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Murr M, Freuling C, Pérez-Bravo D, Grund C, Mettenleiter TC, Römer-Oberdörfer A, Müller T, Finke S. Immune response after oral immunization of goats and foxes with an NDV vectored rabies vaccine candidate. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011639. [PMID: 38408125 PMCID: PMC10919857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination of the reservoir species is a key component in the global fight against rabies. For wildlife reservoir species and hard to reach spillover species (e. g. ruminant farm animals), oral vaccination is the only solution. In search for a novel potent and safe oral rabies vaccine, we generated a recombinant vector virus based on lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain Clone 30 that expresses the glycoprotein G of rabies virus (RABV) vaccine strain SAD L16 (rNDV_GRABV). Transgene expression and virus replication was verified in avian and mammalian cells. To test immunogenicity and viral shedding, in a proof-of-concept study six goats and foxes, representing herbivore and carnivore species susceptible to rabies, each received a single dose of rNDV_GRABV (108.5 TCID50/animal) by direct oral application. For comparison, three animals received the similar dose of the empty viral vector (rNDV). All animals remained clinically inconspicuous during the trial. Viral RNA could be isolated from oral and nasal swabs until four (goats) or seven days (foxes) post vaccination, while infectious NDV could not be re-isolated. After four weeks, three out of six rNDV_GRABV vaccinated foxes developed RABV binding and virus neutralizing antibodies. Five out of six rNDV_GRABV vaccinated goats displayed RABV G specific antibodies either detected by ELISA or RFFIT. Additionally, NDV and RABV specific T cell activity was demonstrated in some of the vaccinated animals by detecting antigen specific interferon γ secretion in lymphocytes isolated from pharyngeal lymph nodes. In conclusion, the NDV vectored rabies vaccine rNDV_GRABV was safe and immunogenic after a single oral application in goats and foxes, and highlight the potential of NDV as vector for oral vaccines in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Murr
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Conrad Freuling
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - David Pérez-Bravo
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christian Grund
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angela Römer-Oberdörfer
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stefan Finke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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2
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Murr M, Mettenleiter T. Negative-Strand RNA Virus-Vectored Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2786:51-87. [PMID: 38814390 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3770-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Vectored RNA vaccines offer a variety of possibilities to engineer targeted vaccines. They are cost-effective and safe, but replication competent, activating the humoral as well as the cellular immune system.This chapter focuses on RNA vaccines derived from negative-strand RNA viruses from the order Mononegavirales with special attention to Newcastle disease virus-based vaccines and their generation. It shall provide an overview on the advantages and disadvantages of certain vector platforms as well as their scopes of application, including an additional section on experimental COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Murr
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Thomas Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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3
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Alkan C, Jurado-Cobena E, Ikegami T. Advancements in Rift Valley fever vaccines: a historical overview and prospects for next generation candidates. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:171. [PMID: 37925544 PMCID: PMC10625542 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes and causes abortion storms, fetal malformations, and newborn animal deaths in livestock ruminants. In humans, RVF can manifest as hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or retinitis. Outbreaks of RVF have been occurring in Africa since the early 20th century and continue to pose a threat to both humans and animals in various regions such as Africa, Madagascar, the Comoros, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. The development of RVF vaccines is crucial in preventing mortality and morbidity and reducing the spread of the virus. While several veterinary vaccines have been licensed in endemic countries, there are currently no licensed RVF vaccines for human use. This review provides an overview of the existing RVF vaccines, as well as potential candidates for future studies on RVF vaccine development, including next-generation vaccines that show promise in combating the disease in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Alkan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Eduardo Jurado-Cobena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Tetsuro Ikegami
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- The Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- The Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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4
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Pavulraj S, Stout RW, Barras ED, Paulsen DB, Chowdhury SI. A Novel Quadruple Gene-Deleted BoHV-1-Vectored RVFV Subunit Vaccine Induces Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Rift Valley Fever in Calves. Viruses 2023; 15:2183. [PMID: 38005861 PMCID: PMC10674938 DOI: 10.3390/v15112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is considered to be a high biodefense priority based on its threat to livestock and its ability to cause human hemorrhagic fever. RVFV-infected livestock are also a significant risk factor for human infection by direct contact with contaminated blood, tissues, and aborted fetal materials. Therefore, livestock vaccination in the affected regions has the direct dual benefit and one-health approach of protecting the lives of millions of animals and eliminating the risk of severe and sometimes lethal human Rift Valley fever (RVF) disease. Recently, we have developed a bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) quadruple gene mutant virus (BoHV-1qmv) vector that lacks virulence and immunosuppressive properties due to the deletion of envelope proteins UL49.5, glycoprotein G (gG), gE cytoplasmic tail, and US9 coding sequences. In the current study, we engineered the BoHV-1qmv further by incorporating a chimeric gene sequence to express a proteolytically cleavable polyprotein: RVFV envelope proteins Gn ectodomain sequence fused with bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) and Gc, resulting in a live BoHV-1qmv-vectored subunit vaccine against RVFV for livestock. In vitro, the resulting recombinant virus, BoHV-1qmv Sub-RVFV, was replicated in cell culture with high titers. The chimeric Gn-GMCSF and Gc proteins expressed by the vaccine virus formed the Gn-Gc complex. In calves, the BoHV-1qmv Sub-RVFV vaccination was safe and induced moderate levels of the RVFV vaccine strain, MP12-specific neutralizing antibody titers. Additionally, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the vaccinated calves had six-fold increased levels of interferon-gamma transcription compared with that of the BoHV-1qmv (vector)-vaccinated calves when stimulated with heat-inactivated MP12 antigen in vitro. Based on these findings, we believe that a single dose of BoHV-1qmv Sub-RVFV vaccine generated a protective RVFV-MP12-specific humoral and cellular immune response. Therefore, the BoHV-1qmv sub-RVFV can potentially be a protective subunit vaccine for cattle against RVFV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shafiqul I. Chowdhury
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (S.P.); (R.W.S.); (E.D.B.); (D.B.P.)
