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Yang S, Gerber D, Feng Y, Bain N, Kuster M, de Lorenzis L, Xu Y, Dufresne ER, Style RW. Dehydration drives damage in the freezing of brittle hydrogels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado7750. [PMID: 39178262 PMCID: PMC11343028 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado7750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
It is widely known that freezing breaks soft, wet materials. However, the mechanism underlying this damage is still not clear. To understand this process, we freeze model, brittle hydrogel samples, while observing the growth of ice-filled cracks that break these apart. We show that damage is not caused by the expansion of water upon freezing or the growth of ice-filled cavities in the hydrogel that exert pressure on the surrounding material. Instead, local ice growth dehydrates the adjacent hydrogel, leading to drying-induced fracture. This dehydration is driven by the process of cryosuction, whereby undercooled ice sucks nearby water toward itself, feeding ice growth. Our results highlight the strong analogy between freezing damage and desiccation cracking, which we anticipate being useful for developing an understanding of both topics. Our results should also give useful insights into a wide range of freezing processes, including cryopreservation, food science, and frost heave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Gerber
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yanxia Feng
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bain
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Matthias Kuster
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura de Lorenzis
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ye Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Eric R. Dufresne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert W. Style
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Abucayon EG, Belikow-Crovetto I, Hussin E, Kim J, Matyas GR, Rao M, Alving CR. Water-Soluble and Freezable Aluminum Salt Vaccine Adjuvant. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:681. [PMID: 38932410 PMCID: PMC11209400 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Particulate aluminum salts have long occupied a central place worldwide as inexpensive immunostimulatory adjuvants that enable induction of protective immunity for vaccines. Despite their huge benefits and safety, the particulate structures of aluminum salts require transportation and storage at temperatures between 2 °C and 8 °C, and they all have exquisite sensitivity to damage caused by freezing. Here, we propose to solve the critical freezing vulnerability of particulate aluminum salt adjuvants by introducing soluble aluminum salts as adjuvants. The solubility properties of fresh and frozen aluminum chloride and aluminum triacetate, each buffered optimally with sodium acetate, were demonstrated with visual observations and with UV-vis scattering analyses. Two proteins, A244 gp120 and CRM197, adjuvanted either with soluble aluminum chloride or soluble aluminum triacetate, each buffered by sodium acetate at pH 6.5-7.4, elicited murine immune responses that were equivalent to those obtained with Alhydrogel®, a commercial particulate aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. The discovery of the adjuvanticity of soluble aluminum salts might require the creation of a new adjuvant mechanism for aluminum salts in general. However, soluble aluminum salts might provide a practical substitute for particulate aluminum salts as vaccine adjuvants, thereby avoiding the risk of inactivation of vaccines due to accidental freezing of aluminum salt particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin G. Abucayon
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (E.G.A.); (J.K.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (I.B.-C.); (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Ilya Belikow-Crovetto
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (I.B.-C.); (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hussin
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (E.G.A.); (J.K.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (I.B.-C.); (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Jiae Kim
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (E.G.A.); (J.K.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (I.B.-C.); (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Gary R. Matyas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (I.B.-C.); (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (I.B.-C.); (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Carl R. Alving
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (I.B.-C.); (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
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Kumar S, Lennon P, Uranw S, Fielding T, Mvundura M, Drolet A, Diesburg S, Ray A, Dahal S, Lal B, Little J, Routray S. Using freeze-preventive cold boxes in rural Nepal: A study of equipment performance, acceptability, system fit, and cost. Vaccine X 2024; 18:100467. [PMID: 38463659 PMCID: PMC10921237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a field evaluation using qualitative and quantitative methods to assess freeze prevention of vaccines transported and stored in a recently developed, World Health Organization-prequalified freeze-preventive cold box (FPCB) as compared to currently used standard cold boxes (SCBs). The study assessed the FPCB's practical use, health worker acceptance, health system fit (including cost considerations), and challenges faced by health workers in variable conditions and geographical settings. The evaluation took place in five health facilities across hilly and plains districts of Nepal in two phases: Phase 1 involved FPCBs in simulated use alongside SCBs. In Phase 2, actual vaccines were used in the FPCBs. The study gathered quantitative data from logbooks and electronic temperature monitors placed inside and outside the cold boxes. Qualitative data were collected from health workers, cold chain personnel, and immunization program managers involved in the vaccine cold chain at multiple levels. No damage, durability issues, or freezing incidents were observed when using FPCBs, but two incidents of freezing occurred when using SCBs. FPCBs also took longer to cool down than SCBs. Participants mostly found the FPCB to be safe and user friendly for vaccine transportation and short-term storage. Advantages of the FPCB as compared to the SCB include its ability to minimize vaccine wastage, to keep freeze-sensitive vaccines safe (the average value of freeze-sensitive vaccines transported per shipment was $1,704), and to ease preparation through elimination of the need to condition ice packs. Procurement price ranges for FPCBs overlap those for SCBs. Disadvantages of the FPCB include its greater size and weight, which require more personnel and vehicles during transportation. This suggests that lighter and smaller FPCBs would be more effective and acceptable for the Nepal immunization program and other, similar immunization programs conducted globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Surendra Uranw
- B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | | | | | | | | | - Arindam Ray
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, India Country Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagar Dahal
- Government of Nepal, Family Health Division, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bibek Lal
- Government of Nepal, Family Health Division, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Ehrman RN, Brohlin OR, Wijesundara YH, Kumari S, Trashi O, Howlett TS, Trashi I, Herbert FC, Raja A, Koirala S, Tran N, Al-Kharji NM, Tang W, Senarathna MC, Hagge LM, Smaldone RA, Gassensmith JJ. A scalable synthesis of adjuvanting antigen depots based on metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2731-2744. [PMID: 38404371 PMCID: PMC10882496 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06734c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have saved countless lives by preventing and even irradicating infectious diseases. Commonly used subunit vaccines comprising one or multiple recombinant proteins isolated from a pathogen demonstrate a better safety profile than live or attenuated vaccines. However, the immunogenicity of these vaccines is weak, and therefore, subunit vaccines require a series of doses to achieve sufficient immunity against the pathogen. Here, we show that the biomimetic mineralization of the inert model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) significantly improves the humoral immune response over three bolus doses of OVA (OVA 3×). Encapsulation of OVA in ZIF-8 (OVA@ZIF) demonstrated higher serum antibody titers against OVA than OVA 3×. OVA@ZIF vaccinated mice displayed higher populations of germinal center (GC) B cells and IgG1+ GC B cells as opposed to OVA 3×, indicative of class-switching recombination. We show that the mechanism of this phenomenon is at least partly owed to the metalloimmunological effects of the zinc metal as well as the sustained release of OVA from the ZIF-8 composite. The system acts as an antigen reservoir for antigen-presenting cells to traffic into the draining lymph node, enhancing the humoral response. Lastly, our model system OVA@ZIF is produced quickly at the gram scale in a laboratory setting, sufficient for up to 20 000 vaccine doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryanne N Ehrman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Olivia R Brohlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Orikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Thomas S Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Arun Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Shailendra Koirala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Nancy Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Noora M Al-Kharji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Wendy Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Milinda C Senarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Laurel M Hagge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Ronald A Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
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5
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Prosser W, Danfakha N, Thurston B, Gueye A, Matan S, Tidiane C, Kitts E, Alkassoum I, Agui Y, Brah-Bouzou A, Dembo H, Garba M. Thinking outside of the [cold] box: implementing a human-centered design approach to understand barriers and craft solutions to cold chain equipment maintenance in Niger. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:146. [PMID: 37974256 PMCID: PMC10652434 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines require cold chain equipment (CCE) to ensure quality and potency, yet the risk of CCE failing is well-documented, often due to lack of equipment maintenance. While general barriers to a reliable CCE maintenance system are known, little has been done to understand the barriers from the cold chain technician's perspective. This human-centered design (HCD) study in Niger sought to better understand the gap in the current maintenance approaches from the technicians' perspectives and to collaboratively identify forward-thinking solutions. METHODS The research team collected data through semi-structured and open-ended in-depth consultations. Rapid qualitative research was followed by co-creation workshops with study participants to identify solutions. RESULTS The research team conducted 20 in-depth consultations in two regions with participants directly involved in the management of the cold chain. Fourteen people participated in the online co-creation workshop, and 20 people participated in the in-person workshop. Insights were organized in three main areas: (1) the lack of system agility and ability to optimize resources constrain performance of the maintenance system; (2) cold chain is often an afterthought within the overall context of immunization services and should instead be prioritized; and (3) knowledge sharing across the system and key stakeholders is ad hoc with limited understanding of roles and responsibilities. During the co-creation workshop, participants identified four main concepts as potential solutions: (1) create an on-line platform to connect people and to share knowledge across regions; (2) develop practical CCE technical resources; (3) use gamification and friendly competition to motivate staff to value maintenance; and (4) create a real-time maintenance tracking system. DISCUSSION This study took a unique HCD approach to engage people directly involved in CCE maintenance to more deeply understand challenges with the current system and create space to identify innovative solutions that are tailored to the context. The results demonstrate that stakeholders can identify potential solutions that have not been part of the typical approaches to a maintenance system. This HCD approach has implications for all global health challenges and demonstrates a methodology that can encourage key stakeholders to think about problems and solutions differently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brittany Thurston
- ThinkPlace/Senegal, Dakar, Senegal
- ThinkPlace, ThinkPlace, London, UK
