explosive growth of available genomes of several strains, pan-genome analysis has opened new opportunities for understanding the dynamics and evolution of C. pseudotuberculosis. However, few pan-genomic studies have compared biovars equi and ovis. Such studies have considered a reduced number of strains and compared entire genomes. Here we conducted an original pan-genome analysis based on protein sequences and their functional domains. We considered 53 C. pseudotuberculosis strains from both biovars isolated from different hosts and countries. We have analysed conserved domains, common domains more frequently found in each biovar and biovar-specific (unique) domains. Our results demonstrated that biovar equi is more variable; there is a significant difference in the number of proteins per strains, probably indicating the occurrence of more gene loss/gain events. Moreover, strains of biovar equi presented a higher number of biovar-specific domains, 77 against only eight in biovar ovis, most of them are associated with virulence mechanisms. With this domain analysis, we have identified functional differences among strains of biovars ovis and equi that could be related to niche-adaptation and probably help to better understanding mechanisms of virulence and pathogenesis. The distribution patterns of functional domains identified in this work might have impacts on bacterial physiology and lifestyle, encouraging the development of new diagnoses, vaccines, and treatments for C. pseudotuberculosis diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Bernardes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationelle et Quantitative, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Raphael J Eberle
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Department of Physics, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabio R J Vieira
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris, France
| | - Mônika A Coronado
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Department of Physics, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Strucutral Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
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4
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Rifici C, Attili AR, De Biase D, Gonçalves dos Santos R, Seyffert N, De Paula Castro TL, Pereira Figueiredo HC, Scaramozzino C, Reale S, Paciello O, Cuteri V, Spier SJ, Azevedo V, Mazzullo G. Atypical Multibacterial Granulomatous Myositis in a Horse: First Report in Italy. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020047. [PMID: 32326275 PMCID: PMC7355418 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious causes of myositis are reported relatively uncommonly in horses. Among them, bacterial causes include Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Actinobacillus equuli, Fusobacterium spp. Staphylococcus spp, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Infection can be spread to muscles via haematogenous or extension from skin lesions. Parasitic myositis has also been documented. In this report, a 12 year-old Italian Quarter Horse mare presented with diffuse subcutaneous nodules and masses ranging from 2 × 3 to 5 × 20 cm in size, and adherent to subcutis and muscles that were first macroscopically and cytologically diagnosed as pyogranulomas. Subsequently, histological, molecular, bacteriological, and biochemical investigations were performed. All the data obtained allowed to diagnose a severe and diffuse multibacterial granulomatous myositis caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium amycolatum. Following the therapy and an initial disappearance of most of the lesions together with a general improvement of the mare, the clinical condition deteriorated, and new nodules appeared. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and PCR techniques revealed the presence of bacteria as Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus and Dietzia spp. To the authors’ knowledge, this case report represents the first description of multibacterial granulomatous myositis due to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Corynebacterium amycolatum, Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus, and Dietzia spp. in a horse reared in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rifici
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina (ME), Italy
| | - Anna-Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)737-404002
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roselane Gonçalves dos Santos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Núbia Seyffert
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia 40170-115, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carmelo Scaramozzino
- Scaravet Equine Breeding Center, Via Don Minzoni, 29, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Stefano Reale
- Molecular Biology Department, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute (IZS) of Sicily, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo (PA), Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
| | - Sharon Jane Spier
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Mazzullo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina (ME), Italy
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Domenis L, Spedicato R, Pepe E, Orusa R, Robetto S. Caseous Lymphadenitis Caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in Alpine Chamois ( Rupicapra r. rupicapra ): a Review of 98 Cases. J Comp Pathol 2018; 161:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Silva WM, Carvalho RDDO, Dorella FA, Folador EL, Souza GHMF, Pimenta AMC, Figueiredo HCP, Le Loir Y, Silva A, Azevedo V. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Changes in the Benchmark Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Biovar Equi Exoproteome after Passage in a Murine Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:325. [PMID: 28791255 PMCID: PMC5524672 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar equi is the etiologic agent of ulcerative lymphangitis. To investigate proteins that could be related to the virulence of this pathogen, we combined an experimental passage process using a murine model and high-throughput proteomics with a mass spectrometry, data-independent acquisition (LC-MSE) approach to identify and quantify the proteins released into the supernatants of strain 258_equi. To our knowledge, this approach allowed characterization of the exoproteome of a C. pseudotuberculosis equi strain for the first time. Interestingly, the recovery of this strain from infected mouse spleens induced a change in its virulence potential, and it became more virulent in a second infection challenge. Proteomic screening performed from culture supernatant of the control and recovered conditions revealed 104 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two conditions. In this context, proteomic analysis of the recovered condition detected the induction of proteins involved in bacterial pathogenesis, mainly related to iron uptake. In addition, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that ABC transporters, bacterial secretion systems and protein export pathways were significantly altered in the recovered condition. These findings show that secretion and secreted proteins are key elements in the virulence and adaptation of C. pseudotuberculosis. Collectively, bacterial pathogenesis-related proteins were identified that contribute to the processes of adherence, intracellular growth and evasion of the immune system. Moreover, this study enhances our understanding of the factors that may influence the pathogenesis of C. pseudotuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson M Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO)Rennes, France.,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO)Rennes, France