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5
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Allam AM, Elbayoumy MK, Ghazy AA. Perspective vaccines for emerging viral diseases in farm animals. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2023; 12:179-192. [PMID: 37599803 PMCID: PMC10435774 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2023.12.3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The world has watched the emergence of numerous animal viruses that may threaten animal health which were added to the perpetual growing list of animal pathogens. This emergence drew the attention of the experts and animal health groups to the fact that it has become necessary to work on vaccine development. The current review aims to explore the perspective vaccines for emerging viral diseases in farm animals. This aim was fulfilled by focusing on modern technologies as well as next generation vaccines that have been introduced in the field of vaccines, either in clinical developments pending approval, or have already come to light and have been applied to animals with acceptable results such as viral-vectored vaccines, virus-like particles, and messenger RNA-based platforms. Besides, it shed the light on the importance of differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals technology in eradication programs of emerging viral diseases. The new science of nanomaterials was explored to elucidate its role in vaccinology. Finally, the role of Bioinformatics or Vaccinomics and its assist in vaccine designing and developments were discussed. The reviewing of the published manuscripts concluded that the use of conventional vaccines is considered an out-of-date approach in eliminating emerging diseases. However, these types of vaccines are considered the suitable plan especially in countries with few resources and capabilities. Piloted vaccines that rely on genetic-based technologies with continuous analyses of current viruses should be the aim of future vaccinology. Smart genomics of emerging viruses will be the gateway to choosing appropriate vaccines, regardless of the evolutionary rates of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohammad Allam
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Karam Elbayoumy
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Abdelmoneam Ghazy
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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de Swart RL, de Leeuw OS, Oreshkova N, Gerhards NM, Albulescu IC, Vreman S, Gonzales JL, Maas R, van Kuppeveld FJM, Soema P, Bosch BJ, Peeters BPH. Intranasal administration of a live-attenuated recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein induces high neutralizing antibody levels and protects from experimental challenge infection in hamsters. Vaccine 2022; 40:4676-4681. [PMID: 35820941 PMCID: PMC9257146 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 resulted in the COVID-19 pandemic. Recurring disease outbreaks repeatedly overloaded the public health sector and severely affected the global economy. We developed a candidate COVID-19 vaccine based on a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine vector, encoding a pre-fusion stabilized full-length Spike protein obtained from the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan isolate. Vaccination of hamsters by intra-muscular injection or intra-nasal instillation induced high neutralizing antibody responses. Intranasal challenge infection with SARS-CoV-2 strain Lelystad demonstrated that both vaccination routes provided partial protection in the upper respiratory tract, and almost complete protection in the lower respiratory tract, as measured by suppressed viral loads and absence of histological lung lesions. Activity wheel measurements demonstrated that animals vaccinated by intranasal inoculation rapidly recovered to normal activity. NDV constructs encoding the spike of SARS-CoV-2 may be attractive candidates for development of intra-nasal COVID-19 booster vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik L de Swart
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | - Irina C Albulescu
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology - Virology section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Vreman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | | | - Riks Maas
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology - Virology section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Berend-Jan Bosch
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology - Virology section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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7
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Fulber JPC, Kamen AA. Development and Scalable Production of Newcastle Disease Virus-Vectored Vaccines for Human and Veterinary Use. Viruses 2022; 14:975. [PMID: 35632717 PMCID: PMC9143368 DOI: 10.3390/v14050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for efficient vaccine platforms that can rapidly be developed and manufactured on a large scale to immunize the population against emerging viruses. Viral-vectored vaccines are prominent vaccine platforms that have been approved for use against the Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2. The Newcastle Disease Virus is a promising viral vector, as an avian paramyxovirus that infects poultry but is safe for use in humans and other animals. NDV has been extensively studied not only as an oncolytic virus but also a vector for human and veterinary vaccines, with currently ongoing clinical trials for use against SARS-CoV-2. However, there is a gap in NDV research when it comes to process development and scalable manufacturing, which are critical for future approved vaccines. In this review, we summarize the advantages of NDV as a viral vector, describe the steps and limitations to generating recombinant NDV constructs, review the advances in human and veterinary vaccine candidates in pre-clinical and clinical tests, and elaborate on production in embryonated chicken eggs and cell culture. Mainly, we discuss the existing data on NDV propagation from a process development perspective and provide prospects for the next steps necessary to potentially achieve large-scale NDV-vectored vaccine manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
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8
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Zhang S, Yan F, Liu D, Li E, Feng N, Xu S, Wang H, Gao Y, Yang S, Zhao Y, Xia X. Bacterium-Like Particles Displaying the Rift Valley Fever Virus Gn Head Protein Induces Efficacious Immune Responses in Immunized Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:799942. [PMID: 35369468 PMCID: PMC8969503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.799942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic phlebovirus, causes serious disease in humans and ruminants. According to the World Health Organization, Rift Valley fever is classified as a priority disease, and as such, vaccine development is of high priority due to the lack of licensed vaccines. In this study, a bacterium-like particle vaccine (BLP), RVFV-BLPs, is constructed. A novel display system is described, which is based on non-living and non-genetically modified Gram-positive bacterial cells, designated as Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM). The RVFV Gn head protein was displayed on the surface of GEM by co-expression with the peptidoglycan-binding domain (protein anchor) at the C-terminus. We determined that the RVFV Gn head-PA fusion protein was successfully displayed on the GEM. Mice immunized with RVFV-BLPs produced humoral and cellular immunity. Interestingly, comparing the production of RVFV Gn head-specific IgG and its subtype by vaccinating with different antigen doses of the RVFV-BLPs determined that the RVFV-BLPs (50 μg) group showed a greater effect than the other two groups. More importantly, antibodies produced by mice immunized with RVFV-BLPs (50 μg) exhibited potent neutralizing activity against RVFV pseudovirus. RVFV-BLPs (50 μg) also could induce IFN-γ and IL-4 in immunized mice; these mice generated memory cells among the proliferating T cell population after immunization with RVFV-BLPs with effector memory T cells as the major population, which means that RVFV-BLPs is an effective vaccine to establish a long-lived population of memory T cells. The findings suggest that the novel RVFV-BLPs subunit vaccine has the potential to be considered a safe and effective candidate vaccine against RVFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Dongping Liu
- The Nanjing Unicorn Academy of Innovation, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Entao Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Na Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Songtao Yang,
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Yongkun Zhao,
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Xianzhu Xia,
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9
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Vilela J, Rohaim MA, Munir M. Avian Orthoavulavirus Type-1 as Vaccine Vector against Respiratory Viral Pathogens in Animal and Human. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:259. [PMID: 35214716 PMCID: PMC8876055 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian orthoavulaviruses type-1 (AOaV-1) have recently transitioned from animal vaccine vector to a bona fide vaccine delivery vehicle in human. Owing to induction of robust innate and adaptive immune responses in mucus membranes in both birds and mammals, AOaVs offer an attractive vaccine against respiratory pathogens. The unique features of AOaVs include over 50 years of safety profile, stable expression of foreign genes, high infectivity rates in avian and mammalian hosts, broad host spectrum, limited possibility of recombination and lack of pre-existing immunity in humans. Additionally, AOaVs vectors allow the production of economical and high quantities of vaccine antigen in chicken embryonated eggs and several GMP-grade mammalian cell lines. In this review, we describe the biology of AOaVs and define protocols to manipulate AOaVs genomes in effectively designing vaccine vectors. We highlighted the potential and established portfolio of AOaV-based vaccines for multiple respiratory and non-respiratory viruses of veterinary and medical importance. We comment on the limitations of AOaV-based vaccines and propose mitigations strategies. The exploitation of AOaVs vectors is expanding at an exciting pace; thus, we have limited the scope to their use as vaccines against viral pathogens in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Vilela
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK; (J.V.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Mohammed A. Rohaim
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK; (J.V.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK; (J.V.); (M.A.R.)
