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Zou GQ, Li K, Yan C, Li YQ, Xian MY, Hu X, Luo R, Liu Z. Aluminum hydroxide and immunostimulatory glycolipid adjuvant combination for enhanced COVID-19 subunit vaccine immunogenicity. Vaccine 2024; 42:126145. [PMID: 39034218 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based subunit vaccines like RBD-Fc are promising tools to fight COVID-19. RBD-Fc fuses the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein with the Fc region of human IgG1, making it more immunogenic than RBD alone. Earlier work showed that combining RBD-Fc with iNKT cell agonists as adjuvants improved neutralizing antibodies but did not sufficiently enhance T cell responses, a limitation RBD-Fc vaccines share with common adjuvants. Here we demonstrate that aluminum hydroxide combined with α-C-GC, a C-glycoside iNKT cell agonist, significantly improved the RBD-Fc vaccine's induction of RBD-specific T-cell responses. Additionally, aluminum hydroxide with α-GC-CPOEt, a phosphonate diester derivative, synergistically elicited more robust neutralizing antibodies. Remarkably, modifying αGC with phosphate (OPO3H2) or phosphonate (CPO3H2) to potentially enhance aluminum hydroxide interaction did not improve efficacy over unmodified αGC with aluminum hydroxide. These findings underscore the straightforward yet potent potential of this approach in advancing COVID-19 vaccine development and provide insights for iNKT cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Cheng Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Ya-Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Mao-Ying Xian
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Xing Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China.
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Rodrigues TC, Figueiredo DB, Gonçalves VM, Kaneko K, Saleem IY, Miyaji EN. Liposome-based dry powder vaccine immunization targeting the lungs induces broad protection against pneumococcus. J Control Release 2024; 368:184-198. [PMID: 38395155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen. Currently used conjugate vaccines are effective against invasive disease, but protection is restricted to serotypes included in the formulation, leading to serotype replacement. Furthermore, protection against non-invasive disease is reported to be considerably lower. The development of a serotype-independent vaccine is thus important and Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a promising vaccine candidate. PspA shows some diversity and can be classified in 6 clades and 3 families, with families 1 and 2 being the most frequent in clinical isolates. The ideal vaccine should thus induce protection against the two most common families of PspA. The aim of this work was to develop a liposome-based vaccine containing PspAs from family 1 and 2 and to characterize its immune response. Liposomes (LP) composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and 3β-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]cholesterol (DC-Chol) with or without α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) were produced by microfluidics, encapsulating PspA from clade 1 (PspA1, family 1) and/or clade 4 (PspA4Pro, family 2) followed by spray-drying with trehalose to form nanocomposite microparticles carriers (NCMP). LP/NCMPs showed good stability and preservation of protein activity. LP/NCMPs containing PspA1 and/or PspA4Pro were used for immunization of mice targeting the lungs. High serum IgG antibody titers against both PspA1 and PspA4Pro were detected in animals immunized with LP/NCMPs containing α-GalCer, with a balance of IgG1 and IgG2a titers. IgG in sera from immunized mice bound to pneumococcal strains from different serotypes and expressing different PspA clades, indicating broad recognition. Mucosal IgG and IgA were also detected. Importantly, immunization with LP/NCMPs induced full protection against strains expressing PspAs from family 1 and 2. Furthermore, CD4+ resident memory T cells were detected in the lungs of the immunized animals that survived the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D B Figueiredo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V M Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Kaneko
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - I Y Saleem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom.
| | - E N Miyaji
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Burn OK, Dasyam N, Hermans IF. Recruiting Natural Killer T Cells to Improve Vaccination: Lessons from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:31-43. [PMID: 38421712 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023049407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The capacity of type I natural killer T (NKT) cells to provide stimulatory signals to antigen-presenting cells has prompted preclinical research into the use of agonists as immune adjuvants, with much of this work focussed on stimulating T cell responses to cancer. In attempting to evaluate this approach in the clinic, our recent dendritic-cell based study failed to show an advantage to adding an agonist to the vaccine. Here we present potential limitations of the study, and suggest why other simpler strategies may be more effective. These include strategies to target antigen-presenting cells in the host, either through promoting efficient transfer from injected cell lines, facilitating uptake of antigen and agonist as injected conjugates, or encapsulating the components into injected nanovectors. While the vaccine landscape has changed with the rapid uptake of mRNA vaccines, we suggest that there is still a role for recruiting NKT cells in altering T cell differentiation programmes, notably the induction of resident memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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Role of NKT cells in cancer immunotherapy-from bench to bed. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:29. [PMID: 36460881 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a specific T cell subset known to express the αβ-T cell receptor (TCR) for antigens identification and express typical NK cell specifications, such as surface expression of CD56 and CD16 markers as well as production of granzyme. Human NKT cells are divided into two subgroups based on their cytokine receptor and TCR repertoire. Both of them are CD1-restricted and recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules. Studies have demonstrated that these cells are essential in defense against malignancies. These cells secret proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines that stimulate or suppress immune system responses. In several murine tumor models, activation of type I NKT cells induces tumor rejection and inhibits metastasis's spread. However, type II NKT cells are associated with an inhibitory and regulatory function during tumor immune responses. Variant NKT cells may suppress tumor immunity via different mechanisms that require cross-talk with other immune-regulatory cells. NKT-like cells display high tumor-killing abilities against many tumor cells. In the recent decade, different studies have been performed based on the application of NKT-based immunotherapy for cancer therapy. Moreover, manipulation of NKT cells through administering autologous dendritic cell (DC) loaded with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and direct α-GalCer injection has also been tested. In this review, we described different subtypes of NKT cells, their function in the anti-tumor immune responses, and the application of NKT cells in cancer immunotherapy from bench to bed.
