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Wagner GE, Stanjek TFP, Albrecht D, Lipp M, Dunachie SJ, Föderl-Höbenreich E, Riedel K, Kohler A, Steinmetz I, Kohler C. Deciphering the human antibody response against Burkholderia pseudomallei during melioidosis using a comprehensive immunoproteome approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294113. [PMID: 38146371 PMCID: PMC10749318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei causes the often fatal and massively underreported infectious disease melioidosis. Antigens inducing protective immunity in experimental models have recently been identified and serodiagnostic tools have been improved. However, further elucidation of the antigenic repertoire of B. pseudomallei during human infection for diagnostic and vaccine purposes is required. The adaptation of B. pseudomallei to very different habitats is reflected by a huge genome and a selective transcriptional response to a variety of conditions. We, therefore, hypothesized that exposure of B. pseudomallei to culture conditions mimicking habitats encountered in the human host might unravel novel antigens that are recognized by melioidosis patients. Methods and results In this study, B. pseudomallei was exposed to various stress and growth conditions, including anaerobiosis, acid stress, oxidative stress, iron starvation and osmotic stress. Immunogenic proteins were identified by probing two-dimensional Western blots of B. pseudomallei intracellular and extracellular protein extracts with sera from melioidosis patients and controls and subsequent MALDI-TOF MS. Among B. pseudomallei specific immunogenic signals, 90 % (55/61) of extracellular immunogenic proteins were identified by acid, osmotic or oxidative stress. A total of 84 % (44/52) of intracellular antigens originated from the stationary growth phase, acidic, oxidative and anaerobic conditions. The majority of the extracellular and intracellular protein antigens were identified in only one of the various stress conditions. Sixty-three immunoreactive proteins and an additional 38 candidates from a literature screening were heterologously expressed and subjected to dot blot analysis using melioidosis sera and controls. Our experiments confirmed melioidosis-specific signals in 58 of our immunoproteome candidates. These include 15 antigens with average signal ratios (melioidosis:controls) greater than 10 and another 26 with average ratios greater than 5, including new promising serodiagnostic candidates with a very high signal-to-noise ratio. Conclusion Our study shows that a comprehensive B. pseudomallei immunoproteomics approach, using conditions which are likely to be encountered during infection, can identify novel antibody targets previously unrecognized in human melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E. Wagner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Dirk Albrecht
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michaela Lipp
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine (NDM) Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Esther Föderl-Höbenreich
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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Settles EW, Sonderegger D, Shannon AB, Celona KR, Lederer R, Yi J, Seavey C, Headley K, Mbegbu M, Harvey M, Keener M, Allender C, Hornstra H, Monroy FP, Woerle C, Theobald V, Mayo M, Currie BJ, Keim P. Development and evaluation of a multiplex serodiagnostic bead assay (BurkPx) for accurate melioidosis diagnosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011072. [PMID: 36753506 PMCID: PMC9907819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative soil bacterium well recognized in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. However, wider and expanding global distribution of B. pseudomallei has been elucidated. Early diagnosis is critical for commencing the specific therapy required to optimize outcome. Serological testing using the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) antibody assay has long been used to augment diagnosis of melioidosis and to monitor progress. However, cross reactivity and prior exposure may complicate the diagnosis of current clinical disease (melioidosis). The goal of our study was to develop and initially evaluate a serology assay (BurkPx) that capitalized upon host response to multiple antigens. Antigens were selected from previous studies for expression/purification and conjugation to microspheres for multiantigen analysis. Selected serum samples from non-melioidosis controls and serial samples from culture-confirmed melioidosis patients were used to characterize the diagnostic power of individual and combined antigens at two times post admission. Multiple variable models were developed to evaluate multivariate antigen reactivity, identify important antigens, and determine sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of melioidosis. The final multiplex assay had a diagnostic sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 93%, which was superior to any single antigen in side-by-side comparisons. The sensitivity of the assay started at >85% for the initial serum sample after admission and increased to 94% 21 days later. Weighting antigen contribution to each model indicated that certain antigen contributed to diagnosis more than others, which suggests that the number of antigens in the assay can be decreased. In summation, the BurkPx assay can facilitate the diagnosis of melioidosis and potentially improve on currently available serology assays. Further evaluation is now required in both melioidosis-endemic and non-endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W. Settles
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Derek Sonderegger
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Austin B. Shannon
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kimberly R. Celona
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rachel Lederer
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jinhee Yi
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Courtney Seavey
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kyle Headley
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mimi Mbegbu
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Maxx Harvey
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mitch Keener
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Chris Allender
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Heidie Hornstra
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Fernando P. Monroy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Celeste Woerle
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Vanessa Theobald
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Mark Mayo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Bart J. Currie
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department and Northern Territory Medical Program, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Paul Keim
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sousa SA, Seixas AMM, Marques JMM, Leitão JH. Immunization and Immunotherapy Approaches against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia Complex Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060670. [PMID: 34207253 PMCID: PMC8234409 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections caused by the opportunist pathogens Burkholderia cepacia complex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are of particular concern due to their severity, their multiple antibiotic resistance, and the limited eradication efficiency of the current available treatments. New therapeutic options have been pursued, being vaccination strategies to prevent or limit these infections as a rational approach to tackle these infections. In this review, immunization and immunotherapy approaches currently available and under study against these bacterial pathogens is reviewed. Ongoing active and passive immunization clinical trials against P. aeruginosa infections is also reviewed. Novel identified bacterial targets and their possible exploitation for the development of immunization and immunotherapy strategies against P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia complex and infections are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia A. Sousa
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.A.S.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +351-218417688 (J.H.L.)
| | - António M. M. Seixas
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana M. M. Marques
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.)
| | - Jorge H. Leitão
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.A.S.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +351-218417688 (J.H.L.)