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10
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Fakri FZ, Bamouh Z, Elmejdoub S, Elkarhat Z, Tadlaoui K, Chen W, Bu Z, Elharrak M. Long term immunity against Peste Des Petits Ruminants mediated by a recombinant Newcastle disease virus vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109201. [PMID: 34399299 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of sheep and goats. Conventional live vaccines have been successfully used in endemic countries however, there are not completely safe and not allowing differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA). In this study, a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the hemagglutinin of PPRV (NDV-PPRVH) was evaluated on small ruminants by serology response in sheep and goats, experimental infection in goats and immunity duration in sheep. The NDV-PPRVH vaccine injected twice at 28 days' interval, provided full protection against challenge with a virulent PPR strain in the most sensitive species and induced significant neutralizing antibodies. Immunological response in goats was slightly higher than sheep and the vaccine injected at 108.0 50 % egg infective dose/mL allowed anti-PPRV antibodies that lasted at least 12 months as shown by antibody response monitoring in sheep. The NDV vector presented a limited replication in the host and vaccinated animals remained negative when tested by cELISA based on PPRV nucleoprotein allowing DIVA. This recombinant vaccine appears to be a promising candidate in a free at risk countries and may be an important component of the global strategy for PPR eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z Fakri
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco.
| | - Z Bamouh
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco.
| | - S Elmejdoub
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco.
| | - Z Elkarhat
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco.
| | - K Tadlaoui
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco.
| | - W Chen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Z Bu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - M Elharrak
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco.
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11
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The Expression of Hemagglutinin by a Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Causes Structural Changes and Alters Innate Immune Sensing. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070758. [PMID: 34358174 PMCID: PMC8310309 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Newcastle disease viruses (rNDV) have been used as bivalent vectors for vaccination against multiple economically important avian pathogens. NDV-vectored vaccines expressing the immunogenic H5 hemagglutinin (rNDV-H5) are considered attractive candidates to protect poultry from both highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and Newcastle disease (ND). However, the impact of the insertion of a recombinant protein, such as H5, on the biological characteristics of the parental NDV strain has been little investigated to date. The present study compared a rNDV-H5 vaccine and its parental NDV LaSota strain in terms of their structural and functional characteristics, as well as their recognition by the innate immune sensors. Structural analysis of the rNDV-H5 demonstrated a decreased number of fusion (F) and a higher number of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoproteins compared to NDV LaSota. These structural differences were accompanied by increased hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities of rNDV-H5. During in vitro rNDV-H5 infection, increased mRNA expression of TLR3, TLR7, MDA5, and LGP2 was observed, suggesting that the recombinant virus is recognized differently by sensors of innate immunity when compared with the parental NDV LaSota. Given the growing interest in using NDV as a vector against human and animal diseases, these data highlight the importance of thoroughly understanding the recombinant vaccines’ structural organization, functional characteristics, and elicited immune responses.
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12
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Wichgers Schreur PJ, Tacken M, Gutjahr B, Keller M, van Keulen L, Kant J, van de Water S, Lin Y, Eiden M, Rissmann M, von Arnim F, König R, Brix A, Charreyre C, Audonnet JC, Groschup MH, Kortekaas J. Vaccine Efficacy of Self-Assembled Multimeric Protein Scaffold Particles Displaying the Glycoprotein Gn Head Domain of Rift Valley Fever Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030301. [PMID: 33806789 PMCID: PMC8005036 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to free antigens, antigens immobilized on scaffolds, such as nanoparticles, generally show improved immunogenicity. Conventionally, antigens are conjugated to scaffolds through genetic fusion or chemical conjugation, which may result in impaired assembly or heterogeneous binding and orientation of the antigens. By combining two emerging technologies-i.e., self-assembling multimeric protein scaffold particles (MPSPs) and bacterial superglue-these shortcomings can be overcome and antigens can be bound on particles in their native conformation. In the present work, we assessed whether this technology could improve the immunogenicity of a candidate subunit vaccine against the zoonotic Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). For this, the head domain of glycoprotein Gn, a known target of neutralizing antibodies, was coupled on various MPSPs to further assess immunogenicity and efficacy in vivo. The results showed that the Gn head domain, when bound to the lumazine synthase-based MPSP, reduced mortality in a lethal mouse model and protected lambs, the most susceptible RVFV target animals, from viremia and clinical signs after immunization. Furthermore, the same subunit coupled to two other MPSPs (Geobacillus stearothermophilus E2 or a modified KDPG Aldolase) provided full protection in lambs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Wichgers Schreur
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (L.v.K.); (J.K.); (S.v.d.W.); (Y.L.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mirriam Tacken
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (L.v.K.); (J.K.); (S.v.d.W.); (Y.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Benjamin Gutjahr
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (B.G.); (M.K.); (M.E.); (M.R.); (F.v.A.); (R.K.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Markus Keller
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (B.G.); (M.K.); (M.E.); (M.R.); (F.v.A.); (R.K.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Lucien van Keulen
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (L.v.K.); (J.K.); (S.v.d.W.); (Y.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jet Kant
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (L.v.K.); (J.K.); (S.v.d.W.); (Y.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Sandra van de Water
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (L.v.K.); (J.K.); (S.v.d.W.); (Y.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Yanyin Lin
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (L.v.K.); (J.K.); (S.v.d.W.); (Y.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (B.G.); (M.K.); (M.E.); (M.R.); (F.v.A.); (R.K.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (B.G.); (M.K.); (M.E.); (M.R.); (F.v.A.); (R.K.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Felicitas von Arnim
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (B.G.); (M.K.); (M.E.); (M.R.); (F.v.A.); (R.K.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Rebecca König
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (B.G.); (M.K.); (M.E.); (M.R.); (F.v.A.); (R.K.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Alexander Brix
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Research Center GmbH & Co. KG, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | | | | | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (B.G.); (M.K.); (M.E.); (M.R.); (F.v.A.); (R.K.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Jeroen Kortekaas
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (L.v.K.); (J.K.); (S.v.d.W.); (Y.L.); (J.K.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Vrba SM, Kirk NM, Brisse ME, Liang Y, Ly H. Development and Applications of Viral Vectored Vaccines to Combat Zoonotic and Emerging Public Health Threats. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E680. [PMID: 33202961 PMCID: PMC7712223 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is arguably the most cost-effective preventative measure against infectious diseases. While vaccines have been successfully developed against certain viruses (e.g., yellow fever virus, polio virus, and human papilloma virus HPV), those against a number of other important public health threats, such as HIV-1, hepatitis C, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), have so far had very limited success. The global pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, highlights the urgency of vaccine development against this and other constant threats of zoonotic infection. While some traditional methods of producing vaccines have proven to be successful, new concepts have emerged in recent years to produce more cost-effective and less time-consuming vaccines that rely on viral vectors to deliver the desired immunogens. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different viral vaccine vectors and their general strategies and applications in both human and veterinary medicines. A careful review of these issues is necessary as they can provide important insights into how some of these viral vaccine vectors can induce robust and long-lasting immune responses in order to provide protective efficacy against a variety of infectious disease threats to humans and animals, including those with zoonotic potential to cause global pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M. Vrba
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (S.M.V.); (Y.L.)
| | - Natalie M. Kirk
- Comparative Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Morgan E. Brisse
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (S.M.V.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (S.M.V.); (Y.L.)