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Khan MA, Khan A, Alzohairy MA, Alruwetei AM, Alsahli MA, Allemailem KS, Alrumaihi F, Almatroudi A, Alhatlani BY, Rugaie OA, Malik A. Encapsulation of MERS antigen into α-GalCer-bearing-liposomes elicits stronger effector and memory immune responses in immunocompetent and leukopenic mice. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE 2022; 34:102124. [PMID: 35663348 PMCID: PMC9135648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Here, we prepared a liposome-based vaccine formulation containing Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus papain-like protease (MERS-CoV-PLpro). Methods A persistent leukopenic condition was induced in mice by injecting cyclophosphamide (CYP) three days before each dose of immunization. Mice were immunized on days 0, 14 and 21 with α-GalCer-bearing MERS-CoV PLpro-encapsulated DPPC-liposomes (α-GalCer-MERS-PLpro-liposomes or MERS-CoV PLpo-encapsulated DPPC-liposomes (MERS-PLpro-liposomes), whereas the antigen emulsified in Alum (MERS-PLpro-Alum) was taken as a control. On day 26, the blood was taken from the immunized mice to analyze IgG titer, whereas the splenocytes were used to analyze the lymphocyte proliferation and the level of cytokines. In order to assess the memory immune response, mice were given a booster dose after 150 days of the last immunization. Results The higher levels of MERS-CoV-PLpro-specific antibody titer, IgG2a and lymphocyte proliferation were noticed in mice immunized with α-GalCer-MERS-PLpro-liposomes. Besides, the splenocytes from mice immunized with α-GalCer-MERS-PLpro-liposomes produced larger amounts of IFN-γ as compared to the splenocytes from MERS-PLpro-liposomes or MERS- PLpro-Alum immunized mice. Importantly, an efficient antigen-specific memory immune response was observed in α-GalCer-MERS-PLpro-liposomes immunized mice. Conclusions These findings suggest that α-GalCer-MERS-PLpro-liposomes may substantiate to be a successful vaccine formulation against MERS-CoV infection, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Alam Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen M Alruwetei
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Y Alhatlani
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Applied College, Qassim University, Unayzah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unayzah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Khan MA, Malik A, Alruwetei A, Alzohairy MA, Alhatlani BY, Al Rugaie O, Alhumaydhi FA, Khan A. Delivery of MERS antigen encapsulated in α-GalCer-bearing liposomes elicits stronger antigen-specific immune responses. J Drug Target 2022; 30:884-893. [PMID: 35418263 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2066681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) effectively activates the natural killer T (NKT) cells to secrete remarkable amounts of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and therefore, acts as a potential immunoadjuvant in vaccine formulation. In the present study, we prepared α-GalCer-bearing or α-GalCer-free liposomes and loaded them with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus papain-like protease (α-GalCer-Lip-MERS-CoV PLpro or Lip- MERS-CoV PLpro). These formulations were injected in mice to investigate the antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The immunization with α-GalCer-Lip-MERS-CoV PLpro or Lip- MERS-CoV PLpro did not induce any notable toxicity in immunized mice. The results demonstrated that mice immunized with α-GalCer-Lip-MERS-CoV PLpro showed greater antigen-specific antibody titer, switching of IgG isotyping to IgG2a subclass and higher lymphocyte proliferation. Moreover, the splenocytes from α-GalCer-Lip-MERS-CoV PLpro immunized mice secreted greater levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-2 and IL-12. Interestingly, a booster dose induced stronger memory immune responses in mice previously immunized with α-GalCer-Lip-MERS-CoV PLpro. In summary, α-GalCer-Lip-MERS-CoV PLpro may prove to be a promising vaccine formulation to protect the individuals against MERS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Alam Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Alruwetei
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Y Alhatlani
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Applied College in Unayzah, Qassim University, Unayzah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unayzah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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iNKT cell agonists as vaccine adjuvants to combat infectious diseases. Carbohydr Res 2022; 513:108527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Babes L, Shim R, Kubes P. Imaging α-GalCer-activated iNKT cells in a hepatic metastatic environment. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 10:12-25. [PMID: 34785505 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer patients frequently develop liver metastases after, and perhaps as a consequence of, lifesaving surgical resection of the primary tumor. This creates a potential opportunity for prophylactic metastatic treatment with novel immunostimulatory molecules. Here, we used state-of-the-art intravital imaging of an experimental liver metastasis model to visualize the early behavior and function of invariant (i)NKT cells stimulated with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). Intravenous α-GalCer prior to tumor cell seeding in the liver significantly inhibited tumor growth. However, some seeding tumor cells survived. A multiple dosing regimen reduced tumor burden and prolonged the life of mice, whereas tumors returned within 5 days after a single dose of α-GalCer. With multiple doses of α-GalCer, iNKT cells increased in number and granularity (as did NK cells). As a result, the total number of contacts and time in contact with tumors increased substantially. In the absence of iNKT cells, the beneficial effect of α-GalCer was lost. Robust cytokine production dissipated over time. Repeated therapy, even after cytokine dissipation, led to reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival. Serial transplantation of tumors exposed to α-GalCer-activated iNKT cells did not induce greater resistance, suggesting no obvious epigenetic or genetic immunoediting in tumors exposed to activated iNKT cells. Very few tumor cells expressed CD1d in this model, and as such, adding monomers of CD1d-α-GalCer further reduced tumor growth. The data suggest early and repeated stimulation of iNKT cells with α-GalCer could have direct therapeutic benefit for colorectal cancer patients that develop metastatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Babes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond Shim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Nelson A, Lukacs JD, Johnston B. The Current Landscape of NKT Cell Immunotherapy and the Hills Ahead. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205174. [PMID: 34680322 PMCID: PMC8533824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of lipid-reactive T cells that enhance anti-tumor immunity. While preclinical studies have shown NKT cell immunotherapy to be safe and effective, clinical studies lack predictable therapeutic efficacy and no approved treatments exist. In this review, we outline the current strategies, challenges, and outlook for NKT cell immunotherapy. Abstract NKT cells are a specialized subset of lipid-reactive T lymphocytes that play direct and indirect roles in immunosurveillance and anti-tumor immunity. Preclinical studies have shown that NKT cell activation via delivery of exogenous glycolipids elicits a significant anti-tumor immune response. Furthermore, infiltration of NKT cells is associated with a good prognosis in several cancers. In this review, we aim to summarize the role of NKT cells in cancer as well as the current strategies and status of NKT cell immunotherapy. This review also examines challenges and future directions for improving the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (A.N.); (J.D.L.)
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jordan D. Lukacs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (A.N.); (J.D.L.)
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Brent Johnston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (A.N.); (J.D.L.)
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Khan MA, Khan A. Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090949. [PMID: 34579186 PMCID: PMC8473043 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells, a small population of T cells, are capable of influencing a wide range of the immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. In the present review, the antiviral role of the NKT cells and the strategies of viruses to evade the functioning of NKT cell have been illustrated. The nanoparticle-based formulations have superior immunoadjuvant potential by facilitating the efficient antigen processing and presentation that favorably elicits the antigen-specific immune response. Finally, the immunoadjuvant potential of the NKT cell ligand was explored in the development of antiviral vaccines. The use of an NKT cell-activating nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery system was supported in order to avoid the NKT cell anergy. The results from the animal and preclinical studies demonstrated that nanoparticle-incorporated NKT cell ligands may have potential implications as an immunoadjuvant in the formulation of an effective antiviral vaccine that is capable of eliciting the antigen-specific activation of the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.