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Tang T, Chen G, Guo A, Xu Y, Zhao L, Wang M, Lu C, Jiang Y, Zhang C. Comparative proteomic and genomic analyses of Brucella abortus biofilm and planktonic cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:731-743. [PMID: 31974592 PMCID: PMC6947884 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the differences in protein and gene expression of Brucella abortus cultured under biofilm and planktonic conditions. The proteins unique to biofilms and planktonic B. abortus were separated by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and then identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-tandem time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS). High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed genes between B. abortus cultured under biofilm and planktonic conditions. The proteins and genes identified by proteomic and genomic analyses were further evaluated via western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses. 2-D electrophoresis identified 20 differentially expressed protein spots between biofilms and planktonic cells, which corresponded to 18 individual proteins (12 downregulated and 6 upregulated) after MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis, including elongation factor Tu and enolase. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that all of the 18 genes were downregulated in biofilms compared with planktonic cells. Western blot analysis identified 9 downregulated and 3 upregulated proteins. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analyses identified 14 function and pathway-associated genes (e.g., BAbS19_I14970). RT-qPCR analysis of the 14 genes showed that they were upregulated in biofilm compared with in planktonic state. In conclusion, these differentially expressed genes may play important roles in bacterial defense, colonization, invasion, and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Division of Animal and Plant Quarantine Supervision, Suzhou Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P.R. China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Jiangsu Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, P.R. China
| | - Linli Zhao
- The Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Inner Mongolia Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Mengrui Wang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Jiangsu Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, P.R. China
| | - Chengping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Jiangsu Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, P.R. China
| | - Changyin Zhang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Jiangsu Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, P.R. China
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5
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Morici L, Torres AG, Titball RW. Novel multi-component vaccine approaches for Burkholderia pseudomallei. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:178-188. [PMID: 30963550 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. Historically believed to be a relatively rare human disease in tropical countries, a recent study estimated that, worldwide, there are approximately 165 000 human melioidosis cases per year, more than half of whom die. The bacterium is inherently resistant to many antibiotics and treatment of the disease is often protracted and ineffective. There is no licensed vaccine against melioidosis, but a vaccine is predicted to be of value if used in high-risk populations. There has been progress over the last decade in the pursuit of an effective vaccine against melioidosis. Animal models of disease including mouse and non-human primates have been developed, and these models show that antibody responses play a key role in protection against melioidosis. Surprisingly, although B. pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogen there is limited evidence that CD8+ T cells play a role in protection. It is evident that a multi-component vaccine, incorporating one or more protective antigens, will probably be essential for protection because of the pathogen's sophisticated virulence mechanisms as well as strain heterogeneity. Multi-component vaccines in development include glycoconjugates, multivalent subunit preparations, outer membrane vesicles and other nano/microparticle platforms and live-attenuated or inactivated bacteria. A consistent finding with vaccine candidates tested in mice is the ability to induce sterilizing immunity at low challenge doses and extended time to death at higher challenge doses. Further research to identify ways of eliciting more potent immune responses might provide a path for licensing an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Morici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - R W Titball
- College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Pizarro-Guajardo M, Cristina Ravanal M, Daniela Paez M, Callegari E, Paredes-Sabja D. Identification of Clostridium difficile Immunoreactive Spore Proteins of the Epidemic Strain R20291. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1700182. [PMID: 29573213 PMCID: PMC6370038 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clostridium difficile infections are the leading cause of diarrhea associated with the use of antibiotics. During infection, C. difficile initiates a sporulation cycle leading to the persistence of C. difficile spores in the host and disease dissemination. The development of vaccine and passive immunization therapies against C. difficile has focused on toxins A and B. In this study, an immunoproteome-based approach to identify immunogenic proteins located on the outer layers of C. difficile spores as potential candidates for the development of immunotherapy and/or diagnostic methods against this devastating infection is used. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To identify potential immunogenic proteins on the surface of C. difficile R20291, spore coat/exosporium extracts are separated by 2D electrophoresis (2-DE) and analyzed for reactivity against C. difficile spore-specific goat sera. Finally, the selected spots are in-gel digested with chymotrypsin, peptides generated are separated by nanoUPLC followed by MS/MS using Quad-TOF-MS, corroborated by Ultimate 3000RS-nano-UHPLC coupled to Q-Exactive-Plus-Orbitrap MS. RESULTS The analysis identify five immunoreactive proteins: spore coat proteins CotE, CotA, and CotCB; exosporium protein CdeC; and a cytosolic methyltransferase. CONCLUSION This data provides a list of spore surface protein candidates as antigens for vaccine development against C. difficile infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Pizarro-Guajardo
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Cristina Ravanal
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICYTAL), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria Daniela Paez
- BRIN-USDSSOM Proteomics Facility, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Eduardo Callegari
- BRIN-USDSSOM Proteomics Facility, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Daniel Paredes-Sabja
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Postgenomic Approaches and Bioinformatics Tools to Advance the Development of Vaccines against Bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6020034. [PMID: 29890657 PMCID: PMC6027386 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality among patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. Eradication of these pathogens by antimicrobial therapy often fails, highlighting the need to develop novel strategies to eradicate infections. Vaccines are attractive since they can confer protection to particularly vulnerable patients, as is the case of cystic fibrosis patients. Several studies have identified specific virulence factors and proteins as potential subunit vaccine candidates. So far, no vaccine is available to protect from Bcc infections. In the present work, we review the most promising postgenomic approaches and selected web tools available to speed up the identification of immunogenic proteins with the potential of conferring protection against Bcc infections.
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Use of Reverse Vaccinology in the Design and Construction of Nanoglycoconjugate Vaccines against Burkholderia pseudomallei. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017; 24:CVI.00206-17. [PMID: 28903988 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00206-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the disease melioidosis in humans and other mammals. Respiratory infection with B. pseudomallei leads to a fulminant and often fatal disease. It has previously been shown that glycoconjugate vaccines can provide significant protection against lethal challenge; however, the limited number of known Burkholderia antigens has slowed progress toward vaccine development. The objective of this study was to identify novel antigens and evaluate their protective capacity when incorporated into a nanoglycoconjugate vaccine platform. First, an in silico approach to identify antigens with strong predicted immunogenicity was developed. Protein candidates were screened and ranked according to predicted subcellular localization, transmembrane domains, adhesive properties, and ability to interact with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II. From these in silico predictions, we identified seven "high priority" proteins that demonstrated seroreactivity with anti-B. pseudomallei murine sera and convalescent human melioidosis sera, providing validation of our methods. Two novel proteins, together with Hcp1, were linked to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and incorporated with the surface of a gold nanoparticle (AuNP). Animals receiving AuNP glycoconjugate vaccines generated high protein- and polysaccharide-specific antibody titers. Importantly, immunized animals receiving the AuNP-FlgL-LPS alone or as a combination demonstrated up to 100% survival and reduced lung colonization following a lethal challenge with B. pseudomallei Together, this study provides a rational approach to vaccine design that can be adapted for other complex pathogens and provides a rationale for further preclinical testing of AuNP glycoconjugate in animal models of infection.
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9
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Identification of a new diagnostic antigen for glanders using immunoproteome analysis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 53:26-32. [PMID: 28750864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glanders is a disease of horses, donkeys and mules. The causative agent Burkholderia mallei, is a biorisk group 3 pathogen and is also a biothreat agent. Simple and rapid diagnostic tool is essential for control of glanders. Using a proteomic approach and immunoblotting with equine sera, we identified 12 protein antigens that may have diagnostic potential. Various immunoreactive proteins e.g. GroEL, translation elongation factor Tu, elongation factor Ts, arginine deiminase, malate dehydrogenase, DNA directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha were identified on 2-dimentional immunoblots. One of these proteins, GroEL, was cloned and expressed in E. coli and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The recombinant GroEL protein was evaluated in ELISA format on a panel of glanders positive (n=49) and negative (n=79) equine serum samples to determine its diagnostic potential. The developed ELISA had a sensitivity and specificity of 96 and 98.7% respectively. The results of this study highlight the potential of GroEL in serodiagnosis of glanders.
