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Xiong L, Zhang Y, He B, Zhang K, Zhu J, Lang X. Optimum Parameters in Ultrasound Coherent Plane Wave Compounding for High LPWV Estimation: Validation on Phantom and Feasibility in 10 Subjects. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2024; 43:1469-1487. [PMID: 38700113 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the optimum and fine values of the number and transmission angles of tilted plane waves for coherent plane-wave compounding (CPWC)-based high local pulse wave velocity (LPWV) estimation. METHODS A Verasonics system incorporating a linear array probe L14-5/38 with 128 elements and a pulsatile pump, CompuFlow1000, were used to acquire radio frequency data of 3, 5, 7, and 9 tilted plane wave sequences with angle intervals from 0° to 12° with a coarse interval increment step of 1°, and the angle intervals from 0° to 2° with a fine interval increment step of 0.25° from a carotid vessel phantom with the LPWV of 13.42 ± 0.90 m/s. The mean value, standard deviation, and coefficients of variation (CV) of the estimated LPWVs were calculated to quantitatively assess the performance of different configurations for CPWC-based LPWV estimation. Ten healthy human subjects of two age groups were recruited to assess the in vivo feasibility of the optimum parameter values. RESULTS The CPWC technique with three plane waves (PRF of 12 kHz corresponding to a frame rate of 4000 Hz) with an interval of 0.75° had LPWVs of 13.52 ± 0.08 m/s with the lowest CV of 1.84% on the phantom, and 5.49 ± 1.46 m/s with the lowest CV of 12.35% on 10 subjects. CONCLUSIONS The optimum parameters determined in this study show the best repeatability of the LPWV measurements with a vessel phantom and 10 healthy subjects, which support further studies on larger datasets for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Bingbing He
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingying Zhu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xun Lang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Remex NS, Abdullah CS, Aishwarya R, Kolluru GK, Traylor J, Bhuiyan MAN, Kevil CG, Orr AW, Rom O, Pattillo CB, Bhuiyan MS. Deletion of Sigmar1 leads to increased arterial stiffness and altered mitochondrial respiration resulting in vascular dysfunction. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1386296. [PMID: 38742156 PMCID: PMC11089145 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1386296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Sigmar1 is a ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional protein known for its cardioprotective roles in cardiovascular diseases. While accumulating evidence indicate a critical role of Sigmar1 in cardiac biology, its physiological function in the vasculature remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the expression of Sigmar1 in the vascular wall and assessed its physiological function in the vascular system using global Sigmar1 knockout (Sigmar1-/-) mice. We determined the expression of Sigmar1 in the vascular tissue using immunostaining and biochemical experiments in both human and mouse blood vessels. Deletion of Sigmar1 globally in mice (Sigmar1-/-) led to blood vessel wall reorganizations characterized by nuclei disarray of vascular smooth muscle cells, altered organizations of elastic lamina, and higher collagen fibers deposition in and around the arteries compared to wildtype littermate controls (Wt). Vascular function was assessed in mice using non-invasive time-transit method of aortic stiffness measurement and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the left femoral artery. Sigmar1-/- mice showed a notable increase in arterial stiffness in the abdominal aorta and failed to increase the vessel diameter in response to reactive-hyperemia compared to Wt. This was consistent with reduced plasma and tissue nitric-oxide bioavailability (NOx) and decreased phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the aorta of Sigmar1-/- mice. Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of aorta sections showed accumulation of elongated shaped mitochondria in both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells of Sigmar1-/- mice. In accordance, decreased mitochondrial respirometry parameters were found in ex-vivo aortic rings from Sigmar1 deficient mice compared to Wt controls. These data indicate a potential role of Sigmar1 in maintaining vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naznin Sultana Remex
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Chowdhury S. Abdullah
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Richa Aishwarya
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Gopi K. Kolluru
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - James Traylor
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Mohammad Alfrad Nobel Bhuiyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Christopher G. Kevil
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - A. Wayne Orr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Christopher B. Pattillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Md. Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, United States
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Mo H, Lang X, Zhang Y, Li Z, He B. Optimally filtering and matching processing for regional upstrokes to improve ultrasound transit time-based local PWV estimation. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 224:106997. [PMID: 35809369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important index for quantifying the elasticity of artery. Local PWV estimates based on ultrasonic transit time (TT) methods, however, are affected by the reflected waves and ultrasonic noise, biasing the spatiotemporal propagation of the time fiduciary point (TFP) positioning in the distension waveforms. In this study, an optimally filtering and matching processing for regional upstrokes is proposed to improve the ultrasound TT-based local PWV estimation. METHOD (i) Smooth the pulse waves (PWs) using the Savitzky-Golay filter with one set of randomly combined parameters. (ii) An arbitrary region at the first beam upstroke of the smoothed PWs is selected as the curve template, and then matched with the upstrokes of other PWs by calculating the sum of square differences (SSD) between the template and matching regions to find its similar regions. (iii) Update the filter parameters and the template using the moth-flame optimization (MFO) feedback for computing the new SSD value. When the new SSD value is smaller than the historical one, the later will be replaced. (iv) Repeat the above steps until the MFO algorithm converges to the minimum SSD value. (v) Output the optimal filter parameters and the locations of regional curves corresponding to the minimum SSD value. Then the time delay of the PWs propagation can be detected by using the starting points of the regional curves as the TFPs. RESULTS We conducted performance comparison with the advanced TT method through both simulation and clinical experiments. The results demonstrate that the proposed work observes considerable reductions on both the normalized root mean square error ± the standard deviation (from 6.73 ± 2.27% to 1.57 ± 0.72%) and the coefficient of variation (from 13.39% to 8.87%). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support that the proposed method may facilitate the early diagnosis and prevention of local arterial stiffness .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Mo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Xun Lang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
| | - Zhiyao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650031, China
| | - Bingbing He
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
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Rahimi O, Melo AC, Westwood B, Grier RDM, Tallant EA, Gallagher PE. Angiotensin-(1-7) reduces doxorubicin-induced aortic arch dysfunction in male and female juvenile Sprague Dawley rats through pleiotropic mechanisms. Peptides 2022; 152:170784. [PMID: 35288251 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox), an effective chemotherapeutic, can cause cumulative dose-dependent cardiovascular toxicity, which may manifest as vascular dysfunction leading to long-term end-organ damage. Currently, there are no effective treatments to mitigate Dox-induced vascular damage in cancer patients, particularly pediatric patients. We showed that angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], an endogenous peptide hormone, mitigated cardiac damage in Dox-treated juvenile rats. In this study assessing aortic stiffness, juvenile male and female rats were administered a clinically equivalent dose of Dox (21-24 mg/kg) over 6 weeks, in the presence and absence of Ang-(1-7) [24 µg/kg/h]. Aortic function was measured using echocardiography. Ang-(1-7) reduced the Dox-mediated increase in pulse wave velocity, a measure of arterial stiffness (males: p < 0.05; females: p < 0.001) as compared in control animals. Dox decreased aortic lumen diameter (p < 0.0001) and increased wall thickness (p < 0.01) in males, which was attenuated by Ang-(1-7). In male but not female aortic arches, Dox increased media hypertrophy (p < 0.05) and reduced elastin content (p < 0.001), which were prevented by Ang-(1-7). Conversely, Dox increased fibrosis (p < 0.0001) in juvenile female rats, which was reduced by Ang-(1-7). Adjunct Ang-(1-7) prevented the Dox-induced increase in total cell and nuclear pERK1/2 in the aortic intima and media of male rats and nuclear pSMAD2 in the intimal and medial regions of the aortic arches of both sexes. These results demonstrate that Ang-(1-7) attenuated Dox-induced aortic dysfunction in both sexes of juvenile rats, albeit through different mechanisms, suggesting that Ang-(1-7) may serve as an effective adjuvant to ameliorate cardiovascular and long-term end-organ damage in pediatric patients produced by anthracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeed Rahimi
- Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Ana Clara Melo
- Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Brian Westwood
- Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Rui D M Grier
- Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - E Ann Tallant
- Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Patricia E Gallagher
- Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
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Abstract
The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while homeostatic functions predominate during sleep. The blood-brain barrier establishes a stable environment that is optimal for neuronal function, yet the barrier imposes a physiological problem; transcapillary filtration that forms extracellular fluid in other organs is reduced to a minimum in brain. Consequently, the brain depends on a special fluid [the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] that is flushed into brain along the unique perivascular spaces created by astrocytic vascular endfeet. We describe this pathway, coined the term glymphatic system, based on its dependency on astrocytic vascular endfeet and their adluminal expression of aquaporin-4 water channels facing toward CSF-filled perivascular spaces. Glymphatic clearance of potentially harmful metabolic or protein waste products, such as amyloid-β, is primarily active during sleep, when its physiological drivers, the cardiac cycle, respiration, and slow vasomotion, together efficiently propel CSF inflow along periarterial spaces. The brain's extracellular space contains an abundance of proteoglycans and hyaluronan, which provide a low-resistance hydraulic conduit that rapidly can expand and shrink during the sleep-wake cycle. We describe this unique fluid system of the brain, which meets the brain's requisites to maintain homeostasis similar to peripheral organs, considering the blood-brain-barrier and the paths for formation and egress of the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaag Rasmussen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Humberto Mestre
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Malhotra R, Nicholson CJ, Wang D, Bhambhani V, Paniagua S, Slocum C, Sigurslid HH, Cardenas CLL, Li R, Boerboom SL, Chen YC, Hwang SJ, Yao C, Ichinose F, Bloch DB, Lindsay ME, Lewis GD, Aragam JR, Hoffmann U, Mitchell GF, Hamburg NM, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Larson MG, Zapol WM, Cheng S, Roh JD, O’Donnell CJ, Nguyen C, Levy D, Ho JE. Matrix Gla Protein Levels Are Associated With Arterial Stiffness and Incident Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e61-e73. [PMID: 34809448 PMCID: PMC8792238 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial stiffness is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). MGP (matrix Gla protein) is implicated in vascular calcification in animal models, and circulating levels of the uncarboxylated, inactive form of MGP (ucMGP) are associated with cardiovascular disease-related and all-cause mortality in human studies. However, the role of MGP in arterial stiffness is uncertain. Approach and Results: We examined the association of ucMGP levels with vascular calcification, arterial stiffness including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and incident heart failure in community-dwelling adults from the Framingham Heart Study. To further investigate the link between MGP and arterial stiffness, we compared aortic PWV in age- and sex-matched young (4-month-old) and aged (10-month-old) wild-type and Mgp+/- mice. Among 7066 adults, we observed significant associations between higher levels of ucMGP and measures of arterial stiffness, including higher PWV and pulse pressure. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated an association between higher ucMGP levels and future increases in systolic blood pressure and incident HFpEF. Aortic PWV was increased in older, but not young, female Mgp+/- mice compared with wild-type mice, and this augmentation in PWV was associated with increased aortic elastin fiber fragmentation and collagen accumulation. CONCLUSIONS This translational study demonstrates an association between ucMGP levels and arterial stiffness and future HFpEF in a large observational study, findings that are substantiated by experimental studies showing that mice with Mgp heterozygosity develop arterial stiffness. Taken together, these complementary study designs suggest a potential role of therapeutically targeting MGP in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher J. Nicholson
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Vijeta Bhambhani
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Samantha Paniagua
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Charles Slocum
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Haakon H. Sigurslid
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christian L. Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sophie L. Boerboom
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Yin-Ching Chen
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA, and Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chen Yao
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald B. Bloch
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mark E. Lindsay
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory D. Lewis
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Udo Hoffmann
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Naomi M. Hamburg
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Ramchandran S. Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health & Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health & Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Martin G. Larson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Warren M. Zapol
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Barbara Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jason D. Roh
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Christopher Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA, and Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer E. Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Benchemoul M, Mateo T, Savery D, Gehin C, Massot B, Ferin G, Vince P, Flesch M. Pulse wave velocity measurement along the ulnar artery in the wrist region using a high frequency ultrasonic array. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:4123-4127. [PMID: 34892134 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement method performed above a small blood vessel using an ultrasonic probe is studied and reported in this paper. These experimentations are carried out using a high-frequency probe (14-22 MHz), allowing a high level of resolution compatible with the vessel dimensions, combined with an open research ultrasound scanner. High frame-rate (HFR) imaging (10 000 frames per second) is used for a precise PWV estimation. The measurements are performed in-vivo on a healthy volunteer. The probe is placed above the ulnar artery on the wrist in order to make longitudinal scans. In addition to conventional duplex ultrasound evaluation, the measurement of the PWV using this method at this location could strengthen the detection and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), in particular for arm artery diseases (AADs). Moreover, these experimentations are also carried out within the scope of a demonstration for a potential miniaturized and wearable device (i.e., a probe with fewer elements, typically less than 32, and its associated electronics). The study has shown results coherent with expected PWV and also promising complementary results such as intima-media thickness (IMT) with spatiotemporal resolution on the order of 6.2 μm and 0.1 ms.