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Fu Y, Liu B, Luan Y, Zhao H, Chen D, Wang D, Cai W, Zhang L, Sun S, Zheng J, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Zhou H. Photonic Crystal Sensor Evaluating the Effectiveness of Medical Products under Different Storage Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44147-44153. [PMID: 37691251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of time- and temperature-sensitive medical products (TTSMPs) (vaccines, medicines, and biological agents) is generally evaluated by sporadically checking the storage conditions recorded in electronic thermometers. However, electronic thermometers do not achieve all-time and all-regional record, resulting in the wrong evaluation of a single TTSMP and seriously endangering public health. Herein, we report a photonic crystal sensor for evaluating the effectiveness of a single TTSMP processing storage environment. The photonic crystal sensor assembled by colloidal microspheres (WO3-x nanospheres were added into the microsphere gap) generates a fascinating composite color of angle-dependent structural color (maximum reflectivity = 45%) and durative color (WO3-x coloration). Effectiveness evaluation principle reveals that the pattern on the sensor, which was printed by the composite color, fades sensitively to time and temperature, thus having different visible periods (0-21 days affected by temperature). The visible periods of the patterns can be used to evaluate a single TTSMP's effectiveness stored under different temperatures. Furthermore, the photonic crystal sensor shows outstanding flexibility and slight adhesion, offering a promising application toward the effectiveness evaluation of TTSMPs throughout storage, transportation, and sales processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Beijing Aerospace Systems Engineering Research Institute, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Yihao Luan
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weihao Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunming Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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7
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Corripio-Miyar Y, MacLeod CL, Mair I, Mellanby RJ, Moore BD, McNeilly TN. Self-Adjuvanting Calcium-Phosphate-Coated Microcrystal-Based Vaccines Induce Pyroptosis in Human and Livestock Immune Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1229. [PMID: 37515044 PMCID: PMC10385459 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful vaccines require adjuvants able to activate the innate immune system, eliciting antigen-specific immune responses and B-cell-mediated antibody production. However, unwanted secondary effects and the lack of effectiveness of traditional adjuvants has prompted investigation into novel adjuvants in recent years. Protein-coated microcrystals modified with calcium phosphate (CaP-PCMCs) in which vaccine antigens are co-immobilised within amino acid crystals represent one of these promising self-adjuvanting vaccine delivery systems. CaP-PCMCs has been shown to enhance antigen-specific IgG responses in mouse models; however, the exact mechanism of action of these microcrystals is currently unclear. Here, we set out to investigate this mechanism by studying the interaction between CaP-PCMCs and mammalian immune cells in an in vitro system. Incubation of cells with CaP-PCMCs induced rapid pyroptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells from cattle, sheep and humans, which was accompanied by the release of interleukin-1β and the activation of Caspase-1. We show that this pyroptotic event was cell-CaP-PCMCs contact dependent, and neither soluble calcium nor microcrystals without CaP (soluble PCMCs) induced pyroptosis. Our results corroborate CaP-PCMCs as a promising delivery system for vaccine antigens, showing great potential for subunit vaccines where the enhancement or find tuning of adaptive immunity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clair Lyle MacLeod
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Iris Mair
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Barry D Moore
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Tom N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
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8
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Kim HW, Ko MK, Park SH, Hwang SY, Kim DH, Park SY, Ko YJ, Kim SM, Park JH, Lee MJ. Dectin-1 signaling coordinates innate and adaptive immunity for potent host defense against viral infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194502. [PMID: 37334361 PMCID: PMC10272586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most commercial foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have various disadvantages, such as low antibody titers, short-lived effects, compromised host defense, and questionable safety. Objectives To address these shortcomings, we present a novel FMD vaccine containing Dectin-1 agonist, β-D-glucan, as an immunomodulatory adjuvant. The proposed vaccine was developed to effectively coordinate innate and adaptive immunity for potent host defense against viral infection. Methods We demonstrated β-D-glucan mediated innate and adaptive immune responses in mice and pigs in vitro and in vivo. The expressions of pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, transcription factors, and co-stimulatory molecules were promoted via FMD vaccine containing β-D-glucan. Results β-D-glucan elicited a robust cellular immune response and early, mid-, and long-term immunity. Moreover, it exhibited potent host defense by modulating host's innate and adaptive immunity. Conclusion Our study provides a promising approach to overcoming the limitations of conventional FMD vaccines. Based on the proposed vaccine's safety and efficacy, it represents a breakthrough among next-generation FMD vaccines.
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9
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Liu H, Kheirvari M, Tumban E. Potential Applications of Thermophilic Bacteriophages in One Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8222. [PMID: 37175929 PMCID: PMC10179064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages have a wide range of applications such as combating antibiotic resistance, preventing food contamination for food safety, and as biomarkers to indirectly assess the quality of water. Additionally, bacteriophage components (endolysins and coat proteins) have a lot of applications in food processing, vaccine design, and the delivery of cargo to the body. Therefore, bacteriophages/components have a multitude of applications in human, plant/veterinary, and environmental health (One Health). Despite their versatility, bacteriophage/component use is mostly limited to temperatures within 4-40 °C. This limits their applications (e.g., in food processing conditions, pasteurization, and vaccine design). Advances in thermophilic bacteriophage research have uncovered novel thermophilic endolysins (e.g., ΦGVE2 amidase and MMPphg) that can be used in food processing and in veterinary medicine. The endolysins are thermostable at temperatures > 65 °C and have broad antimicrobial activities. In addition to thermophilic endolysins, enzymes (DNA polymerase and ligases) derived from thermophages have different applications in molecular biology/biotechnology: to generate DNA libraries and develop diagnostics for human and animal pathogens. Furthermore, coat proteins from thermophages are being explored to develop virus-like particle platforms with versatile applications in human and animal health. Overall, bacteriophages, especially those that are thermophilic, have a plethora of applications in One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ebenezer Tumban
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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10
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de la Torre Arrieta J, Briceño D, de Castro IG, Roser B. A thermostable tetanus/diphtheria (Td) vaccine in the StablevaX™ pre-filled delivery system. Vaccine 2023; 41:3413-3421. [PMID: 37121799 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A syringe for the long-term, room-temperature storage and injection of vaccines is described. Stabilisation was achieved by drying from a trehalose-containing buffer which formed an inert soluble glass distributed in the internal interconnected voids in an absorbent, compliant, reticulated, medical-grade, porous sponge. The sponge is stored inside the barrel of a syringe and the vaccines are re-solubilised by the aspiration of water. The syringe contains the sponge throughout the filling and drying processes in manufacture, and in transport, stockpiling and finally injection. The active vaccine is delivered to the patient in the normal injection process by depressing the plunger, which compresses the sponge to completely expel the dose. Full recovery of vaccine potency, after 7-10 months @ 45 °C, was shown by complete protection against supra-lethal doses of active toxins in immunised Guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Briceño
- Stablepharma Ltd, 4 Queen Square, Bath BA1 2HA, Somerset, UK
| | | | - Bruce Roser
- Stablepharma Ltd, 4 Queen Square, Bath BA1 2HA, Somerset, UK.
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11
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Packebush MH, Sanchez-Martinez S, Biswas S, Kc S, Nguyen KH, Ramirez JF, Nicholson V, Boothby TC. Natural and engineered mediators of desiccation tolerance stabilize Human Blood Clotting Factor VIII in a dry state. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4542. [PMID: 36941331 PMCID: PMC10027729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologics, pharmaceuticals containing or derived from living organisms, such as vaccines, antibodies, stem cells, blood, and blood products are a cornerstone of modern medicine. However, nearly all biologics have a major deficiency: they are inherently unstable, requiring storage under constant cold conditions. The so-called 'cold-chain', while effective, represents a serious economic and logistical hurdle for deploying biologics in remote, underdeveloped, or austere settings where access to cold-chain infrastructure ranging from refrigerators and freezers to stable electricity is limited. To address this issue, we explore the possibility of using anhydrobiosis, the ability of organisms such as tardigrades to enter a reversible state of suspended animation brought on by extreme drying, as a jumping off point in the development of dry storage technology that would allow biologics to be kept in a desiccated state under not only ambient but elevated temperatures. Here we examine the ability of different protein and sugar-based mediators of anhydrobiosis derived from tardigrades and other anhydrobiotic organisms to stabilize Human Blood Clotting Factor VIII under repeated dehydration/rehydration cycles, thermal stress, and long-term dry storage conditions. We find that while both protein and sugar-based protectants can stabilize the biologic pharmaceutical Human Blood Clotting Factor VIII under all these conditions, protein-based mediators offer more accessible avenues for engineering and thus tuning of protective function. Using classic protein engineering approaches, we fine tune the biophysical properties of a protein-based mediator of anhydrobiosis derived from a tardigrade, CAHS D. Modulating the ability of CAHS D to form hydrogels make the protein better or worse at providing protection to Human Blood Clotting Factor VIII under different conditions. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of tardigrade CAHS proteins and other mediators of desiccation tolerance at preserving the function of a biologic without the need for the cold-chain. In addition, our study demonstrates that engineering approaches can tune natural products to serve specific protective functions, such as coping with desiccation cycling versus thermal stress. Ultimately, these findings provide a proof of principle that our reliance on the cold-chain to stabilize life-saving pharmaceuticals can be broken using natural and engineered mediators of desiccation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sourav Biswas
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Shraddha Kc
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Kenny H Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - John F Ramirez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Vincent Nicholson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Thomas C Boothby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
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12
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Liu H, Wang B, Xing M, Meng F, Zhang S, Yang G, Cheng A, Yan C, Xu B, Gao Y. Thermal stability of exenatide encapsulated in stratified dissolving microneedles during storage. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122863. [PMID: 36934885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
As low-temperature storage and transportation of peptides require high costs, improving the dosage form of peptides can reduce costs. We developed a thermostable and fast-releasing stratified dissolving microneedle (SDMN) system for delivering exenatide (EXT) to patients with type 2 diabetes. Among the tested polymers, dextran and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were the best at stabilizing EXT under high-temperature storage for 9 weeks. The two polymers possess a relatively high glass transition temperature (Tg) and weak hydrogen bonding between PVA and EXT. Additionally, zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) had a stabilizing effect on EXT among the selected stabilizers, suggesting that EXT formed a dimer after coordination with zinc ions (Zn2+). In addition, the denaturation temperature (Tm) of EXT was increased by adding ZnSO4, thus stabilizing EXT. Accordingly, SDMNs consisting of a tip layer (dextran encapsulating the Zn2+-EXT complex) and a base layer (PVA) were fabricated. Within 2 min of implantation, the EXT loaded on the patch was quickly released into the skin. Transdermal pharmacokinetics studies showed that manufactured SDMNs generated comparable efficacy to subcutaneous injection. Significantly, the remaining EXT amount was not significantly different under storage at 40 °C and -20 °C for 3 months, supporting that the SDMN system had excellent delivery efficiency and stability, thus reducing the dependence on the cold chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baorui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengzhen Xing
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, Daxue Road, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Fanda Meng
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Suohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China
| | - Guozhong Yang
- Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China
| | - Aguo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenxin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China.