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Jitprasutwit N, Zainal-Abidin N, Vander Broek C, Kurian D, Korbsrisate S, Stevens MP, Stevens JM. Identification of Candidate Host Cell Factors Required for Actin-Based Motility of Burkholderia pseudomallei. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4675-4685. [PMID: 27934296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular actin-based motility of the melioidosis pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei requires the bacterial factor BimA. Located at one pole of the bacterium, BimA recruits and polymerizes cellular actin to promote bacterial motility within and between cells. Here, we describe an affinity approach coupled with mass spectrometry to identify cellular proteins recruited to BimA-expressing bacteria under conditions that promote actin polymerization. We identified a group of cellular proteins that are recruited to the B. pseudomallei surface in a BimA-dependent manner, a subset of which were independently validated with specific antisera including the ubiquitous scaffold protein Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (IQGAP1). IQGAP1 integrates several key cellular signaling pathways including those involved in actin dynamics and has been shown to be involved in the adhesion of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli to infected cells and invasion of host cells by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Although a direct interaction between BimA and IQGAP1 could not be detected using either conventional pulldown or yeast two hybrid techniques, confocal microscopy revealed that IQGAP1 is recruited to B. pseudomallei actin tails in infected cells, and siRNA-mediated knockdown highlighted a role for this protein in controlling the length and actin density of B. pseudomallei actin tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niramol Jitprasutwit
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, 73170 Thailand
| | - Nurhamimah Zainal-Abidin
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Vander Broek
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Sunee Korbsrisate
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, 73170 Thailand
| | - Mark P Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne M Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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11
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Mirzaei R, Saei A, Torkashvand F, Azarian B, Jalili A, Noorbakhsh F, Vaziri B, Hadjati J. Identification of proteins derived from Listeria monocytogenes inducing human dendritic cell maturation. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10893-907. [PMID: 26886282 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that can promote antitumor immunity when pulsed with tumor antigens and then matured by stimulatory agents. Despite apparent progress in DC-based cancer immunotherapy, some discrepancies were reported in generating potent DCs. Listeria monocytogenes as an intracellular microorganism is able to effectively activate DCs through engaging pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). This study aimed to find the most potent components derived from L. monocytogenes inducing DC maturation. The preliminary results demonstrated that the ability of protein components is higher than DNA components to promote DC maturation and activation. Protein lysate fractionation demonstrated that fraction 2 HIC (obtained by hydrophobic interaction chromatography) was able to efficiently mature DCs. F2HIC-matured DCs are able to induce allogeneic CD8(+) T cells proliferation better than LPS-matured DCs and induce IFN-γ producing CD8(+) T cells. Mass spectrometry results showed that F2HIC contains 109 proteins. Based on the bioinformatics analysis for these 109 proteins, elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) could be considered as a PRR ligand for stimulating DC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mirzaei
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azad Saei
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Torkashvand
- Protein Chemistry Unit, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Azarian
- Protein Chemistry Unit, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jalili
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vaziri
- Protein Chemistry Unit, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Avenue, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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da Costa JP, Carvalhais V, Ferreira R, Amado F, Vilanova M, Cerca N, Vitorino R. Proteome signatures—how are they obtained and what do they teach us? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Vander Broek CW, Chalmers KJ, Stevens MP, Stevens JM. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Burkholderia pseudomallei Bsa type III secretion system effectors using hypersecreting mutants. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:905-16. [PMID: 25635268 PMCID: PMC4390269 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.044875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe disease of humans and animals. One of the virulence factors critical for early stages of infection is the Burkholderia secretion apparatus (Bsa) Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS), a molecular syringe that injects bacterial proteins, called effectors, into eukaryotic cells where they subvert cellular functions to the benefit of the bacteria. Although the Bsa T3SS itself is known to be important for invasion, intracellular replication, and virulence, only a few genuine effector proteins have been identified and the complete repertoire of proteins secreted by the system has not yet been fully characterized. We constructed a mutant lacking bsaP, a homolog of the T3SS "gatekeeper" family of proteins that exert control over the timing and magnitude of effector protein secretion. Mutants lacking BsaP, or the T3SS translocon protein BipD, were observed to hypersecrete the known Bsa effector protein BopE, providing evidence of their role in post-translational control of the Bsa T3SS and representing key reagents for the identification of its secreted substrates. Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ), a gel-free quantitative proteomics technique, was used to compare the secreted protein profiles of the Bsa T3SS hypersecreting mutants of B. pseudomallei with the isogenic parent strain and a bsaZ mutant incapable of effector protein secretion. Our study provides one of the most comprehensive core secretomes of B. pseudomallei described to date and identified 26 putative Bsa-dependent secreted proteins that may be considered candidate effectors. Two of these proteins, BprD and BapA, were validated as novel effector proteins secreted by the Bsa T3SS of B. pseudomallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Vander Broek
- From the ‡The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Kevin J Chalmers
- §Dundee Cell Products, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee, DD1 5JJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark P Stevens
- From the ‡The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Joanne M Stevens
- From the ‡The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK.;
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14
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Kamath KS, Kumar SS, Kaur J, Venkatakrishnan V, Paulsen IT, Nevalainen H, Molloy MP. Proteomics of hosts and pathogens in cystic fibrosis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:134-46. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheemal Shanista Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Jashanpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | | | - Ian T. Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Helena Nevalainen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Mark P. Molloy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
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15
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Al-Maleki AR, Mariappan V, Vellasamy KM, Shankar EM, Tay ST, Vadivelu J. Enhanced intracellular survival and epithelial cell adherence abilities of Burkholderia pseudomallei morphotypes are dependent on differential expression of virulence-associated proteins during mid-logarithmic growth phase. J Proteomics 2014; 106:205-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Kato G, Sakai T, Suzuki K, Yamaguchi K, Takano T, Matsuyama T, Nakayasu C. Antigenic proteins of Flavobacterium psychrophilum recognized by ayu Plecoglossus altivelis antisera. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 108:103-112. [PMID: 24553416 DOI: 10.3354/dao02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis and is responsible for substantial economic losses in ayu culture in Japan. To develop effective vaccines for the disease, we identified antigenic proteins of F. psychrophilum using immunoglobulin from ayu that had recovered from BCWD. The whole protein extracted from the bacterium was separated using 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. Subsequently, antigenic proteins of the bacterium were detected using western blotting and ayu antisera against F. psychrophilum. Each protein spot showing antigenicity was subjected to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis using a MALDI-QIT-TOF mass spectrometer. Protein identification based on the MS/MS data was performed using the genome database for F. psychrophilum JIP02/86, and the subcellular localization for each identified protein was predicted with web-based tools (LipoP and PSORTb). In total, 62 antigenic proteins were identified: of these, 46 were putative cytoplasmic proteins (e.g. elongation factor Tu and heat shock protein 90). The remaining 21 proteins were identified as putative membrane-bound or secreted proteins and are potential vaccine candidates. These proteins include OmpA, Omp 121, M13 family metallopeptidase, and M48 family metalloprotease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goshi Kato
- Tamaki Laboratory, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Tamaki, Mie 519-0423, Japan
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17