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Ogola BO, Clark GL, Abshire CM, Harris NR, Gentry KL, Gunda SS, Kilanowski-Doroh I, Wong TJ, Visniauskas B, Lawrence DJ, Zimmerman MA, Bayer CL, Groban L, Miller KS, Lindsey SH. Sex and the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Impact Vascular Stiffness. Hypertension 2021; 78:e1-e14. [PMID: 34024124 PMCID: PMC8192475 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard O. Ogola
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gabrielle L. Clark
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Caleb M. Abshire
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Kaylee L. Gentry
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shreya S. Gunda
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Tristen J. Wong
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Dylan J. Lawrence
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Carolyn L. Bayer
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kristin S. Miller
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah H. Lindsey
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Andelovic K, Winter P, Jakob PM, Bauer WR, Herold V, Zernecke A. Evaluation of Plaque Characteristics and Inflammation Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:185. [PMID: 33673124 PMCID: PMC7917750 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries, characterized by the growth of atherosclerotic lesions (plaques). These plaques often develop at inner curvatures of arteries, branchpoints, and bifurcations, where the endothelial wall shear stress is low and oscillatory. In conjunction with other processes such as lipid deposition, biomechanical factors lead to local vascular inflammation and plaque growth. There is also evidence that low and oscillatory shear stress contribute to arterial remodeling, entailing a loss in arterial elasticity and, therefore, an increased pulse-wave velocity. Although altered shear stress profiles, elasticity and inflammation are closely intertwined and critical for plaque growth, preclinical and clinical investigations for atherosclerosis mostly focus on the investigation of one of these parameters only due to the experimental limitations. However, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been demonstrated to be a potent tool which can be used to provide insights into a large range of biological parameters in one experimental session. It enables the evaluation of the dynamic process of atherosclerotic lesion formation without the need for harmful radiation. Flow-sensitive MRI provides the assessment of hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress and pulse wave velocity which may replace invasive and radiation-based techniques for imaging of the vascular function and the characterization of early plaque development. In combination with inflammation imaging, the analyses and correlations of these parameters could not only significantly advance basic preclinical investigations of atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression, but also the diagnostic clinical evaluation for early identification of high-risk plaques, which are prone to rupture. In this review, we summarize the key applications of magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of plaque characteristics through flow sensitive and morphological measurements. The simultaneous measurements of functional and structural parameters will further preclinical research on atherosclerosis and has the potential to fundamentally improve the detection of inflammation and vulnerable plaques in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Andelovic
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Experimental Physics V, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (P.W.); (P.M.J.); (V.H.)
| | - Patrick Winter
- Experimental Physics V, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (P.W.); (P.M.J.); (V.H.)
- Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Peter Michael Jakob
- Experimental Physics V, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (P.W.); (P.M.J.); (V.H.)
| | - Wolfgang Rudolf Bauer
- Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Volker Herold
- Experimental Physics V, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (P.W.); (P.M.J.); (V.H.)
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Liu H, Tian R, Wang H, Feng S, Li H, Xiao Y, Luan X, Zhang Z, Shi N, Niu H, Zhang S. Gut microbiota from coronary artery disease patients contributes to vascular dysfunction in mice by regulating bile acid metabolism and immune activation. J Transl Med 2020; 18:382. [PMID: 33036625 PMCID: PMC7547479 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota was shown to play a crucial role in the development of vascular dysfunction, and the bacterial composition differed between healthy controls and coronary artery disease patients. The goal of this study was to investigate how the gut microbiota affects host metabolic homeostasis at the organism scale. METHODS We colonized germ-free C57BL/6 J mice with faeces from healthy control donors (Con) and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and fed both groups a high fat diet for 12 weeks. We monitored cholesterol and vascular function in the transplanted mice. We analysed bile acids profiles and gut microbiota composition. Transcriptome sequencing and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate inflammatory and immune response. RESULTS CAD mice showed increased reactive oxygen species generation and intensive arterial stiffness. Microbiota profiles in recipient mice clustered according to the microbiota structure of the human donors. Clostridium symbiosum and Eggerthella colonization from CAD patients modulated the secondary bile acids pool, leading to an increase in lithocholic acid and keto-derivatives. Subsequently, bile acids imbalance in the CAD mice inhibited hepatic bile acids synthesis and resulted in elevated circulatory cholesterol. Moreover, the faecal microbiota from the CAD patients caused a significant induction of abnormal immune responses at both the transcriptome level and through the enhanced secretion of cytokines. In addition, microbes belonging to CAD promoted intestinal inflammation by contributing to lamina propria Th17/Treg imbalance and worsened gut barrier permeability. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings elucidated that the gut microbiota impacts cholesterol homeostasis by modulating bile acids. In addition, the CAD-associated bacterial community was shown to function as an important regulator of systemic inflammation and to influence arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Siqin Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaodong Luan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Na Shi
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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11
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Xia L, Sun C, Zhu H, Zhai M, Zhang L, Jiang L, Hou P, Li J, Li K, Liu Z, Li B, Wang X, Yi W, Liang H, Jin Z, Yang J, Yi D, Liu J, Yu S, Duan W. Melatonin protects against thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection through SIRT1-dependent regulation of oxidative stress and vascular smooth muscle cell loss. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12661. [PMID: 32329099 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin functions as an endogenous protective molecule in multiple vascular diseases, whereas its effects on thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) and underlying mechanisms have not been reported. In this study, TAAD mouse model was successfully induced by β-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN). We found that melatonin treatment remarkably prevented the deterioration of TAAD, evidenced by decreased incidence, ameliorated aneurysmal dilation and vascular stiffness, improved aortic morphology, and inhibited elastin degradation, macrophage infiltration, and matrix metalloproteinase expression. Moreover, melatonin blunted oxidative stress damage and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) loss. Notably, BAPN induced a decrease in SIRT1 expression and activity of mouse aorta, whereas melatonin treatment reversed it. Further mechanistic study demonstrated that blocking SIRT1 signaling partially inhibited these beneficial effects of melatonin on TAAD. Additionally, the melatonin receptor was involved in this phenomenon. Our study is the first to report that melatonin exerts therapeutic effects against TAAD by reducing oxidative stress and VSMC loss via activation of SIRT1 signaling in a receptor-dependent manner, thus suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for TAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanzhao Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengen Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liqing Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaifeng Li
- Institute of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Buying Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongliang Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dinghua Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weixun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Kedarasetti RT, Drew PJ, Costanzo F. Arterial pulsations drive oscillatory flow of CSF but not directional pumping. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10102. [PMID: 32572120 PMCID: PMC7308311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain lacks a traditional lymphatic system for metabolite clearance. The existence of a "glymphatic system" where metabolites are removed from the brain's extracellular space by convective exchange between interstitial fluid (ISF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along the paravascular spaces (PVS) around cerebral blood vessels has been controversial. While recent work has shown clear evidence of directional flow of CSF in the PVS in anesthetized mice, the driving force for the observed fluid flow remains elusive. The heartbeat-driven peristaltic pulsation of arteries has been proposed as a probable driver of directed CSF flow. In this study, we use rigorous fluid dynamic simulations to provide a physical interpretation for peristaltic pumping of fluids. Our simulations match the experimental results and show that arterial pulsations only drive oscillatory motion of CSF in the PVS. The observed directional CSF flow can be explained by naturally occurring and/or experimenter-generated pressure differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Teja Kedarasetti
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
- Department of Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
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13
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Steinman J, Cahill LS, Stortz G, Macgowan CK, Stefanovic B, Sled JG. Non-Invasive Ultrasound Detection of Cerebrovascular Changes in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2157-2168. [PMID: 32326817 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce changes in vascular architecture. Although ultrasound metrics such as pulsatility index (PI) are sensitive to changes in hemodynamic resistance downstream from major arteries, these metrics depend on features unrelated to vessel architecture, such as blood pressure and heart rate. In contrast, input impedance and reflection coefficient that are derived from wave reflection theory seek to minimize the effects of altered cardiac output or heart rate. In this article, we investigate the use of ultrasound to assess changes in vascular impedance and wave reflection in the common carotid arteries of mice exposed to a controlled cortical impact. Focusing on the first harmonics of the reflected waves, the impedance phase was increased ipsilaterally in impacted mice compared with shams, whereas the magnitude of the impedance was unchanged. In contrast, PI was reduced bilaterally. Interestingly, PI and the first harmonic magnitude of input impedance in the carotid artery were correlated on the contralateral but not ipsilateral side. We investigated the use of these metrics to classify mice as sham or TBI, finding an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ipsilaterally of 0.792 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.648-0.936) for correct classification with first harmonic impedance magnitude and phase as predictors and 0.716 (CI: 0.553-0.879) using carotid artery PI and diameter as predictors. Overall, the findings support the use of wave reflection analysis as a more specific measure of vascular changes following TBI and motivate the translation of this approach for monitoring vascular changes in humans affected by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Steinman
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay S Cahill
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Greg Stortz
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Deng L, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zhao Z, Zhang K, Wu J. Regional Upstroke Tracking for Transit Time Detection to Improve the Ultrasound-Based Local PWV Estimation in Carotid Arteries. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:691-702. [PMID: 31714222 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2951922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the most important index for quantifying the elasticity of an artery. The accurate estimation of the local PWV is of great relevance to the early diagnosis and effective prevention of arterial stiffness. In ultrasonic transit time-based local PWV estimation, the locations of time fiduciary point (TFP) in the upstrokes of the propagating pulse waves (PWs) are inconsistent because of the reflected waves and ultrasonic noise. In this study, a regional upstroke tracking (RUT) approach that involved identifying the most similar TFP-centered region in the upstrokes is proposed to detect the time delay for improving the local PWV estimation. Five RUT algorithms with different tracking points are assessed via simulation and clinical experiments. To quantitatively evaluate the RUT algorithms, the normalized root-mean-squared errors and standard deviations of the estimated PWVs are calculated using an ultrasound simulation model. The reproducibility of the five RUT algorithms based on 30 human subjects is also evaluated using the Bland-Altman analysis and coefficient of variation (CV). The obtained results show that the RUT algorithms with only three tracking points provide greater accuracy, precision, and reproducibility for the local PWV estimation than the TFP methods. Compared with the TFP methods, the RUT algorithms reduce the mean errors from 12.23% ± 3.10% to 7.13% ± 2.31%, as well as the CVs from 21.76% to 13.39%. In conclusion, the proposed RUT algorithms are superior to the TFP methods for local carotid PWV estimation.