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Shute T, Amiel E, Alam N, Yates JL, Mohrs K, Dudley E, Salas B, Mesa C, Serrata A, Angel D, Vincent BK, Weyers A, Lanthier PA, Vomhof-Dekrey E, Fromme R, Laughlin M, Durham O, Miao J, Shipp D, Linhardt RJ, Nash K, Leadbetter EA. Glycolipid-Containing Nanoparticle Vaccine Engages Invariant NKT Cells to Enhance Humoral Protection against Systemic Bacterial Infection but Abrogates T-Independent Vaccine Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1806-1816. [PMID: 33811104 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells enable the critical B cell humoral immune protection afforded by most effective vaccines. We and others have recently identified an alternative source of help for B cells in mice, invariant NK T (iNKT) cells. iNKT cells are innate glycolipid-specific T cells restricted to the nonpolymorphic Ag-presenting molecule CD1d. As such, iNKT cells respond to glycolipids equally well in all people, making them an appealing adjuvant for universal vaccines. We tested the potential for the iNKT glycolipid agonist, α-galactosylceramide (αGC), to serve as an adjuvant for a known human protective epitope by creating a nanoparticle that delivers αGC plus antigenic polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniae αGC-embedded nanoparticles activate murine iNKT cells and B cells in vitro and in vivo, facilitate significant dose sparing, and avoid iNKT anergy. Nanoparticles containing αGC plus S. pneumoniae polysaccharides elicits robust IgM and IgG in vivo and protect mice against lethal systemic S. pneumoniae However, codelivery of αGC via nanoparticles actually eliminated Ab protection elicited by a T-independent S. pneumoniae vaccine. This is consistent with previous studies demonstrating iNKT cell help for B cells following acute activation, but negative regulation of B cells during chronic inflammation. αGC-containing nanoparticles represent a viable platform for broadly efficacious vaccines against deadly human pathogens, but their potential for eliminating B cells under certain conditions suggests further clarity on iNKT cell interactions with B cells is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Angel
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Brandy K Vincent
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Fromme
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | - Mitchell Laughlin
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | - Olivia Durham
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | | | - Devon Shipp
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | | | - Kelly Nash
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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12
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Burn OK, Pankhurst TE, Painter GF, Connor LM, Hermans IF. Harnessing NKT cells for vaccination. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab013. [PMID: 36845569 PMCID: PMC9914585 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T cells capable of enhancing both innate and adaptive immune responses. When NKT cells are stimulated in close temporal association with co-administered antigens, strong antigen-specific immune responses can be induced, prompting the study of NKT cell agonists as novel immune adjuvants. This activity has been attributed to the capacity of activated NKT cells to act as universal helper cells, with the ability to provide molecular signals to dendritic cells and B cells that facilitate T cell and antibody responses, respectively. These signals can override the requirement for conventional CD4+ T cell help, so that vaccines can be designed without need to consider CD4+ T cell repertoire and major histocompatibility complex Class II diversity. Animal studies have highlighted some drawbacks of the approach, namely, concerns around induction of NKT cell hyporesponsiveness, which may limit vaccine boosting, and potential for toxicity. Here we highlight studies that suggest these obstacles can be overcome by targeted delivery in vivo. We also feature new studies that suggest activating NKT cells can help encourage differentiation of T cells into tissue-resident memory cells that play an important role in prophylaxis against infection, and may be required in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand
| | - Theresa E Pankhurst
- The School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33436, Petone 5046, New Zealand,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa M Connor
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand,The School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand,Correspondence address. Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand. Tel: +64 4 4996914; E-mail: (I.F.H.)
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13
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Bartneck M. Lipid nanoparticle formulations for targeting leukocytes with therapeutic RNA in liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:70-88. [PMID: 33774114 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and low-grade inflammation are promoters of a multitude of diseases including liver fibrosis. Activation of the mobile leukocytes has a major impact on the outcome of inflammatory disease and can hence foster or mitigate liver fibrosis. This renders immunological targets valuable for directed interventions using nanomedicines. Particularly, RNA-based drugs formulated as lipid nanoparticles (LNP) can open new avenues for the personalized treatment of liver fibrosis both through specific interference and via the induction of the expression of functional and therapeutic proteins. Using microfluidics technology, all components, including lipid-anchored targeting ligands, are assembled in a single-step mixing process. A highlight is set to immunologically relevant liver cell types that are most vulnerable for being reached by LNP. A selection of LNP from other therapeutic fields applicable for reaching these cells in liver fbrosis is summarized. Furthermore, recent proceedings and major obstacles in the field of these targeted LNP are presented.
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14
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Leadbetter EA, Karlsson MCI. Invariant natural killer T cells balance B cell immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 299:93-107. [PMID: 33438287 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells mediate rapid immune responses which bridge the gap between innate and adaptive responses to pathogens while also providing key regulation to maintain immune homeostasis. Both types of important iNKT immune responses are mediated through interactions with innate and adaptive B cells. As such, iNKT cells sit at the decision-making fulcrum between regulating inflammatory or autoreactive B cells and supporting protective or regulatory B cell populations. iNKT cells interpret the signals in their environment to set the tone for subsequent adaptive responses, with outcomes ranging from getting licensed to maintain homeostasis as an iNKT regulatory cell (iNKTreg ) or being activated to become an iNKT follicular helper (iNKTFH ) cell supporting pathogen-specific effector B cells. Here we review iNKT and B cell cooperation across the spectrum of immune outcomes, including during allergy and autoimmune disease, tumor surveillance and immunotherapy, or pathogen defense and vaccine responses. Because of their key role as influencers, iNKT cells provide a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. Understanding the nature of the interactions between iNKT and B cells will enable the development of clinical interventions to strategically target regulatory iNKT and B cell populations or inflammatory ones, depending on the circumstance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Leadbetter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Nanoparticle mediated cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 69:307-324. [PMID: 32259643 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The versatility and nanoscale size have helped nanoparticles (NPs) improve the efficacy of conventional cancer immunotherapy and opened up exciting approaches to combat cancer. This review first outlines the tumor immune evasion and the defensive tumor microenvironment (TME) that hinders the activity of host immune system against tumor. Then, a detailed description on how the NP based strategies have helped improve the efficacy of conventional cancer vaccines and overcome the obstacles led by TME. Sustained and controlled drug delivery, enhanced cross presentation by immune cells, co-encapsulation of adjuvants, inhibition of immune checkpoints and intrinsic adjuvant like properties have aided NPs to improve the therapeutic efficacy of cancer vaccines. Also, NPs have been efficient modulators of TME. In this context, NPs facilitate better penetration of the chemotherapeutic drug by dissolution of the inhibitory meshwork formed by tumor associated cells, blood vessels, soluble mediators and extra cellular matrix in TME. NPs achieve this by suppression, modulation, or reprogramming of the immune cells and other mediators localised in TME. This review further summarizes the applications of NPs used to enhance the efficacy of cancer vaccines and modulate the TME to improve cancer immunotherapy. Finally, the hurdles faced in commercialization and translation to clinic have been discussed and intriguingly, NPs owe great potential to emerge as clinical formulations for cancer immunotherapy in near future.
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16
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Guevara M, Jilesen Z, Stojdl D, Persano S. Codelivery of mRNA with α-Galactosylceramide Using a New Lipopolyplex Formulation Induces a Strong Antitumor Response upon Intravenous Administration. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13015-13026. [PMID: 31460428 PMCID: PMC6705043 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the use of mRNA-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy has gained growing attention. Several studies have shown that mRNA delivered in a vectorized format can generate a robust and efficient immune response. In this work, a new lipopolyplex vector (multi-LP), incorporating the immune adjuvant α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and a multivalent cationic lipid, was proposed for the in vivo delivery of mRNA into antigen-presenting cells. We demonstrate that dendritic cells (DCs) can be targeted in vivo by intravenous administration of a α-GalCer-/mRNA-loaded multi-LP vector, without the need for its functionalization with cell-specific antibodies or ligands. The multi-LP nanoparticles loaded with a reporter mRNA efficiently led to high expression of the enhanced green fluorescence protein in DCs both in vitro and in vivo, exhibiting an intrinsic selectivity for DCs. Finally, the TRP2-mRNA/α-GalCer-based multi-LP vaccine induced a significant therapeutic effect against a highly malignant B16-F10 melanoma tumor. This study provides the first evidence that a combination of antigen-mRNA and α-GalCer can be used as an effective antitumor vaccine, inducing strong innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
L. Guevara
- Children’s
Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Zachary Jilesen
- Children’s
Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David Stojdl
- Children’s
Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
- E-mail: (D.S.)
| | - Stefano Persano
- Children’s
Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
- E-mail: (S.P.)