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Shinoy M, Dennehy R, Coleman L, Carberry S, Schaffer K, Callaghan M, Doyle S, McClean S. Immunoproteomic analysis of proteins expressed by two related pathogens, Burkholderia multivorans and Burkholderia cenocepacia, during human infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80796. [PMID: 24260482 PMCID: PMC3829912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes chronic infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). It is a highly antibiotic resistant organism and Bcc infections are rarely cleared from patients, once they are colonized. The two most clinically relevant species within Bcc are Burkholderia cenocepacia and Burkholderia multivorans. The virulence of these pathogens has not been fully elucidated and the virulence proteins expressed during human infection have not been identified to date. Furthermore, given its antibiotic resistance, prevention of infection with a prophylactic vaccine may represent a better alternative than eradication of an existing infection. We have compared the immunoproteome of two strains each from these two species of Bcc, with the aim of identifying immunogenic proteins which are common to both species. Fourteen immunoreactive proteins were exclusive to both B. cenocepacia strains, while 15 were exclusive to B. multivorans. A total of 15 proteins were immunogenic across both species. DNA-directed RNA polymerase, GroEL, 38kDa porin and elongation factor-Tu were immunoreactive proteins expressed by all four strains examined. Many proteins which were immunoreactive in both species, warrant further investigations in order to aid in the elucidation of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this difficult organism. In addition, identification of some of these could also allow the development of protective vaccines which may prevent colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Shinoy
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ruth Dennehy
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Coleman
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Carberry
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kirsten Schaffer
- Department of Microbiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Máire Callaghan
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Siobhán McClean
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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18
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Dennehy R, McClean S. Immunoproteomics: the key to discovery of new vaccine antigens against bacterial respiratory infections. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2013; 13:807-15. [PMID: 23305366 PMCID: PMC3594738 DOI: 10.2174/138920312804871184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance and the shortage of new antimicrobials to prevent difficult bacterial infections underlines the importance of prophylactic therapies to prevent infection by bacterial pathogens. Vaccination has reduced the incidence of many serious diseases, including respiratory bacterial infections. However, there are many pathogens for which no vaccine is available and some vaccines are not effective among all age groups or among immunocompromised individuals. Immunoproteomics is a powerful technique which has been used to identify potential vaccine candidates to protect against pathogenic bacteria. The combination of proteomics with the detection of immunoreactive antigens using serum highlights immunogenic proteins that are expressed during infection. This is particularly useful when patient serum is used as the antigens that promote a humoral response during human infection are identified. This review outlines examples of vaccine candidates that have been identified using immunoproteomics and have successfully protected animals against challenge when tested in immunisation studies. Many immunoreactive proteins are common to several unrelated pathogens, however some of these are not always protective in animal immunisation and challenge studies. Furthermore, examples of well-established immunogens, including Bordetella pertussis antigen FHA were not detected in immunoproteomics studies, indicating that this technology may underrepresent the immunoreactive proteins in a pathogen. Although only one step in the pathway towards an efficacious approved vaccine, immunoproteomics is an important technology in the identification of novel vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dennehy
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, Centre of Applied Science for Health, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Old Blessington Road, Dublin 24, Ireland
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19
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Silva EB, Dow SW. Development of Burkholderia mallei and pseudomallei vaccines. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:10. [PMID: 23508691 PMCID: PMC3598006 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei are Gram-negative bacteria that cause glanders and melioidosis, respectively. Inhalational infection with either organism can result in severe and rapidly fatal pneumonia. Inoculation by the oral and cutaneous routes can also produce infection. Chronic infection may develop after recovery from acute infection with both agents, and control of infection with antibiotics requires prolonged treatment. Symptoms for both meliodosis and glanders are non-specific, making diagnosis difficult. B. pseudomallei can be located in the environment, but in the host, B. mallei and B. psedomallei are intracellular organisms, and infection results in similar immune responses to both agents. Effective early innate immune responses are critical to controlling the early phase of the infection. Innate immune signaling molecules such as TLR, NOD, MyD88, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α play key roles in regulating control of infection. Neutrophils and monocytes are critical cells in the early infection for both microorganisms. Both monocytes and macrophages are necessary for limiting dissemination of B. pseudomallei. In contrast, the role of adaptive immune responses in controlling Burkholderia infection is less well understood. However, T cell responses are critical for vaccine protection from Burkholderia infection. At present, effective vaccines for prevention of glanders or meliodosis have not been developed, although recently development of Burkholderia vaccines has received renewed attention. This review will summarize current and past approaches to develop B. mallei and B. pseudomalllei vaccines, with emphasis on immune mechanisms of protection and the challenges facing the field. At present, immunization with live attenuated bacteria provides the most effective and durable immunity, and it is important therefore to understand the immune correlates of protection induced by live attenuated vaccines. Subunit vaccines have typically provided less robust immunity, but are safer to administer to a wider variety of people, including immune compromised individuals because they do not reactivate or cause disease. The challenges facing B. mallei and B. pseudomalllei vaccine development include identification of broadly protective antigens, design of efficient vaccine delivery and adjuvant systems, and a better understanding of the correlates of protection from both acute and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ediane B Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Regional Center of Excellence in Emerging Diseases and Bioterrorism, Colorado State University Ft. Collins, CO, USA
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20
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Cruz A, Hautbergue GM, Artymiuk PJ, Baker PJ, Bokori-Brown M, Chang CT, Dickman MJ, Essex-Lopresti A, Harding SV, Mahadi NM, Marshall LE, Mobbs GW, Mohamed R, Nathan S, Ngugi SA, Ong C, Ooi WF, Partridge LJ, Phillips HL, Raih MF, Ruzhenikov S, Sarkar-Tyson M, Sedelnikova SE, Smither SJ, Tan P, Titball RW, Wilson SA, Rice DW. A Burkholderia pseudomallei toxin inhibits helicase activity of translation factor eIF4A. Science 2011; 334:821-4. [PMID: 22076380 PMCID: PMC3364511 DOI: 10.1126/science.1211915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The structure of BPSL1549, a protein of unknown function from Burkholderia pseudomallei, reveals a similarity to Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1. We found that BPSL1549 acted as a potent cytotoxin against eukaryotic cells and was lethal when administered to mice. Expression levels of bpsl1549 correlate with conditions expected to promote or suppress pathogenicity. BPSL1549 promotes deamidation of glutamine-339 of the translation initiation factor eIF4A, abolishing its helicase activity and inhibiting translation. We propose to name BPSL1549 Burkholderia lethal factor 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimael Cruz
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Guillaume M. Hautbergue
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Peter J. Artymiuk
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Patrick J. Baker
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Monika Bokori-Brown
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon UK, EX4 4QD
| | - Chung-Te Chang
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark J. Dickman
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, The Sheffield Bioincubator, 40 Leavygreave Road, Sheffield, S3 7RD
| | - Angela Essex-Lopresti
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 OJQ, UK
| | - Sarah V. Harding
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 OJQ, UK
| | | | - Laura E. Marshall
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 OJQ, UK
| | - George W. Mobbs
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Rahmah Mohamed
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Sheila Nathan
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Sarah A. Ngugi
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 OJQ, UK
| | - Catherine Ong
- Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, 117510, Singapore
| | - Wen Fong Ooi
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Lynda J. Partridge