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14
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A Scalable Topical Vectored Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030472. [PMID: 32846910 PMCID: PMC7565466 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused an ongoing unprecedented global public health crises of coronavirus disease in 2019 (CoVID-19). The precipitously increased death rates, its impact on livelihood and trembling economies warrant the urgent development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine which would be safe, efficacious and scalable. Owing to unavailability of the vaccine, we propose a de novo synthesized avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOaV-1)-based topical respiratory vaccine candidate against CoVID-19. Avirulent strain of AOaV-1 was engineered to express full length spike (S) glycoprotein which is highly neutralizing and a major protective antigen of the SARS-CoV-2. Broad-scale in vitro characterization of a recombinant vaccine candidate demonstrated efficient co-expression of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) of AOaV-1 and S protein of SARS-CoV-2, and comparable replication kinetics were observed in a cell culture model. The recombinant vaccine candidate virus actively replicated and spread within cells independently of exogenous trypsin. Interestingly, incorporation of S protein of SARS-CoV-2 into the recombinant AOaV-1 particles attributed the sensitivity to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiserum and more prominently to anti-AOaV-1 antiserum. Finally, our results demonstrated that the recombinant vaccine vector stably expressed S protein after multiple propagations in chicken embryonated eggs, and this expression did not significantly impact the in vitro growth characteristics of the recombinant. Taken together, the presented respiratory vaccine candidate is highly attenuated in primates per se, safe and lacking pre-existing immunity in human, and carries the potential for accelerated vaccine development against CoVID-19 for clinical studies.
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15
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Hu Z, Ni J, Cao Y, Liu X. Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for 20 Years: A Focus on Maternally Derived Antibody Interference. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020222. [PMID: 32422944 PMCID: PMC7349365 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been 20 years since Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was first used as a vector. The past two decades have witnessed remarkable progress in vaccine generation based on the NDV vector and optimization of the vector. Protective antigens of a variety of pathogens have been expressed in the NDV vector to generate novel vaccines for animals and humans, highlighting a great potential of NDV as a vaccine vector. More importantly, the research work also unveils a major problem restraining the NDV vector vaccines in poultry, i.e., the interference from maternally derived antibody (MDA). Although many efforts have been taken to overcome MDA interference, a lack of understanding of the mechanism of vaccination inhibition by MDA in poultry still hinders vaccine improvement. In this review, we outline the history of NDV as a vaccine vector by highlighting some milestones. The recent advances in the development of NDV-vectored vaccines or therapeutics for animals and humans are discussed. Particularly, we focus on the mechanisms and hypotheses of vaccination inhibition by MDA and the efforts to circumvent MDA interference with the NDV vector vaccines. Perspectives to fill the gap of understanding concerning the mechanism of MDA interference in poultry and to improve the NDV vector vaccines are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongzhong Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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16
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Kroeker AL, Smid V, Embury-Hyatt C, Collignon B, Pinette M, Babiuk S, Pickering B. Increased Susceptibility of Cattle to Intranasal RVFV Infection. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:137. [PMID: 32411730 PMCID: PMC7200984 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus that belongs to the Phenuiviridae family. Infections in animal herds cause abortion storms, high mortality rates in neonates, and mild to severe symptoms. Infected animals can also transmit the virus to people, particularly people who live or work in close contact with livestock. There is currently an ongoing effort to produce safe and efficacious veterinary vaccines against RVFV in livestock to protect against both primary infection in animals and zoonotic infections in people. To test the efficacy of these vaccines it is essential to have a reliable challenge model in relevant target species, including ruminants. In this study we evaluated three routes of inoculation (intranasal, intradermal and a combination of routes) in Holstein cattle using an infectious dose of 107 pfu/ml and a virus strain from the 2006-2007 outbreak in Kenya and Sudan. Our results demonstrated that all routes of inoculation were effective at producing viremia in all animals; however, the intranasal route induced the highest levels and longest duration of viremia, the most noticeable clinical signs, and the most widespread infection of tissues. We therefore recommend using the intranasal inoculation for future vaccine and challenge studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Kroeker
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Valerie Smid
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Brad Collignon
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mathieu Pinette
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bradley Pickering
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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17
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Murr M, Hoffmann B, Grund C, Römer-Oberdörfer A, Mettenleiter TC. A Novel Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Vectored DIVA Vaccine against Peste des Petits Ruminants in Goats. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020205. [PMID: 32354145 PMCID: PMC7348985 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV, species: small ruminant morbillivirus) is the causative agent of the eponymous notifiable disease, the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in wild and domestic sheep and goats. Mortality rates vary between 50% and 100%, causing significant losses of estimated 1.5 to 2 billion US Dollars per year. Live-attenuated PPRV vaccine strains are used in the field for disease prevention, but the application of a more thermostable vaccine enabling differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) would be highly desirable to achieve the goal of global disease eradication. We generated a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) based on the live-attenuated NDV Clone 30 that expresses the surface protein hemagglutinin (H) of PPRV strain Kurdistan/11 (rNDV_HKur). In vitro analyses confirmed transgene expression as well as virus replication in avian, caprine, and ovine cells. Two consecutive subcutaneous vaccinations of German domestic goats with rNDV_HKur prevented clinical signs and hematogenic dissemination after an intranasal challenge with virulent PPRV Kurdistan/11. Virus shedding by different routes was reduced to a similar extent as after vaccination with the live-attenuated PPRV strain Nigeria 75/1. Goats that were either not vaccinated or inoculated with parental rNDV were used as controls. In summary, we demonstrate in a proof-of-concept study that an NDV vectored vaccine can protect against PPR. Furthermore, it provides DIVA-applicability and a high thermal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Murr
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38351-7-1629
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christian Grund
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angela Römer-Oberdörfer
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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18
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Wichgers Schreur PJ, van de Water S, Harmsen M, Bermúdez-Méndez E, Drabek D, Grosveld F, Wernike K, Beer M, Aebischer A, Daramola O, Rodriguez Conde S, Brennan K, Kozub D, Søndergaard Kristiansen M, Mistry KK, Deng Z, Hellert J, Guardado-Calvo P, Rey FA, van Keulen L, Kortekaas J. Multimeric single-domain antibody complexes protect against bunyavirus infections. eLife 2020; 9:52716. [PMID: 32314955 PMCID: PMC7173960 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has included three bunyaviruses posing an increasing threat to human health on the Blueprint list of viruses likely to cause major epidemics and for which no, or insufficient countermeasures exist. Here, we describe a broadly applicable strategy, based on llama-derived single-domain antibodies (VHHs), for the development of bunyavirus biotherapeutics. The method was validated using the zoonotic Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an emerging pathogen of ruminants, as model pathogens. VHH building blocks were assembled into highly potent neutralizing complexes using bacterial superglue technology. The multimeric complexes were shown to reduce and prevent virus-induced morbidity and mortality in mice upon prophylactic administration. Bispecific molecules engineered to present two different VHHs fused to an Fc domain were further shown to be effective upon therapeutic administration. The presented VHH-based technology holds great promise for the development of bunyavirus antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra van de Water
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Harmsen
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Erick Bermúdez-Méndez