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13
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Chullipalliyalil K, Elkassas K, McAuliffe MAP, Vucen S, Crean A. In-Vial Detection of Protein Denaturation Using Intrinsic Fluorescence Anisotropy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2774-2782. [PMID: 36696963 PMCID: PMC9909669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The conventional quality control techniques for identifying the denaturation of biopharmaceuticals includes sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for identifying fragmentation, ion exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing for identifying deamidation, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for identifying oxidation, and size-exclusion HPLC for identifying aggregation. These stability assessments require essential processes that are destructive to the product tested. All these techniques are lab based and require sample removal from a sealed storage vial, which can breach the sterility. In this work, we investigate the heat- and surfactant-induced denaturation of an in-vial-stored model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), by analyzing its intrinsic fluorescence without removing the sample from the vial. A lab-based bespoke setup which can do the measurement in vial is used to demonstrate the change in fluorescence polarization of the protein to determine the denaturation level. The results obtained are compared to circular dichroism and size-exclusion HPLC measurements. The results prove that in-vial fluorescence measurements can be performed to monitor protein denaturation. A cost-effective portable solution to provide a top-level overview of biopharmaceutical product stability from manufacture to the point of patient administration can be further developed using the same technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Elkassas
- SSPC
Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, CorkT12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Michael A. P. McAuliffe
- Centre
for Advanced Photonics & Process Analysis, Munster Technological University Cork, CorkT12 P928, Ireland
| | - Sonja Vucen
- SSPC
Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, CorkT12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Abina Crean
- SSPC
Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, CorkT12 YT20, Ireland
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14
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Biswas K, Muthukkumarasamy V, Bai G, Chowdhury MJM. A reliable vaccine tracking and monitoring system for health clinics using blockchain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:570. [PMID: 36631480 PMCID: PMC9833021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26029-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are delicate biological substances that gradually become inactive over time and must be kept under a recommended temperature range of 2-8 °C for both short and long-term storage. Exposure to heat or freezing temperatures can highly affect the immunological properties of these vaccines and make them completely ineffective. Research shows that vaccine exposure to temperatures outside the recommended range is 33% in developed countries and 37.1% in developing countries. In practice, vaccines are stored in refrigerators, while thermometers and data loggers are used to record and monitor temperatures. However, traditional systems are unreliable due to lack of battery backup, human error, periodic logging of temperatures, etc. Therefore, an effective and reliable vaccine tracking and monitoring system is urgently needed. This paper proposes a blockchain-based, smart contract enabled solution that ensures an enhanced level of security, transparency, and traceability of stored vaccines in a health clinic, and enables the complete history of every vaccine to be checked from the day the vaccine is received by the health clinic to the date it is used or expires. We also formally analyze the resiliency of the proposed system against several attacks and compare the system with existing blockchain and non-blockchain-based solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamanashis Biswas
- Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia. .,Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | | | - Guangdong Bai
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Richie TL, Church LWP, Murshedkar T, Billingsley PF, James ER, Chen MC, Abebe Y, KC N, Chakravarty S, Dolberg D, Healy SA, Diawara H, Sissoko MS, Sagara I, Cook DM, Epstein JE, Mordmüller B, Kapulu M, Kreidenweiss A, Franke-Fayard B, Agnandji ST, López Mikue MSA, McCall MBB, Steinhardt L, Oneko M, Olotu A, Vaughan AM, Kublin JG, Murphy SC, Jongo S, Tanner M, Sirima SB, Laurens MB, Daubenberger C, Silva JC, Lyke KE, Janse CJ, Roestenberg M, Sauerwein RW, Abdulla S, Dicko A, Kappe SHI, Lee Sim BK, Duffy PE, Kremsner PG, Hoffman SL. Sporozoite immunization: innovative translational science to support the fight against malaria. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:964-1007. [PMID: 37571809 PMCID: PMC10949369 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2245890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria, a devastating febrile illness caused by protozoan parasites, sickened 247,000,000 people in 2021 and killed 619,000, mostly children and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. A highly effective vaccine is urgently needed, especially for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), the deadliest human malaria parasite. AREAS COVERED Sporozoites (SPZ), the parasite stage transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes to humans, are the only vaccine immunogen achieving >90% efficacy against Pf infection. This review describes >30 clinical trials of PfSPZ vaccines in the U.S.A., Europe, Africa, and Asia, based on first-hand knowledge of the trials and PubMed searches of 'sporozoites,' 'malaria,' and 'vaccines.' EXPERT OPINION First generation (radiation-attenuated) PfSPZ vaccines are safe, well tolerated, 80-100% efficacious against homologous controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) and provide 18-19 months protection without boosting in Africa. Second generation chemo-attenuated PfSPZ are more potent, 100% efficacious against stringent heterologous (variant strain) CHMI, but require a co-administered drug, raising safety concerns. Third generation, late liver stage-arresting, replication competent (LARC), genetically-attenuated PfSPZ are expected to be both safe and highly efficacious. Overall, PfSPZ vaccines meet safety, tolerability, and efficacy requirements for protecting pregnant women and travelers exposed to Pf in Africa, with licensure for these populations possible within 5 years. Protecting children and mass vaccination programs to block transmission and eliminate malaria are long-term objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara A. Healy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Halimatou Diawara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou S. Sissoko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - David M. Cook
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judith E. Epstein
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melissa Kapulu
- Biosciences Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute KEMRI-Wellcome Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Kreidenweiss
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Selidji T. Agnandji
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | - Matthew B. B. McCall
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Laura Steinhardt
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martina Oneko
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ally Olotu
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Ashley M. Vaughan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James G. Kublin
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean C. Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Said Jongo
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthew B. Laurens
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joana C. Silva
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten E. Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris J. Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W. Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Salim Abdulla
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Stefan H. I. Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Patrick E. Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
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16
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Tan JY, Li Y, Chamani F, Tharzeen A, Prakash P, Natarajan B, Sheth RA, Park WM, Kim A, Yoon D, Kim J. Experimental Validation of Diffraction Lithography for Fabrication of Solid Microneedles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8934. [PMID: 36556744 PMCID: PMC9787912 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles are highly sought after for medicinal and cosmetic applications. However, the current manufacturing process for microneedles remains complicated, hindering its applicability to a broader variety of applications. As diffraction lithography has been recently reported as a simple method for fabricating solid microneedles, this paper presents the experimental validation of the use of ultraviolet light diffraction to control the liquid-to-solid transition of photosensitive resin to define the microneedle shape. The shapes of the resultant microneedles were investigated utilizing the primary experimental parameters including the photopattern size, ultraviolet light intensity, and the exposure time. Our fabrication results indicated that the fabricated microneedles became taller and larger in general when the experimental parameters were increased. Additionally, our investigation revealed four unique crosslinked resin morphologies during the first growth of the microneedle: microlens, first harmonic, first bell-tip, and second harmonic shapes. Additionally, by tilting the light exposure direction, a novel inclined microneedle array was fabricated for the first time. The fabricated microneedles were characterized with skin insertion and force-displacement tests. This experimental study enables the shapes and mechanical properties of the microneedles to be predicted in advance for mass production and wide practical use for biomedical or cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ying Tan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
| | - Yuankai Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Faraz Chamani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Aabila Tharzeen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Punit Prakash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Balasubramaniam Natarajan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Rahul A. Sheth
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Won Min Park
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Albert Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Donghoon Yoon
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jungkwun Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
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17
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Das S, Deka P, Kakati P, Deka P, Nath MK, Kumar A, Ali A, Sarma M, Ahmed R, Gogoi SM, Shome A, Borah B, Barman NN, Sarma DK. Thermostability and Immunogenicity of Genotype II Avian Orthoavulavirus (AOaV-1) Isolates from Duck ( Anas platyrhynchos) and Parrot ( Eclectusroratus). Viruses 2022; 14:v14112528. [PMID: 36423137 PMCID: PMC9697861 DOI: 10.3390/v14112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry causing significant economic losses worldwide. Vaccination is considered the most reliable approach to curb the economic menace that is ND, but the thermolabile nature of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccination poses a significant threat to its protective efficacy. This study aimed to profile the thermostability of NDV isolates from duck (As/Km/19/44) and parrot (As/WB/19/91) and evaluate their immunogenic potential in chicks. Fusion protein cleavage site (FPCS) and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the lentogenic nature of both the isolates/strains and classified them as class II genotype II NDV. The characterized NDV isolates were adapted in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks by serially passaging. Biological pathogenicity assessment of chicken-adapted As/Km/19/44 (PSD44C) and As/WB/19/91 (PSP91C) revealed both the isolates to be avirulent with a mean death time (MDT) of more than 90 h and an intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) ranging from 0.2 to 0.4. Both of the NDV isolates displayed varied thermostability profiles. PSD44C was the most thermostable strain as compared to PSP91C and the commercially available LaSota vaccine strain. The immunogenicity of PSD44C and LaSota was significantly higher than PSP91C. Based on these results, it is concluded that NDV isolate PSD44C is more thermostable and immunogenic when administered intraocularly without any adverse effects. Therefore, PSD44C is suitable for further research and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Das
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Assam 781022, India
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (P.D.); Tel.: +91-970-659-0513 (S.D.); +91-690-062-7690 (P.D.)