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Helen L. Phillips
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, The Sheffield Bioincubator, 40 Leavygreave Road, Sheffield, S3 7RD
| | - M. Firdaus Raih
- School of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Sergei Ruzhenikov
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mitali Sarkar-Tyson
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 OJQ, UK
| | - Svetlana E. Sedelnikova
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sophie J. Smither
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 OJQ, UK
| | - Patrick Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Richard W. Titball
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon UK, EX4 4QD
| | - Stuart A. Wilson
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - David W. Rice
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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21
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Nieves W, Asakrah S, Qazi O, Brown KA, Kurtz J, Aucoin DP, McLachlan JB, Roy CJ, Morici LA. A naturally derived outer-membrane vesicle vaccine protects against lethal pulmonary Burkholderia pseudomallei infection. Vaccine 2011; 29:8381-9. [PMID: 21871517 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei, and other members of the Burkholderia, are among the most antibiotic-resistant bacterial species encountered in human infection. Mortality rates associated with severe B. pseudomallei infection approach 50% despite therapeutic treatment. A protective vaccine against B. pseudomallei would dramatically reduce morbidity and mortality in endemic areas and provide a safeguard for the U.S. and other countries against biological attack with this organism. In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of B. pseudomallei-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Vesicles are produced by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and contain many of the bacterial products recognized by the host immune system during infection. We demonstrate that subcutaneous (SC) immunization with OMVs provides significant protection against an otherwise lethal B. pseudomallei aerosol challenge in BALB/c mice. Mice immunized with B. pseudomallei OMVs displayed OMV-specific serum antibody and T-cell memory responses. Furthermore, OMV-mediated immunity appears species-specific as cross-reactive antibody and T cells were not generated in mice immunized with Escherichia coli-derived OMVs. These results provide the first compelling evidence that OMVs represent a non-living vaccine formulation that is able to produce protective humoral and cellular immunity against an aerosolized intracellular bacterium. This vaccine platform constitutes a safe and inexpensive immunization strategy against B. pseudomallei that can be exploited for other intracellular respiratory pathogens, including other Burkholderia and bacteria capable of establishing persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wildaliz Nieves
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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22
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Flagellar glycosylation in Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:3577-87. [PMID: 21602339 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01385-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins is known to impart novel physical properties and biological roles to proteins from both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In this study, gel-based glycoproteomics were used to identify glycoproteins of the potential biothreat agent Burkholderia pseudomallei and the closely related but nonpathogenic B. thailandensis. Top-down and bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS) analyses identified that the flagellin proteins of both species were posttranslationally modified by novel glycans. Analysis of proteins from two strains of each species demonstrated that B. pseudomallei flagellin proteins were modified with a glycan with a mass of 291 Da, while B. thailandensis flagellin protein was modified with related glycans with a mass of 300 or 342 Da. Structural characterization of the B. thailandensis carbohydrate moiety suggests that it is an acetylated hexuronic acid. In addition, we have identified through mutagenesis a gene from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen biosynthetic cluster which is involved in flagellar glycosylation, and inactivation of this gene eliminates flagellar glycosylation and motility in B. pseudomallei. This is the first report to conclusively demonstrate the presence of a carbohydrate covalently linked to a protein in B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis, and it suggests new avenues to explore in order to examine the marked differences in virulence between these two species.
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Schell MA, Zhao P, Wells L. Outer membrane proteome of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei from diverse growth conditions. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2417-24. [PMID: 21391724 PMCID: PMC4917286 DOI: 10.1021/pr1012398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei are closely related, aerosol-infective human pathogens that cause life-threatening diseases. Biochemical analyses requiring large-scale growth and manipulation at biosafety level 3 under select agent regulations are cumbersome and hazardous. We developed a simple, safe, and rapid method to prepare highly purified outer membrane (OM) fragments from these pathogens. Shotgun proteomic analyses of OMs by trypsin shaving and mass spectrometry identified >155 proteins, the majority of which are clearly outer membrane proteins (OMPs). These included: 13 porins, 4 secretins for virulence factor export, 11 efflux pumps, multiple components of a Type VI secreton, metal transport receptors, polysaccharide exporters, and hypothetical OMPs of unknown function. We also identified 20 OMPs in each pathogen that are abundant under a wide variety of conditions, including in serum and with macrophages, suggesting these are fundamental for growth and survival and may represent prime drug or vaccine targets. Comparison of the OM proteomes of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei showed many similarities but also revealed a few differences, perhaps reflecting evolution of B. mallei away from environmental survival toward host-adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Schell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
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24
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Plant KP, Lapatra SE, Call DR, Cain KD. Immunization of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with Flavobacterium psychrophilum proteins elongation factor-Tu, SufB Fe-S assembly protein and ATP synthaseβ. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2011; 34:247-250. [PMID: 21306591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K P Plant
- Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Hagerman, ID 83844-1136, USA
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25
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Liu N, Cummings JE, England K, Slayden RA, Tonge PJ. Mechanism and inhibition of the FabI enoyl-ACP reductase from Burkholderia pseudomallei. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:564-73. [PMID: 21393229 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As an initial step in developing novel antibacterials against Burkholderia pseudomallei, we have characterized the FabI enoyl-ACP reductase homologues in the type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway from this organism and performed an initial enzyme inhibition study. METHODS A BLAST analysis identified two FabI enoyl-ACP reductase homologues, bpmFabI-1 and bpmFabI-2, in the B. pseudomallei genome, which were cloned, overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Steady-state kinetics was used to determine the reaction mechanism and the sensitivity of bpmFabI-1 to four diphenyl ether FabI inhibitors. The antibacterial activity of the inhibitors was assessed using a wild-type strain of Burkholderia thailandensis (E264) and an efflux pump mutant (Bt38). RESULTS Consistent with its annotation as an enoyl-ACP reductase, bpmFabI-1 catalysed the NADH-dependent reduction of 2-trans-dodecenoyl-CoA via a sequential Bi Bi mechanism. In contrast, bpmFabI-2 was inactive with all substrates tested and only bpmfabI-1 was transcriptionally active under the growth conditions employed. The sensitivity of bpmFabI-1 to four diphenyl ethers was evaluated and in each case the compounds were slow-onset inhibitors with K(i) values of 0.5-2 nM. In addition, triclosan and PT01 had MIC values of 30 and 70 mg/L for B. pseudomallei as well as a wild-type strain of B. thailandensis (E264), but MIC values of <1 mg/L for the efflux pump mutant Bt38. A reduction in MIC values was also observed for the pump mutant strain with the other diphenyl ethers. CONCLUSIONS Provided that efflux can be circumvented, bpmFabI-1 is a suitable target for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
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26
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Qazi O, Rani M, Gnanam AJ, Cullen TW, Stead CM, Kensing H, McCaul K, Ngugi S, Prior JL, Lipka A, Nagy JM, Whitlock GC, Judy BM, Harding SV, Titball RW, Sidhu SS, Trent MS, Kitto GB, Torres A, Estes DM, Iverson B, Georgiou G, Brown KA. Development of reagents and assays for the detection of pathogenic Burkholderia species. Faraday Discuss 2011; 149:23-36; discussion 63-77. [PMID: 21413172 PMCID: PMC3593192 DOI: 10.1039/c005422b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of the category B biothreat agents Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei in acute infections is critical to ensure that appropriate treatment is administered quickly to reduce an otherwise high probability of mortality (ca. 40% for B. pseudomallei). We are developing assays that can be used in clinical laboratories or security applications for the direct detection of surface-localized and secreted macromolecules produced by these organisms. We present our current medium-throughout approach for target selection and production of Burkholderia macromolecules and describe the generation of a Fab molecule targeted to the B. mallei BimA protein. We also present development of prototype assays for detecting Burkholderia species using anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Qazi