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15
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Tang CJ, Lee PY, Chuang YH, Huang CC. Measurement of local pulse wave velocity for carotid artery by using an ultrasound-based method. ULTRASONICS 2020; 102:106064. [PMID: 31955815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important physical index for characterizing the mechanical properties of arteries. Carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV) is a clinically-approved parameter for evaluating the cardiovascular risk and therapeutic efficacy. However, cfPWV only provides global information about vessel properties. Many recent studies have indicated that local PWV measurements provide precise evaluation of artery conditions. Here, an ultrasound (US) method based on a novel vessel displacement waveform correction, is proposed for improving the accuracy of local carotid PWV measurement. A programmable US device and a commercial array transducer were used, which allow a user to excite transducer and receive US signals arbitrarily with different beam settings. The local PWV measurement accuracy was verified using a phantom. The number of US beams used for PWV measurements was also considered, which indicates that eight elements is the acceptable setting. Subsequently, local carotid PWV and cfPWV were measured in 35 healthy human subjects (age: 21.9 ± 2.4 years) by using the US method and SphygmoCor device, respectively. The cfPWV and local carotid PWV were 6.65 ± 0.74 and 4.63 ± 0.57 m/s, respectively. A good linear correlation was observed between the two aforementioned methods (r = 0.8) for the subjects. All the results indicated that when few US beams were used, the proposed method exhibited a reliable measurement of local PWV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ju Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
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16
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Cahill LS, Pilmeyer J, Yu LX, Steinman J, Hare GMT, Kassner A, Macgowan CK, Sled JG. Ultrasound Detection of Abnormal Cerebrovascular Morphology in a Mouse Model of Sickle Cell Disease Based on Wave Reflection. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:3269-3278. [PMID: 31563480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with a high risk of stroke, and affected individuals often have focal brain lesions termed silent cerebral infarcts. The mechanisms leading to these types of injuries are at present poorly understood. Our group has recently demonstrated a non-invasive measurement of cerebrovascular impedance and wave reflection in mice using high-frequency ultrasound in the common carotid artery. To better understand the pathophysiology in SCD, we used this approach in combination with micro-computed tomography to investigate changes in cerebrovascular morphology in the Townes mouse model of SCD. Relative to controls, the SCD mice demonstrated the following: (i) increased carotid artery diameter, blood flow and vessel wall thickness; (ii) elevated pulse wave velocity; (iii) increased reflection coefficient; and (iv) an increase in the total number of vessel segments in the brain. This study highlights the potential for wave reflection to aid the non-invasive clinical assessment of vascular pathology in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S Cahill
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jesper Pilmeyer
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa X Yu
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Steinman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory M T Hare
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Kassner
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Crouch AC, Cao AA, Scheven UM, Greve JM. In Vivo MRI Assessment of Blood Flow in Arteries and Veins from Head-to-Toe Across Age and Sex in C57BL/6 Mice. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:329-341. [PMID: 31456089 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although widely used as a preclinical model for studying cardiovascular diseases, there is a scarcity of in vivo hemodynamic measurements of the naïve murine system in multiple arterial and venous locations, from head-to-toe, and across sex and age. The purpose of this study is to quantify cardiovascular hemodynamics in mice at different locations along the vascular tree while evaluating the effects of sex and age. Male and female, adult and aged mice were anesthetized and underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Data were acquired from four co-localized vessel pairs (carotid/jugular, suprarenal and infrarenal aorta/inferior vena cava (IVC), femoral artery/vein) at normothermia (core temperature 37 ± 0.2 °C). Influences of age and sex on average velocity differ by location in arteries. Average arterial velocities, when plotted as a function of distance from the heart, decrease nearly linearly from the suprarenal aorta to the femoral artery (adult and aged males: - 0.33 ± 0.13, R2 = 0.87; - 0.43 ± 0.10, R2 = 0.95; adult and aged females: - 0.23 ± 0.07, R2 = 0.91; - 0.23 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.99). Average velocity of aged males and average volumetric flow of aged males and females tended to be larger compared to adult comparators. With cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death and with the implications of cardiovascular hemodynamics as important biomarkers for health and disease, this work provides a foundation for sex and age comparisons in pathophysiology by collecting and analyzing hemodynamic data for the healthy murine arterial and venous system from head-to-toe, across sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colleen Crouch
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1049 Bonisteel Interdisciplinary Research Building, 2360 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA.
| | - Amos A Cao
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ulrich M Scheven
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1049 Bonisteel Interdisciplinary Research Building, 2360 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - Joan M Greve
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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18
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Nabeel PM, Kiran VR, Joseph J, Abhidev VV, Sivaprakasam M. Local Pulse Wave Velocity: Theory, Methods, Advancements, and Clinical Applications. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2019; 13:74-112. [PMID: 31369386 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2019.2931587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Local pulse wave velocity (PWV) is evolving as one of the important determinants of arterial hemodynamics, localized vessel stiffening associated with several pathologies, and a host of other cardiovascular events. Although PWV was introduced over a century ago, only in recent decades, due to various technological advancements, has emphasis been directed toward its measurement from a single arterial section or from piecewise segments of a target arterial section. This emerging worldwide trend in the exploration of instrumental solutions for local PWV measurement has produced several invasive and noninvasive methods. As of yet, however, a univocal opinion on the ideal measurement method has not emerged. Neither have there been extensive comparative studies on the accuracy of the available methods. Recognizing this reality, makes apparent the need to establish guideline-recommended standards for the measurement methods and reference values, without which clinical application cannot be pursued. This paper enumerates all major local PWV measurement methods while pinpointing their salient methodological considerations and emphasizing the necessity of global standardization. Further, a summary of the advancements in measuring modalities and clinical applications is provided. Additionally, a detailed discussion on the minimally explored concept of incremental local PWV is presented along with suggestions of future research questions.