| | - Pankaj Deka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Assam 781022, India
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (P.D.); Tel.: +91-970-659-0513 (S.D.); +91-690-062-7690 (P.D.)
| | | | - Pubaleem Deka
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Assam 781022, India
| | - Mrinal Kumar Nath
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Assam 781022, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LUVAS, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Arfan Ali
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Assam 781022, India
| | - Mihir Sarma
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Assam 781022, India
| | - Rofique Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Assam 781022, India
| | - Sophia M. Gogoi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Assam 781022, India
| | - Arijit Shome
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Assam 781022, India
| | - Biswajyoti Borah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Assam 781022, India
| | - Nagendra Nath Barman
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Assam 781022, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Sarma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Assam 781022, India
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18
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Xu AY, Rinee KC, Stemple C, Castellanos MM, Bakshi K, Krueger S, Curtis JE. Counting the water: Characterize the hydration level of aluminum adjuvants using contrast matching small-angle neutron scattering. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Cattin M, Jonnalagedda S, Makohliso S, Schönenberger K. The status of refrigeration solutions for last mile vaccine delivery in low-income settings. Vaccine X 2022; 11:100184. [PMID: 35800134 PMCID: PMC9253487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recommendations for storage of most vaccines imply a continuous exposure to a temperature range between 0 °C and 10 °C, from the production to the administration to beneficiaries. According to the World Health Organization, more than 50% of vaccines are wasted around the world. Discontinuities of the cold chain in low-income settings where electricity is scarce contributes to this wastage. Recently, several advances have been made in cooling technologies to store and transport vaccines. This paper presents an overview of refrigeration technologies based on scientific publications, industry white papers and other grey literature. With a focus on vaccine transport, we briefly describe each refrigeration method, its best performing available devices as well as the outstanding research challenges in order to further improve its performance.
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20
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Seaman CP, Kahn AL, Kristensen D, Steinglass R, Spasenoska D, Scott N, Morgan C. Controlled temperature chain for vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: a realist evidence synthesis. Bull World Health Organ 2022; 100:491-502. [PMID: 35923285 PMCID: PMC9306389 DOI: 10.2471/blt.21.287696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the evidence describing how the controlled temperature chain approach for vaccination could lead to improved equitable immunization coverage in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We created a theory of change construct from the Controlled temperature chain: strategic roadmap for priority vaccines 2017–2020, containing four domains: (i) uptake and demand for the approach; (ii) compliance and safe use of the approach; (iii) programmatic efficiency gains from the approach; and (iv) improved equitable immunization coverage. To verify and improve the theory of change, we applied a realist review method to analyse published descriptions of controlled temperature chain or closely related experiences. Findings We evaluated 34 articles, describing 22 unique controlled temperature chain or closely related experiences across four World Health Organization regions. We identified a strong demand for this approach among service delivery providers; however, generating an equal level of demand among policy-makers requires greater evidence on economic benefits and on vaccination coverage gains, and use case definitions. Consistent evidence supported safety of the approach when integrated into special vaccination programmes. Feasible training and supervision supported providers in complying with protocols. Time-savings were the main evidence for efficiency gains, while cost-saving data were minimal. Improved equitable coverage was reported where vaccine storage beyond the cold chain enabled access to hard-to-reach populations. No evidence indicated an inferior vaccine effectiveness nor increased adverse event rates for vaccines delivered under the approach. Conclusion Synthesized evidence broadly supported the initial theory of change. Addressing evidence gaps on economic benefits and coverage gains may increase future uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna-Lea Kahn
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dijana Spasenoska
- Department of Social Policy, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, England
| | - Nick Scott
- Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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21
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AboulFotouh K, Uno N, Xu H, Moon C, Sahakijpijarn S, Christensen DJ, Davenport GJ, Cano C, Ross TM, Williams Iii RO, Cui Z. Formulation of dry powders of vaccines containing MF59 or AddaVax by Thin-Film Freeze-Drying: Towards a dry powder universal flu vaccine. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122021. [PMID: 35842082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
MF59® is an oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion-based vaccine adjuvant that is often used in seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines. We explored the feasibility of developing dry powders of vaccines adjuvanted with MF59 or AddaVax™, a preclinical grade equivalent of MF59 with the same composition and droplet size as MF59, by thin-film freeze-drying (TFFD). Liquid AddaVax alone was successfully converted to a dry powder by TFFD using trehalose as a stabilizing agent while maintaining the droplet size distribution of AddaVax after it was reconstituted. TFFD was then applied to convert liquid AddaVax-adjuvanted vaccines containing either a model antigen (e.g., ovalbumin) or mono-, bi-, and tri-valent recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) protein-based H1 and/or H3 (universal) influenza vaccine candidates, as well as the MF59-containing Fluad® Quadrivalent influenza vaccine to dry powders. Both antigens and stabilizing agents affected the physical properties of the vaccines (e.g., mean particle size and particle size distribution) after the vaccines were subjected to TFFD. Importantly, the integrity and hemagglutination activity of the rHA antigens did not significantly change and the immunogenicity of reconstituted influenza vaccine candidates was maintained when evaluated in a mouse model. The vaccine dry powder was not sensitive to repeated freezing-and-thawing, in contrast to its liquid counterpart. It is concluded that TFFD can be applied to convert liquid vaccines containing MF59 or AddaVax to dry powders while maintaining the immunogenicity of the vaccines. Ultimately, TFFD technology may be used to prepare dry powders of multivalent universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled AboulFotouh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Naoko Uno
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Haiyue Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chaeho Moon
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sawittree Sahakijpijarn
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Chris Cano
- TFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Robert O Williams Iii
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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22
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Navrotskaya A, Aleksandrova D, Chekini M, Yakavets I, Kheiri S, Krivoshapkina E, Kumacheva E. Nanostructured Temperature Indicator for Cold Chain Logistics. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8641-8650. [PMID: 35451833 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Food, chemicals, agricultural products, drugs, and vaccines should be transported and stored within an appropriate low-temperature range, following cold chain logistics. Violations of the required temperature regime are generally reported by time-temperature indicators; however, current sensors do not cover a sufficiently broad low-temperature range and may lack thermal and photostability. Here, we report a nanostructured solvatochromic temperature indicator formed from cellulose nanocrystals decorated with carbon dots (C-dots). The indicator utilizes a strong nonlinear dependence of photoluminescence of C-dots on the composition of water/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent and a composition-dependent variation of the melting temperature of the water/DMSO mixture. Exceeding the temperature of the frozen mixed solvent above a designated threshold value results in solvent melting, flow, and impregnation of the nanostructured film, thus causing an irreversible change in the intensity and wavelength of photoluminescence emission of the film, which is reported both qualitatively and quantitatively. The indicator covers a temperature range from -68 to +19 °C and is cost-efficient, portable and photo- and thermostable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darya Aleksandrova
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Mahshid Chekini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ilya Yakavets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sina Kheiri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | | | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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23
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AboulFotouh K, Xu H, Moon C, Williams RO, Cui Z. Development of (Inhalable) Dry Powder Formulations of AS01 B-Containing Vaccines Using Thin-Film Freeze-Drying. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121825. [PMID: 35577037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AS01B is a liposomal formulation of two immunostimulants namely 3-O-desacyl-4́-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and QS-21. The liposomal formulation of AS01B reduces the endotoxicity of MPL and the lytic activity of QS-21. The AS01B-adjuvanted Shingrix vaccine is marketed in a two-vial presentation, with the liquid AS01B liposomes in one vial and the antigen as a dry powder in another vial. In the present study, we tested the feasibility of applying thin-film freeze-drying (TFFD) to engineer dry powders of the AS01B liposomal adjuvant alone or vaccines containing AS01B as an adjuvant. Initially, we showed that after the AS01B liposomal adjuvant was subjected to TFFD using sucrose as a stabilizer at 4% w/v, the particle size distribution of AS01B liposomes reconstituted from the dry powder was identical to the liquid adjuvant before drying. We then showed using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen adjuvanted with AS01B (AS01B/OVA) that subjecting the AS01B/OVA vaccine to TFFD and subsequent reconstitution did not negatively affect the AS01B liposome particle size, nor the immunogenicity of the vaccine. Importantly, the thin-film freeze-dried AS01B/OVA vaccine, unlike its liquid counterpart, was not sensitive to repeated freezing-and-thawing. The developed AS01B/OVA dry powder also showed the desirable aerosol properties (i.e., fine particle fraction of 66.3 ± 4.9% and mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.4 ± 0.1 µm) for potential pulmonary administration. Finally, the feasibility of using TFFD to prepare dry powders of AS01B-adjuvanted vaccines was further confirmed using AS01B-adjuvanted Fluzone Quadrivalent and Shingrix, which contains AS01B. It is concluded that the TFFD technology can enable the formulation of AS01B-adjuvanted vaccines as freezing-insensitive, inhalable dry powders in a single-vial presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled AboulFotouh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Haiyue Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chaeho Moon
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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24
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Yadav AK, Kumar D. A LAG-based framework to overcome the challenges of the sustainable vaccine supply chain: an integrated BWM–MARCOS approach. JOURNAL OF HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jhlscm-09-2021-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeEach individual needs to be vaccinated to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the shortest possible time. However, the vaccine distribution with an already strained supply chain in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will not be effective enough to vaccinate all the population in stipulated time. The purpose of this paper is to show that there is a need to revolutionize the vaccine supply chain (VSC) by overcoming the challenges of sustainable vaccine distribution.Design/methodology/approachAn integrated lean, agile and green (LAG) framework is proposed to overcome the challenges of the sustainable vaccine supply chain (SVSC). A hybrid best worst method (BWM)–Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking According to COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) methodology is designed to analyze the challenges and solutions.FindingsThe analysis shows that vaccine wastage is the most critical challenge for SVSC, and the coordination among stakeholders is the most significant solution followed by effective management support.Social implicationsThe result of the analysis can help the health care organizations (HCOs) to manage the VSC. The effective vaccination in stipulated time will help control the further spread of the virus, which will result in the normalcy of business and availability of livelihood for millions of people.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first study to explore sustainability in VSC by considering the environmental and social impact of vaccination. The LAG-based framework is also a new approach in VSC to find the solution for existing challenges.