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Mridula Rani
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Annie J. Gnanam
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Thomas W. Cullen
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Christopher M. Stead
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Haley Kensing
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Kate McCaul
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Sarah Ngugi
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Joann L Prior
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Alexandria Lipka
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ; Deceased, UK
| | - Judit M. Nagy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gregory C. Whitlock
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Barbara M. Judy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Sarah V. Harding
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Richard W. Titball
- School of Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sachdev S. Sidhu
- Terence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Biomedical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - M. Stephen Trent
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Barrie Kitto
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Alfredo Torres
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - D. Mark Estes
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Brent Iverson
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Katherine A. Brown
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ; Deceased, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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De Groot AS, Ardito M, Moise L, Gustafson EA, Spero D, Tejada G, Martin W. Immunogenic Consensus Sequence T helper Epitopes for a Pan- Burkholderia Biodefense Vaccine. Immunome Res 2011; 7. [PMID: 25346775 PMCID: PMC4206550 DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biodefense vaccines against Category B bioterror agents Burkholderia pseudomallei (BPM) and Burkholderia mallei (BM) are needed, as they are both easily accessible to terrorists and have strong weaponization potential. Burkholderia cepaciae (BC), a related pathogen, causes chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Since BPM, BM and BC are all intracellular bacteria, they are excellent targets for T cell-based vaccines. However, the sheer volume of available genomic data requires the aid of immunoinformatics for vaccine design. Using EpiMatrix, ClustiMer and EpiAssembler, a set of immunoinformatic vaccine design tools, we screened the 31 available Burkholderia genomes and performed initial tests of our selections that are candidates for an epitope-based multi-pathogen vaccine against Burkholderia species. Results Immunoinformatics analysis of 31 Burkholderia genomes yielded 350,004 9-mer candidate vaccine peptides of which 133,469 had perfect conservation across the 10 BM genomes, 175,722 had perfect conservation across the 11 BPM genomes and 40,813 had perfect conservation across the 10 BC genomes. Further screening with EpiMatrix yielded 54,010 high-scoring Class II epitopes; these were assembled into 2,880 longer highly conserved ‘immunogenic consensus sequence’ T helper epitopes. 100% of the peptides bound to at least one HLA class II allele in vitro, 92.7% bound to at least two alleles, 82.9% to three, and 75.6% of the binding results were consistent with the immunoinformatics analysis. Conclusions Our results show it is possible to rapidly identify promiscuous T helper epitopes conserved across multiple Burkholderia species and test their binding to HLA ligands in vitro. The next step in our process will be to test the epitopes ex vivo using peripheral leukocytes from BC, BPM infected humans and for immunogenicity in human HLA transgenic mice. We expect that this approach will lead to development of a licensable, pan-Burkholderia biodefense vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S De Groot
- EpiVax 146 Clifford St, Providence, RI 02903, USA ; Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington St., Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | - Leonard Moise
- EpiVax 146 Clifford St, Providence, RI 02903, USA ; Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington St., Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Eric A Gustafson
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington St., Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Denice Spero
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington St., Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Gloria Tejada
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington St., Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Vellasamy KM, Mariappan V, Hashim OH, Vadivelu J. Identification of immunoreactive secretory proteins from the stationary phase culture of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:310-20. [PMID: 21254130 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial secreted proteins are known to be involved in virulence and may mediate important host-pathogen interactions. In this study, when the stationary phase culture supernatant of Burkholderia pseudomallei was subjected to 2-DE, 113 protein spots were detected. Fifty-four of the secreted proteins, which included metabolic enzymes, transcription/translation regulators, potential virulence factors, chaperones, transport regulators, and hypothetical proteins, were identified using MS and database search. Twelve of these proteins were apparently reactive to antisera of mice that were immunised with B. pseudomallei secreted proteins. These proteins might be excellent candidates to be used as diagnostic markers or putative candidate vaccines against B. pseudomallei infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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29
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Nieves W, Heang J, Asakrah S, Höner zu Bentrup K, Roy CJ, Morici LA. Immunospecific responses to bacterial elongation factor Tu during Burkholderia infection and immunization. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14361. [PMID: 21179405 PMCID: PMC3003680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiological agent of melioidosis, a disease endemic in parts of Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Currently there is no licensed vaccine against infection with this biological threat agent. In this study, we employed an immunoproteomic approach and identified bacterial Elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) as a potential vaccine antigen. EF-Tu is membrane-associated, secreted in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and immunogenic during Burkholderia infection in the murine model of melioidosis. Active immunization with EF-Tu induced antigen-specific antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. Mucosal immunization with EF-Tu also reduced lung bacterial loads in mice challenged with aerosolized B. thailandensis. Our data support the utility of EF-Tu as a novel vaccine immunogen against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wildaliz Nieves
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Julie Heang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Saja Asakrah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kerstin Höner zu Bentrup
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Chad J. Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Morici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ramasamy S, Liu CQ, Tran H, Gubala A, Gauci P, McAllister J, Vo T. Principles of antidote pharmacology: an update on prophylaxis, post-exposure treatment recommendations and research initiatives for biological agents. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161:721-48. [PMID: 20860656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biological agents has generally been confined to military-led conflicts. However, there has been an increase in non-state-based terrorism, including the use of asymmetric warfare, such as biological agents in the past few decades. Thus, it is becoming increasingly important to consider strategies for preventing and preparing for attacks by insurgents, such as the development of pre- and post-exposure medical countermeasures. There are a wide range of prophylactics and treatments being investigated to combat the effects of biological agents. These include antibiotics (for both conventional and unconventional use), antibodies, anti-virals, immunomodulators, nucleic acids (analogues, antisense, ribozymes and DNAzymes), bacteriophage therapy and micro-encapsulation. While vaccines are commercially available for the prevention of anthrax, cholera, plague, Q fever and smallpox, there are no licensed vaccines available for use in the case of botulinum toxins, viral encephalitis, melioidosis or ricin. Antibiotics are still recommended as the mainstay treatment following exposure to anthrax, plague, Q fever and melioidosis. Anti-toxin therapy and anti-virals may be used in the case of botulinum toxins or smallpox respectively. However, supportive care is the only, or mainstay, post-exposure treatment for cholera, viral encephalitis and ricin - a recommendation that has not changed in decades. Indeed, with the difficulty that antibiotic resistance poses, the development and further evaluation of techniques and atypical pharmaceuticals are fundamental to the development of prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment options. The aim of this review is to present an update on prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment recommendations and research initiatives for biological agents in the open literature from 2007 to 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramasamy
- Defence Science & Technology Organisation, Human Protection and Performance Division, Fishermans Bend, Vic., Australia.
