1
|
Jalil AT, Abdulhadi MA, Al-Ameer LR, Taher WM, Abdulameer SJ, Abosaooda M, Fadhil AA. Peptide-Based Therapeutics in Cancer Therapy. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00873-1. [PMID: 37768503 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A monster called cancer is still one of the most challenging human problems and one of the leading causes of death in the world. Different types of treatment methods are used for cancer therapy; however, there are challenges such as high cost and harmful side effects in using these methods. Recent years have witnessed a surge in the development of therapeutic peptides for a wide range of diseases, notably cancer. Peptides are preferred over antibiotics, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer due to a number of aspects, including flexibility, easy modification, low immunogenicity, and inexpensive cost of production. The use of therapeutic peptides in cancer treatment is a novel and intriguing strategy. These peptides provide excellent prospects for targeted drug delivery because of their high selectivity, specificity, small dimensions, good biocompatibility, and simplicity of modification. Target specificity and minimal toxicity are benefits of therapeutic peptides. Additionally, peptides can be used to design antigens or adjuvants for vaccine development. Here, types of therapeutic peptides for cancer therapy will be discussed, such as peptide-based cancer vaccines and tumor-targeting peptides (TTP) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq.
| | - Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Lubna R Al-Ameer
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Sada Jasim Abdulameer
- Biology Department, College of Education for Pure Science, Wasit University, Kut, Wasit, Iraq
| | | | - Ali A Fadhil
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte elicited therapeutic vaccine candidate targeting cancer against MAGE-A11 carcinogenic protein. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226922. [PMID: 33169789 PMCID: PMC7711063 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a breakthrough approach for cancer treatment and prevention. By exploiting the fact that cancer cells have overexpression of tumor antigens responsible for its growth and progression, which can be identified and removed by boosting the immune system. In silico techniques have provided efficient ways for developing preventive measures to ward off cancer. Herein, we have designed a potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope to elicit a desirable immune response against carcinogenic melanoma-associated antigen-A11. Potent epitope was predicted using reliable algorithms and characterized by advanced computational avenue CABS molecular dynamics simulation, for full flexible binding with HLA-A*0201 and androgen receptor to large-scale rearrangements of the complex system. Results showed the potent immunogenic construct (KIIDLVHLL), from top epitopes using five algorithms. Molecular docking analyses showed the strong binding of epitope with HLA-A*0201 and androgen receptor with docking score of -780.6 and -641.06 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis revealed strong binding of lead epitope with androgen receptor by involvement of 127 elements through atomic-model study. Full flexibility study showed stable binding of epitope with an average root mean square deviation (RMSD) 2.21 Å and maximum RMSD value of 6.48 Å in optimal cluster density area. The epitope also showed remarkable results with radius of gyration 23.0777 Å, world population coverage of 39.08% by immune epitope database, and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) affinity IC50 value of 2039.65 nm. Moreover, in silico cloning approach confirmed the expression and translation capacity of the construct within a suitable expression vector. The present study paves way for a potential immunogenic construct for prevention of cancer.
Collapse
|
3
|
Beg S, Almalki WH, Khatoon F, Alharbi KS, Alghamdi S, Akhter MH, Khalilullah H, Baothman AA, Hafeez A, Rahman M, Akhter S, Choudhry H. Lipid/polymer-based nanocomplexes in nucleic acid delivery as cancer vaccines. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1891-1903. [PMID: 33610757 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines consist of nucleic acid derivatives such as plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA and mRNA, and can be customized according to the patient's needs. Nanomedicines have proven to be exceptionally good as miniaturized drug carriers, and thus they offer great advantages for delivering cancer vaccines. This review provides an overview of the literature on cancer vaccines, from their inception to current developments in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahmida Khatoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Baothman
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMARC), Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Sahranpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SIHAS, Faculty of Health Science, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India.