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25
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Kumar S, Lennon P, Muller N, Uranw S, Mvundura M, Sibole A, Diesburg S, Little J, Ray A, Sharma Gautam J, Rajbhandari Singh R, Jha N. Using long-range freeze-preventive vaccine carriers in Nepal: A study of equipment performance, acceptability, systems fit, and cost. Vaccine X 2022; 10:100146. [PMID: 35243322 PMCID: PMC8867128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing vaccine freezing is one of the biggest challenges in vaccine management. Until 2018, vaccine carriers used in the immunization program lacked features to prevent vaccine freezing. Freeze-preventive vaccine carriers (FPVCs) have an engineered liner that buffers vaccines from direct exposure to frozen ice packs. A field evaluation of three FPVCs was conducted in 24 health posts in eastern Nepal. The objective was to evaluate the FPVCs' performance, acceptability, systems fit, and cost, to inform prequalification and introduction planning. The study was carried out in two phases: in the first phase, FPVCs containing dummy vaccines (labeled "Not for Human Use") were transported to outreach sessions along with a standard vaccine carrier (SVC); in the second phase, the FPVCs were used for transporting vaccines taken to outreach sessions and used for vaccinating eligible children. The study gathered quantitative and qualitative data from health workers, logbooks, and electronic temperature monitors placed inside and outside the FPVCs. Results indicate the FPVCs successfully prevented temperatures below 0 °C more than 99% of the time-except at one site, where ambient temperatures were below the minimum rated testing temperature specified by the World Health Organization. Internal cool-down times for the FPVCs were highly variable, as were mean kinetic temperatures, possibly driven by the wide range of ambient temperatures and higher-than-expected variations in freezer performance, which, along with the need to transport ice packs to some locations, affected ice-pack temperatures. Almost all health workers requested smaller, lighter-weight FPVCs but appreciated the FPVCs' ability to prevent vaccines from freezing while avoiding undue heat exposure. FPVCs had benefit-cost ratios greater than 1 and hence good value for money. Results point to the importance of understanding the intended environment of use and the need for smaller, short-range as well as long-range carriers.
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Key Words
- AHW, auxiliary health worker
- ANM, auxiliary nurse midwife
- BPKIHS, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
- CCH, cold chain handler
- Cold chain equipment
- FPVC, freeze-preventive vaccine carrier
- Freeze-preventive vaccine carrier
- HP, health post
- Immunization
- Innovation
- MKT, mean kinetic temperature
- MOHP, Ministry of Health and Population
- N/A, not applicable
- PQS, Performance, Quality and Safety
- SVC, standard vaccine carrier
- VVM, vaccine vial monitor
- Vaccine cold chain
- Vaccine freezing
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Surendra Uranw
- B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | | | | | | | | | - Arindam Ray
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, India Country Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Jhalak Sharma Gautam
- Government of Nepal, Family Health Division, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Nilambar Jha
- B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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26
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Explorative Supercooling Technology for Prevention of Freeze Damages in Vaccines. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most freeze-sensitive vaccines are stored between 2 °C and 8 °C upon manufacturing and until they are eventually administered in intermediate vaccine stores and health facilities. This so-called “cold chain” of vaccine distribution is strictly regulated at these specific temperatures to avoid freeze damage. Liquid formulations of particular vaccines (e.g., aluminum-adsorbed tetanus toxoid (TT)) will irreversibly lose their immunogenicity once frozen. Using an oscillating magnetic field (OMF), supercooling can inhibit ice crystal nucleation effectively; water is susceptible to influence by a strong magnetic field, allowing normal water dynamics even in subzero freezing conditions. This recently developed technology—composed of a custom-designed electromagnet unit producing an optimal field strength (50 mT) at a specific frequency (1 Hz)—was successfully used to inhibit the formation of ice crystals in aluminum adjuvant TT vaccines, therefore preventing any visible damage in the vaccines’ microscopic structure. Despite being subject to temperatures far below their freezing point (up to −14 °C) for up to seven days, the TT vaccines showed no freeze damage on physical appearances. Results were further validated using shake tests and light microscopy. As storage and freeze-protection become more critical during times of increased vaccination efforts—particularly against COVID-19—this supercooling technology can be a promising solution to distribution problems by removing concern for temperature abuse or shock-induced freezing.
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27
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Yadav AK, Kumar D. A fuzzy decision framework of lean-agile-green (LAG) practices for sustainable vaccine supply chain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijppm-10-2021-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe already-strained vaccine supply chain (VSC) of the expanded program for immunization (EPI) require a more robust and structured distribution network for pandemic/outbreak vaccination due to huge volume demand and time constraint. In this paper, a lean-agile-green (LAG) practices approach is proposed to improve the operational, economic and environmental efficiency of the VSC.Design/methodology/approachA fuzzy decision framework of importance performance analysis (IPA)–analytical hierarchy process (AHP)–technique for order for preference by similarity in ideal solution (TOPSIS) has been presented in this paper to prioritize the LAG practices on the basis of the influence on performance indicators. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to check the robustness of the presented model.FindingsThe derived result indicates that sustainable packaging, coordination among supply chain stakeholders and cold chain technology improvement are among the top practices affecting most of the performance parameters of VSC. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the priority of practices is highly dependent on the weightage of performance indicators.Practical implicationsThis study's finding will help policymakers reframe strategies for sustainable VSC (SVSC) by including new management practices that can handle regular immunization programs as well as emergency mass vaccination.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that proposes the LAG framework for SVSC. The IPA–Fuzzy AHP (FAHP)–Fuzyy TOPSIS (FTOPSIS) is also a novel combination in decision-making.