| | - Rodrigo D De Oliveira Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Dorella
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Edson L Folador
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H M F Souza
- Waters Corporation, Waters Technologies Brazil, MS Applications LaboratorySão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano M C Pimenta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Yves Le Loir
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO)Rennes, France.,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO)Rennes, France
| | - Artur Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do ParáBelém, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
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7
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Silva WM, Folador EL, Soares SC, Souza GHMF, Santos AV, Sousa CS, Figueiredo H, Miyoshi A, Le Loir Y, Silva A, Azevedo V. Label-free quantitative proteomics of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates reveals differences between Biovars ovis and equi strains. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:451. [PMID: 28595597 PMCID: PMC5463331 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson M Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.,INRA, UMR1253 STLO, 35042, Rennes, France.,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Edson L Folador
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Siomar C Soares
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Gustavo H M F Souza
- Waters Corporation, Waters Technologies Brazil, MS Applications Laboratory, Alphaville, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Agenor V Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Cassiana S Sousa
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Henrique Figueiredo
- Escola de Veterinária, Aquavet, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Yves Le Loir
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, 35042, Rennes, France.,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Artur Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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Baraúna RA, Ramos RTJ, Veras AAO, Pinheiro KC, Benevides LJ, Viana MVC, Guimarães LC, Edman JM, Spier SJ, Azevedo V, Silva A. Assessing the Genotypic Differences between Strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar equi through Comparative Genomics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170676. [PMID: 28125655 PMCID: PMC5268413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven genomes of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar equi were sequenced on the Ion Torrent PGM platform, generating high-quality scaffolds over 2.35 Mbp. This bacterium is the causative agent of disease known as "pigeon fever" which commonly affects horses worldwide. The pangenome of biovar equi was calculated and two phylogenomic approaches were used to identify clustering patterns within Corynebacterium genus. Furthermore, other comparative analyses were performed including the prediction of genomic islands and prophages, and SNP-based phylogeny. In the phylogenomic tree, C. pseudotuberculosis was divided into two distinct clades, one formed by nitrate non-reducing species (biovar ovis) and another formed by nitrate-reducing species (biovar equi). In the latter group, the strains isolated from California were more related to each other, while the strains CIP 52.97 and 1/06-A formed the outermost clade of the biovar equi. A total of 1,355 core genes were identified, corresponding to 42.5% of the pangenome. This pangenome has one of the smallest core genomes described in the literature, suggesting a high genetic variability of biovar equi of C. pseudotuberculosis. The analysis of the similarity between the resistance islands identified a higher proximity between the strains that caused more severe infectious conditions (infection in the internal organs). Pathogenicity islands were largely conserved between strains. Several genes that modulate the pathogenicity of C. pseudotuberculosis were described including peptidases, recombination enzymes, micoside synthesis enzymes, bacteriocins with antimicrobial activity and several others. Finally, no genotypic differences were observed between the strains that caused the three different types of infection (external abscess formation, infection with abscess formation in the internal organs, and ulcerative lymphangitis). Instead, it was noted that there is a higher phenetic correlation between strains isolated at California compared to the other strains. Additionally, high variability of resistance islands suggests gene acquisition through several events of horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A. Baraúna
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rommel T. J. Ramos
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Adonney A. O. Veras
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Kenny C. Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leandro J. Benevides
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus V. C. Viana
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luís C. Guimarães
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Judy M. Edman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sharon J. Spier