| | - Sohail Akhter
- New Product Development, Global R&D, Sterile ops, TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Aston Ln N, Halton, Preston Brook, Runcorn WA7 3FA, UK; Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Uthaman S, Pillarisetti S, Hwang HS, Mathew AP, Huh KM, Rhee JH, Park IK. Tumor Microenvironment-Regulating Immunosenescence-Independent Nanostimulant Synergizing with Near-Infrared Light Irradiation for Antitumor Immunity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4844-4852. [PMID: 33486952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated immunotherapy can elicit antitumor immunity and modulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Unlike other TLRs, TLR-5 is a promising target for immune activation, as its expression is well-maintained even during immunosenescence. Here, we developed a unique tumor microenvironment-regulating immunosenescence-independent nanostimulant consisting of TLR-5 adjuvant Vibrio vulnificus flagellin B (FlaB) conjugated onto the surface to an IR 780-loaded hyaluronic acid-stearylamine (HIF) micelles. These HIF micelles induced immune-mediated cell death via PTT when irradiated with a near-infrared laser. In comparison with PTT alone, the combination of in situ-generated tumor-associated antigens produced during PTT and the immune adjuvant FlaB demonstrated enhanced vaccine-like properties and modulated the TME by suppressing immune-suppressive regulatory cells (Tregs) and increasing the fraction of CD103+ migratory dendritic cells, which are responsible for trafficking tumor antigens to draining lymph nodes (DLNs). This combinatorial strategy (i.e., applying a TLR-5 adjuvant targeted to immunosenescence-independent TLR-5 and the in situ photothermal generation of tumor-associated antigens) is a robust system for next-generation immunotherapy and could even be applied in elderly patients, thus broadening the clinical scope of immunotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saji Uthaman
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Shameer Pillarisetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Gwangju 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Ansuja Pulickal Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Gwangju 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Gwangju 58128, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mehrotra N, Kharbanda S, Singh H. Peptide-based combination nanoformulations for cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2201-2217. [PMID: 32914691 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in cancer therapy is moving towards the use of biomolecules in combination with conventional approaches for improved disease outcome. Among the biomolecules explored, peptides are strong contenders due to their small size, high specificity, low systemic toxicity and wide inter/intracellular targets. The use of nanoformulations for such combination approaches can lead to further improvement in efficacy by reducing off-target cytotoxicity, increasing circulation time, tumor penetration and accumulation. This review focuses on nanodelivery systems for peptide-based combinations with chemo, immuno, radiation and hormone therapy. It gives an overview of the latest therapeutic research being conducted using combination nanoformulations with anticancer peptides, cell penetrating/tumor targeting peptides, peptide nanocarriers, peptidomimetics, peptide-based hormones and peptide vaccines. The challenges hindering clinical translation are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mehrotra
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Surender Kharbanda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Harpal Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The development of peptide-based drugs, which are usually synthetic analogues of endogenous peptides, is currently one of the most topical directions in drug development. Among them, antitumor peptide-based drugs are of great interest. Anticancer peptides can be classified into three main groups based on their mechanism of action: inhibitory, necrosis-inducing and pro-apoptotic peptides. As an antitumor therapy, peptides are considered to have at least the same efficacy as chemotherapy or surgical treatment, but offer advantages in terms of safety and tolerability, given that chemotherapy is usually characterized by severe adverse effects, and surgery carries additional risks for patients. Short peptides have a number of benefits over other molecules. First, compared with full-length proteins and antibodies, short peptides are less immunogenic, more stable ex-vivo (prolonged storage at room temperature), and have better tumor or organ permeability. Moreover, the production of such short peptide-based drugs is more cost effective. Second, in comparison with small organic molecules, peptides have higher efficacy and specificity. Finally, due to the fact that the main products of peptide metabolism are amino acids, these drugs are usually characterized by lower toxicity. Short peptides have a highly selective mechanism of action, thereby demonstrating low toxicity. Furthermore, with the addition of different stabilizing structural modifications, as well as novel drug delivery systems, the peptide-based drugs are proving to be promising therapeutics for cancer mono- or polytherapy. However, challenges remain including that endogenous and synthetic peptide molecules can be oncogenic. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether peptides contribute to tumor growth. In order to answer such questions, numerous preclinical and clinical studies of peptide-based therapeutics are currently being conducted.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ji YS, Park SK, Ryu S. Whole leukemia cell vaccines: Past progress and future directions. Vaccine 2020; 38:3811-3820. [PMID: 32280046 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can reduce the risk of leukemia relapse by inducing the graft-versus-leukemia effect. However, allogeneic stem cell transplantation is also known to be able to cause graft-versus-host disease, which can cause considerable morbidity and even mortality in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, to elicit leukemia-specific immune responses without alloimmune reaction, the possibilities of active immunotherapy methods such as leukemia vaccines have been studied for decades. Among various types of leukemia vaccines, whole leukemia cell vaccines are known to be able to induce immune responses against multiple unknown antigens without the need for adoptive transfer of dendritic cells. In this review, we will discuss the past progress of whole leukemia cell vaccines, with a focus on strategies to enhance their immunogenicity. We will also present the future directions of whole leukemia cell vaccines along with addressing newly emerging concepts, such as immunogenic cell death and necroptosis. We will not discuss in detail other factors that can reduce the therapeutic efficacy of whole leukemia cell vaccines such as various immunosuppressive mechanisms of leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Sok Ji
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Kyu Park
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14584, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea; Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Sciences (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sainz V, Moura LI, Peres C, Matos AI, Viana AS, Wagner AM, Vela Ramirez JE, S. Barata T, Gaspar M, Brocchini S, Zloh M, Peppas NA, Satchi-Fainaro R, F. Florindo H. α-Galactosylceramide and peptide-based nano-vaccine synergistically induced a strong tumor suppressive effect in melanoma. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:193-207. [PMID: 29940370 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosylceramide (GalCer) is a glycolipid widely known as an activator of Natural killer T (NKT) cells, constituting a promising adjuvant against cancer, including melanoma. However, limited clinical outcomes have been obtained so far. This study evaluated the synergy between GalCer and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II melanoma-associated peptide antigens and the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) ligands CpG and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), which we intended to maximize following their co-delivery by a nanoparticle (NP). This is expected to improve GalCer capture by dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequent presentation to NKT cells, simultaneously inducing an anti-tumor specific T-cell mediated immunity. The combination of GalCer with melanoma peptides and TLR ligands successfully restrained tumor growth. The tumor volume in these animals was 5-fold lower than the ones presented by mice immunized with NPs not containing GalCer. However, tumor growth was controlled at similar levels by GalCer entrapped or in its soluble form, when mixed with antigens and TLR ligands. Those two groups showed an improved infiltration of T lymphocytes into the tumor, but only GalCer-loaded nano-vaccine induced a prominent and enhanced infiltration of NKT and NK cells. In addition, splenocytes of these animals secreted levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 at least 1.5-fold and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those treated with the mixture of antigens and adjuvants in solution. Overall, the combined delivery of the NKT agonist with TLR ligands and melanoma antigens via this multivalent nano-vaccine displayed a synergistic anti-tumor immune-mediated efficacy in B16F10 melanoma mouse model. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Combination of α-galactosylceramide (GalCer), a Natural Killer T (NKT) cell agonist, with melanoma-associated antigens presented by MHC class I (Melan-A:26) and MHC class II (gp100:44) molecules, and Toll-like Receptor (TLR) ligands (MPLA and CpG), within nanoparticle matrix induced a prominent anti-tumor immune response able to restrict melanoma growth. An enhanced infiltration of NKT and NK cells into tumor site was only achieved when the combination GalCer, antigens and TLR ligands were co-delivered by the nanovaccine.