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19
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Ding Y, Han Y, Lu Q, An J, Zhu H, Xie Z, Song P, Zou MH. Peroxynitrite-Mediated SIRT (Sirtuin)-1 Inactivation Contributes to Nicotine-Induced Arterial Stiffness in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1419-1431. [PMID: 31092012 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Inhibition of SIRT (sirtuin)-1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deacetylase, is linked to cigarette smoking-induced arterial stiffness, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects and mechanisms of nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, on SIRT1 activity and arterial stiffness. Approach and Results- Arterial stiffness, peroxynitrite (ONOO-) formation, SIRT1 expression and activity were monitored in mouse aortas of 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice (wild-type) or Sirt1-overexpressing ( Sirt1 Super) mice with or without nicotine for 4 weeks. In aortas of wild-type mice, nicotine reduced SIRT1 protein and activity by ≈50% without affecting its mRNA levels. In those from Sirt1 Super mice, nicotine also markedly reduced SIRT1 protein and activity to the levels that were comparable to those in wild-type mice. Nicotine infusion significantly induced collagen I, fibronectin, and arterial stiffness in wild-type but not Sirt1 Super mice. Nicotine increased the levels of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and the co-staining of SIRT1 and 3-nitrotyrosine, a footprint of ONOO- in aortas. Tempol, which ablated ONOO- by scavenging superoxide anion, reduced the effects of nicotine on SIRT1 and collagen. Mutation of zinc-binding cysteine 395 or 398 in SIRT1 into serine (C395S) or (C398S) abolished SIRT1 activity. Furthermore, ONOO- dose-dependently inhibited the enzyme and increased zinc release in recombinant SIRT1. Finally, we found SIRT1 inactivation by ONOO- activated the YAP (Yes-associated protein) resulting in abnormal ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling. Conclusions- Nicotine induces ONOO-, which selectively inhibits SIRT1 resulting in a YAP-mediated ECM remodeling. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ding
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Yi Han
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Qiulun Lu
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Junqing An
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Huaiping Zhu
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Ping Song
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
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20
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Deng L, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Zhang K, Hu X, Gao L, Liang H, Zhang J. Ultrasound simulation model incorporating incident and reflected wave propagations along a common carotid artery. Comput Biol Med 2018; 104:267-277. [PMID: 30551000 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasound simulation model incorporating incident and reflected wave propagations is proposed to provide a realistic data source for validation of transit time (TT)-based local pulse wave velocity (PWV) estimation algorithms. First, the incident wave (IW) and reflected wave (RW) at a certain position over a common carotid artery (CCA) are estimated. Then, the propagating pulse waves (PWs) along the CCA are modelled with the synthesizations of the estimated IWs and RWs, whose occurrences are delayed in opposite sequences according to a preset PWV. In ultrasound simulation, a geometric model of a CCA is built, and the dynamic scatterer models are constructed by moving the scatterer positions according to the synthesized PWs. The RF signals are generated using Field II. To characterize the PW propagations of different arterial stiffnesses consistent with clinical ones in the model, 30 healthy subjects from young, middle-aged, and elderly groups are recruited for extractions of IWs and RWs. To quantitatively verify the effectiveness of the simulation model, the normalized root-mean-squared errors (NRMSEs) are used to compare the estimated and preset PWs, time delays (TDs), and PWVs. Results show that for the three age groups, the estimated PWs, TDs, and PWVs conform to the preset ones with the mean NRMSEs of 0.92%, 18.47%, and 8.55%, respectively. Moreover, the model can characterize the effect of the wave reflection on the local PW propagation as its clinical manifestation. Therefore, the proposed model can be effective as a data source for the validation of TT-based local PWV estimation algorithms, particularly the effects of RWs on the estimation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Deng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
| | - Zhengpeng Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650031, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Lian Gao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
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21
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Arnaud C, Bouyon S, Recoquillon S, Brasseur S, Lemarié E, Briançon-Marjollet A, Gonthier B, Toral M, Faury G, Martinez MC, Andriantsitohaina R, Pepin JL. Nonmuscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase: A Key Player in Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Vascular Alterations. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007893. [PMID: 29371201 PMCID: PMC5850262 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by repetitive pharyngeal collapses during sleep, leading to intermittent hypoxia (IH), the main contributor of obstructive sleep apnea–related cardiovascular morbidity. In patients and rodents with obstructive sleep apnea exposed to IH, vascular inflammation and remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and circulating inflammatory markers are linked with IH severity. The nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) isoform contributes to vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in different cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Thus, in the present study, we hypothesized that nmMLCK plays a key role in the IH‐induced vascular dysfunctions and inflammatory remodeling. Methods and Results Twelve‐week‐old nmMLCK+/+ or nmMLCK−/− mice were exposed to 14‐day IH or normoxia. IH was associated with functional alterations characterized by an elevation of arterial blood pressure and stiffness and perturbations of NO signaling. IH caused endothelial barrier dysfunction (ie, reduced transendothelial resistance in vitro) and induced vascular oxidative stress associated with an inflammatory remodeling, characterized by an increased intima‐media thickness and an increased expression and activity of inflammatory markers, such as interferon‐γ and nuclear factor‐κB, in the vascular wall. Interestingly, nmMLCK deletion prevented all IH‐induced functional and structural alterations, including the restoration of NO signaling, correction of endothelial barrier integrity, and reduction of both oxidative stress and associated inflammatory response. Conclusions nmMLCK is a key mechanism in IH‐induced vascular oxidative stress and inflammation and both functional and structural remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Arnaud
- Laboratoire HP2, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France .,Laboratoire HP2, INSERM U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Bouyon
- Laboratoire HP2, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire HP2, INSERM U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Recoquillon
- Université d'Angers Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,INSERM UMR1063, Angers, France
| | - Sandrine Brasseur
- Laboratoire HP2, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire HP2, INSERM U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - Emeline Lemarié
- Laboratoire HP2, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire HP2, INSERM U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Briançon-Marjollet
- Laboratoire HP2, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire HP2, INSERM U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - Brigitte Gonthier
- Laboratoire HP2, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire HP2, INSERM U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - Marta Toral
- Université d'Angers Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,INSERM UMR1063, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Faury
- Laboratoire HP2, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire HP2, INSERM U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - M Carmen Martinez
- Université d'Angers Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,INSERM UMR1063, Angers, France
| | | | - Jean-Louis Pepin
- Laboratoire HP2, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire HP2, INSERM U1042, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Cardiovasculaire et Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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22
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Sun YY, Lee J, Huang H, Wagner MB, Joiner CH, Archer DR, Kuan CY. Sickle Mice Are Sensitive to Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Stroke but Respond to Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Treatment. Stroke 2017; 48:3347-3355. [PMID: 29127268 PMCID: PMC5726594 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.018334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of lytic stroke therapy in patients with sickle cell anemia are unknown, although a recent study suggested that coexistent sickle cell anemia does not increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. This finding calls for systemic analysis of the effects of thrombolytic stroke therapy, first in humanized sickle mice, and then in patients. There is also a need for additional predictive markers of sickle cell anemia-associated vasculopathy. METHODS We used Doppler ultrasound to examine the carotid artery of Townes sickle mice tested their responses to repetitive mild hypoxia-ischemia- and transient hypoxia-ischemia-induced stroke at 3 or 6 months of age, respectively. We also examined the effects of tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) treatment in transient hypoxia-ischemia-injured sickle mice. RESULTS Three-month-old sickle cell (SS) mice showed elevated resistive index in the carotid artery and higher sensitivity to repetitive mild hypoxia-ischemia-induced cerebral infarct. Six-month-old SS mice showed greater resistive index and increased flow velocity without obstructive vasculopathy in the carotid artery. Instead, the cerebral vascular wall in SS mice showed ectopic expression of PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) and P-selectin, suggesting a proadhesive and prothrombotic propensity. Indeed, SS mice showed enhanced leukocyte and platelet adherence to the cerebral vascular wall, broader fibrin deposition, and higher mortality after transient hypoxia-ischemia. Yet, post-transient hypoxia-ischemia treatment with tPA reduced thrombosis and mortality in SS mice. CONCLUSIONS Sickle mice are sensitive to hypoxia/ischemia-induced cerebral infarct but benefit from thrombolytic treatment. An increased resistive index in carotid arteries may be an early marker of sickle cell vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yo Sun
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K., C.H.J., D.R.A., M.B.W.); Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K.); Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA (C.H.J., D.R.A.); Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.); and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.)
| | - Jolly Lee
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K., C.H.J., D.R.A., M.B.W.); Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K.); Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA (C.H.J., D.R.A.); Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.); and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.)
| | - Henry Huang
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K., C.H.J., D.R.A., M.B.W.); Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K.); Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA (C.H.J., D.R.A.); Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.); and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.)
| | - Mary B Wagner
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K., C.H.J., D.R.A., M.B.W.); Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K.); Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA (C.H.J., D.R.A.); Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.); and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.)
| | - Clinton H Joiner
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K., C.H.J., D.R.A., M.B.W.); Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K.); Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA (C.H.J., D.R.A.); Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.); and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.)
| | - David R Archer
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K., C.H.J., D.R.A., M.B.W.); Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K.); Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA (C.H.J., D.R.A.); Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.); and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.)
| | - Chia-Yi Kuan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K., C.H.J., D.R.A., M.B.W.); Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Y.-Y.S., J.L., H.H., C.-Y.K.); Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, GA (C.H.J., D.R.A.); Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.); and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.B.W.).