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28
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Jadaan SA, Khan AW. Recent Update of COVID-19 Vaccines. Adv Pharm Bull 2022; 12:219-236. [PMID: 35620327 PMCID: PMC9106961 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recently identified as a novel member of beta coronaviruses (CoVs) and the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has been first discovered in China and soon has spread across continents with an escalating number of mortalities. There is an urgent need for developing a COVID-19 vaccine to control the rapid transmission and the deleterious impact of the virus. The potent vaccine should have a good tolerable and efficacious profile to induce target-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. It should also exhibit no or minimal detrimental effects in children, young adults, and elderly people with or without co-morbidities from different racial backgrounds. Previously published findings of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) played vital role in the characterization of surface spike proteins as the tool of entry of the SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. It has become evident that SARS-CoVs have high genetic similarity and this implies antecedent vaccination strategies could be implicated in the production of COVID-19 vaccines. Although several vaccines have been approved and rolled out, only a handful of them have passed the three phases of clinical studies. This review highlights the completed, and ongoing clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines and efforts are being made globally to avert the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer A. Jadaan
- College of Health & Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad-Iraq
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria-Australia
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29
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Thermostable Vaccines in Veterinary Medicine: State of the Art and Opportunities to Be Seized. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020245. [PMID: 35214703 PMCID: PMC8876287 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the weakness of the vaccine supply chain, and the lack of thermostable formulations is one of its major limitations. This study presents evidence from peer-reviewed literature on the development of thermostable vaccines for veterinary use. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the immunogenicity and/or the efficacy/effectiveness of thermostable vaccines against infectious diseases. The selected studies (n = 78) assessed the vaccine’s heat stability under different temperature conditions and over different periods. Only one study assessed the exposure of the vaccine to freezing temperatures. Two field studies provided robust evidence on the immunogenicity of commercial vaccines stored at temperatures far in excess of the manufacturer’s recommended cold-chain conditions. The drying process was the most-used method to improve the vaccine’s thermostability, along with the use of different stabilizers. The pooled vaccine efficacy was estimated to be high (VE = 69%), highlighting the importance of vaccination in reducing the economic losses due to the disease impact. These findings provide evidence on the needs and benefits of developing a portfolio of heat- and freeze-stable veterinary vaccines to unleash the true potential of immunization as an essential component of improved animal health and welfare, reduce the burden of certain zoonotic events and thus contribute to economic resilience worldwide.
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30
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Internet of Things use case applications for COVID-19. EDGE-OF-THINGS IN PERSONALIZED HEALTHCARE SUPPORT SYSTEMS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9239925 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90585-5.00016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology built upon various physical objects equipped with different types of sensors, which are connected together using communication methods. These devices have been applied to several domains, especially healthcare. In addition to the numerous benefits that IoT has demonstrated in healthcare, this technology is being adopted for combating the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The key role of IoT in COVID-19 could be classified into five major tasks: Monitoring, Diagnosing, Tracing, Disinfecting, and Vaccinating. This chapter reviews the state-of-art applications of IoT based on these tasks in order to better mitigate this virus. Additionally, potential areas for applying IoT systems to fight against COVID-19 or even future pandemics will be demonstrated.
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31
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Górska P, Główka M, Woźnica K, Zasada AA. Evaluation of precipitation time of the aluminum salts adsorbed potentially frozen vaccines used in the Polish National Immunization Schedule for their pre-qualification before the administration. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2022; 11:155-162. [PMID: 35799879 PMCID: PMC9200651 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vaccines adsorbed on aluminum adjuvants irreversibly lose potency after freezing and their safety is affected. To prevent the administration of such vaccines, the World Health Organization developed the Shake Test designed to determine whether adsorbed vaccines have been frozen or not. However, the Shake Test is difficult and time-consuming when routinely conducted at the place of vaccination. In this study, a modified shake test for prequalification of potentially frozen vaccines was elaborated. Materials and Methods Vaccines used in the Polish Immunization Schedule were investigated and the analysis includes an assessment of precipitation time and the influence of the container type, amount and type of aluminum compound, and a volume of vaccine dose on the precipitation time. Results Significant differences between the precipitation time of frozen and non-frozen vaccines routinely used in the Polish Immunization Schedule were observed. The precipitation time of all non-frozen vaccines was above 30 minutes. The longest precipitation time of frozen vaccines was 10 minutes. Conclusion The finding of the study can be used in practice by the personnel administering vaccines to patients. Step-by-step recommendations for the preparation of the test have been proposed in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Górska
- Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health NIH–National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Główka
- Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health NIH–National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Woźnica
- Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health NIH–National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra A. Zasada
- Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health NIH–National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Shin G, Jeon JG, Kim JH, Lee JH, Lee J, Kim HJ, Baek JY, Kang KM, Han Y, So BJ, Kang TJ. Paper-Based Ionic Thermocouples for Inexpensive and High-Precision Measurement of Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60154-60162. [PMID: 34844404 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and yet cost-effective temperature measurements are required in various sectors of academia and industry. Thermocouples (TCs) are most widely used for temperature measurements; however, their low temperature sensitivity and high thermal conductivity should be improved to ensure the reliable measurement of output voltage for small temperature differences. To address this, a paper-based ionic thermocouple (P-iTC) presented here utilizes a pair of paper strips soaked with the electrolytes of potassium ferri-/ferrocyanide and iron (II/III) chloride redox couples, which are used as p- and n-type elements, respectively. The fabricated P-iTC provides 70× higher temperature sensitivity (α, 2.8 mV/K) and 30× lower thermal conductivity (k, 0.8 W/m K) than those of commercial K-type TCs, thereby yielding a remarkably high α/k ratio of 3.5 mV m/W. Reliable sensing performance is measured during three weeks of operation, which indicates that the P-iTC should be stable in long-term operation. To demonstrate the practicality of the P-iTC, a 3 × 3 planar array of P-iTCs is fabricated to monitor the temperature profile of a surface in contact with heat sources. Using pencil-drawn graphite electrodes on paper, a highly cost-effective P-iTC with the material cost of ∼0.5 cents per device is also fabricated, which is successfully used to monitor cold chain temperatures while retaining its excellent temperature-sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilyong Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jei Gyeong Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusu Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Jun So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae June Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Joyce JC, Collins ML, Rota PA, Prausnitz MR. Thermostability of Measles and Rubella Vaccines in a Microneedle Patch. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4. [PMID: 34926791 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Measles and rubella vaccinations are highly effective at reducing disease prevalence; however, logistic issues related to subcutaneous administration and vaccine wastage limit the extent of vaccination coverage. Microneedle (MN) patches can increase coverage by easing logistics through simplified administration and improved stability. This study demonstrates the thermostability of a bivalent measles and rubella vaccine MN patch. Rubella vaccine stability required pH buffering during drying; potassium phosphate buffer at neutral pH was optimal for both vaccines. Screening 43 excipients for their ability to retain potency during drying and storage yielded sucrose-threonine-potassium phosphate buffer formulation at pH 7.5 as an optimal formulation. MN patches made with this formulation had no significant loss of vaccine titer after one month and remained within a one log10 titer loss cutoff after 3 - 4 months at 5°C, 25°C and 40°C. Finally, these patches were shown to be immunogenic in juvenile rhesus macaques. This work demonstrates the potential for MN patches for measles and rubella vaccination to be removed from the cold chain, which is expected to decrease vaccine cost and wastage, and increase vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Joyce
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, 314 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Marcus L Collins
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Paul A Rota
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, 314 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
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Evaluation of non-continuous temperature-monitoring practices for vaccine storage units: a Monte Carlo simulation study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 29:1253-1260. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Kim D, Pekgün P, Yildirim İ, Keskinocak P. Resource allocation for different types of vaccines against COVID-19: Tradeoffs and synergies between efficacy and reach. Vaccine 2021; 39:6876-6882. [PMID: 34688498 PMCID: PMC8520874 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Vaccine shortage and supply-chain challenges have caused limited access by many resource-limited countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the primary decisions for a vaccine-ordering decision-maker is how to allocate the limited resources between different types of vaccines effectively. We studied the tradeoff between efficacy and reach of the two vaccine types that become available at different times. Methods We extended a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Deceased (SIR-D) model with vaccination, ran extensive simulations with different settings, and compared the level of infection attack rate (IAR) under different reach ratios between two vaccine types under different resource allocation decisions. Results We found that when there were limited resources, allocating resources to a vaccine with high efficacy that became available earlier than a vaccine with lower efficacy did not always lead to a lower IAR, particularly if the former could vaccinate less than 42.5% of the population (with the selected study parameters) who could have received the latter. Sensitivity analyses showed that this result stayed robust under different study parameters. Conclusions Our results showed that a vaccine with lower resource requirements (wider reach) can significantly contribute to reducing IAR, even if it becomes available later in the pandemic, compared to a higher efficacy vaccine that becomes available earlier but requires more resources. Limited resource in vaccine distribution is significant challenge in many parts of the world that needs to be addressed to improve the global access to life-saving vaccines. Understanding the tradeoffs between efficacy and reach is critical for resource allocation decisions between different vaccine types for improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kim
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Pelin Pekgün
- Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - İnci Yildirim
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Institute of Global Health, 1 Church Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Pınar Keskinocak