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mangini M, Iaccino E, Mosca MG, Mimmi S, D'Angelo R, Quinto I, Scala G, Mariggiò S. Peptide-guided targeting of GPR55 for anti-cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5179-5195. [PMID: 28029647 PMCID: PMC5354900 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the lysophosphatidylinositol receptor GPR55 correlates with invasive potential of metastatic cells and bone metastasis formation of different types of tumors. These findings suggest a role for GPR55 signaling in cancer progression, including in lymphoproliferative diseases. Here, we screened a M13-phage-displayed random library using the bait of HEK293 cells that heterologously expressed full-length HA-GPR55. We selected a set of phagotopes that carried 7-mer insert peptides flanked by a pair of cysteine residues, which resulted in cyclized peptides. Sequencing of selected phagotopes dictated the primary structure for the synthetic FITC-labeled peptide P1, which was analyzed for binding specificity to immunoprecipitated HA-GPR55, and to endogenously expressed GPR55, using cells interfered or not for GPR55, as well as for co-localization imaging with HA-GPR55 at the membrane level. The peptide P1 stimulated GPR55 endocytosis and inhibited GPR55-dependent proliferation of EHEB and DeFew cells, two human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. Our data support the potential therapeutic application of peptide ligands of GPR55 for targeting and inhibiting growth of neoplastic cells, which overexpress GPR55 and are dependent on GPR55 signaling for their proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mangini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa D'Angelo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scala
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Mariggiò
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khalili S, Rahbar MR, Dezfulian MH, Jahangiri A. In silico analyses of Wilms׳ tumor protein to designing a novel multi-epitope DNA vaccine against cancer. J Theor Biol 2015; 379:66-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
11
|
Bhowmik A, Khan R, Ghosh MK. Blood brain barrier: a challenge for effectual therapy of brain tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:320941. [PMID: 25866775 PMCID: PMC4383356 DOI: 10.1155/2015/320941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are one of the most formidable diseases of mankind. They have only a fair to poor prognosis and high relapse rate. One of the major causes of extreme difficulty in brain tumor treatment is the presence of blood brain barrier (BBB). BBB comprises different molecular components and transport systems, which in turn create efflux machinery or hindrance for the entry of several drugs in brain. Thus, along with the conventional techniques, successful modification of drug delivery and novel therapeutic strategies are needed to overcome this obstacle for treatment of brain tumors. In this review, we have elucidated some critical insights into the composition and function of BBB and along with it we have discussed the effective methods for delivery of drugs to the brain and therapeutic strategies overcoming the barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Bhowmik
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Rajni Khan
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Mrinal Kanti Ghosh
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Conniot J, Silva JM, Fernandes JG, Silva LC, Gaspar R, Brocchini S, Florindo HF, Barata TS. Cancer immunotherapy: nanodelivery approaches for immune cell targeting and tracking. Front Chem 2014; 2:105. [PMID: 25505783 PMCID: PMC4244808 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases afflicting people globally. New therapeutic approaches are needed due to the complexity of cancer as a disease. Many current treatments are very toxic and have modest efficacy at best. Increased understanding of tumor biology and immunology has allowed the development of specific immunotherapies with minimal toxicity. It is important to highlight the performance of monoclonal antibodies, immune adjuvants, vaccines and cell-based treatments. Although these approaches have shown varying degrees of clinical efficacy, they illustrate the potential to develop new strategies. Targeted immunotherapy is being explored to overcome the heterogeneity of malignant cells and the immune suppression induced by both the tumor and its microenvironment. Nanodelivery strategies seek to minimize systemic exposure to target therapy to malignant tissue and cells. Intracellular penetration has been examined through the use of functionalized particulates. These nano-particulate associated medicines are being developed for use in imaging, diagnostics and cancer targeting. Although nano-particulates are inherently complex medicines, the ability to confer, at least in principle, different types of functionality allows for the plausible consideration these nanodelivery strategies can be exploited for use as combination medicines. The development of targeted nanodelivery systems in which therapeutic and imaging agents are merged into a single platform is an attractive strategy. Currently, several nanoplatform-based formulations, such as polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes and dendrimers are in preclinical and clinical stages of development. Herein, nanodelivery strategies presently investigated for cancer immunotherapy, cancer targeting mechanisms and nanocarrier functionalization methods will be described. We also intend to discuss the emerging nano-based approaches suitable to be used as imaging techniques and as cancer treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Conniot