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23
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Sustained Placental Growth Factor-2 Treatment Does Not Aggravate Advanced Atherosclerosis in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:348-358. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Rahman A, Zhou YQ, Yee Y, Dazai J, Cahill LS, Kingdom J, Macgowan CK, Sled JG. Ultrasound detection of altered placental vascular morphology based on hemodynamic pulse wave reflection. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H1021-H1029. [PMID: 28364018 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00791.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormally pulsatile umbilical artery (UA) Doppler ultrasound velocity waveforms are a hallmark of severe or early onset placental-mediated intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), whereas milder late onset IUGR pregnancies typically have normal UA pulsatility. The diagnostic utility of these waveforms to detect placental pathology is thus limited and hampered by factors outside of the placental circulation, including fetal cardiac output. In view of these limitations, we hypothesized that these Doppler waveforms could be more clearly understood as a reflection phenomenon and that a reflected pulse pressure wave is present in the UA that originates from the placenta and propagates backward along the UA. To investigate this, we developed a new ultrasound approach to isolate that portion of the UA Doppler waveform that arises from a pulse pressure wave propagating backward along the UA. Ultrasound measurements of UA lumen diameter and flow waveforms were used to decompose the observed flow waveform into its forward and reflected components. Evaluation of CD1 and C57BL/6 mice at embryonic day (E)15.5 and E17.5 demonstrated that the reflected waveforms diverged between the strains at E17.5, mirroring known changes in the fractal geometry of fetoplacental arteries at these ages. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of noninvasively measuring wave reflections that originate from the fetoplacental circulation. The observed reflections were consistent with theoretical predictions based on the area ratio of parent to daughters at bifurcations in fetoplacental arteries suggesting that this approach could be used in the diagnosis of fetoplacental vascular pathology that is prevalent in human IUGR. Given that the proposed measurements represent a subset of those currently used in human fetal surveillance, the adaptation of this technology could extend the diagnostic utility of Doppler ultrasound in the detection of placental vascular pathologies that cause IUGR.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we describe a novel approach to noninvasively detect microvascular changes in the fetoplacental circulation using ultrasound. The technique is based on detecting reflection pulse pressure waves that travel along the umbilical artery. Using a proof-of-principle study, we demonstrate the feasibility of the technique in two strains of experimental mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Rahman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Qing Zhou
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yohan Yee
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Dazai
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay S Cahill
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Di Lascio N, Kusmic C, Stea F, Faita F. Ultrasound-based Pulse Wave Velocity Evaluation in Mice. J Vis Exp 2017:54362. [PMID: 28287528 PMCID: PMC5407600 DOI: 10.3791/54362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness can be evaluated by calculating pulse wave velocity (PWV), i.e., the speed with which the pulse wave travels in a conduit vessel. This parameter is being increasingly investigated in small rodent models in which it is used for assessing alterations in vascular function related to particular genotypes/treatments or for characterizing cardiovascular disease progression. This protocol describes an image processing algorithm which leads to non-invasive arterial PWV measurement in mice using ultrasound (US) images only. The proposed technique has been used to assess abdominal aorta PWV in mice and evaluate its age-associated changes. Abdominal aorta US scans are obtained from mice under gaseous anesthesia using a specific US device equipped with high-frequency US probes. B-mode and Pulse-Wave Doppler (PW-Doppler) images are analyzed in order to obtain diameter and mean velocity instantaneous values, respectively. For this purpose, edge detection and contour tracking techniques are employed. The single-beat mean diameter and velocity waveforms are time aligned and combined in order to achieve the diameter-velocity (lnD-V) loop. PWV values are obtained from the slope of the linear part of the loop, which corresponds to the early systolic phase. With the present approach, anatomical and functional information about the mouse abdominal aorta can be non-invasively achieved. Requiring the processing of US images only, it may represent a useful tool for the non-invasive characterization of different arterial sites in the mouse in terms of elastic properties. The application of the present technique can be easily extended to other vascular districts, such as the carotid artery, thus providing the possibility to obtain a multi-site arterial stiffness assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Di Lascio
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council;
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council
| | - Francesco Stea
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa
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26
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Lee L, Cui JZ, Cua M, Esfandiarei M, Sheng X, Chui WA, Xu MH, Sarunic MV, Beg MF, van Breemen C, Sandor GGS, Tibbits GF. Aortic and Cardiac Structure and Function Using High-Resolution Echocardiography and Optical Coherence Tomography in a Mouse Model of Marfan Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164778. [PMID: 27824871 PMCID: PMC5100915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder of connective tissue caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene. Mortality is often due to aortic dissection and rupture. We investigated the structural and functional properties of the heart and aorta in a [Fbn1C1039G/+] MFS mouse using high-resolution ultrasound (echo) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Echo was performed on 6- and 12-month old wild type (WT) and MFS mice (n = 8). In vivo pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic root diameter, ejection fraction, stroke volume, left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, LV mass and mitral valve early and atrial velocities (E/A) ratio were measured by high resolution echocardiography. OCT was performed on 12-month old WT and MFS fixed mouse hearts to measure ventricular volume and mass. The PWV was significantly increased in 6-mo MFS vs. WT (366.6 ± 19.9 vs. 205.2 ± 18.1 cm/s; p = 0.003) and 12-mo MFS vs. WT (459.5 ± 42.3 vs. 205.3 ± 30.3 cm/s; p< 0.0001). PWV increased with age in MFS mice only. We also found a significantly enlarged aortic root and decreased E/A ratio in MFS mice compared with WT for both age groups. The [Fbn1C1039G/+] mouse model of MFS replicates many of the anomalies of Marfan patients including significant aortic dilation, central aortic stiffness, LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. This is the first demonstration of the direct measurement in vivo of pulse wave velocity non-invasively in the aortic arch of MFS mice, a robust measure of aortic stiffness and a critical clinical parameter for the assessment of pathology in the Marfan syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lee
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jason Z. Cui
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle Cua
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Mitra Esfandiarei
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaoye Sheng
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Winsey Audrey Chui
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Haoying Xu
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marinko V. Sarunic
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Mirza Faisal Beg
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Cornelius van Breemen
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - George G. S. Sandor
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Glen F. Tibbits
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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27
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Chen HZ, Wang F, Gao P, Pei JF, Liu Y, Xu TT, Tang X, Fu WY, Lu J, Yan YF, Wang XM, Han L, Zhang ZQ, Zhang R, Zou MH, Liu DP. Age-Associated Sirtuin 1 Reduction in Vascular Smooth Muscle Links Vascular Senescence and Inflammation to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Circ Res 2016; 119:1076-1088. [PMID: 27650558 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Uncontrolled growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is a life-threatening vascular disease without an effective pharmaceutical treatment. AAA incidence dramatically increases with advancing age in men. However, the molecular mechanisms by which aging predisposes individuals to AAAs remain unknown. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the role of SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1), a class III histone deacetylase, in AAA formation and the underlying mechanisms linking vascular senescence and inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression and activity of SIRT1 were significantly decreased in human AAA samples. SIRT1 in vascular smooth muscle cells was remarkably downregulated in the suprarenal aortas of aged mice, in which AAAs induced by angiotensin II infusion were significantly elevated. Moreover, vascular smooth muscle cell-specific knockout of SIRT1 accelerated angiotensin II-induced formation and rupture of AAAs and AAA-related pathological changes, whereas vascular smooth muscle cell-specific overexpression of SIRT1 suppressed angiotensin II-induced AAA formation and progression in Apoe-/- mice. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on AAA formation was also proved in a calcium chloride (CaCl2)-induced AAA model. Mechanistically, the reduction of SIRT1 was shown to increase vascular cell senescence and upregulate p21 expression, as well as enhance vascular inflammation. Notably, inhibition of p21-dependent vascular cell senescence by SIRT1 blocked angiotensin II-induced nuclear factor-κB binding on the promoter of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and inhibited its expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that SIRT1 reduction links vascular senescence and inflammation to AAAs and that SIRT1 in vascular smooth muscle cells provides a therapeutic target for the prevention of AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Zao Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Fang Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Peng Gao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Jian-Fei Pei
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Yue Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Wen-Yan Fu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Jie Lu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Yun-Fei Yan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Man Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Lei Han
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Zhu-Qin Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Ran Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.).
| | - De-Pei Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (H.-Z.C., F.W., P.G., J.-F.P., Y.L., T.-T.X., X.T., W.-Y.F., J.L., Y.-F.Y., X.-M.W., L.H., Z.-Q.Z., R.Z., D.-P.L.); and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.-H.Z.).
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Swillens A, Shcherbakova D, Trachet B, Segers P. Pitfalls of Doppler Measurements for Arterial Blood Flow Quantification in Small Animal Research: A Study Based on Virtual Ultrasound Imaging. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:1399-1411. [PMID: 27004960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution Doppler is a popular tool for evaluating cardiovascular physiology in mutant mice, though its 1-D nature and spectral broadening processes complicate interpretation of the measurement. Hence, it is crucial for pre-clinical researchers to know how error sources in Doppler assessments reveal themselves in the murine arterial system. Therefore, we performed virtual Doppler experiments in a computer model of an aneurysmatic murine aorta with full control of the imaging and insonified fluid dynamics. We observed significant variability in Doppler performance and derived vascular indices depending on the interrogated flow, operator settings and signal processing. In particular, we found that (i) Doppler spectra in the upper aortic branches and celiac artery exhibited more broadening because of complex out-of-beam flow paths; (ii) mean frequency tracking outperforms tracking of the outer envelope, but is sensitive to errors in angle correction; and (iii) imaging depths deviating much from the elevation focus suffer from decreased spectral quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Swillens
- IbiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Darya Shcherbakova
- IbiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Trachet
- IbiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Segers
- IbiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Li F, He Q, Huang C, Liu K, Shao J, Luo J. High frame rate and high line density ultrasound imaging for local pulse wave velocity estimation using motion matching: A feasibility study on vessel phantoms. ULTRASONICS 2016; 67:41-54. [PMID: 26773791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulse wave imaging (PWI) is an ultrasound-based method to visualize the propagation of pulse wave and to quantitatively estimate regional pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the arteries within the imaging field of view (FOV). To guarantee the reliability of PWV measurement, high frame rate imaging is required, which can be achieved by reducing the line density of ultrasound imaging or transmitting plane wave at the expense of spatial resolution and/or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this study, a composite, full-view imaging method using motion matching was proposed with both high temporal and spatial resolution. Ultrasound radiofrequency (RF) data of 4 sub-sectors, each with 34 beams, including a common beam, were acquired successively to achieve a frame rate of ∼507 Hz at an imaging depth of 35 mm. The acceleration profiles of the vessel wall estimated from the common beam were used to reconstruct the full-view (38-mm width, 128-beam) image sequence. The feasibility of mapping local PWV variation along the artery using PWI technique was preliminarily validated on both homogeneous and inhomogeneous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel vessel phantoms. Regional PWVs for the three homogeneous phantoms measured by the proposed method were in accordance with the sparse imaging method (38-mm width, 32-beam) and plane wave imaging method. Local PWV was estimated using the above-mentioned three methods on 3 inhomogeneous phantoms, and good agreement was obtained in both the softer (1.91±0.24 m/s, 1.97±0.27 m/s and 1.78±0.28 m/s) and the stiffer region (4.17±0.46 m/s, 3.99±0.53 m/s and 4.27±0.49 m/s) of the phantoms. In addition to the improved spatial resolution, higher precision of local PWV estimation in low SNR circumstances was also obtained by the proposed method as compared with the sparse imaging method. The proposed method might be helpful in disease detections through mapping the local PWV of the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiong He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chengwu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Division of Electronics and Information Technology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jinhua Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianwen Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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30