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dubravka Drabek
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Harbour Antibodies B.V, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Harbour Antibodies B.V, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Andrea Aebischer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Olalekan Daramola
- Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Rodriguez Conde
- Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Brennan
- Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dorota Kozub
- Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kieran K Mistry
- Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ziyan Deng
- Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Hellert
- Structural Virology Unit, Virology Department, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Guardado-Calvo
- Structural Virology Unit, Virology Department, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Félix A Rey
- Structural Virology Unit, Virology Department, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Lucien van Keulen
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kortekaas
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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19
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Bello MB, Yusoff K, Ideris A, Hair-Bejo M, Jibril AH, Peeters BPH, Omar AR. Exploring the Prospects of Engineered Newcastle Disease Virus in Modern Vaccinology. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040451. [PMID: 32316317 PMCID: PMC7232247 DOI: 10.3390/v12040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many traditional vaccines have proven to be incapable of controlling newly emerging infectious diseases. They have also achieved limited success in the fight against a variety of human cancers. Thus, innovative vaccine strategies are highly needed to overcome the global burden of these diseases. Advances in molecular biology and reverse genetics have completely restructured the concept of vaccinology, leading to the emergence of state-of-the-art technologies for vaccine design, development and delivery. Among these modern vaccine technologies are the recombinant viral vectored vaccines, which are known for their incredible specificity in antigen delivery as well as the induction of robust immune responses in the vaccinated hosts. Although a number of viruses have been used as vaccine vectors, genetically engineered Newcastle disease virus (NDV) possesses some useful attributes that make it a preferable candidate for vectoring vaccine antigens. Here, we review the molecular biology of NDV and discuss the reverse genetics approaches used to engineer the virus into an efficient vaccine vector. We then discuss the prospects of the engineered virus as an efficient vehicle of vaccines against cancer and several infectious diseases of man and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria;
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria;
| | - Ben P. H. Peeters
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, POB 65, NL8200 Lelystad, The Netherlands;
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+603-89472111
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20
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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Depner K, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Rojas JLG, Schmidt CG, Michel V, Chueca MÁM, Roberts HC, Sihvonen LH, Stahl K, Calvo AV, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Bett B, Cetre-Sossah C, Chevalier V, Devos C, Gubbins S, Monaco F, Sotiria-Eleni A, Broglia A, Abrahantes JC, Dhollander S, Stede YVD, Zancanaro G. Rift Valley Fever - epidemiological update and risk of introduction into Europe. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06041. [PMID: 33020705 PMCID: PMC7527653 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne disease transmitted by a broad spectrum of mosquito species, especially Aedes and Culex genus, to animals (domestic and wild ruminants and camels) and humans. Rift Valley fever is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula, with periodic epidemics characterised by 5-15 years of inter-epizootic periods. In the last two decades, RVF was notified in new African regions (e.g. Sahel), RVF epidemics occurred more frequently and low-level enzootic virus circulation has been demonstrated in livestock in various areas. Recent outbreaks in a French overseas department and some seropositive cases detected in Turkey, Tunisia and Libya raised the attention of the EU for a possible incursion into neighbouring countries. The movement of live animals is the most important pathway for RVF spread from the African endemic areas to North Africa and the Middle East. The movement of infected animals and infected vectors when shipped by flights, containers or road transport is considered as other plausible pathways of introduction into Europe. The overall risk of introduction of RVF into EU through the movement of infected animals is very low in all the EU regions and in all MSs (less than one epidemic every 500 years), given the strict EU animal import policy. The same level of risk of introduction in all the EU regions was estimated also considering the movement of infected vectors, with the highest level for Belgium, Greece, Malta, the Netherlands (one epidemic every 228-700 years), mainly linked to the number of connections by air and sea transports with African RVF infected countries. Although the EU territory does not seem to be directly exposed to an imminent risk of RVFV introduction, the risk of further spread into countries neighbouring the EU and the risks of possible introduction of infected vectors, suggest that EU authorities need to strengthen their surveillance and response capacities, as well as the collaboration with North African and Middle Eastern countries.
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Kumar R, Kumar V, Kekungu P, Barman NN, Kumar S. Evaluation of surface glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus as immunogens and reagents for serological diagnosis of infections in pigs: a recombinant Newcastle disease virus approach. Arch Virol 2019; 164:3007-3017. [PMID: 31598846 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is an important viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boar. The structural proteins E2 and Erns of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which participate in the attachment of the virion to the host cell surface and its subsequent entry, are immunogenic. The E2 and Erns proteins are used for diagnosis and the development of vaccines against CSFV infection in swine. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been successfully used as a viral vector to express heterologous proteins. In the present study, the E2 and Erns proteins of CSFV were expressed in cell culture as well as embryonated chicken eggs, using recombinant NDV (rNDV). Rescued rNDV expressing the E2 and Erns proteins induced the production of CSFV-neutralizing antibodies upon intranasal vaccination of pigs. Serum samples from vaccinated animals were found to neutralize both homologous and heterologous CSFV strains. Furthermore, rNDV expressing the E2 and Erns proteins of CSFV was used to develop an indirect ELISA, which was used to measure the the antibody titers of randomly collected serum samples. The results suggested that the ELISA based on rNDV-expressed E2 and Erns proteins could be used to screen for CSFV infections. This study shows that rNDV-based expression of CSFV antigens is potentially applicable for development of vaccines and diagnostic tests for CSFV infection. This approach could be an economically favorable alternative to the existing vaccine and diagnostics for CSFV in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Vishnu Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Puro Kekungu
- ICAR Research Complex for North East Hill Region, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Nagendra N Barman
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Genetically Modified Rabies Virus Vector-Based Rift Valley Fever Virus Vaccine is Safe and Induces Efficacious Immune Responses in Mice. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100919. [PMID: 31597372 PMCID: PMC6832564 DOI: 10.3390/v11100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), which causes Rift Valley fever (RVF), is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes serious morbidity and mortality in livestock and humans. RVF is a World Health Organization (WHO) priority disease and, together with rabies, is a major health burden in Africa. Here, we present the development and characterization of an inactivated recombinant RVFV and rabies virus (RABV) vaccine candidate (rSRV9-eGn). Immunization with rSRV9-eGn stimulated the production of RVFV-specific IgG antibodies and induced humoral and cellular immunity in mice but did not induce the production of neutralizing antibodies. IgG1 and IgG2a were the main isotypes observed by IgG subtype detection, and IgG3 antibodies were not detected. The ratios of IgG1/IgG2a > 1 indicated a Type 2 humoral immune response. An effective vaccine is intended to establish a long-lived population of memory T cells, and mice generated memory cells among the proliferating T cell population after immunization with rSRV9-eGn, with effector memory T cells (TEM) as the major population. Due to the lack of prophylactic treatment experiments, it is impossible to predict whether this vaccine can protect animals from RVFV infection with only high titres of anti-RVFV IgG antibodies and no neutralizing antibodies induced, and thus, protection confirmation needs further verification. However, this RVFV vaccine designed with RABV as the vector provides ideas for the development of vaccines that prevent RVFV and RABV infections.