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Haas DJ, Dorneles EMS, Spier SJ, Carroll SP, Edman J, Azevedo VA, Heinemann MB, Lage AP. Molecular epidemiology of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from horses in California. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 49:186-194. [PMID: 27979735 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar Equi is an important pathogen of horses. It is increasing in frequency in the United States, and is responsible for various clinical forms of infection, including external abscesses, internal abscesses of the abdominal or thoracic cavities, and ulcerative lymphangitis. The host/pathogen factors dictating the form or severity of infection are currently unknown. Our recent investigations have shown that genotyping C. pseudotuberculosis isolates using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR is useful for understanding the evolutionary genetics of the species as well for molecular epidemiology studies. The aims of the present study were to assess (i) the genetic diversity of C. pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from horses in California, United States and (ii) the epidemiologic relationships among isolates. One hundred and seven C. pseudotuberculosis biovar Equi isolates from ninety-five horses, and two C. pseudotuberculosis biovar Ovis strains, C. pseudotuberculosis ATCC 19410T type strain and C. pseudotuberculosis 1002 vaccine strain, were fingerprinted using the ERIC 1+2-PCR. C. pseudotuberculosis isolated from horses showed a high genetic diversity, clustering in twenty-seven genotypes with a diversity index of 0.91. Minimal spanning tree showed four major clonal complexes with a pattern of temporal clustering. Strains isolated from the same horse showed identical ERIC 1+2-PCR genotype, with the exception of two strains isolated from the same animal that showed distinct genotypes, suggesting a co-infection. We found no strong genetic signals related to clinical form (including internal versus external infections). However, temporal clustering of genotypes was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionei J Haas
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elaine M S Dorneles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sharon J Spier
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Scott P Carroll
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Judy Edman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Vasco A Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey P Lage
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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10
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Oliveira A, Teixeira P, Azevedo M, Jamal SB, Tiwari S, Almeida S, Silva A, Barh D, Dorneles EMS, Haas DJ, Heinemann MB, Ghosh P, Lage AP, Figueiredo H, Ferreira RS, Azevedo V. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis may be under anagenesis and biovar Equi forms biovar Ovis: a phylogenic inference from sequence and structural analysis. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:100. [PMID: 27251711 PMCID: PMC4890528 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis can be classified into two biovars or biovars based on their nitrate-reducing ability. Strains isolated from sheep and goats show negative nitrate reduction and are termed biovar Ovis, while strains from horse and cattle exhibit positive nitrate reduction and are called biovar Equi. However, molecular evidence has not been established so far to understand this difference, specifically if these C. pseudotuberculosis strains are under an evolutionary process. RESULTS The ERIC 1 + 2 Minimum-spanning tree from 367 strains of C. pseudotuberculosis showed that the great majority of biovar Ovis strains clustered together, but separately from biovar Equi strains that also clustered amongst themselves. Using evolutionarily conserved genes (rpoB, gapA, fusA, and rsmE) and their corresponding amino acid sequences, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationship among eighteen strains of C. pseudotuberculosis belonging to both biovars Ovis and Equi. Additionally, conserved point mutation based on structural variation analysis was also carried out to elucidate the genotype-phenotype correlations and speciation. We observed that the biovars are different at the molecular phylogenetic level and a probable anagenesis is occurring slowly within the species C. pseudotuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together the results suggest that biovar Equi is forming the biovar Ovis. However, additional analyses using other genes and other bacterial strains are required to further support our anagenesis hypothesis in C. pseudotuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pammella Teixeira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcela Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Syed Babar Jamal
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sintia Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Departmento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba, Medinipur, WB-721172, India
| | - Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dionei Joaquim Haas
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrey Pereira Lage
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henrique Figueiredo
- Aquacen, National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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11
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Barba M, Stewart AJ, Passler T, Wooldridge AA, van Santen E, Chamorro MF, Cattley RC, Hathcock T, Hogsette JA, Hu XP. Experimental transmission of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar equi in horses by house flies. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:636-43. [PMID: 25818218 PMCID: PMC4895518 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The route of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in horses remains undetermined, but transmission by insects is suspected. OBJECTIVES To investigate house flies (Musca domestica L.) as vectors of C. pseudotuberculosis transmission in horses. ANIMALS Eight healthy, adult ponies. METHODS Randomized, controlled, blinded prospective study. Ten wounds were created in the pectoral region where cages for flies were attached. Three ponies were directly inoculated with C. pseudotuberculosis. Four ponies were exposed for 24 hours to 20 hours C. pseudotuberculosis-inoculated flies. One negative control pony was exposed to noninoculated flies. Ponies were examined daily for swelling, heat, pain, and drainage at the inoculation site. Blood was collected weekly for CBC and biochemical analysis, and twice weekly for synergistic hemolysis inhibition titers. RESULTS Clinical signs of local infection and positive cultures were observed in 7/7 exposed ponies and were absent in the negative control. In exposed ponies, peak serologic titers (1:512 to 1:2,048) were obtained between days 17 and 21. Seroconversion was not observed in the negative control. Neutrophil counts were higher in the positive and fly-exposed groups than in the negative control (P = .002 and P = .005) on day 3 postinoculation. Serum amyloid A concentrations were higher in the positive control than in the negative control and fly-exposed ponies on days 3 (P < .0001) and 7 (P = .0004 and P = .0001). No differences were detected for other biochemical variables. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE House flies can serve as mechanical vectors of C. pseudotuberculosis and can transmit the bacterium to ponies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barba
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
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