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17
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Nano spray dryer for vectorizing α-galactosylceramide in polymeric nanoparticles: A single step process to enhance invariant Natural Killer T lymphocyte responses. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:123-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Gonzalez-Miro M, Chen S, Gonzaga ZJ, Evert B, Wibowo D, Rehm BHA. Polyester as Antigen Carrier toward Particulate Vaccines. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3213-3232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majela Gonzalez-Miro
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- Centre for Cell
Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Zennia Jean Gonzaga
- Centre for Cell
Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Benjamin Evert
- Centre for Cell
Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - David Wibowo
- Centre for Cell
Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H. A. Rehm
- Centre for Cell
Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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19
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Chen XZ, Zhang RY, Wang XF, Yin XG, Wang J, Wang YC, Liu X, Du JJ, Liu Z, Guo J. Peptide-free Synthetic Nicotine Vaccine Candidates with α-Galactosylceramide as Adjuvant. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1467-1476. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Guang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Du
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
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20
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Sainz V, Moura LI, Peres C, Matos AI, Viana AS, Wagner AM, Vela Ramirez JE, S. Barata T, Gaspar M, Brocchini S, Zloh M, Peppas NA, Satchi-Fainaro R, F. Florindo H. α-Galactosylceramide and peptide-based nano-vaccine synergistically induced a strong tumor suppressive effect in melanoma. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:193-207. [PMID: 29940370 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosylceramide (GalCer) is a glycolipid widely known as an activator of Natural killer T (NKT) cells, constituting a promising adjuvant against cancer, including melanoma. However, limited clinical outcomes have been obtained so far. This study evaluated the synergy between GalCer and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II melanoma-associated peptide antigens and the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) ligands CpG and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), which we intended to maximize following their co-delivery by a nanoparticle (NP). This is expected to improve GalCer capture by dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequent presentation to NKT cells, simultaneously inducing an anti-tumor specific T-cell mediated immunity. The combination of GalCer with melanoma peptides and TLR ligands successfully restrained tumor growth. The tumor volume in these animals was 5-fold lower than the ones presented by mice immunized with NPs not containing GalCer. However, tumor growth was controlled at similar levels by GalCer entrapped or in its soluble form, when mixed with antigens and TLR ligands. Those two groups showed an improved infiltration of T lymphocytes into the tumor, but only GalCer-loaded nano-vaccine induced a prominent and enhanced infiltration of NKT and NK cells. In addition, splenocytes of these animals secreted levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 at least 1.5-fold and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those treated with the mixture of antigens and adjuvants in solution. Overall, the combined delivery of the NKT agonist with TLR ligands and melanoma antigens via this multivalent nano-vaccine displayed a synergistic anti-tumor immune-mediated efficacy in B16F10 melanoma mouse model. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Combination of α-galactosylceramide (GalCer), a Natural Killer T (NKT) cell agonist, with melanoma-associated antigens presented by MHC class I (Melan-A:26) and MHC class II (gp100:44) molecules, and Toll-like Receptor (TLR) ligands (MPLA and CpG), within nanoparticle matrix induced a prominent anti-tumor immune response able to restrict melanoma growth. An enhanced infiltration of NKT and NK cells into tumor site was only achieved when the combination GalCer, antigens and TLR ligands were co-delivered by the nanovaccine.
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21
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Sartorius R, D'Apice L, Barba P, Cipria D, Grauso L, Cutignano A, De Berardinis P. Vectorized Delivery of Alpha-GalactosylCeramide and Tumor Antigen on Filamentous Bacteriophage fd Induces Protective Immunity by Enhancing Tumor-Specific T Cell Response. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1496. [PMID: 30002659 PMCID: PMC6031736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have exploited the properties of filamentous bacteriophage fd to deliver immunologically active lipids together with antigenic peptides. Filamentous bacteriophages resemble for size, capability to be permeable to blood vessels, and high density antigen expression, a nature-made nanoparticle. In addition, their major coat protein pVIII, which is arranged to form a tubular shield surrounding the phage genome, has a high content of hydrophobic residues promoting lipid association. We conjugated bacteriophages to alpha-GalactosylCeramide (α-GalCer), a lipid antigen-stimulating invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and capable of inducing their anti-tumoral activities. We found that bacteriophage fd/α-GalCer conjugates could repeatedly stimulate iNKT cells in vitro and in vivo, without inducing iNKT anergy. Moreover, co-delivery of α-GalCer and a MHC class I restricted tumor-associated antigenic determinant to antigen-presenting cells via bacteriophages strongly boosted adaptive CD8+ T cell response and efficiently delayed tumor progression. Co-delivery of a tumor antigen and iNKT-stimulatory lipid on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages is a novel approach to potentiate adaptive anti-cancer immune responses, overcoming the current limitations in the use of free α-GalCer and may represent an attractive alternative to existing delivery methods, opening the path to a potential translational usage of this safe, inexpensive, and versatile tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pasquale Barba
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Laura Grauso
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
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22
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Van Kaer L, Wu L. Therapeutic Potential of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:519. [PMID: 29593743 PMCID: PMC5859017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerance against self-antigens is regulated by a variety of cell types with immunoregulatory properties, such as CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. In many experimental models of autoimmunity, iNKT cells promote self-tolerance and protect against autoimmunity. These findings are supported by studies with patients suffering from autoimmune diseases. Based on these studies, the therapeutic potential of iNKT cells in autoimmunity has been explored. Many of these studies have been performed with the potent iNKT cell agonist KRN7000 or its structural variants. These findings have generated promising results in several autoimmune diseases, although mechanisms by which iNKT cells modulate autoimmunity remain incompletely understood. Here, we will review these preclinical studies and discuss the prospects for translating their findings to patients suffering from autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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23
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Khan MA, Aljarbou AN, Aldebasi YH, Alorainy MS, Rahmani AH, Younus H, Khan A. Liposomal formulation of glycosphingolipids from Sphingomonas paucimobilis induces antitumour immunity in mice. J Drug Target 2018; 26:709-719. [PMID: 29307241 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1424857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer T (NKT) cells play an important role in host's anti-tumour immune response. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) isolated from Sphingomonas paucimobilis have the ability to stimulate NKT cells. In this study, the activity of free GSLs or GSLs-incorporated liposomes (glycosphingosomes) was investigated against dimethyl-α-benzanthracene (DMBA)-induced tumours in mice. The anti-tumour immunity of GSLs- or glycosphingosomes-loaded bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) was investigated in tumour-bearing mice. The Immunotherapeutic potential of co-administration of liposomal doxorubicin (Lip-Dox) and GSLs or glycosphingosomes was assessed by measuring cytokine levels and VEGF in the tumour tissues. Pretreatment with glycosphingosomes significantly delayed the frequency of tumour formation. Immunotherapy with glycosphingosomes-loaded BMDCs increased serum IFN-γ level and survival rate in mice. The effect of immunotherapy was dependent on effector functions of NK cells because the depletion of NK cells abolished the effects of immunotherapy. There was reduced tumour growth with low expression of VEGF in the group of mice treated with glycosphingosomes and Lip-Dox combination. Moreover, the splenocytes secreted higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 and lower TGF-β level. The results of this study indicate that glycosphingosomes can induce better antitumour immunity and may be considered a novel formulation in antitumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood A Khan
- a College of Applied Medical Sciences , Qassim University , Buraydah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed N Aljarbou
- b College of Pharmacy , Qassim University , Buraydah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef H Aldebasi
- a College of Applied Medical Sciences , Qassim University , Buraydah , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Arshad H Rahmani
- a College of Applied Medical Sciences , Qassim University , Buraydah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hina Younus
- d Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , India
| | - Arif Khan
- a College of Applied Medical Sciences , Qassim University , Buraydah , Saudi Arabia
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24