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The One Health Approach is Necessary for the Control of Rift Valley Fever Infections in Egypt: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020139. [PMID: 30736362 PMCID: PMC6410127 DOI: 10.3390/v11020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging transboundary, mosquito-borne, zoonotic viral disease caused high morbidity and mortality in both human and ruminant populations. It is considered an important threat to both agriculture and public health in African and the Middle Eastern countries including Egypt. Five major RVF epidemics have been reported in Egypt (1977, 1993, 1994, 1997, and 2003). The virus is transmitted in Egypt by different mosquito’s genera such as Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, and Mansonia, leading to abortions in susceptible animal hosts especially sheep, goat, cattle, and buffaloes. Recurrent RVF outbreaks in Egypt have been attributed in part to the lack of routine surveillance for the virus. These periodic epizootics have resulted in severe economic losses. We posit that there is a critical need for new approaches to RVF control that will prevent or at least reduce future morbidity and economic stress. One Health is an integrated approach for the understanding and management of animal, human, and environmental determinants of complex problems such as RVF. Employing the One Health approach, one might engage local communities in surveillance and control of RVF efforts, rather than continuing their current status as passive victims of the periodic RVF incursions. This review focuses upon endemic and epidemic status of RVF in Egypt, the virus vectors and their ecology, transmission dynamics, risk factors, and the ecology of the RVF at the animal/human interface, prevention, and control measures, and the use of environmental and climate data in surveillance systems to predict disease outbreaks.
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Current Status of Rift Valley Fever Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5030029. [PMID: 28925970 PMCID: PMC5620560 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that presents a substantial threat to human and public health. It is caused by Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV), which belongs to the genus Phlebovirus and the family Phenuiviridae within the order Bunyavirales. The wide distribution of competent vectors in non-endemic areas coupled with global climate change poses a significant threat of the transboundary spread of RVFV. In the last decade, an improved understanding of the molecular biology of RVFV has facilitated significant progress in the development of novel vaccines, including DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) vaccines. Despite these advances, there is no fully licensed vaccine for veterinary or human use available in non-endemic countries, whereas in endemic countries, there is no clear policy or practice of routine/strategic livestock vaccinations as a preventive or mitigating strategy against potential RVF disease outbreaks. The purpose of this review was to provide an update on the status of RVF vaccine development and provide perspectives on the best strategies for disease control. Herein, we argue that the routine or strategic vaccination of livestock could be the best control approach for preventing the outbreak and spread of future disease.
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A single-plasmid reverse genetics system for the rescue of non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses from cloned full-length cDNA. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:187-190. [PMID: 28743584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reverse genetics systems for non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses rely on co-transfection of a plasmid containing the full-length viral cDNA and helper plasmids encoding essential viral replication proteins. Here, a system is presented in which virus can be rescued from a single plasmid without the need for helper plasmids in cells infected with a host-restricted recombinant poxvirus that expresses T7 RNA polymerase. This approach relies on the insertion of T7 promoter sequences in the viral cDNA at positions that allow transcription of sub-genomic RNAs encoding essential viral replication proteins.
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Choi KS. Newcastle disease virus vectored vaccines as bivalent or antigen delivery vaccines. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2017; 6:72-82. [PMID: 28775971 PMCID: PMC5540967 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2017.6.2.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in reverse genetics techniques make it possible to manipulate the genome of RNA viruses such as Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Several NDV vaccine strains have been used as vaccine vectors in poultry, mammals, and humans to express antigens of different pathogens. The safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of these NDV-vectored vaccines have been evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The vaccines are safe in mammals, humans, and poultry. Bivalent NDV-vectored vaccines against pathogens of economic importance to the poultry industry have been developed. These bivalent vaccines confer solid protective immunity against NDV and other foreign antigens. In most cases, NDV-vectored vaccines induce strong local and systemic immune responses against the target foreign antigen. This review summarizes the development of NDV-vectored vaccines and their potential use as a base for designing other effective vaccines for veterinary and human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Seuk Choi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
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Yoshida A, Samal SK. Avian Paramyxovirus Type-3 as a Vaccine Vector: Identification of a Genome Location for High Level Expression of a Foreign Gene. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:693. [PMID: 28473820 PMCID: PMC5397467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian paramyxovirus serotype 3 (APMV-3) causes infection in a wide variety of avian species, but it does not cause apparent diseases in chickens. On the contrary, APMV-1, also known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV), can cause severe disease in chickens. Currently, natural low virulence strains of NDV are used as live-attenuated vaccines throughout the world. NDV is also being evaluated as a vaccine vector against poultry pathogens. However, due to routine vaccination programs, chickens often possess pre-existing antibodies against NDV, which may cause the chickens to be less sensitive to recombinant NDV vaccines expressing antigens of other avian pathogens. Therefore, it may be possible for an APMV-3 vector vaccine to circumvent this issue. In this study, we determined the optimal insertion site in the genome of APMV-3 for high level expression of a foreign gene. We generated recombinant APMV-3 viruses expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) by inserting the GFP gene at five different intergenic regions in the genome. The levels of GFP transcription and translation were evaluated. Interestingly, the levels of GFP transcription and translation did not follow the 3′-to-5′ attenuation mechanism of non-segmented, negative-sense RNA viruses. The insertion of GFP gene into the P-M gene junction resulted in higher level of expression of GFP than when the gene was inserted into the upstream N-P gene junction. Unlike NDV, insertion of GFP did not attenuate the growth efficiency of AMPV-3. Thus, APMV-3 could be a more useful vaccine vector for avian pathogens than NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Yoshida
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College ParkMD, USA
| | - Siba K Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College ParkMD, USA
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Rescue of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus strain R2B expressing green fluorescent protein. Virus Genes 2017; 53:410-417. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Faburay B, Lebedev M, McVey DS, Wilson W, Morozov I, Young A, Richt JA. A glycoprotein subunit vaccine elicits a strong Rift Valley fever virus neutralizing antibody response in sheep. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 14:746-56. [PMID: 25325319 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a member of the Bunyaviridae family, is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes serious morbidity and mortality in livestock and humans. The recent spread of the virus beyond its traditional endemic boundaries in Africa to the Arabian Peninsula coupled with the presence of susceptible vectors in nonendemic countries has created increased interest in RVF vaccines. Subunit vaccines composed of specific virus proteins expressed in eukaryotic or prokaryotic expression systems are shown to elicit neutralizing antibodies in susceptible hosts. RVFV structural proteins, amino-terminus glycoprotein (Gn), and carboxyl-terminus glycoprotein (Gc), were expressed using a recombinant baculovirus expression system. The recombinant proteins were reconstituted as a GnGc subunit vaccine formulation and evaluated for immunogenicity in a target species, sheep. Six sheep were each immunized with a primary dose of 50 μg of each vaccine immunogen with the adjuvant montanide ISA25; at day 21, postvaccination, each animal received a second dose of the same vaccine. The vaccine induced a strong antibody response in all animals as determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT80) showed the primary dose of the vaccine was sufficient to elicit potentially protective virus neutralizing antibody titers ranging from 40 to 160, and the second vaccine dose boosted the titer to more than 1280. Furthermore, all animals tested positive for neutralizing antibodies at day 328 postvaccination. ELISA analysis using the recombinant nucleocapsid protein as a negative marker antigen indicated that the vaccine candidate is DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) compatible and represents a promising vaccine platform for RVFV infection in susceptible species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonto Faburay
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for Development of Human and Veterinary Vaccines. Viruses 2016; 8:v8070183. [PMID: 27384578 PMCID: PMC4974518 DOI: 10.3390/v8070183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vaccine vectors have shown to be effective in inducing a robust immune response against the vaccine antigen. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is a promising vaccine vector against human and veterinary pathogens. Avirulent NDV strains LaSota and B1 have long track records of safety and efficacy. Therefore, use of these strains as vaccine vectors is highly safe in avian and non-avian species. NDV replicates efficiently in the respiratory track of the host and induces strong local and systemic immune responses against the foreign antigen. As a vaccine vector, NDV can accommodate foreign sequences with a good degree of stability and as a RNA virus, there is limited possibility for recombination with host cell DNA. Using NDV as a vaccine vector in humans offers several advantages over other viral vaccine vectors. NDV is safe in humans due to host range restriction and there is no pre-existing antibody to NDV in the human population. NDV is antigenically distinct from common human pathogens. NDV replicates to high titer in a cell line acceptable for human vaccine development. Therefore, NDV is an attractive vaccine vector for human pathogens for which vaccines are currently not available. NDV is also an attractive vaccine vector for animal pathogens.