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana M Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana G Fernandes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liana C Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rogério Gaspar
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Steve Brocchini
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Emergent Macromolecular Therapies, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa S Barata
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Emergent Macromolecular Therapies, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Silva JM, Videira M, Gaspar R, Préat V, Florindo HF. Immune system targeting by biodegradable nanoparticles for cancer vaccines. J Control Release 2013; 168:179-99. [PMID: 23524187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The concept of therapeutic cancer vaccines is based on the activation of the immune system against tumor cells after the presentation of tumor antigens. Nanoparticles (NPs) have shown great potential as delivery systems for cancer vaccines as they potentiate the co-delivery of tumor-associated antigens and adjuvants to dendritic cells (DCs), insuring effective activation of the immune system against tumor cells. In this review, the immunological mechanisms behind cancer vaccines, including the role of DCs in the stimulation of T lymphocytes and the use of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands as adjuvants will be discussed. An overview of each of the three essential components of a therapeutic cancer vaccine - antigen, adjuvant and delivery system - will be provided with special emphasis on the potential of particulate delivery systems for cancer vaccines, in particular those made of biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). Some of the factors that can influence NP uptake by DCs, including size, surface charge, surface functionalization and route of administration, will also be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana M Silva
- iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Changes in the local tumor microenvironment in recurrent cancers may explain the failure of vaccines after surgery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 110:E415-24. [PMID: 23271806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1211850110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, more than 700,000 people undergo cancer surgery in the United States. However, more than 40% of those patients develop recurrences and have a poor outcome. Traditionally, the medical community has assumed that recurrent tumors arise from selected tumor clones that are refractory to therapy. However, we found that tumor cells have few phenotypical differences after surgery. Thus, we propose an alternative explanation for the resistance of recurrent tumors. Surgery promotes inhibitory factors that allow lingering immunosuppressive cells to repopulate small pockets of residual disease quickly. Recurrent tumors and draining lymph nodes are infiltrated with M2 (CD11b(+)F4/80(hi)CD206(hi) and CD11b(+)F4/80(hi)CD124(hi)) macrophages and CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. This complex network of immunosuppression in the surrounding tumor microenvironment explains the resistance of tumor recurrences to conventional cancer vaccines despite small tumor size, an intact antitumor immune response, and unaltered cancer cells. Therapeutic strategies coupling antitumor agents with inhibition of immunosuppressive cells potentially could impact the outcomes of more than 250,000 people each year.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cancer treatment using peptides: current therapies and future prospects. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2012; 2012:967347. [PMID: 23316341 PMCID: PMC3539351 DOI: 10.1155/2012/967347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses the role of peptides in cancer therapy with special emphasis on peptide drugs which are already approved and those in clinical trials. The potential of peptides in cancer treatment is evident from a variety of different strategies that are available to address the progression of tumor growth and propagation of the disease. Use of peptides that can directly target cancer cells without affecting normal cells (targeted therapy) is evolving as an alternate strategy to conventional chemotherapy. Peptide can be utilized directly as a cytotoxic agent through various mechanisms or can act as a carrier of cytotoxic agents and radioisotopes by specifically targeting cancer cells. Peptide-based hormonal therapy has been extensively studied and utilized for the treatment of breast and prostate cancers. Tremendous amount of clinical data is currently available attesting to the efficiency of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Combination therapy is emerging as an important strategy to achieve synergistic effects in fighting cancer as a single method alone may not be efficient enough to yield positive results. Combining immunotherapy with conventional therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy or combining an anticancer peptide with a nonpeptidic cytotoxic drug is an example of this emerging field.