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Bedard M, Salio M, Cerundolo V. Harnessing the Power of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1829. [PMID: 29326711 PMCID: PMC5741693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a distinct subset of innate-like lymphocytes bearing an invariant T-cell receptor, through which they recognize lipid antigens presented by monomorphic CD1d molecules. Upon activation, iNKT cells are capable of not only having a direct effector function but also transactivating NK cells, maturing dendritic cells, and activating B cells, through secretion of several cytokines and cognate TCR-CD1d interaction. Endowed with the ability to orchestrate an all-encompassing immune response, iNKT cells are critical in shaping immune responses against pathogens and cancer cells. In this review, we examine the critical role of iNKT cells in antitumor responses from two perspectives: (i) how iNKT cells potentiate antitumor immunity and (ii) how CD1d+ tumor cells may modulate their own expression of CD1d molecules. We further explore hypotheses to explain iNKT cell activation in the context of cancer and how the antitumor effects of iNKT cells can be exploited in different forms of cancer immunotherapy, including their role in the development of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bedard
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Lam PY, Nissen MD, Mattarollo SR. Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Immune Regulation of Blood Cancers: Harnessing Their Potential in Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1355. [PMID: 29109728 PMCID: PMC5660073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique innate T lymphocyte population that possess cytolytic properties and profound immunoregulatory activities. iNKT cells play an important role in the immune surveillance of blood cancers. They predominantly recognize glycolipid antigens presented on CD1d, but their activation and cytolytic activities are not confined to CD1d expressing cells. iNKT cell stimulation and subsequent production of immunomodulatory cytokines serve to enhance the overall antitumor immune response. Crucially, the activation of iNKT cells in cancer often precedes the activation and priming of other immune effector cells, such as NK cells and T cells, thereby influencing the generation and outcome of the antitumor immune response. Blood cancers can evade or dampen iNKT cell responses by downregulating expression of recognition receptors or by actively suppressing or diverting iNKT cell functions. This review will discuss literature on iNKT cell activity and associated dysregulation in blood cancers as well as highlight some of the strategies designed to harness and enhance iNKT cell functions against blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yeng Lam
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael D. Nissen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Mattarollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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26
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Ghinnagow R, Cruz LJ, Macho-Fernandez E, Faveeuw C, Trottein F. Enhancement of Adjuvant Functions of Natural Killer T Cells Using Nanovector Delivery Systems: Application in Anticancer Immune Therapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:879. [PMID: 28798749 PMCID: PMC5529346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I natural killer T (NKT) cells have gained considerable interest in anticancer immune therapy over the last decade. This “innate-like” T lymphocyte subset has the unique ability to recognize foreign and self-derived glycolipid antigens in association with the CD1d molecule expressed by antigen-presenting cells. An important property of these cells is to bridge innate and acquired immune responses. The adjuvant function of NKT cells might be exploited in the clinics. In this review, we discuss the approaches currently being used to target NKT cells for cancer therapy. In particular, we highlight ongoing strategies utilizing NKT cell-based nanovaccines to optimize immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ghinnagow
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France.,Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Luis Javier Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elodie Macho-Fernandez
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France.,Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France.,Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France.,Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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27
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Overcoming immunosuppression in bone metastases. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 117:114-127. [PMID: 28600175 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are present in up to 70% of advanced prostate and breast cancers and occur at significant rates in a variety of other cancers. Bone metastases can be associated with significant morbidity. The establishment of bone metastasis activates several immunosuppressive mechanisms. Hence, understanding the tumor-bone microenvironment is crucial to inform the development of novel therapies. This review describes the current standard of care for patients with bone metastatic disease and novel treatment options targeting the microenvironment. Treatments reviewed include immunotherapies, cryoablation, and targeted therapies. Combinatorial treatment strategies including targeted therapies and immunotherapies show promise in pre-clinical and clinical studies to overcome the suppressive environment and improve treatment of bone metastases.
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Peres C, Matos AI, Conniot J, Sainz V, Zupančič E, Silva JM, Graça L, Sá Gaspar R, Préat V, Florindo HF. Poly(lactic acid)-based particulate systems are promising tools for immune modulation. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:41-57. [PMID: 27826003 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most successful and versatile polymers explored for controlled delivery of bioactive molecules. Its attractive properties of biodegradability and biocompatibility in vivo have contributed in a meaningful way to the approval of different products by the FDA and EMA for a wide range of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, in the past two decades. This polymer has been widely used for the preparation of particles as delivery systems of several therapeutic molecules, including vaccines. These PLA vaccine carriers have shown to induce a sustained and targeted release of different bacterial, viral and tumor-associated antigens and adjuvants in vivo, triggering distinct immune responses. The present review intends to highlight and discuss the major advantages of PLA as a promising polymer for the development of potent vaccine delivery systems against pathogens and cancer. It aims to provide a critical discussion based on preclinical data to better understand the major effect of PLA-based carrier properties on their interaction with immune cells and thus their role in the modulation of host immunity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE During the last decades, vaccination has had a great impact on global health with the control of many severe diseases. Polymeric nanosystems have emerged as promising strategies to stabilize vaccine antigens, promoting their controlled release to phagocytic cells, thus avoiding the need for multiple administrations. One of the most promising polymers are the aliphatic polyesters, which include the poly(lactic acid). This is a highly versatile biodegradable and biocompatible polymer. Products containing this polymer have already been approved for all food and some biomedical applications. Despite all favorable characteristics presented above, PLA has been less intensively discussed than other polymers, such as its copolymer PLGA, including regarding its application in vaccination and particularly in tumor immunotherapy. The present review discusses the major advantages of poly(lactic acid) for the development of potent vaccine delivery systems, providing a critical view on the main properties that determine their effect on the modulation of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Peres
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana I Matos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Conniot
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Emergent Macromolecular Therapies, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Sainz
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Emergent Macromolecular Therapies, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Eva Zupančič
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana M Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luís Graça
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rogério Sá Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Véronique Préat
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Yang Y, Tai X, Shi K, Ruan S, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Xiang B, He Q. A New Concept of Enhancing Immuno-Chemotherapeutic Effects Against B16F10 Tumor via Systemic Administration by Taking Advantages of the Limitation of EPR Effect. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2141-2160. [PMID: 27698946 PMCID: PMC5039686 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has been comfortably accepted, and extensively assumed as a keystone in the research on tumor-targeted drug delivery system. Due to the unsatisfied tumor-targeting efficiency of EPR effect being one conspicuous drawback, nanocarriers that merely relying on EPR effect are difficult to access the tumor tissue and consequently trigger efficient tumor therapy in clinic. In the present contribution, we break up the shackles of EPR effect on nanocarriers thanks to their universal distribution characteristic. We successfully design a paclitaxel (PTX) and alpha-galactosylceramide (αGC) co-loaded TH peptide (AGYLLGHINLHHLAHL(Aib)HHIL-Cys) -modified liposome (PTX/αGC-TH-Lip) and introduce a new concept of immuno-chemotherapy combination via accumulation of these liposomes at both spleen and tumor sites naturally and simultaneously. The PTX-initiated cytotoxicity attacks tumor cells at tumor sites, meanwhile, the αGC-triggered antitumor immune response emerges at spleen tissue. Different to the case that liposomes are loaded with sole drug, in this concept two therapeutic processes effectively reinforce each other, thereby elevating the tumor therapy efficiency significantly. The data demonstrates that the PTX/αGC-TH-Lip not only possess therapeutic effect against highly malignant B16F10 melanoma tumor, but also adjust the in vivo immune status and induce a more remarkable systemic antitumor immunity that could further suppress the growth of tumor at distant site. This work exhibits the capability of the PTX/αGC-TH-Lip in improving immune-chemotherapy against tumor after systemic administration.