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Kohn JC, Chen A, Cheng S, Kowal DR, King MR, Reinhart-King CA. Mechanical heterogeneities in the subendothelial matrix develop with age and decrease with exercise. J Biomech 2016; 49:1447-1453. [PMID: 27020750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffening occurs with age and is associated with lack of exercise. Notably both age and lack of exercise are major cardiovascular risk factors. While it is well established that bulk arterial stiffness increases with age, more recent data suggest that the intima, the innermost arterial layer, also stiffens during aging. Micro-scale mechanical characterization of individual layers is important because cells primarily sense the matrix that they are in contact with and not necessarily the bulk stiffness of the vessel wall. To investigate the relationship between age, exercise, and subendothelial matrix stiffening, atomic force microscopy was utilized here to indent the subendothelial matrix of the thoracic aorta from young, aged-sedentary, and aged-exercised mice, and elastic modulus values were compared to conventional pulse wave velocity measurements. The subendothelial matrix elastic modulus was elevated in aged-sedentary mice compared to young or aged-exercised mice, and the macro-scale stiffness of the artery was found to linearly correlate with the subendothelial matrix elastic modulus. Notably, we also found that with age, there exists an increase in the point-to-point variations in modulus across the subendothelial matrix, indicating non-uniform stiffening. Importantly, this heterogeneity is reversible with exercise. Given that vessel stiffening is known to cause aberrant endothelial cell behavior, and the spatial heterogeneities we find exist on a length scale much smaller than the size of a cell, these data suggest that further investigation in the heterogeneity of the subendothelial matrix elastic modulus is necessary to fully understand the effects of physiological matrix stiffening on cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Kohn
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Adeline Chen
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Stephanie Cheng
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Daniel R Kowal
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Michael R King
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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Decano JL, Pasion KA, Black N, Giordano NJ, Herrera VL, Ruiz-Opazo N. Sex-specific genetic determinants for arterial stiffness in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. BMC Genet 2016; 17:19. [PMID: 26754450 PMCID: PMC4709875 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients including myocardial infarction, fatal stroke, cerebral micro-bleeds which predicts cerebral hemorrhage in hypertensive patients, as well as progression to hypertension in non-hypertensive subjects. The association between arterial stiffness and various cardiovascular outcomes (coronary heart disease, stroke) remains after adjusting for age, sex, blood pressure, body mass index and other known predictors of cardiovascular disease, suggesting that arterial stiffness, measured via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, has a better predictive value than each of these factors. Recent evidence shows that arterial stiffening precedes the onset of high blood pressure; however their molecular genetic relationship (s) and sex-specific determinants remain uncertain. We investigated whether distinct or shared genetic determinants might underlie susceptibility to arterial stiffening in male and female Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Thus, we performed a genome-wide scan for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting arterial stiffness in six-week old F2 (Dahl S x R)-intercross male and female rats characterized for abdominal aortic pulse wave velocity and aortic strain by high-resolution ultrasonography. Results We detected five highly significant QTLs affecting aortic stiffness: two interacting QTLs (AS-m1 on chromosome 4 and AS-m2 on chromosome16, LOD 8.8) in males and two distinct interacting QTLs (AS-f1 on chromosome 9 and AS-f2 on chromosome11, LOD 8.9) in females affecting pulse wave velocity. One QTL (AS-1 on chromosome 3, LOD 4.3) was found to influence aortic strain in a sex-independent manner. None of these arterial stiffness QTLs co-localized with previously reported blood pressure QTLs detected in equivalent genetic intercrosses. Conclusions These data reveal sex-specific genetic determinants for aortic pulse wave velocity and suggest distinct polygenic susceptibility for arterial stiffness and salt-sensitive hypertension in Dahl rats based upon reported blood pressure QTLs in equivalent (Dahl S x R)-intercrosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius L Decano
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-609, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Khristine A Pasion
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-609, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Nicole Black
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-609, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-609, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Victoria L Herrera
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-609, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-609, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Apostolakis IZ, Nandlall SD, Konofagou EE. Piecewise Pulse Wave Imaging (pPWI) for Detection and Monitoring of Focal Vascular Disease in Murine Aortas and Carotids In Vivo. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2016; 35:13-28. [PMID: 26168432 PMCID: PMC4703464 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2015.2453194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs) are two common vascular diseases associated with mechanical changes in the arterial wall. Pulse Wave Imaging (PWI), a technique developed by our group to assess and quantify the mechanical properties of the aortic wall in vivo, may provide valuable diagnostic information. This work implements piecewise PWI (pPWI), an enhanced version of PWI designed for focal vascular diseases. Localized, sub-regional PWVs and PWI moduli ( EPWI ) were estimated within 2-4 mm wall segments of murine normal, atherosclerotic and aneurysmal arteries. Overall, stiffness was found to increase in the atherosclerotic cases. The mean sub-regional PWV was found to be 2.57±0.18 m/s for the normal aortas (n = 7) with a corresponding mean EPWI of 43.82±5.86 kPa. A significant increase ( (p ≤ 0.001)) in the group means of the sub-regional PWVs was found between the normal aortas and the aortas of mice on high-fat diet for 20 ( 3.30±0.36 m/s) and 30 weeks ( 3.56±0.29 m/s). The mean of the sub-regional PWVs ( 1.57±0.78 m/s) and EPWI values ( 19.23±15.47 kPa) decreased significantly in the aneurysmal aortas (p ≤ 0.05) . Furthermore, the mean coefficient of determination (r(2)) of the normal aortas was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than those of the aneurysmal and atherosclerotic cases. These findings demonstrated that pPWI may be able to provide useful biomarkers for monitoring focal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sacha D. Nandlall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Elisa E. Konofagou
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA ()
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Simova I, Katova T, Santoro C, Galderisi M. Comparison between Regional and Local Pulse-Wave Velocity Data. Echocardiography 2015; 33:77-81. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iana Simova
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostics; National Cardiology Hospital; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Tzvetana Katova
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostics; National Cardiology Hospital; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Ciro Santoro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences; Federico University Hospital; Naples Italy
| | - Maurizio Galderisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences; Federico University Hospital; Naples Italy
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Trachet B, Fraga-Silva RA, Londono FJ, Swillens A, Stergiopulos N, Segers P. Performance comparison of ultrasound-based methods to assess aortic diameter and stiffness in normal and aneurysmal mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129007. [PMID: 26023786 PMCID: PMC4449181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several ultrasound-based methods are currently used to assess aortic diameter, circumferential strain and stiffness in mice, but none of them is flawless and a gold standard is lacking. We aimed to assess the validity and sensitivity of these methods in control animals and animals developing dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm. METHODS AND RESULTS We first compared systolic and diastolic diameters as well as local circumferential strains obtained in 47 Angiotensin II-infused ApoE(-/-) mice with three different techniques (BMode, short axis MMode, long axis MMode), at two different abdominal aortic locations (supraceliac and paravisceral), and at three different time points of abdominal aneurysm formation (baseline, 14 days and 28 days). We found that short axis BMode was preferred to assess diameters, but should be avoided for strains. Short axis MMode gave good results for diameters but high standard deviations for strains. Long axis MMode should be avoided for diameters, and was comparable to short axis MMode for strains. We then compared pulse wave velocity measurements using global, ultrasound-based transit time or regional, pressure-based transit time in 10 control and 20 angiotensin II-infused, anti-TGF-Beta injected C57BL/6 mice. Both transit-time methods poorly correlated and were not able to detect a significant difference in PWV between controls and aneurysms. However, a combination of invasive pressure and MMode diameter, based on radio-frequency data, detected a highly significant difference in local aortic stiffness between controls and aneurysms, with low standard deviation. CONCLUSIONS In small animal ultrasound the short axis view is preferred over the long axis view to measure aortic diameters, local methods are preferred over transit-time methods to measure aortic stiffness, invasive pressure-diameter data are preferred over non-invasive strains to measure local aortic stiffness, and the use of radiofrequency data improves the accuracy of diameter, strain as well as stiffness measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Trachet
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University-IMinds Medical IT, Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo A. Fraga-Silva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Abigaïl Swillens
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University-IMinds Medical IT, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos Stergiopulos
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Segers
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University-IMinds Medical IT, Ghent, Belgium
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Wang Z, Yang Y, Yuan LJ, Liu J, Duan YY, Cao TS. Noninvasive method for measuring local pulse wave velocity by dual pulse wave Doppler: in vitro and in vivo studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120482. [PMID: 25786124 PMCID: PMC4364771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the validity and reproducibility of a noninvasive dual pulse wave Doppler (DPWD) method, which involves simultaneous recording of flow velocity of two independent sample volumes with a measurable distance, for measuring the local arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) through in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods The DPWD mode of Hitachi HI Vision Preirus ultrasound system with a 5–13MHz transducer was used. An in vitro model was designed to compare the PWV of a homogeneous rubber tubing with the local PWV of its middle part measured by DPWD method. In the in vivo study, local PWV of 45 hypertensive patients (25 male, 49.8±3.1 years) and 45 matched healthy subjects (25 male, 49.3±3.0 years) were investigated at the left common carotid artery (LCCA) by DPWD method. Results In the in vitro study, the local PWV measured by DPWP method and the PWV of the homogeneous rubber tubing did not show statistical difference (5.16 ± 0.28 m/s vs 5.03 ± 0.15 m/s, p = 0.075). The coefficient of variation (CV) of the intra- and inter- measurements for local PWV were 3.46% and 4.96%, for the PWV of the homogeneous rubber tubing were 0.99% and 1.98%. In the in vivo study, a significantly higher local PWV of LCCA was found in the hypertensive patients as compared to that in healthy subjects (6.29±1.04m/s vs. 5.31±0.72m/s, P = 0.019). The CV of the intra- and inter- measurements in hypertensive patients were 2.22% and 3.94%, in healthy subjects were 2.07% and 4.14%. Conclusions This study demonstrated the feasibility of the noninvasive DPWD method to determine the local PWV, which was accurate and reproducible not only in vitro but also in vivo studies. This noninvasive echocardiographic method may be illuminating to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-jun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (LY); (TC)
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yun-you Duan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tie-sheng Cao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (LY); (TC)
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Evaluation of cerebrovascular impedance and wave reflection in mouse by ultrasound. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:521-6. [PMID: 25515209 PMCID: PMC4348395 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and surgical mouse models are commonly used to study cerebrovascular disease, but their size makes invasive hemodynamic testing technically challenging. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a noninvasive measurement of cerebrovascular impedance and wave reflection in mice using high-frequency ultrasound in the left common carotid artery (LCCA), and to examine whether microvascular changes associated with hypercapnia could be detected with such an approach. Ten mice (C57BL/6J) were studied using a high-frequency ultrasound system (40 MHz). Lumen area and blood flow waveforms were obtained from the LCCA and used to calculate pulse-wave velocity, input impedance, and reflection amplitude and transit time under both normocapnic and hypercapnic (5% CO2) ventilation. With hypercapnia, vascular resistance was observed to decrease by 87%±12%. Although the modulus of input impedance was unchanged with hypercapnia, a phase decrease indicative of increased total arterial compliance was observed at low harmonics together with an increased reflection coefficient in both the time (0.57±0.08 versus 0.68±0.08, P=0.04) and frequency domains (0.62±0.08 versus 0.73±0.06, P=0.02). Interestingly, the majority of LCCA blood flow was found to pass into the internal carotid artery (range=76% to 90%, N=3), suggesting that hemodynamic measurements in this vessel are a good metric for intracerebral reactivity in mouse.