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim YJ, Han SH, Kang HW, Lee JM, Kim YS, Seo JH, Seong YK, Ko HJ, Choi TH, Moon C, Kang CY. NKT ligand-loaded, antigen-expressing B cells function as long-lasting antigen presenting cells in vivo. Cell Immunol 2011; 270:135-44. [PMID: 21741036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We had previously shown that activated NKT cells licensed B cells to be immunogenic antigen-presenting cells and helped to elicit a wide spectrum of cancer targeted immune responses. In the current study, we sought to verify the safety of αGalCer-loaded, and adenovirus-transduced B cell-based vaccines, together with mechanism of action. Intravenously injected αGalCer-loaded, antigen-expressing B cells rapidly localized in the spleen and directly primed CD8(+) T cells in an antigen-specific manner. The transferred antigen was sustained for at least 30 days. While some injected B cells produced nonspecific IgG, the antigen-specific IgG response was completely dependent on endogenous B cells. The liver was one of the main tissues where injected B cells were retained; however, we could not find the signs of liver toxicity. Our results demonstrate that αGalCer-loaded, antigen-expressing B cells behave as "antigen-presenting" cells that stimulate endogenous antigen-specific T cells and B cells in vivo without significant toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jeong Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Naylor PH, Hernandez KE, Nixon AE, Brandwein HJ, Haas GP, Wang CY, Hadden JW. IRX-2 increases the T cell-specific immune response to protein/peptide vaccines. Vaccine 2010; 28:7054-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Mortara L, Frangione V, Castellani P, De Lerma Barbaro A, Accolla RS. Irradiated CIITA-positive mammary adenocarcinoma cells act as a potent anti-tumor-preventive vaccine by inducing tumor-specific CD4+ T cell priming and CD8+ T cell effector functions. Int Immunol 2009; 21:655-65. [PMID: 19395374 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxp034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the possibility to use irradiated, non-replicating class II transcriptional activator (CIITA)-transfected tumor TS/A cells as a cell-based vaccine. Eighty-three percent of TS/A-CIITA-vaccinated mice were completely protected from tumor growth and the remaining 17% displayed significant reduction of tumor growth. In contrast, only 30% of mice injected with irradiated TS/A parental cells were protected from tumor growth, whereas the remaining 70% of animals remained unprotected. Immunity generated in the TS/A-CIITA-vaccinated mice correlated with an efficient priming of CD4(+) T cells and consequent triggering and maintenance of CD8(+) CTL effectors, as assessed by adoptive transfer assays. Important qualitative differences were observed between the two cell-based vaccines, as TS/A-CIITA-vaccinated mice developed a CTL response containing a large proportion of anti-gp70 AH1 epitope-specific cells, completely absent in TS/A-vaccinated mice, and a mixed T(h)1/T(h)2 type of response as opposed to a T(h)2 type of response in TS/A-vaccinated mice. Finally, in TS/A-CIITA-vaccinated mice, a statistically significant reduction in the percentage and absolute number of CD4(+) CD25(+) T regulatory cells as compared with those of untreated mice with growing tumors (P < 0.001) or mice vaccinated with TS/A parental cells were observed. These results let to envisage the use of CIITA-transfected non-replicating tumor cells as a vaccination strategy for prevention and, possibly, adjuvant immunotherapy in human settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mortara
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi 9, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adjuvant treatment for high risk melanoma. Where are we now? Oncol Rev 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12156-008-0056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
20
|
Beck A, Klinguer-Hamour C, Bussat MC, Champion T, Haeuw JF, Goetsch L, Wurch T, Sugawara M, Milon A, Van Dorsselaer A, Nguyen T, Corvaïa N. Peptides as tools and drugs for immunotherapies. J Pept Sci 2007; 13:588-602. [PMID: 17602441 DOI: 10.1002/psc.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are essential tools for discovery and pre-clinical and pharmaceutical development of viral and cancer vaccines ('active immunotherapies') as well as for therapeutic antibodies ('passive immunotherapies'). They help to trigger and analyze immune responses at a molecular level (B-cell, T-helper and CTL epitopes). They contribute largely to the design of new vaccine candidates and to the generation of monoclonal antibodies. They are also valuable analytical reference compounds for the structural characterisation by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of recombinant proteins used as biopharmaceuticals. As for other therapeutic applications, formulation, solubilisation, batch consistency and stability, issues have to be addressed to allow the pre-clinical and clinical development of this class of compounds as immunotherapeutic drugs. In the present review, three case studies dealing with (i) the design and the characterisation of Respiratory Syntycial Virus subunit vaccines, (ii) peptide-based melanoma vaccines, and (iii) therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, all investigated in clinical trials, are reported and discussed.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Mice