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Duan Z, Xu H, Ji X, Zhao J. Recombinant Newcastle disease virus-vectored vaccines against human and animal infectious diseases. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1307-23. [PMID: 26234909 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in recombinant genetic engineering techniques have brought forward a leap in designing new vaccines in modern medicine. One attractive strategy is the application of reverse genetics technology to make recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) deliver protective antigens of pathogens. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that rNDV-vectored vaccines can induce quicker and better humoral and mucosal immune responses than conventional vaccines and are protective against pathogen challenges. With deeper understanding of NDV molecular biology, it is feasible to develop gene-modified rNDV vaccines accompanied by good safety, high efficacy, low toxicity and better immunogenicity. This review summarizes the development of reverse genetics technology in using NDV as a promising vaccine vector to design new vaccines for human and animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Duan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Houqiang Xu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinqin Ji
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiafu Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Recombinant Immunomodulating Lentogenic or Mesogenic Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Treatment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Viruses 2015; 7:2980-98. [PMID: 26110582 PMCID: PMC4488723 DOI: 10.3390/v7062756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) might be a promising new therapeutic agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We evaluated recombinant NDVs (rNDVs) expressing interferon (rNDV-hIFNβ-F0) or an IFN antagonistic protein (rNDV-NS1-F0), as well as rNDV with increased virulence (rNDV-F3aa) for oncolytic efficacy in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Expression of additional proteins did not hamper virus replication or cytotoxic effects on itself. However, expression of interferon, but not NS1, resulted in loss of multicycle replication. Conversely, increasing the virulence (rNDV-F3aa) resulted in enhanced replication of the virus. Type I interferon was produced in high amounts by all tumor cells inoculated with rNDV-hIFNβ-F0, while inoculation with rNDV-NS1-F0 resulted in a complete block of interferon production in most cells. Inoculation of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells with rNDV-F3aa caused markedly more cytotoxicity compared to rNDV-F0, while inoculation with rNDV-hIFNβ-F0 and rNDV-NS1-F0 induced cytotoxic effects comparable to those induced by the parental rNDV-F0. Evaluation in vivo using mice bearing subcutaneous pancreatic cancer xenografts revealed that only intratumoral injection with rNDV-F3aa resulted in regression of tumors. We conclude that although lentogenic rNDVs harboring proteins that modulate the type I interferon pathway proteins do have an oncolytic effect, a more virulent mesogenic rNDV might be needed to improve oncolytic efficacy.
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Gogoi P, Ganar K, Kumar S. Avian Paramyxovirus: A Brief Review. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:53-67. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Gogoi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
| | - K. Ganar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
| | - S. Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
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Efficacy assessment of an MVA vectored Rift Valley Fever vaccine in lambs. Antiviral Res 2014; 108:165-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wen Z, Zhao B, Song K, Hu X, Chen W, Kong D, Ge J, Bu Z. Recombinant lentogenic Newcastle disease virus expressing Ebola virus GP infects cells independently of exogenous trypsin and uses macropinocytosis as the major pathway for cell entry. Virol J 2013; 10:331. [PMID: 24209904 PMCID: PMC3826533 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using reverse genetics, we generated a recombinant low-pathogenic LaSota strain Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the glycoprotein (GP) of Ebola virus (EBOV), designated rLa-EBOVGP, and evaluated its biological characteristic in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The introduction and expression of the EBOV GP gene did not increase the virulence of the NDV vector in poultry or mice. EBOV GP was incorporated into the particle of the vector virus and the recombinant virus rLa-EBOVGP infected cells and spread within them independently of exogenous trypsin. rLa-EBOVGP is more resistant to NDV antiserum than the vector NDV and is moderately sensitive to EBOV GP antiserum. More importantly, infection with rLa-EBOVGP was markedly inhibited by IPA3, indicating that rLa-EBOVGP uses macropinocytosis as the major internalization pathway for cell entry. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that EBOV GP in recombinant NDV particles functions independently to mediate the viral infection of the host cells and alters the cell-entry pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Oreshkova N, van Keulen L, Kant J, Moormann RJM, Kortekaas J. A single vaccination with an improved nonspreading Rift Valley fever virus vaccine provides sterile immunity in lambs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77461. [PMID: 24167574 PMCID: PMC3805595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important pathogen that affects ruminants and humans. Recently we developed a vaccine based on nonspreading RVFV (NSR) and showed that a single vaccination with this vaccine protects lambs from viremia and clinical signs. However, low levels of viral RNA were detected in the blood of vaccinated lambs shortly after challenge infection. These low levels of virus, when present in a pregnant ewe, could potentially infect the highly susceptible fetus. We therefore aimed to further improve the efficacy of the NSR vaccine. Here we report the expression of Gn, the major immunogenic protein of the virus, from the NSR genome. The resulting NSR-Gn vaccine was shown to elicit superior CD8 and CD4-restricted memory responses and improved virus neutralization titers in mice. A dose titration study in lambs revealed that the highest vaccination dose of 10(6.3) TCID50/ml protected all lambs from clinical signs and viremia. The lambs developed neutralizing antibodies within three weeks after vaccination and no anamnestic responses were observed following challenge. The combined results suggest that sterile immunity was achieved by a single vaccination with the NSR-Gn vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Oreshkova
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucien van Keulen
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Jet Kant
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J. M. Moormann
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kortekaas
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Capripoxvirus-vectored vaccines against livestock diseases in Africa. Antiviral Res 2013; 98:217-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Indran SV, Ikegami T. Novel approaches to develop Rift Valley fever vaccines. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:131. [PMID: 23112960 PMCID: PMC3481114 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, and has spread into Madagascar, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) of the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus causes hemorrhagic fever, neurological disorders or blindness in humans, and high rate abortion and fetal malformation in ruminants. RVFV is classified as a Category A Priority pathogen and overlap select agent by CDC/USDA due to its potential impact on public health and agriculture. There is a gap in the safety and immunogenicity in traditional RVF vaccines; the formalin-inactivated RVFV vaccine TSI-GSD-200 requires three doses for protection, and the live-attenuated Smithburn vaccine has a risk to cause abortion and fetal malformation in pregnant ruminants. In this review, problems of traditional vaccines and the safety and efficacy of recently reported novel RVF candidate vaccines including subunit vaccines, virus vector, and replicons are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarish V Indran