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Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting natural killer T cell responses in cancer. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:623-38. [PMID: 27393665 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes that bridge the innate and adaptive immune system. NKT cells possess a classic αβ T cell receptor (TCR) that is able to recognize self and foreign glycolipid antigens presented by the nonclassical class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, CD1d. Type I NKT cells (referred to as invariant NKT cells) express a semi-invariant Vα14Jα18 TCR in mice and Vα24Jα18 TCR in humans. Type II NKT cells are CD1d-restricted T cells that express a more diverse set of TCR α chains. The two types of NKT cells often exert opposing effects especially in tumor immunity, where type II cells generally suppress tumor immunity while type I NKT cells can enhance anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on the role of NKT cells in cancer. We discuss their effector and suppressive functions, as well as describe preclinical and clinical studies utilizing therapeutic strategies focused on harnessing their potent anti-tumor effector functions, and conclude with a discussion on potential next steps for the utilization of NKT cell-targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer.
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31
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Kharkwal SS, Arora P, Porcelli SA. Glycolipid activators of invariant NKT cells as vaccine adjuvants. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:597-610. [PMID: 27377623 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer T cells (NKT cells) are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes with unique phenotypic properties and a remarkably broad range of immune effector and regulatory functions. One subset of these cells, known as invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells), has become a significant focus in the search for new and better ways to enhance immunotherapies and vaccination. These unconventional T cells are characterized by their ability to be specifically activated by a range of foreign and self-derived glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d, an MHC class I-related antigen presenting molecule that has evolved to bind and present lipid antigens. The development of synthetic α-galactosylceramides as a family of powerful glycolipid agonists for iNKT cells has led to approaches for augmenting a wide variety of immune responses, including those involved in vaccination against infections and cancers. Here we review the basic background biology of iNKT cells that is relevant to their potential for improving immune responses, and summarize recent work supporting the further development of glycolipid activators of iNKT cells as a new class of vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Sharma Kharkwal
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Pooja Arora
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Steven A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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32
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Bobbala S, Hook S. Is There an Optimal Formulation and Delivery Strategy for Subunit Vaccines? Pharm Res 2016; 33:2078-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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33
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Salvador A, Sandgren KJ, Liang F, Thompson EA, Koup RA, Pedraz JL, Hernandez RM, Loré K, Igartua M. Design and evaluation of surface and adjuvant modified PLGA microspheres for uptake by dendritic cells to improve vaccine responses. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:371-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Khan MA, Aljarbou AN, Aldebasi YH, Alorainy MS, Khan A. Combination of glycosphingosomes and liposomal doxorubicin shows increased activity against dimethyl-α-benzanthracene-induced fibrosarcoma in mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6331-8. [PMID: 26504383 PMCID: PMC4605236 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s86467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the antitumor effect of glycosphingolipid-incorporated liposomes (glycosphingosomes) in combination with liposomal doxorubicin (Lip-Dox) in a mouse model of fibrosarcoma. Glycosphingosomes were prepared by incorporating glycosphingolipids isolated from Sphingomonas paucimobilis into the liposomes of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, cholesterol, and cardiolipin. Tumors were induced by administering dimethyl-α-benzanthracene, and tumor-bearing mice were treated with various formulations of Dox, including free Dox, Lip-Dox, or glycosphingosomes + Lip-Dox. Mice were observed for 90 days to monitor their survival and tumor size. Free Dox, but not Lip-Dox or a combination of glycosphingosomes and Lip-Dox, caused the substantial depletion of leukocytes and significantly increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase in mice. Tumor-bearing mice treated with a combination of glycosphingosomes and Lip-Dox showed restricted tumor growth and increased survival when compared to those treated with free Dox or Lip-Dox. The results of the present study suggest that a combination of glycosphingosomes and Lip-Dox may prove to be very effective in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood A Khan
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yousef H Aldebasi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Arif Khan
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Neumann S, Young K, Compton B, Anderson R, Painter G, Hook S. Synthetic TRP2 long-peptide and α-galactosylceramide formulated into cationic liposomes elicit CD8+ T-cell responses and prevent tumour progression. Vaccine 2015; 33:5838-5844. [PMID: 26363382 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The lipid antigen α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is a potent activator of invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT cells) and can stimulate cytotoxic and anti-tumour immune responses. However optimal responses appear to be induced by α-GalCer when cell-based vaccines are delivered intravenously. Here we investigated if co-delivery of protein and peptide antigens along with α-GalCer in a liposomal formulation could stimulate therapeutic anti-tumour immune responses. Cationic liposomes were inherently immune-stimulatory and induced cytotoxic immune responses when delivered both by intravenous and subcutaneous injection. However, only vaccine delivered intravenously stimulated therapeutic anti-tumour immune responses to a peptide antigen. Surface modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG) did not improve immune responses to either intravenously or subcutaneously delivered vaccines. Immune responses to short and long peptide sequences (CD8 and CD4 epitopes) of the self-antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2) as a vaccine antigen, co-delivered with α-GalCer in either cationic liposomes or PBS were further examined. Enhanced production of IFN-γ, increased cytotoxic T-cell responses and tumour survival were observed when a long TRP2-peptide was delivered with α-GalCer in cationic liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Neumann
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Katie Young
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Benji Compton
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33436, Petone, 5046 Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Regan Anderson
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33436, Petone, 5046 Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gavin Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33436, Petone, 5046 Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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36
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Dölen Y, Kreutz M, Gileadi U, Tel J, Vasaturo A, van Dinther EAW, van Hout-Kuijer MA, Cerundolo V, Figdor CG. Co-delivery of PLGA encapsulated invariant NKT cell agonist with antigenic protein induce strong T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1068493. [PMID: 26942088 PMCID: PMC4760331 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1068493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antitumor immunity can be enhanced by the coordinated release and delivery of antigens and immune-stimulating agents to antigen-presenting cells via biodegradable vaccine carriers. So far, encapsulation of TLR ligands and tumor-associated antigens augmented cytotoxic T cell (CTLs) responses. Here, we compared the efficacy of the invariant NKT (iNKT) cell agonist α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and TLR ligands (R848 and poly I:C) as an adjuvant for the full length ovalbumin (OVA) in PLGA nanoparticles. We observed that OVA+α-GalCer nanoparticles (NP) are superior over OVA+TLR-L NP in generating and stimulating antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes without the need for CD4+ T cell help. Not only a 4-fold higher induction of antigen-specific T cells was observed, but also a more profound IFN-γ secretion was obtained by the addition α-GalCer. Surprisingly, we observed that mixtures of OVA containing NP with α-GalCer were ineffective, demonstrating that co-encapsulation of both α-GalCer and antigen within the same nanoparticle is essential for the observed T cell responses. Moreover, a single immunization with OVA+α-GalCer NP provided substantial protection from tumor formation and even delayed the growth of already established tumors, which coincided with a prominent and enhanced antigen-specific CD8+ T cell infiltration. The provided evidence on the advantage of antigen and α-GalCer coencapsulation should be considered in the design of future nanoparticle vaccines for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Dölen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Kreutz
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Vasaturo
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A. W. van Dinther
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike A. van Hout-Kuijer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carl G. Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lemmer Y, Kalombo L, Pietersen RD, Jones AT, Semete-Makokotlela B, Van Wyngaardt S, Ramalapa B, Stoltz AC, Baker B, Verschoor JA, Swai HS, de Chastellier C. Mycolic acids, a promising mycobacterial ligand for targeting of nanoencapsulated drugs in tuberculosis. J Control Release 2015; 211:94-104. [PMID: 26055640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) poses a great challenge to the development of novel treatment programmes to combat tuberculosis. Since innovative nanotechnologies might alleviate the limitations of current therapies, we have designed a new nanoformulation for use as an anti-TB drug delivery system. It consists of incorporating mycobacterial cell wall mycolic acids (MA) as targeting ligands into a drug-encapsulating Poly dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid polymer (PLGA), via a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages, either uninfected or infected with different mycobacterial strains (Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium bovis BCG or Mtb), were exposed to encapsulated isoniazid-PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) using MA as a targeting ligand. The fate of the NPs was monitored by electron microscopy. Our study showed that i) the inclusion of MA in the nanoformulations resulted in their expression on the outer surface and a significant increase in phagocytic uptake of the NPs; ii) nanoparticle-containing phagosomes were rapidly processed into phagolysosomes, whether MA had been included or not; and iii) nanoparticle-containing phagolysosomes did not fuse with non-matured mycobacterium-containing phagosomes, but fusion events with mycobacterium-containing phagolysosomes were clearly observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolandy Lemmer
- Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Lonji Kalombo
- Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ray-Dean Pietersen
- DST-CBTBR Department Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | | | | | - Bathabile Ramalapa
- Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anton C Stoltz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bienyameen Baker
- DST-CBTBR Department Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jan A Verschoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hulda S Swai
- Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chantal de Chastellier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille University, UM 2, INSERM UMR 1104, CNRS UMR 7280, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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38
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Van Kaer L, Parekh VV, Wu L. The Response of CD1d-Restricted Invariant NKT Cells to Microbial Pathogens and Their Products. Front Immunol 2015; 6:226. [PMID: 26029211 PMCID: PMC4429631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells become activated during a wide variety of infections. This includes organisms lacking cognate CD1d-binding glycolipid antigens recognized by the semi-invariant T cell receptor of iNKT cells. Additional studies have shown that iNKT cells also become activated in vivo in response to microbial products such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a potent inducer of cytokine production in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Other studies have shown that iNKT cells are highly responsive to stimulation by cytokines such as interleukin-12. These findings have led to the concept that microbial pathogens can activate iNKT cells either directly via glycolipids or indirectly by inducing cytokine production in APCs. iNKT cells activated in this manner produce multiple cytokines that can influence the outcome of infection, usually in favor of the host, although potent iNKT cell activation may contribute to an uncontrolled cytokine storm and sepsis. One aspect of the response of iNKT cells to microbial pathogens is that it is short-lived and followed by an extended time period of unresponsiveness to reactivation. This refractory period may represent a means to avoid chronic activation and cytokine production by iNKT cells, thus protecting the host against some of the negative effects of iNKT cell activation, but potentially putting the host at risk for secondary infections. These effects of microbial pathogens and their products on iNKT cells are not only important for understanding the role of these cells in immune responses against infections but also for the development of iNKT cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Vrajesh V Parekh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN , USA
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DeLyria ES, Zhou D, Lee JS, Singh S, Song W, Li F, Sun Q, Lu H, Wu J, Qiao Q, Hu Y, Zhang G, Li C, Sastry KJ, Shen H. Sublingual injection of microparticles containing glycolipid ligands for NKT cells and subunit vaccines induces antibody responses in oral cavity. Carbohydr Res 2015; 405:87-92. [PMID: 25555750 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are a unique type of innate immune cells which exert paradoxical roles in animal models through producing either Th1 or Th2 cytokines and activating dendritic cells. Alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), a synthetic antigen for NKT cells, was found to be safe and immune stimulatory in cancer and hepatitis patients. We recently developed microparticle-formulated αGalCer, which is selectively presented by dendritic cells and macrophages, but not B cells, and thus can avoid the anergy of NKT cells. In this study, we have examined the immunogenicity of microparticles containing αGalCer and protein vaccine components through sublingual injection in mice. The results showed that sublingual injection of microparticles containing αGalCer and ovalbumin triggered IgG responses in serum (titer >1:100,000), which persisted for more than 3months. Microparticles containing ovalbumin alone also induced comparable level of IgG responses. However, immunoglobulin subclass analysis showed that sublingually injected microparticles containing αGalCer and ovalbumin induced 20 fold higher Th1 biased antibody (IgG2c) than microparticles containing OVA alone (1:20,000 as compared to 1:1000 titer). Sublingual injection of microparticles containing αGalCer and ovalbumin induced secretion of both IgG (titer >1:1000) and IgA (titer=1:80) in saliva secretion, while microparticles containing ovalbumin alone only induced secretion of IgG in saliva. Our results suggest that sublingual injection of microparticles and their subsequent trafficking to draining lymph nodes may induce adaptive immune responses in mucosal compartments. Ongoing studies are focused on the mechanism of antigen presentation and lymphocyte biology in the oral cavity, as well as the toxicity and efficacy of these candidate microparticles for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S DeLyria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dapeng Zhou
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Soo Lee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shailbala Singh
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenge Li
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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40
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Carreño LJ, Kharkwal SS, Porcelli SA. Optimizing NKT cell ligands as vaccine adjuvants. Immunotherapy 2015; 6:309-20. [PMID: 24762075 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cells are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes with phenotypic properties of both T and NK cells and a wide range of immune effector properties. In particular, one subset of these cells, known as invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells), has attracted substantial attention because of their ability to be specifically activated by glycolipid antigens presented by a cell surface protein called CD1d. The development of synthetic α-galactosylceramides as a family of powerful glycolipid agonists for iNKT cells has led to approaches for augmenting a wide variety of immune responses, including those involved in vaccination against infections and cancers. Here, we review basic, preclinical and clinical observations supporting approaches to improving immune responses through the use of iNKT cell-activating glycolipids. Results from preclinical animal studies and preliminary clinical studies in humans identify many promising applications for this approach in the development of vaccines and novel immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro J Carreño
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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41
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Robertson FC, Berzofsky JA, Terabe M. NKT cell networks in the regulation of tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2014; 5:543. [PMID: 25389427 PMCID: PMC4211539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells lie at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems and are important mediators of immune responses and tumor immunosurveillance. These NKT cells uniquely recognize lipid antigens, and their rapid yet specific reactions influence both innate and adaptive immunity. In tumor immunity, two NKT subsets (type I and type II) have contrasting roles in which they not only cross-regulate one another, but also impact innate immune cell populations, including natural killer, dendritic, and myeloid lineage cells, as well as adaptive populations, especially CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The extent to which NKT cells promote or suppress surrounding cells affects the host’s ability to prevent neoplasia and is consequently of great interest for therapeutic development. Data have shown the potential for therapeutic use of NKT cell agonists and synergy with immune response modifiers in both pre-clinical studies and preliminary clinical studies. However, there is room to improve treatment efficacy by further elucidating the biological mechanisms underlying NKT cell networks. Here, we discuss the progress made in understanding NKT cell networks, their consequent role in the regulation of tumor immunity, and the potential to exploit that knowledge in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith C Robertson
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
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42
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Faveeuw C, Trottein F. Optimization of natural killer T cell-mediated immunotherapy in cancer using cell-based and nanovector vaccines. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1632-8. [PMID: 24599135 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) represents a new class of immune stimulators and vaccine adjuvants that activate type I natural killer T (NKT) cells to swiftly release cytokines and to exert helper functions for acquired immune responses. This unique property prompted clinicians to exploit the antitumor potential of NKT cells. Here, we review the effects of α-GalCer in (pre)clinics and discuss current and future strategies that aim to optimize NKT cell-mediated antitumor therapy, with a particular focus on cell-based and nanovector vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Faveeuw
- Authors' Affiliations: Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204; Université Lille Nord de France; Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, Lille, France
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43
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Vomhof-DeKrey EE, Yates J, Leadbetter EA. Invariant NKT cells provide innate and adaptive help for B cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 28:12-7. [PMID: 24514004 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
B cells rely on CD4(+) T cells helper signals to optimize their responses to T-dependent antigens. Recently another subset of T cells has been identified which provides help for B cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. iNKT cells are unique because they provide both innate and adaptive forms of help to B cells, with divergent outcomes. iNKT cells are widely distributed throughout the spleen at rest, consolidate in the marginal zone of the spleen early after activation, and are later found in germinal centers. Understanding the activation requirements for iNKT cells has led to the development of glycolipid containing nanoparticles which efficiently activate iNKT cells, enhance their cooperation with B cells, and which hold promise for vaccine development.