- Models, Immunological
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Mapping
- Peptides/immunology
- Peptides/therapeutic use
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/immunology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, F74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ho VH, Chevez-Barrios P, Jorgensen JL, Silkiss RZ, Silkis RZ, Esmaeli B. Receptor expression in orbital inflammatory syndromes and implications for targeted therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:105-9. [PMID: 17610415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the expression of multiple therapeutic targets in tissue specimens from patients with orbital inflammatory syndromes, the clinical records of 16 patients treated for orbital inflammation between January 2003 and November 2005 for whom tissue blocks were available were reviewed retrospectively. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on archived specimens using commercially available monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD20, CD22, CD23, CD25, and CD52 antigens. The histologic diagnoses were confirmed, and the immunohistochemical staining patterns were agreed upon by both collaborating pathologists (JLJ and PC-B). The study included 13 women and 3 men who ranged in age from 4 to 79 years (mean, 46 years). The histologic diagnoses were as follows: orbital pseudotumor in six patients; sarcoidosis, three; eosinophilic granuloma, one; necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, one; nonspecified granulomatous inflammation, one; Graves' ophthalmopathy, one; Wegener's granulomatosis, one; and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, two. One orbital lymphoma specimen and one foreign body reaction specimen were used as controls. CD20 was strongly expressed in all specimens except three (Wegener's granulomatosis, eosinophilic granuloma, and nonspecified granulomatous inflammation specimens), and CD25 was strongly expressed in all specimens except the Wegener's granulomatosis specimen, in which this antigen was only moderately expressed. CD20 and CD25 were strongly or moderately expressed in most of the tested specimens of orbital inflammation. If our findings are confirmed in a larger study, rituximab, which targets CD20, and denileukin diftitox (ONTAK), which targets CD25, should be considered for future clinical trials for orbital inflammatory syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V H Ho
- Section of Ophthalmology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dinh TA, Benoit MF. Human papillomavirus vaccine: progress and the future. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:479-85. [PMID: 17373899 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.4.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A vaccine to prevent infection by human papillomavirus is available in the US. This article reviews the biology of human papillomavirus that allows for the development of both therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines. Issues that may delay the acceptance of the vaccine are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tri A Dinh
- The Methodist Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 6550 Fannin, Suite 901, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Exosomes are nanometer sized membrane vesicles invaginating from multivesicular bodies and secreted from epithelial and hematopoietic cells. They were first described "in vitro" but vesicles with the hallmarks of exosomes are present in vivo in germinal centers and biological fluids. Their protein and lipid composition are unique and could account for their expanding functions such as eradication of obsolete proteins, antigen presentation or "Trojan horses" for viruses or prions. Exosome secretion could be a regulated process participating in the transfer of molecules inbetween immune cells. Despite numerous questions pertaining to their biological relevance, the potential of dendritic cell derived-exosomes as cell-free cancer vaccines is currently being assessed. This review will summarize the composition and formation of exosomes, preclinical data, Phase I trials and optimization protocols for improving their immunogenicity in tumor bearing patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Mignot
- U805 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud - Université Paris XI, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hossain A, Nixon M, Kuo MT, Saunders GF. N-terminally truncated WT1 protein with oncogenic properties overexpressed in leukemia. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:28122-30. [PMID: 16698800 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512391200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