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31
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Sarkar-Tyson M, Titball RW. Progress toward development of vaccines against melioidosis: A review. Clin Ther 2010; 32:1437-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Surface-associated proteins play a key role in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis and are the major targets for vaccine development. Recent advances in defining the proteins associated with, and protruding out of, bacterial cells to a high level of accuracy are substantially contributing to accelerating the process of vaccine target identification and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Grandi
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena Italy
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Hempel K, Pané-Farré J, Otto A, Sievers S, Hecker M, Becher D. Quantitative Cell Surface Proteome Profiling for SigB-Dependent Protein Expression in the Human Pathogen Staphylococcus aureus via Biotinylation Approach. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1579-90. [DOI: 10.1021/pr901143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Hempel
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Pané-Farré
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanne Sievers
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Lazar Adler NR, Govan B, Cullinane M, Harper M, Adler B, Boyce JD. The molecular and cellular basis of pathogenesis in melioidosis: how does Burkholderia pseudomallei cause disease? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2009; 33:1079-99. [PMID: 19732156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis, a febrile illness with disease states ranging from acute pneumonia or septicaemia to chronic abscesses, was first documented by Whitmore & Krishnaswami (1912). The causative agent, Burkholderia pseudomallei, was subsequently identified as a motile, gram-negative bacillus, which is principally an environmental saprophyte. Melioidosis has become an increasingly important disease in endemic areas such as northern Thailand and Australia (Currie et al., 2000). This health burden, plus the classification of B. pseudomallei as a category B biological agent (Rotz et al., 2002), has resulted in an escalation of research interest. This review focuses on the molecular and cellular basis of pathogenesis in melioidosis, with a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on how B. pseudomallei can cause disease. The process of B. pseudomallei movement from the environmental reservoir to attachment and invasion of epithelial and macrophage cells and the subsequent intracellular survival and spread is outlined. Furthermore, the diverse assortment of virulence factors that allow B. pseudomallei to become an effective opportunistic pathogen, as well as to avoid or subvert the host immune response, is discussed. With the recent increase in genomic and molecular studies, the current understanding of the infection process of melioidosis has increased substantially, yet, much still remains to be elucidated.
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A Burkholderia pseudomallei protein microarray reveals serodiagnostic and cross-reactive antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:13499-504. [PMID: 19666533 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812080106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the way in which the immune system responds to infection is central to the development of vaccines and many diagnostics. To provide insight into this area, we fabricated a protein microarray containing 1,205 Burkholderia pseudomallei proteins, probed it with 88 melioidosis patient sera, and identified 170 reactive antigens. This subset of antigens was printed on a smaller array and probed with a collection of 747 individual sera derived from 10 patient groups including melioidosis patients from Northeast Thailand and Singapore, patients with different infections, healthy individuals from the USA, and from endemic and nonendemic regions of Thailand. We identified 49 antigens that are significantly more reactive in melioidosis patients than healthy people and patients with other types of bacterial infections. We also identified 59 cross-reactive antigens that are equally reactive among all groups, including healthy controls from the USA. Using these results we were able to devise a test that can classify melioidosis positive and negative individuals with sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 83%, respectively, a significant improvement over currently available diagnostic assays. Half of the reactive antigens contained a predicted signal peptide sequence and were classified as outer membrane, surface structures or secreted molecules, and an additional 20% were associated with pathogenicity, adaptation or chaperones. These results show that microarrays allow a more comprehensive analysis of the immune response on an antigen-specific, patient-specific, and population-specific basis, can identify serodiagnostic antigens, and contribute to a more detailed understanding of immunogenicity to this pathogen.
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Protective efficacy of heat-inactivated B. thailandensis, B. mallei or B. pseudomallei against experimental melioidosis and glanders. Vaccine 2009; 27:4447-51. [PMID: 19490962 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are gram-negative bacilli that are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. Both humans and animals are susceptible to both diseases. There is currently no vaccine available for the prevention of disease. We report the protective efficacy of heat-inactivated Burkholderia thailandensis, B. mallei or B. pseudomallei cells as vaccines against murine melioidosis and glanders. Immunisation with heat-inactivated B. pseudomallei cells provided the highest levels of protection against either melioidosis or glanders. These studies indicate the longer term potential for heat-inactivated bacteria to be developed as vaccines against melioidosis and glanders.