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Cuomo F, Ferruzzi J, Humphrey JD, Figueroa CA. An Experimental-Computational Study of Catheter Induced Alterations in Pulse Wave Velocity in Anesthetized Mice. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:1555-70. [PMID: 25698526 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Computational methods for solving problems of fluid dynamics and fluid-solid-interactions have advanced to the point that they enable reliable estimates of many hemodynamic quantities, including those important for studying vascular mechanobiology or designing medical devices. In this paper, we use a customized version of the open source code SimVascular to develop a computational model of central artery hemodynamics in anesthetized mice that is informed with experimental data on regional geometries, blood flows and pressures, and biaxial wall properties. After validating a baseline model against available data, we then use the model to investigate the effects of commercially available catheters on the very parameters that they are designed to measure, namely, murine blood pressure and (pressure) pulse wave velocity (PWV). We found that a combination of two small profile catheters designed to measure pressure simultaneously in the ascending aorta and femoral artery increased the PWV due to an overall increase in pressure within the arterial system. Conversely, a larger profile dual-sensor pressure catheter inserted through a carotid artery into the descending thoracic aorta decreased the PWV due to an overall decrease in pressure. In both cases, similar reductions in cardiac output were observed due to increased peripheral vascular resistance. As might be expected, therefore, invasive transducers can alter the very quantities that are designed to measure, yet advanced computational models offer a unique method to evaluate or augment such measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cuomo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
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Huang C, Ren TL, Luo J. Effects of parameters on the accuracy and precision of ultrasound-based local pulse wave velocity measurement: a simulation study. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2014; 61:2001-2018. [PMID: 25474776 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2014.006597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of arterial stiffness, such as pulse wave velocity (PWV), is increasingly used in the risk assessment of cardiovascular disease. Pulse wave imaging (PWI) is an emerging ultrasound-based technique to noninvasively measure the local PWV instead of the global PWV, as in conventional methods. In PWI, several key parameters, including the frame rate of ultrasound imaging, motion estimation rate (MER), number of scan lines, image width, PWV value, and sonographic signal-to-noise ratio (SNRs), play an important but still unclear role in the accuracy and precision of PWV measurement. In this study, computer simulations were performed to investigate the fundamental effects of these parameters on the PWV measurement. The pulse waveform was estimated by speckle tracking on ultrasound RF signals acquired at a frame rate of 2083 Hz from a location on the common carotid artery of a healthy subject. By applying different time delays on the estimated waveform based on specific PWI parameters, the pulse waveforms at others locations were simulated. Ultrasound RF signals of the artery during the pulse wave propagation were generated from a 2-D convolutional image formation model. The PWI technique was applied to estimate the PWV at different values of frame rate, MER, number of scan lines, image width, PWV, and SNRs. The performance of the PWV estimation was evaluated by measuring the relative error, coefficient of variation (CV) and coefficient of determination (R(2)). The results showed that PWVs could be correctly measured when the frame rate was higher than a certain value (i.e., minimum frame rate), below which the estimated error increased rapidly. The minimum frame rate required for PWV estimation was found to increase with the value of PWV. An optimal MER was found (i.e., about 200 Hz) and allowed better performance of PWV measurement. The CV of PWV estimation decreased and R(2) increased with number of scan lines and image width, indicating that the performance of the PWV estimation could be improved with a larger number of scan lines and image width. For a given sufficiently high frame rate, a higher PWV value was found to deteriorate the PWV estimation, as indicated by an increasing CV and decreasing R(2). The simulation results were in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. Finally, high-quality PWV estimation could be obtained as long as the SNRs was higher than about 30 dB. The quantitative effects of the key parameters obtained from this study might provide important guidelines for parameter optimization in ultrasound-based local PWV measurement in vivo.
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Nandlall SD, GoldKlang MP, Kalashian A, Dangra NA, D’Armiento JM, Konofagou EE. Monitoring and staging abdominal aortic aneurysm disease with pulse wave imaging. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:2404-14. [PMID: 25130446 PMCID: PMC4157953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a silent and often deadly vascular disease caused by the localized weakening of the arterial wall. Previous work has indicated that local changes in wall stiffness can be detected with pulse wave imaging (PWI), which is a non-invasive technique for tracking the propagation of pulse waves along the aorta at high spatial and temporal resolutions. The aim of this study was to assess the capability of PWI to monitor and stage AAA progression in a murine model of the disease. ApoE/TIMP-1 knockout mice (N = 18) were given angiotensin II for 30 days via subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps. The suprarenal sections of the abdominal aortas were imaged every 2-3 d after implantation using a 30-MHz VisualSonics Vevo 770 with 15-μm lateral resolution. Pulse wave propagation was monitored at an effective frame rate of 8 kHz by using retrospective electrocardiogram gating and by performing 1-D cross-correlation on the radiofrequency signals to obtain the displacements induced by the waves. In normal aortas, the pulse waves propagated at constant velocities (2.8 ± 0.9 m/s, r(2) = 0.89 ± 0.11), indicating that the composition of these vessels was relatively homogeneous. In the mice that developed AAAs (N = 10), the wave speeds in the aneurysm sac were 45% lower (1.6 ± 0.6 m/s) and were more variable (r(2) = 0.66 ± 0.23). Moreover, the wave-induced wall displacements were at least 80% lower within the sacs compared with the surrounding vessel. Finally, in mice that developed fissures (N = 5) or ruptures (N = 3) at the sites of their AAA, higher displacements directed out of the lumen and with no discernible wave pattern (r(2) < 0.20) were observed throughout the cardiac cycle. These findings indicate that PWI can be used to distinguish normal murine aortas from aneurysmal, fissured and ruptured ones. Hence, PWI could potentially be used to monitor and stage human aneurysms by providing information complementary to standard B-mode ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisa E. Konofagou
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Corresponding Author: Elisa Konofagou, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Ave, ET 351, MC 8904, New York, NY
10027;, ; Phone, +1 212 342 1612
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Wan Y, Gao P, Zhou S, Zhang Z, Hao D, Lian L, Li Y, Chen H, Liu D. SIRT1-mediated epigenetic downregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 prevents vascular endothelial replicative senescence. Aging Cell 2014; 13:890-9. [PMID: 25040736 PMCID: PMC4331759 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inactivation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been shown to exert beneficial effects in age-related vascular diseases. Limited information is available on the molecular mechanisms regarding the negatively regulated expression of PAI-1 in the vascular system. In this study, we observed an inverse correlation between SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase, and PAI-1 expression in human atherosclerotic plaques and the aortas of old mice, suggesting that internal negative regulation exists between SIRT1 and PAI-1. SIRT1 overexpression reversed the increased PAI-1 expression in senescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and aortas of old mice, accompanied by decreased SA-β-gal activity in vitro and improved endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness in vivo. Moreover, the SIRT1-mediated inhibition of PAI-1 expression exerted an antisenescence effect in HUVECs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SIRT1 is able to bind to the PAI-1 promoter, resulting in a decrease in the acetylation of histone H4 lysine 16 (H4K16) on the PAI-1 promoter region. Thus, our findings suggest that the SIRT1-mediated epigenetic inhibition of PAI-1 expression exerts a protective effect in vascular endothelial senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Zhen Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Zhu‐Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - De‐Long Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Li‐Shan Lian
- Department of Vascular Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Science Beijing 100730 China
| | - Yong‐Jun Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Science Beijing 100730 China
| | - Hou‐Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - De‐Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
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Herrera VL, Decano JL, Giordano N, Moran AM, Ruiz-Opazo N. Aortic and carotid arterial stiffness and epigenetic regulator gene expression changes precede blood pressure rise in stroke-prone Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107888. [PMID: 25229245 PMCID: PMC4168262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple clinical studies show that arterial stiffness, measured as pulse wave velocity (PWV), precedes hypertension and is an independent predictor of hypertension end organ diseases including stroke, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Risk factor studies for arterial stiffness implicate age, hypertension and sodium. However, causal mechanisms linking risk factor to arterial stiffness remain to be elucidated. Here, we studied the causal relationship of arterial stiffness and hypertension in the Na-induced, stroke-prone Dahl salt-sensitive (S) hypertensive rat model, and analyzed putative molecular mechanisms. Stroke-prone and non-stroke-prone male and female rats were studied at 3- and 6-weeks of age for arterial stiffness (PWV, strain), blood pressure, vessel wall histology, and gene expression changes. Studies showed that increased left carotid and aortic arterial stiffness preceded hypertension, pulse pressure widening, and structural wall changes at the 6-week time-point. Instead, differential gene induction was detected implicating molecular-functional changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) structural constituents, modifiers, cell adhesion, and matricellular proteins, as well as in endothelial function, apoptosis balance, and epigenetic regulators. Immunostaining testing histone modifiers Ep300, HDAC3, and PRMT5 levels confirmed carotid artery-upregulation in all three layers: endothelial, smooth muscle and adventitial cells. Our study recapitulates observations in humans that given salt-sensitivity, increased Na-intake induced arterial stiffness before hypertension, increased pulse pressure, and structural vessel wall changes. Differential gene expression changes associated with arterial stiffness suggest a molecular mechanism linking sodium to full-vessel wall response affecting gene-networks involved in vascular ECM structure-function, apoptosis balance, and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. Herrera
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julius L. Decano
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Giordano
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ann Marie Moran
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Di Lascio N, Stea F, Kusmic C, Sicari R, Faita F. Non-invasive assessment of pulse wave velocity in mice by means of ultrasound images. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:31-7. [PMID: 25194332 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is considered as a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness and could be useful for characterizing cardiovascular disease progression even in mouse models. Aim of this study was to develop an image process algorithm for assessing arterial PWV in mice using ultrasound images only and test it on the evaluation of age-associated differences in abdominal aorta PWV. METHODS Ultrasound scans were obtained from ten adult (mean age: 5.5 months) and nine old (mean age: 15.5 months) wild type male mice (strain C57BL6) under gaseous anesthesia. For each mouse, instantaneous values of diameter and flow velocity were obtained from abdominal aorta B-mode and PW-Doppler, respectively. Single-beat mean diameter and velocity were calculated providing the velocity-diameter (lnD-V) loop. PWV values for both the early systolic phase (aaPWV) and the late systolic one (aaPWVls) were obtained from the slope of the corresponding linear parts of the loop. Relative distension (relD) was calculated from the mean diameter signal. RESULTS aaPWV values for adult mice (1.91 ± 0.44 m/s) were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than those obtained for older ones (2.71 ± 0.63 m/s) and the same result was found for aaPWVls (2.68 ± 0.68 vs 3.67 ± 0.95 m/s; p < 0.05). relD measurements were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in adult (22.7% ± 5.2%) compared with older animal evaluations (15.8% ± 3.9%). CONCLUSIONS The proposed system discriminates well between age groups and supplies a non-invasive evaluation of anatomical and functional parameters of the mouse abdominal aorta. Since it provides a non-invasive PWV assessment from ultrasound (US) images only, it may offer a simple and useful system for evaluation of local vascular stiffness at other arterial site in the mouse, such as the carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Di Lascio