WT1 was originally identified as an inactivated gene in Wilms tumor, a childhood kidney cancer. Alternative splicing of the WT1 transcript generates four major protein isoforms, each having different functional properties. Here we characterized a short transcript originating from a second promoter located within intron 1 of WT1. This 2.3-kb sWT1 transcript encodes a protein of approximately 35-37 kDa that retains intact DNA-binding and transactivation domains but lacks the 147 amino acids at the N terminus required for transcriptional repression. We found sWT1 to be a more potent transcriptional activator than WT1 for cyclin E and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor promoters, which are normally repressed by WT1. The expression patterns of the sWT1 and WT1 transcripts differed slightly in various organs; we found sWT1 protein in tissue samples from adult testis and fetal kidney, with low-level expression in adult kidney as well. The sWT1 transcript, but not the full-length transcript, was over-expressed in the leukemia samples tested. sWT1-specific small interfering RNA retarded the proliferation of leukemia cell line K562 in vitro. Finally, sWT1 cooperated with Ras in transforming primary fibroblasts in vitro. Further studies are needed to clarify the oncogenic behavior of this isoform and to determine the mechanism underlying its up-regulation in leukemia and other forms of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77054, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Majhen D, Ambriović-Ristov A. Adenoviral vectors--how to use them in cancer gene therapy? Virus Res 2006; 119:121-33. [PMID: 16533542 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is most often described as a technique for introducing the foreign genetic material into cells with a correction of a dysfunctional gene as its final goal. Today, it is well known that cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Besides classical methods for cancer treatment new strategies against cancer are needed. Although originally being designed as a treatment for monogenetic illness, soon after, gene therapy appeared as a potential new strategy in cancer therapy. One of the widely used vectors for cancer gene therapy is adenovirus. In this review we have described molecular biology of adenoviruses and basis for construction of adenoviral vectors. We have also described concepts for cancer gene therapy including their in vitro and in vivo application. Special attention is drawn toward retargeting of adenovirus as a new approach in vector design for cancer gene therapy, in order to restrict transgene expression in tumor tissue. This approach uses biophysical as well as genetic characteristics of tumor itself and its supporting tissue, allowing new "bypass" in cancer gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dragomira Majhen
- Laboratory for Genotoxic Agents, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
This review summarizes clinical experience with infectious disease vaccines and data from animal tumor models that support a paradigm shift for cancer vaccines from therapeutic to prevention applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R E Sobol
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Introgen Therapeutics Inc., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Haas AR, Sun J, Vachani A, Wallace AF, Silverberg M, Kapoor V, Albelda SM. Cycloxygenase-2 inhibition augments the efficacy of a cancer vaccine. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:214-22. [PMID: 16397045 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its product, prostaglandin E2, exert strong immunoinhibitory effects that block dendritic cell function and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation and function. We have shown previously that the addition of an oral COX-2 inhibitor to immunogene therapy using IFN-beta markedly augmented therapeutic efficacy in murine tumor models. In this study, we hypothesized that COX-2 inhibition might also augment an antitumor vaccination strategy. Mice bearing tumors derived from TC1 cells, a tumor line that expresses the human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein, were thus vaccinated with an adenoviral vector expressing HPV E7 protein (Ad.E7). This vaccine approach effectively generated E7-specific CD8+ cells and slowed the growth of small tumors but had little effect on large tumors. However, feeding mice with the COX-2 inhibitor, rofecoxib, restored the effectiveness of the vaccine against large tumors and prolonged survival. This effect was accompanied by a larger percentage of E7-specific CD8+ cells in the regional draining lymph nodes and a markedly increased number of tumor-infiltrating E7-specific CD8+ cells (as determined by flow cytometry) and total CD8+ T cells (as determined by immunohistochemical staining). Increased immunocyte trafficking was likely mediated by the generation of a Th1-type tumor microenvironment because COX-2 inhibition increased expression levels of mRNA for IFN-gamma, interleukin-12, IP-10, and MIG while lowering the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor within tumors. This study shows that the effectiveness of a cancer vaccine can be significantly improved by adding COX-2 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Haas
- Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|