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Hinson RE, Hein W, Tettey LN, Nartey BA, Harant A, Struck NS, Fobil JN. Critical prerequisites for Covid-19 vaccine acceleration: A developing economy perspective. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS 2021; 21:e2723. [PMID: 34512185 PMCID: PMC8420375 DOI: 10.1002/pa.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the critical prerequisites for accelerating the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine in developing countries by using Ghana as a case study. A qualitative study method and content analysis approach was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with health experts from the Ghana Health Service, World Health Organization (WHO), AstraZeneca, Novartis, and Medtronic Inc. in Ghana. Our analysis of data revealed that new structures, committees, advisory bodies and lines of communication in government evolved during this pandemic and are underlying the current strategy development and decision-making on COVID-19 vaccines. The interviews gave insights into six major factors that will aid COVID-19 vaccine acceleration in Ghana. These factors are: (1) Access to vaccines through delivery, (2) national manufacturing of vaccines, (3) choosing the best vaccine candidates, (4) financial resources, (5) transparency, and (6) vaccine roll-out and administration. These results could guide policymakers and other relevant stakeholders in prioritizing activities that will aid COVID-19 vaccine acceleration in Ghana and other lower-middle-income countries, tailored to their specific context. As a recommendation, the Ghanaian government should embrace a multisectoral synergy approach to fight the disease. The study also provides insights into how vaccine adoption can be accelerated in the case of future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Hinson
- University of Ghana Business SchoolAccraGhana
- North‐West University Business SchoolSouth Africa
| | - Wolfgang Hein
- German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA)University of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | | | | | - Anne Harant
- German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA)University of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Nicole S. Struck
- Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyBernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical MedicineHamburgGermany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Hamburg‐Lübeck‐Borstel‐RiemsGermany
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Comparison of machine learning classifiers: A case study of temperature alarms in a pharmaceutical supply chain. INFORM SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.is.2021.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sebastian J, Parthasarathi G, Ravi MD. Impact of educational intervention on the best immunization practices among practicing health care professionals in a south Indian city. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2021; 9:25151355211032590. [PMID: 34377928 PMCID: PMC8327004 DOI: 10.1177/25151355211032590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Maintaining the quality and safety of immunization is as important as the efficacy of vaccines in vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) programs. The aim of this study was to determine the problems associated with different stages of vaccine use and to assess the outcome of an educational intervention on safety and quality use of vaccines among health care providers. Methods A pilot prospective interventional study was conducted over a period of 2 years at 271 sites in Mysuru, India. The study population was health care professionals (HCPs) involved in immunization and a sample of parents (one per site). A validated questionnaire was used as a study tool. An educational intervention on best immunization practice was conducted for the enrolled HCPs and the impact of the educational intervention was assessed using the study tool after 3 weeks. Results The total number of the study population was 594 (323 HCPs and 271 parents). Of these, 41.49% were working at community health care facility and 33.13% were enrolled from primary care centers. There were statistically significant improvements in post interventional assessment of all stages of the immunization process including storage (p -0.001), transportation (p -0.001), administration (p 0.001), monitoring and reporting of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) (p -0.001), knowledge of AEFIs (p 0.001), and HCP-parent communication (p 0.001). AEFI reporting improved by 30% in the post education phase. Conclusion Continuous education and motivation can result in positive behavioral changes on best immunization practices amongst HCPs involved in immunization, which may help to improve and maintain the safety and quality use of vaccines in immunization centers irrespective of the type of facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juny Sebastian
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gurumurthy Parthasarathi
- Director, Pharmacovigilance and Clinical Trials, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Mandyam Dhati Ravi
- Department of Pediatrics, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Ingrole RSJ, Tao W, Joshi G, Gill HS. M2e conjugated gold nanoparticle influenza vaccine displays thermal stability at elevated temperatures and confers protection to ferrets. Vaccine 2021; 39:4800-4809. [PMID: 34301431 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently approved influenza vaccines are not only limited in breadth of protection but also have a limited shelf-life of 12-18 months when stored under appropriate conditions (2-8 °C). Inadvertent alteration in storage temperatures during manufacturing, transportation, distribution until delivery to patient, can damage the vaccine thus reducing its efficacy. A thermally stable vaccine can decrease the economic burden by reducing reliance on refrigeration system and can also enhance outreach of the vaccination program by allowing transportation to remote areas of the world where refrigerated conditions are scarce. We have previously developed a broadly protective influenza A vaccine by coupling the highly conserved extracellular region of the matrix 2 protein (M2e) of influenza A virus to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and upon subsequent addition of toll-like receptor 9 agonist - CpG, as an adjuvant, have shown its breadth of protection in a mouse model. In this study, we show that the vaccine is thermally stable when stored at 4 °C for 3 months, 37 °C for 3 months and 50 °C for 2 weeks in its lyophilized form, and later it was possible to readily reconstitute it in water without aggregation. Intranasal vaccination of mice using reconstituted vaccine induced M2e-specific IgG and IgG subtypes in serum similar to the freshly formulated vaccine, and fully protected mice against lethal influenza A challenge. Immunization of ferrets intranasally or intramuscularly with the vaccine induced M2e-specific IgG and there was reduced virus level in nasal wash of ferrets immunized through intranasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S J Ingrole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 8th street and Canton Ave, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock TX 79409-3121, USA
| | - Wenqian Tao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 8th street and Canton Ave, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock TX 79409-3121, USA
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 8th street and Canton Ave, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock TX 79409-3121, USA
| | - Harvinder Singh Gill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 8th street and Canton Ave, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock TX 79409-3121, USA.
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Forner M, Cañas-Arranz R, Defaus S, de León P, Rodríguez-Pulido M, Ganges L, Blanco E, Sobrino F, Andreu D. Peptide-Based Vaccines: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, a Paradigm in Animal Health. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050477. [PMID: 34066901 PMCID: PMC8150788 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are considered one of the greatest global health achievements, improving the welfare of society by saving lives and substantially reducing the burden of infectious diseases. However, few vaccines are fully effective, for reasons ranging from intrinsic limitations to more contingent shortcomings related, e.g., to cold chain transport, handling and storage. In this context, subunit vaccines where the essential antigenic traits (but not the entire pathogen) are presented in rationally designed fashion have emerged as an attractive alternative to conventional ones. In particular, this includes the option of fully synthetic peptide vaccines able to mimic well-defined B- and T-cell epitopes from the infectious agent and to induce protection against it. Although, in general, linear peptides have been associated to low immunogenicity and partial protection, there are several strategies to address such issues. In this review, we report the progress towards the development of peptide-based vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) a highly transmissible, economically devastating animal disease. Starting from preliminary experiments using single linear B-cell epitopes, recent research has led to more complex and successful second-generation vaccines featuring peptide dendrimers containing multiple copies of B- and T-cell epitopes against FMD virus or classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The usefulness of this strategy to prevent other animal and human diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Forner
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Patricia de León
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Pulido
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain;
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (D.A.)
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (D.A.)
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Osman N, Goovaerts D, Sultan S, Salt J, Grund C. Vaccine Quality Is a Key Factor to Determine Thermal Stability of Commercial Newcastle Disease (ND)Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040363. [PMID: 33918608 PMCID: PMC8069011 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND), a devastating viral disease of chickens, is often hampered by thermal inactivation of the live vaccines, in particular in tropical and hot climate conditions. In the past, “thermostable” vaccine strains (I-2) were proposed to overcome this problem but previous comparative studies did not include formulation-specific factors of commercial vaccines. In the current study, we aimed to verify the superior thermal stability of commercially formulated I-2 strains by comparing six commercially available ND vaccines. Subjected to 37 °C as lyophilized preparations, two vaccines containing I-2 strains were more sensitive to inactivation than a third I-2 vaccine or compared to three other vaccines based on different ND strains. However, reconstitution strains proved to have a comparable tenacity. Interestingly, all vaccines still retained a sufficient virus dose for protection (106 EID50) after 1 day at 37 °C. These results suggest that there are specific factors that influence thermal stability beyond the strain-specific characteristics. Exposing ND vaccines to elevated temperatures of 51 and 61 °C demonstrated that inactivation of all dissolved vaccines including I-2 vaccine strains occurred within 2 to 4 h. The results revealed important differences among the vaccines and emphasize the importance of the quality of a certain vaccine preparation rather than the strain it contains. These data highlight that regardless of the ND strain used for vaccine preparation, the appropriate cold chain is mandatory for keeping live ND vaccines efficiency in hot climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Osman
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Danny Goovaerts
- DGVAC Consulting, 2460 Antwerp, Belgium;
- GALVmed, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK;
| | - Serageldeen Sultan
- Department of Microbiology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | | | - Christian Grund
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
- Correspondence:
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AboulFotouh K, Cui Z, Williams RO. Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines Should Take Efficiency of Distribution into Consideration. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:126. [PMID: 33835300 PMCID: PMC8034273 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dire need for safe and effective coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines is met with many vaccine candidates being evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The COVID-19 vaccine candidates currently in phase 3 or phase 2/3 clinical trials as well as those that recently received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or other regulatory agencies worldwide require either cold (i.e., 2–8°C) or even freezing temperatures as low as −70°C for storage and distribution. Thus, existing cold chain will struggle to support both the standard national immunization programs and COVID-19 vaccination. The requirement for cold chain is now a major challenge towards worldwide rapid mass vaccination against COVID-19. In this commentary, we stress that thermostabilizing technologies are available to enable cold chain-free vaccine storage and distribution, as well as potential needle-free vaccination. Significant efforts on thermostabilizing technologies must now be applied on next-generation COVID-19 vaccines for more cost-effective worldwide mass vaccination and COVID-19 eradication.
