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Seah ZQ, Leow S, Snyder SA. The role of reactive chlorine and nitrogen species in micropollutant degradation in UV/monochloramine. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140542. [PMID: 37926167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Monochloramine (NH2Cl) is applied upstream of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for biofouling control. Residual NH2Cl can undergo UV photolysis downstream, generating reactive species for an AOP to occur. At the bench-scale, NH2Cl is typically generated from combining sodium hypochlorite and ammonium chloride or sulfate. This study investigated the degradation of four compounds of interest - acetaminophen, caffeine, sucralose and 1,4-dioxane - in UV/NH2Cl at the bench scale to study their reactivity with reactive chlorine species (RCS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). With methanol acting as a scavenger of •OH radicals, the performance of UV/NH2Cl was compared to UV/H2O2 and UV/HOCl. In UV/H2O2, dioxane was severely inhibited at 1-2 mg/L H2O2 and comparable at 5 mg/L to UV/NH2Cl. When ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) was used as the ammonia source over ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), the overall degradation of micropollutants was higher and caffeine was exclusively degraded. At 1-2 mg/L NH2Cl, dioxane degraded by 16.2-17.8% and 2.92-5.29% from (NH4)2SO4 and NH4Cl respectively while caffeine degraded by 7.45-9.61% with NH2Cl ((NH4)2SO4), but not degrade with NH2Cl (NH4Cl). The higher concentration of chloride ions from NH4Cl significantly influenced the speciation of generated radicals and impacted micropollutant degradation. This suggests that the reactivity of more selective RCS (Cl2•-, •ClO, ClOH•-) and RNS (•NH2, •NO, •NO2, etc.) varies with micropollutants of interest. The presence of higher chloride concentration from the ammonia source inhibited the generation of •OH radicals with •OH consumed by RNS to form NO3- (μg/L levels), showing the impact of the choice of ammonia source and the water matrix on UV/NH2Cl performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Quan Seah
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Shijie Leow
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Shane A Snyder
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
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Tarighati Sareshkeh A, Seyed Dorraji MS, Karami Z, Shahmoradi S, Fekri E, Daneshvar H, Rasoulifard MH, Karimov DN. Preparation of high-crystalline and non-metal modified g-C 3N 4 for improving ultrasound-accelerated white-LED-light-driven photocatalytic performances. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15079. [PMID: 37699970 PMCID: PMC10497575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As a non-metallic organic semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has received much attention due to its unique physicochemical properties. However, the photocatalytic activity of this semiconductor faces challenges due to factors such as low electronic conductivity and limited active sites provided on its surface. The morphology and structure of g-C3N4, including macro/micro morphology, crystal structure and electronic structure can affect its catalytic activity. Non-metallic heteroatom doping is considered as an effective method to tune the optical, electronic and other physicochemical properties of g-C3N4. Here, we synthesized non-metal-doped highly crystalline g-C3N4 by one-pot calcination method, which enhanced the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 such as mesoporous nature, reduced band gap, wide-range photousability, improved charge carrier recombination, and the electrical conductivity was improved. Hence, the use of low-power white-LED-light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm) and ultrasound (US) irradiation synergistically engendered the Methylene Blue (MB) mineralization efficiency elevated to 100% within 120 min by following the pseudo-first-order mechanism under the following condition (i.e., pH 11, 0.75 g L-1 of O-doped g-C3N4 and S-doped g-C3N4, 20 mg L-1 MB, 0.25 ml s-1 O2, and spontaneous raising temperature). In addition, the rapid removal of MB by sonophotocatalysis was 4 times higher than that of primary photocatalysis. And radical scavenging experiments showed that the maximum distribution of active species corresponds to superoxide radical [Formula: see text]. More importantly, the sonophotocatalytic degradation ability of O-doped g-C3N4 and S-doped g-C3N4 was remarkably sustained even after the sixth consecutive run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Tarighati Sareshkeh
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Seyed Dorraji
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Zhaleh Karami
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shahmoradi
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elnaz Fekri
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hoda Daneshvar
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Rasoulifard
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Denis N Karimov
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 59, 119333, Moscow, Russia.
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Tatarchuk T, Shyichuk A, Danyliuk N, Naushad M, Kotsyubynsky V, Boychuk V. Cobalt ferrite as an electromagnetically boosted metal oxide hetero-Fenton catalyst for water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138364. [PMID: 36933839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cobalt ferrite Fenton catalysts were obtained by the flow co-precipitation method. FTIR, XRD, and Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed the spinel structure. The crystallite size of the as-synthesized sample is 12 nm, while the samples annealed at 400 and 600 °C have crystallite sizes of 16 and 18 nm, respectively. The as-synthesized sample has a grain size of 0.1-5.0 μm in size, while the annealed samples have grain sizes of 0.5 μm-15 μm. The degree of structure inversion ranges from 0.87 to 0.97. The catalytic activity of cobalt ferrites has been tested in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and the oxidation of caffeine. The annealing of the CoFe2O4 increases its catalytic activity in both model reactions, with the optimal annealing temperature being 400 °C. The reaction order has been found to increase with increasing H2O2 concentration. Electromagnetic heating accelerates the catalytic reaction more than 2 times. As a result, the degree of caffeine decomposition increases from 40% to 85%. The used catalysts have insignificant changes in crystallite size and distribution of cations. Thus, the electromagnetically heated cobalt ferrite can be a controlled catalyst in water purification technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Tatarchuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland; Educational and Scientific Center of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Alexander Shyichuk
- Educational and Scientific Center of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine; Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Nazarii Danyliuk
- Educational and Scientific Center of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Volodymyr Kotsyubynsky
- Department of Material Science and New Technology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 76018, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyra Boychuk
- Department of Material Science and New Technology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 76018, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Gowrisankaran S, Thirunavukkarasu GK, Makarov H, Roch T, Plesch G, Motola M, Mailhot G, Brigante M, Monfort O. New insights into the mechanism of coupled photocatalysis and Fenton-based processes using Fe surface-modified TiO2 nanotube layers: The case study of caffeine degradation. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Photocatalytic Activity of Bi2O3/BiOCl Heterojunctions Under UV and Visible Light Illumination for Degradation of Caffeine. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mitra S, Naskar N, Ghosh K, Dutta A, Lahiri S, Chaudhuri P, Saha A. Studies on radiation stability of natural caffeine. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 183:110148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cintas P, Cravotto G, Gondrexon N, Leveque JM. Special Issue on "Ultrasound hybridized technologies: A new breathing for sonochemistry". ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 86:105995. [PMID: 35418337 PMCID: PMC9171233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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