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Francoleon DR, Boontheung P, Yang Y, Kim U, Ytterberg AJ, Denny PA, Denny PC, Loo JA, Gunsalus RP, Ogorzalek Loo RR. S-layer, surface-accessible, and concanavalin A binding proteins of Methanosarcina acetivorans and Methanosarcina mazei. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:1972-82. [PMID: 19228054 PMCID: PMC2666069 DOI: 10.1021/pr800923e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The outermost cell envelope structure of many archaea and bacteria contains a proteinaceous lattice termed the surface layer or S-layer. It is typically composed of only one or two abundant, often posttranslationally modified proteins that self-assemble to form the highly organized arrays. Surprisingly, over 100 proteins were annotated to be S-layer components in the archaeal species Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A and Methanosarcina mazei Gö1, reflecting limitations of current predictions. An in vivo biotinylation methodology was devised to affinity tag surface-exposed proteins while overcoming unique challenges in working with these fragile organisms. Cells were adapted to growth under N2 fixing conditions, thus, minimizing free amines reactive to the NHS-label, and high pH media compatible with the acylation chemistry was used. A 3-phase separation procedure was employed to isolate intact, labeled cells from lysed-cell derived proteins. Streptavidin affinity enrichment followed by stringent wash conditions removed nonspecifically bound proteins. This methodology revealed S-layer proteins in M. acetivorans C2A and M. mazei Gö1 to be MA0829 and MM1976, respectively. Each was demonstrated to exist as multiple glycosylated forms using SDS-PAGE coupled with glycoprotein-specific staining, and by interaction with the lectin, Concanavalin A. A number of additional surface-exposed proteins and glycoproteins were identified and included all three subunits of the thermosome: the latter suggests that the chaperonin complex is both surface- and cytoplasmically localized. This approach provides an alternative strategy to study surface proteins in the archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R. Francoleon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Pinmanee Boontheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Unmi Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - A. Jimmy Ytterberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Patricia A. Denny
- University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Paul C. Denny
- University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Robert P. Gunsalus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Mukhopadhyay S, Akmal A, Stewart AC, Hsia RC, Read TD. Identification of Bacillus anthracis spore component antigens conserved across diverse Bacillus cereus sensu lato strains. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:1174-91. [PMID: 19208616 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800403-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to identify proteins in the Bacillus anthracis spore, conserved in other strains of the closely related Bacillus cereus group, that elicit an immune response in mammals. Two high throughput approaches were used. First, an in silico screening identified 200 conserved putative B. anthracis spore components. A total of 192 of those candidate genes were expressed and purified in vitro, 75 of which reacted with the rabbit immune sera generated against B. anthracis spores. The second approach was to screen for cross-reacting antigens in the spore proteome of 10 diverse B. cereus group strains. Two-dimensional electrophoresis resolved more than 200 protein spots in each spore preparation. About 72% of the protein spots were found in all the strains. 18 of these conserved proteins reacted against anti-B. anthracis spore rabbit immune sera, two of which (alanine racemase, Dal-1 and the methionine transporter, MetN) overlapped the set of proteins identified using the in silico screen. A conserved repeat domain protein (Crd) was the most immunoreactive protein found broadly across B. cereus sensu lato strains. We have established an approach for finding conserved targets across a species using population genomics and proteomics. The results of these screens suggest the possibility of a multiepitope antigen for broad host range diagnostics or therapeutics against Bacillus spore infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Mukhopadhyay
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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In silico analysis of potential diagnostic targets from Burkholderia pseudomallei. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008; 102 Suppl 1:S61-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(08)70017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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41
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Su YC, Wan KL, Mohamed R, Nathan S. A genome level survey of Burkholderia pseudomallei immunome expressed during human infection. Microbes Infect 2008; 10:1335-45. [PMID: 18761419 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiological agent of melioidosis, a severe infectious disease of humans and animals. The role of the bacterium's proteins expressed in vivo during human melioidosis continues to remain an enigma. This study's aim was to identify B. pseudomallei target proteins that elicit the humoral immune response in infected humans. A small insert genomic expression library was constructed and immunoscreened to identify peptides that reacted exclusively with melioidosis patients' sera. Sero-positive clones expressing immunogenic peptides were sequenced and annotated, and shown to represent 109 proteins involved in bacterial cell envelope biogenesis, cell motility and secretion, transcription, amino acid, ion and protein metabolism, energy production, DNA repair and unknown hypothetical proteins. Western blot analysis of three randomly selected full-length immunogenic polypeptides with patients' sera verified the findings of the immunome screening. The patients' humoral immune response to the 109 proteins suggests the induction or significant upregulation of these proteins in vivo during human infection and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei. Identification of B. pseudomallei immunogens has shed new light on the elucidation of the bacterium's pathogenesis mechanism and disease severity. These immunogens can be further evaluated as prophylactic and serodiagnostic candidates as well as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Su
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Barbier M, Oliver A, Rao J, Hanna SL, Goldberg JB, Albertí S. Novel phosphorylcholine-containing protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic infection isolates interacts with airway epithelial cells. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:465-73. [PMID: 18184091 DOI: 10.1086/525048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa undergoes phase variation in the expression of the phosphorylcholine (ChoP) epitope, a structure crucial for the virulence of several respiratory pathogens. In this study, ChoP expression analysis comparing organisms from acute and chronic infections revealed that expression of ChoP at 37 degrees C was higher among strains from chronic infections. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments and mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that ChoP was on the protein elongation factor Tu. The presence of ChoP at the surface was confirmed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis of intact bacteria. Pretreatment of bronchial epithelial cells or mice with a platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) antagonist reduced adhesion and invasion of the ChoP-positive P. aeruginosa isolates. Results of this study suggest that ChoP expression may represent a novel phenotype expressed by the chronic infection isolates that could mediate P. aeruginosa colonization of the epithelial airway by means of the interaction with the PAFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariette Barbier
- Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Outer-membrane proteomic maps and surface-exposed proteins of Legionella pneumophila using cellular fractionation and fluorescent labelling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 390:1861-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Eyles JE, Unal B, Hartley MG, Newstead SL, Flick-Smith H, Prior JL, Oyston PCF, Randall A, Mu Y, Hirst S, Molina DM, Davies DH, Milne T, Griffin KF, Baldi P, Titball RW, Felgner PL. Immunodominant Francisella tularensis antigens identified using proteome microarray. Proteomics 2007; 7:2172-83. [PMID: 17533643 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of protective immune responses against intracellular pathogens is difficult to achieve using non-replicating vaccines. BALB/c mice immunized by intramuscular injection with killed Francisella tularensis (live vaccine strain) adjuvanted with preformed immune stimulating complexes admixed with CpG, were protected when systemically challenged with a highly virulent strain of F. tularensis (Schu S4). Serum from immunized mice was used to probe a whole proteome microarray in order to identify immunodominant antigens. Eleven out of the top 12 immunodominant antigens have been previously described as immunoreactive in F. tularensis. However, 31 previously unreported immunoreactive antigens were revealed using this approach. Twenty four (50%) of the ORFs on the immunodominant hit list belonged to the category of surface or membrane associated proteins compared to only 22% of the entire proteome. There were eight hypothetical protein hits and eight hits from proteins associated with different aspects of metabolism. The chip also allowed us to readily determine the IgG subclass bias, towards individual or multiple antigens, in protected and unprotected animals. These data give insight into the protective immune response and have potentially important implications for the rational design of non-living vaccines for tularemia and other intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim E Eyles
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
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