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Dry Formulation of Virus-Like Particles in Electrospun Nanofibers. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030213. [PMID: 33802376 PMCID: PMC8000389 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologics can be combined with liquid polymer materials and electrospun to produce a dry nanofibrous scaffold. Unlike spray-drying and freeze-drying, electrospinning minimizes the physiological stress on sensitive materials, and nanofiber mat properties such as hydrophobicity, solubility, and melting temperature can be tuned based on the polymer composition. In this study, we explored the dry formulation of a virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine by electrospinning VLP derived from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus modified to carry the MHC-I gp100 tumor-associated antigen epitope. VLP were added to a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution (15% w/v) followed by electrospinning at 24 kV. Formation of a nanofibrous mat was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, and the presence of VLP was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and Western blot. VLP from the nanofibers induced T-cell activation and interferon- (IFN-) γ production in vitro. To confirm in vivo cytotoxicity, Pmel mice treated by injection with gp100 VLP from nanofibers induced a gp100 specific immune response, lysing approximately 65% of gp100-pulsed target cells, comparable to mice vaccinated with gp100 VLP in PBS. VLP from nanofibers also induced an antibody response. This work shows that electrospinning can be used to dry-formulate VLP, preserving both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
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Alzhrani RF, Xu H, Moon C, Suggs LJ, Williams RO, Cui Z. Thin-Film Freeze-Drying Is a Viable Method to Convert Vaccines Containing Aluminum Salts from Liquid to Dry Powder. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2183:489-498. [PMID: 32959262 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum salts are used as an adjuvant in many human and veterinary vaccines. However, aluminum salt-adjuvanted vaccines are sensitive to temperature change and must be stored at 2-8 °C. Inadvertently exposing them to slow freezing temperatures can cause irreversible aggregation of aluminum salt microparticles and loss of potency and/or immunogenicity of the vaccines. There have been efforts to overcome this limitation by either adding stabilizing agents to the liquid vaccine or converting the vaccine from a liquid to a dry powder. Thin-film freeze-drying (TFFD) has proven to be an effective process to convert aluminum salt-adjuvanted vaccines from liquid to dry powder without causing particle aggregation or loss of immunogenicity upon reconstitution. This chapter provides a review of the TFFD process and examples for preparing stable aluminum salt-adjuvanted vaccine dry powders using TFFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad F Alzhrani
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Haiyue Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chaeho Moon
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Laura J Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Tumban E. Lead SARS-CoV-2 Candidate Vaccines: Expectations from Phase III Trials and Recommendations Post-Vaccine Approval. Viruses 2020; 13:54. [PMID: 33396343 PMCID: PMC7824305 DOI: 10.3390/v13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets/aerosols and it causes COVID-19. The virus infects epithelial cells by using the spike protein on its surface to bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor on the cells. Thus, candidate vaccines targeting the spike protein are currently being developed to prevent against infections. Approximately 44 SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccines are in clinical trials (phase I-III) and an additional 164 candidates are in preclinical stages. The efficacy data from phase I/II trials of lead candidate vaccines look very promising with virus-neutralizing geometric mean antibody titers in the range of 16.6-3906. Most recently, two SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, have been granted the first emergency use authorization (EUA) in the U.S.; BNT162b2 has also been granted an EUA in the United Kingdom, Canada, and in the European Union. This review assesses whether SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccines (with approved EUA or in phase III trials) meet the criteria for an ideal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The review concludes with expectations from phase III trials and recommendations for phase IV studies (post-vaccine approval).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Tumban
- Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Won JH, Lee H. The Current Status of Drug Repositioning and Vaccine Developments for the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9775. [PMID: 33371468 PMCID: PMC7767501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified, the world has vehemently worked to develop treatments and vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at an unprecedented speed. Few of the repositioned drugs for COVID-19 have shown that they were efficacious and safe. In contrast, a couple of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 will be ready for mass rollout early next year. Despite successful vaccine development for COVID-19, the world will face a whole new set of challenges including scale-up manufacturing, cold-chain logistics, long-term safety, and low vaccine acceptance. We highlighted the importance of knowledge sharing and collaboration to find innovative answers to these challenges and to prepare for newly emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Won
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Howard Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 16229, Korea
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Ross JC, Saidu Y, Nzuobontane D, Voukings MZ, Embrey SR. Application of the remaining vaccine vial monitor life calculation to field temperature monitoring data to improve visibility into cold chain equipment performance. Vaccine 2020; 38:7683-7687. [PMID: 33082013 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine Vial Monitors (VVM) are used to estimate if a vaccine has been exposed to excessive hot temperatures. This endpoint measurement is useful in determining if a vaccine is safe to be administered to a patient, but it does not pinpoint where in the cold chain a vaccine was exposed to excessive heat. With the expansion and technological advancement of cold chain equipment temperature monitoring, it is now possible to remotely estimate VVM status as a vaccine moves through the cold chain. In the present study, we examine the application of the mathematical principles backing VVMs on real, continuous, temperature monitoring data in Africa. Results suggest that exposure to short bursts of hot temperature or long power outages may still allow for safe distribution of affected vaccines. The remaining VVM life calculation could improve managerial visibility into cold chain equipment performance allowing for better data-driven planning and maintenance decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Ross
- Nexleaf Analytics, 1964 Westwood Blvd. Suite 410, Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States.
| | - Yauba Saidu
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | | | | | - Sally R Embrey
- Nexleaf Analytics, 1964 Westwood Blvd. Suite 410, Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States.
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Mensch C, Chintala R, Nawrocki D, Blue JT, Bhambhani A. Enabling Lyophilized Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Through Formulation Design and Excipient Selection Suitable for A Multivalent Adjuvanted Vaccine. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:97-107. [PMID: 33164785 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite a consistent benefit of existing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) on invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia across different epidemiological settings a tremendous gap exists towards global PCV coverage. Currently, no lyophilized dosage form exists in the PCV global vaccine marketplace and currently licensed vaccines target some, but not all relevant serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The development of lyophilized presentations of an adjuvanted multivalent vaccine formulation that aligns with the evolving epidemiological assessment of the pneumococcal disease offers broader coverage with distinct cold chain and thermostability advantages. To make progress towards this goal, we evaluated the feasibility of developing new formulation to enable a lyophilized adjuvanted PCV vaccine containing 15 different serotypes. Our findings successfully demonstrate a formulation design space that enables enhanced physical stability which controls vaccine agglomeration, preserves in-vitro vaccine potency, maintains PCV antigen adsorption, and yields elegant lyophilized cakes with acceptable clinically relevant reconstitution times. This research also demonstrates the benefit of utilizing specific vaccine formulation excipients and the effectiveness of excipient combinations that may be beneficial for other multivalent adjuvant containing vaccines to enable novel lyophilized formulations necessary for improved global vaccine access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mensch
- Biologics and Vaccines Analytical, MMD, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Ramesh Chintala
- Global Vaccines Technical Operations, MMD, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Denise Nawrocki
- Vaccine Drug Product Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Blue
- Vaccine Drug Product Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Akhilesh Bhambhani
- Vaccine Drug Product Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA.
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Wang J, Peng Y, Xu H, Cui Z, Williams RO. The COVID-19 Vaccine Race: Challenges and Opportunities in Vaccine Formulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:225. [PMID: 32761294 PMCID: PMC7405756 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the race for a safe and effective vaccine against coronavirus disease (COVID)-19, pharmaceutical formulation science plays a critical role throughout the development, manufacturing, distribution, and vaccination phases. The proper choice of the type of vaccine, carrier or vector, adjuvant, excipients, dosage form, and route of administration can directly impact not only the immune responses induced and the resultant efficacy against COVID-19, but also the logistics of manufacturing, storing and distributing the vaccine, and mass vaccination. In this review, we described the COVID-19 vaccines that are currently tested in clinical trials and provided in-depth insight into the various types of vaccines, their compositions, advantages, and potential limitations. We also addressed how challenges in vaccine distribution and administration may be alleviated by applying vaccine-stabilization strategies and the use of specific mucosal immune response-inducing, non-invasive routes of administration, which must be considered early in the development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieliang Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Peng
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Haiyue Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
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50
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Choi IJ, Na W, Kang A, Ahn MH, Yeom M, Kim HO, Lim JW, Choi SO, Baek SK, Song D, Park JH. Patchless administration of canine influenza vaccine on dog's ear using insertion-responsive microneedles (IRMN) without removal of hair and its in vivo efficacy evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:150-157. [PMID: 32544527 PMCID: PMC7293535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles provide the advantages of convenience and compliance by avoiding the pain and fear of needles that animals often experience. Insertion-responsive microneedles (IRMN) were used for administration to a hairy dog without removing the dog's hair. Canine H3N2 vaccine was administered with IRMN attached to the dog's ears ex vivo and the conventional microneedle system (MN) was administered for 15 min to compare puncture performance and delivery efficiency. The vaccine was also administered to compare antibody formation using IRMN with the use of intramuscular injection. The veterinarian observed the behavior of the dog during the course of the administration and compared the response to IRMN with that of intramuscular administration. The tips of IRMN were separated from the base and delivered into the hairy skin successfully. Puncture performance of IRMN were the same as that of coated microneedles (95%), but delivery efficiency of IRMN were 95% compared to less than 1% for coated microneedles. The H3N2 vaccine inoculated into the dog's ears showed the same antibody formation as the intramuscular injection. The dog appeared to be more comfortable with IRMN administration compared to syringe administration. IRMN are the first microneedle system to deliver a canine vaccine successfully into a hairy dog without removal of the dog's hair. The use of IRMN can provide both convenience and compliance for both the dog and the owner.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Jeong Choi
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine, Inc., Seongnam, #605, Building B14 Sagimakgol-ro, 45beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonsung Na
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejongro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Myun-Hwan Ahn
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine, Inc., Seongnam, #605, Building B14 Sagimakgol-ro, 45beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejongro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ouk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University Yonsei-ro 50, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-O Choi
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine, Inc., Seongnam, #605, Building B14 Sagimakgol-ro, 45beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Baek
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine, Inc., Seongnam, #605, Building B14 Sagimakgol-ro, 45beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejongro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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