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Stea
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Sicari
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Faita
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Cheng HW, Fisch S, Cheng S, Bauer M, Ngoy S, Qiu Y, Guan J, Mishra S, Mbah C, Liao R. Assessment of right ventricular structure and function in mouse model of pulmonary artery constriction by transthoracic echocardiography. J Vis Exp 2014:e51041. [PMID: 24513696 DOI: 10.3791/51041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging clinical data support the notion that RV dysfunction is critical to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and heart failure(1-3). Moreover, the RV is significantly affected in pulmonary diseases such as pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). In addition, the RV is remarkably sensitive to cardiac pathologies, including left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, valvular disease or RV infarction(4). To understand the role of RV in the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases, a reliable and noninvasive method to access the RV structurally and functionally is essential. A noninvasive trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) based methodology was established and validated for monitoring dynamic changes in RV structure and function in adult mice. To impose RV stress, we employed a surgical model of pulmonary artery constriction (PAC) and measured the RV response over a 7-day period using a high-frequency ultrasound microimaging system. Sham operated mice were used as controls. Images were acquired in lightly anesthetized mice at baseline (before surgery), day 0 (immediately post-surgery), day 3, and day 7 (post-surgery). Data was analyzed offline using software. Several acoustic windows (B, M, and Color Doppler modes), which can be consistently obtained in mice, allowed for reliable and reproducible measurement of RV structure (including RV wall thickness, end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions), and function (fractional area change, fractional shortening, PA peak velocity, and peak pressure gradient) in normal mice and following PAC. Using this method, the pressure-gradient resulting from PAC was accurately measured in real-time using Color Doppler mode and was comparable to direct pressure measurements performed with a Millar high-fidelity microtip catheter. Taken together, these data demonstrate that RV measurements obtained from various complimentary views using echocardiography are reliable, reproducible and can provide insights regarding RV structure and function. This method will enable a better understanding of the role of RV cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Cheng
- Cardiac Muscle Research Labratory, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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Shahmirzadi D, Narayanan P, Li RX, Qaqish WW, Konofagou EE. Mapping the longitudinal wall stiffness heterogeneities within intact canine aortas using Pulse Wave Imaging (PWI) ex vivo. J Biomech 2013; 46:1866-74. [PMID: 23764176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aortic stiffness has been found to be a useful independent indicator of several cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and aneurysms. Existing methods to estimate the aortic stiffness are either invasive, e.g. catheterization, or yield average global measurements which could be inaccurate, e.g., tonometry. Alternatively, the aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been shown to be a reliable marker for estimating the wall stiffness based on the Moens-Korteweg (M-K) formulation. Pulse Wave Imaging (PWI) is a relatively new, ultrasound-based imaging method for noninvasive and regional estimation of PWV. The present study aims at showing the application of PWI in obtaining localized wall mechanical properties by making PWV measurements on several adjacent locations along the ascending thoracic to the suprarenal abdominal aortic trunk in its intact vessel form. The PWV estimates were used to calculate the regional wall modulus based on the M-K relationship and were compared against conventional mechanical testing. The findings indicated that for the anisotropic aortic wall, the PWI estimates of the modulus are smaller than the circumferential modulus by an average of -32.22% and larger than the longitudinal modulus by an average of 25.83%. Ongoing work is focused on the in vivo applications of PWI in normal and pathological aortas with future implications in the clinical applications of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Shahmirzadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Konofagou E, Lee WN, Luo J, Provost J, Vappou J. Physiologic cardiovascular strain and intrinsic wave imaging. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2012; 13:477-505. [PMID: 21756144 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071910-124721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the primary killer worldwide. The heart, essentially an electrically driven mechanical pump, alters its mechanical and electrical properties to compensate for loss of normal mechanical and electrical function. The same adjustment also is performed in the vessels, which constantly adapt their properties to accommodate mechanical and geometrical changes related to aging or disease. Real-time, quantitative assessment of cardiac contractility, conduction, and vascular function before the specialist can visually detect it could be feasible. This new physiologic data could open up interactive therapy regimens that are currently not considered. The eventual goal of this technology is to provide a specific method for estimating the position and severity of contraction defects in cardiac infarcts or angina. This would improve care and outcomes as well as detect stiffness changes and overcome the current global measurement limitations in the progression of vascular disease, at little more cost or risk than that of a clinical ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Konofagou
- Ultrasound and Elasticity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10023, USA.
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Shahmirzadi D, Konofagou EE. Detection of Aortic Wall Inclusion Using Regional Pulse Wave Propagation and Velocity In Silico.. Artery Res 2012; 6. [PMID: 24235978 DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of the regional stiffening of the arterial wall may prove important in the diagnosis of various vascular pathologies. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) along the aortic wall has been shown to be dependent on the wall stiffness and has played a fundamental role in a range of diagnostic methods. Conventional clinical methods involve a global examination of the pulse traveling between two remote sites, e.g. femoral and carotid arteries, to provide an average PWV estimate. However, the majority of vascular diseases entail regional vascular changes and therefore may not be detected by a global PWV estimate. In this paper, a fluid-structure interaction study of straight-geometry aortas was carried out to examine the effects of regional stiffness changes on PWV. Five homogeneous aortas with increasing wall stiffness as well as two aortas with soft and hard inclusions were considered. In each case, spatio-temporal maps of the wall motion were used to analyze the regional pulse wave propagation. On the homogeneous aortas, increasing PWVs were found to increase with the wall moduli (R2 = 0.9988), indicating the reliability of the model to accurately represent the wave propagation. On the inhomogeneous aortas, formation of reflected and standing waves was observed at the site of the hard and soft inclusions, respectively. Neither the hard nor the soft inclusion had a significant effect on the velocity of the traveling pulse beyond the inclusion site, which supported the hypothesis that a global measurement of the average PWV could fail to detect regional abnormalities.
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Luo J, Li RX, Konofagou EE. Pulse wave imaging of the human carotid artery: an in vivo feasibility study. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2012; 59:174-81. [PMID: 22293749 PMCID: PMC4123860 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2012.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive quantification of regional arterial stiffness, such as measurement of the pulse wave velocity (PWV), has been shown to be of high clinical importance. Pulse wave imaging (PWI) has been previously developed by our group to visualize the propagation of the pulse wave along the aorta and to estimate the regional PWV. The objective of this paper is to determine the feasibility of PWI in the human carotid artery in vivo. The left common carotid arteries of eight (n = 8) healthy volunteers (male, age 27 + 4 years old) were scanned in a long-axis view, with a 10-MHz linear-array transducer. The beam density of the scan was reduced to 16 beams within an imaging width of 38 mm. The frame rate of ultrasound imaging was therefore increased to 1127 Hz at an image depth of 25 mm. The RF ultrasound signals were then acquired at a sampling rate of 40 MHz and used to estimate the velocity of the arterial wall using a 1-D cross-correlationbased speckle tracking method. The sequence of the wall velocity images at different times depicts the propagation of the pulse wave in the carotid artery from the proximal to distal sides. The regional PWV was estimated from the spatiotemporal variation of the wall velocities and ranged from 4.0 to 5.2 m/s in eight (n = 8) normal subjects, in agreement with findings reported in the literature. PWI was thus proven feasible in the human carotid artery, and may be proven useful for detecting vascular disease through mapping the pulse wave and estimating the regional PWV in the carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Luo
- Ultrasound and Elasticity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ronny X. Li
- Ultrasound and Elasticity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Elisa E. Konofagou
- Ultrasound and Elasticity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY. Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Zhou L, Beach KW, Liang HD, Halliwell M, Wells PNT. Noninvasive measurement of local arterial pulse wave velocity in humans by ultrasound. J Med Eng Technol 2011; 35:362-9. [PMID: 21793701 DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2011.595532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An improved method for noninvasive measurement of the local velocity of arterial pulse wave propagation by an echo-tracking-based ultrasound system is described. A data acquisition image interface was programmed in the ultrasound machine simultaneously to record M-mode ultrasound signals at two locations of a given distance apart along an artery. The selections of measurement sites, separation, and time resolution were performed on the control interface. The temporal sampling frequency could be as high as 10 kHz. The displacements of the blood vessel wall along the time axis were calculated from the M-mode signals by cross-correlation of the radio-frequency data and the distension waveforms were obtained. The temporal separation of the feet of the distension curves from the two measurement locations was derived to give the travel time of the pulse wave. Measurements were made in vivo on human carotid arteries. The pulse wave velocities measured from four volunteers were from 4.1 to 7.2 m/s with coefficients of variation from 5.9 to 29.5%. Some of the factors contributing to the variation in measured values of the velocity are discussed. The method is simple to implement and should be suitable for clinical research into local pulse wave velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhou
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Bristol General Hospital, Bristol BS1 6SY, UK
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Longitudinal common carotid artery wall motion is associated with plaque burden in man and mouse. Atherosclerosis 2011; 217:120-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Foster FS, Hossack J, Adamson SL. Micro-ultrasound for preclinical imaging. Interface Focus 2011; 1:576-601. [PMID: 22866232 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, non-invasive preclinical imaging has emerged as an important tool to facilitate biomedical discovery. Not only have the markets for these tools accelerated, but the numbers of peer-reviewed papers in which imaging end points and biomarkers have been used have grown dramatically. High frequency 'micro-ultrasound' has steadily evolved in the post-genomic era as a rapid, comparatively inexpensive imaging tool for studying normal development and models of human disease in small animals. One of the fundamental barriers to this development was the technological hurdle associated with high-frequency array transducers. Recently, new approaches have enabled the upper limits of linear and phased arrays to be pushed from about 20 to over 50 MHz enabling a broad range of new applications. The innovations leading to the new transducer technology and scanner architecture are reviewed. Applications of preclinical micro-ultrasound are explored for developmental biology, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. With respect to the future, the latest developments in high-frequency ultrasound imaging are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Stuart Foster
- Sunnybrook and Health Sciences Centre , University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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