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Gehrmann U, Hiltbrunner S, Näslund TI, Gabrielsson S. Potentiating antitumor immunity with αGC-loaded exosomes. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26261. [PMID: 24353911 PMCID: PMC3862686 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality since it bears the potential of being highly specific, but effective clinical applications are still under development. We have recently described an exosome-based strategy for co-delivery of α-galactosylceramide and a tumor-associated antigen that synergistically potentiates tumor-specific adaptive immune responses while preventing the anergy of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. We propose that the next generation of exosome-based immunotherapies should involve iNKT-cell ligands to induce a broad, amplified and sustainable antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Gehrmann
- Translational Immunology Unit; Department of Medicine; Solna, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Hiltbrunner
- Translational Immunology Unit; Department of Medicine; Solna, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tanja I Näslund
- Translational Immunology Unit; Department of Medicine; Solna, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Translational Immunology Unit; Department of Medicine; Solna, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Yang JQ, Kim PJ, Halder RC, Singh RR. Intrinsic hyporesponsiveness of invariant natural killer T cells precedes the onset of lupus. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 173:18-27. [PMID: 23607366 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display reduced numbers and functions of invariant natural killer T (iNK T) cells, which are restored upon treatment with corticosteroids and rituximab. It is unclear whether the iNK T cell insufficiency is a consequence of disease or is a primary abnormality that precedes the onset of disease. To address this, we analysed iNK T cell function at different stages of disease development using the genetically lupus-susceptible NZB × NZW F1 (BWF(1)) model. We found that iNK T cell in-vivo cytokine responses to an iNK T cell ligand α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) were lower in BWF(1) mice than in non-autoimmune BALB/c and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched NZB × N/B10.PL F1 mice, although iNK T cell numbers in the periphery were unchanged in BWF(1) mice compared to control mice. Such iNK T cell hyporesponsiveness in BWF(1) mice was detected at a young age long before the animals exhibited any sign of autoimmunity. In-vivo activation of iNK T cells is known to transactivate other immune cells. Such transactivated T and B cell activation markers and/or cytokine responses were also lower in BWF(1) mice than in BALB/c controls. Finally, we show that iNK T cell responses were markedly deficient in the NZB parent but not in NZW parent of BWF(1) mice, suggesting that BWF(1) might inherit the iNK T cell defect from NZB mice. Thus, iNK T cells are functionally insufficient in lupus-prone BWF(1) mice. Such iNK T cell insufficiency precedes the onset of disease and may play a pathogenic role during early stages of disease development in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Q Yang
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, USA
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46
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Gehrmann U, Hiltbrunner S, Georgoudaki AM, Karlsson MC, Näslund TI, Gabrielsson S. Synergistic induction of adaptive antitumor immunity by codelivery of antigen with α-galactosylceramide on exosomes. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3865-76. [PMID: 23658368 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes and the invariant NKT (iNKT) immune cell ligand α-galactosylceramide (αGC) may offer novel tools for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated whether exosomes loaded with αGC can activate iNKT cells and potentiate a cancer-specific adaptive immune response. αGC loaded exosomes readily activated iNKT cells both in vitro and in vivo. Exosomes loaded with αGC plus the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) induced potent NK and γδ T-cell innate immune responses, and they also synergistically amplified T- and B-cell responses that were OVA specific. In contrast to soluble αGC, which anergizes iNKT cells, we found that αGC/OVA-loaded exosomes did not induce iNKT cell anergy but were more potent than soluble αGC + OVA in inducing adaptive immune responses. In an OVA-expressing mouse model of melanoma, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with αGC/OVA-loaded exosomes decreased tumor growth, increased antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell tumor infiltration, and increased median survival, relative to control mice immunized with soluble αGC + OVA alone. Notably, an additional injection of αGC/OVA-loaded exosomes further augmented the treatment effects. Our findings show that exosomes loaded with protein antigen and αGC will activate adaptive immunity in the absence of triggering iNKT-cell anergy, supporting their application in the design of a broad variety of cancer immunotherapy trials.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1d/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Clonal Anergy
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Exosomes/immunology
- Female
- Galactosylceramides/administration & dosage
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Tumor Burden/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Gehrmann
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Translational Immunology Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Effective stimulation of invariant natural killer T cells by oligomannose-coated liposomes. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:685-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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48
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Su X, Mohamed Moinuddeen SK, Mori L, Nallani M. Hybrid polymersomes: facile manipulation of vesicular surfaces for enhancing cellular interaction. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:5751-5755. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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49
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Craparo EF, Bondì ML. Application of polymeric nanoparticles in immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 12:658-64. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3283588c57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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50
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Sun W, Subrahmanyam PB, East JE, Webb TJ. Connecting the dots: artificial antigen presenting cell-mediated modulation of natural killer T cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 32:505-16. [PMID: 23050947 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells constitute an important subset of T cells that can both directly and indirectly mediate antitumor immunity. However, we and others have reported that cancer patients have a reduction in both NKT cell number and function. NKT cells can be stimulated and expanded with α-GalCer and cytokines and these expanded NKT cells retain their phenotype, remain responsive to antigenic stimulation, and display cytotoxic function against tumor cell lines. These data strongly favor the use of ex vivo expanded NKT cells in adoptive immunotherapy. NKT cell based-immunotherapy has been limited by the use of autologous antigen-presenting cells, which can vary substantially in their quantity and quality. A standardized system that relies on artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) could produce the stimulating effects of dendritic cell (DC) without the pitfalls of allo- or xenogeneic cells. In this review, we discuss the progress that has been made using CD1d-based aAPC and how this acellular antigen presenting system can be used in the future to enhance our understanding of NKT cell biology and to develop NKT cell-specific adoptive immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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