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA
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Acid-activated structural reorganization of the Rift Valley fever virus Gc fusion protein. J Virol 2012; 86:13642-52. [PMID: 23035232 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01973-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The entry of the enveloped Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) into its host cell is mediated by the viral glycoproteins Gn and Gc. We investigated the RVFV entry process and, in particular, its pH-dependent activation mechanism using our recently developed nonspreading-RVFV-particle system. Entry of the virus into the host cell was efficiently inhibited by lysosomotropic agents that prevent endosomal acidification and by compounds that interfere with dynamin- and clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Exposure of plasma membrane-bound virions to an acidic pH (<pH 6) equivalent to the pH of late endolysosomal compartments allowed the virus to bypass the endosomal route of infection. Acid exposure of virions in the absence of target membranes triggered the class II-like Gc fusion protein to form extremely stable oligomers that were resistant to SDS and temperature dissociation and concomitantly compromised virus infectivity. By targeted mutagenesis of conserved histidines in Gn and Gc, we demonstrated that mutation of a single histidine (H857) in Gc completely abrogated virus entry, as well as acid-induced Gc oligomerization. In conclusion, our data suggest that after endocytic uptake, RVFV traffics to the acidic late endolysosomal compartments, where histidine protonation drives the reorganization of the Gc fusion protein that leads to membrane fusion.
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Head JA, Kalveram B, Ikegami T. Functional analysis of Rift Valley fever virus NSs encoding a partial truncation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45730. [PMID: 23029207 PMCID: PMC3446906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), belongs to genus Phlebovirus of the family Bunyaviridae, causes high rates of abortion and fetal malformation in infected ruminants as well as causing neurological disorders, blindness, or lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans. RVFV is classified as a category A priority pathogen and a select agent in the U.S., and currently there are no therapeutics available for RVF patients. NSs protein, a major virulence factor of RVFV, inhibits host transcription including interferon (IFN)-β mRNA synthesis and promotes degradation of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). NSs self-associates at the C-terminus 17 aa., while NSs at aa.210–230 binds to Sin3A-associated protein (SAP30) to inhibit the activation of IFN-β promoter. Thus, we hypothesize that NSs function(s) can be abolished by truncation of specific domains, and co-expression of nonfunctional NSs with intact NSs will result in the attenuation of NSs function by dominant-negative effect. Unexpectedly, we found that RVFV NSs truncated at aa. 6–30, 31–55, 56–80, 81–105, 106–130, 131–155, 156–180, 181–205, 206–230, 231–248 or 249–265 lack functions of IFN–β mRNA synthesis inhibition and degradation of PKR. Truncated NSs were less stable in infected cells, while nuclear localization was inhibited in NSs lacking either of aa.81–105, 106–130, 131–155, 156–180, 181–205, 206–230 or 231–248. Furthermore, none of truncated NSs had exhibited significant dominant-negative functions for NSs-mediated IFN-β suppression or PKR degradation upon co-expression in cells infected with RVFV. We also found that any of truncated NSs except for intact NSs does not interact with RVFV NSs even in the presence of intact C-terminus self-association domain. Our results suggest that conformational integrity of NSs is important for the stability, cellular localization and biological functions of RVFV NSs, and the co-expression of truncated NSs does not exhibit dominant-negative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Head
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Birte Kalveram
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tetsuro Ikegami
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Koukuntla R, Mandell RB, Flick R. Virus-Like Particle-Based Countermeasures Against Rift Valley Fever Virus. Zoonoses Public Health 2012; 59 Suppl 2:142-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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42
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Ayari-Fakhfakh E, do Valle TZ, Guillemot L, Panthier JJ, Bouloy M, Ghram A, Albina E, Cêtre-Sossah C. MBT/Pas mouse: a relevant model for the evaluation of Rift Valley fever vaccines. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:1456-1464. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.042754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no worldwide licensed vaccines for Rift Valley fever (RVF) that are both safe and effective. Development and evaluation of vaccines, diagnostics and treatments depend on the availability of appropriate animal models. Animal models are also necessary to understand the basic pathobiology of infection. Here, we report the use of an inbred MBT/Pas mouse model that consistently reproduces RVF disease and serves our purpose for testing the efficacy of vaccine candidates; an attenuated Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and a recombinant RVFV–capripoxvirus. We show that this model is relevant for vaccine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Ayari-Fakhfakh
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1002 Tunis Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Tânia Zaverucha do Valle
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2578, Paris, France
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Guillemot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2578, Paris, France
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Panthier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2578, Paris, France
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Bouloy
- Molecular Genetics of Bunyaviruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1002 Tunis Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Emmanuel Albina
- CIRAD, UMR Contrôle des Maladies, Montpellier, F-34398, France
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Bird BH, Nichol ST. Breaking the chain: Rift Valley fever virus control via livestock vaccination. Curr Opin Virol 2012; 2:315-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kortekaas J, Antonis AFG, Kant J, Vloet RPM, Vogel A, Oreshkova N, de Boer SM, Bosch BJ, Moormann RJM. Efficacy of three candidate Rift Valley fever vaccines in sheep. Vaccine 2012; 30:3423-9. [PMID: 22449427 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-transmitted Bunyavirus that causes high morbidity and mortality among ruminants and humans. The virus is endemic to the African continent and the Arabian Peninsula and continues to spread into new areas. The explosive nature of RVF outbreaks requires that vaccines provide swift protection after a single vaccination. We recently developed several candidate vaccines and here report their efficacy in lambs within three weeks after a single vaccination. The first vaccine comprises the purified ectodomain of the Gn structural glycoprotein formulated in a water-in-oil adjuvant. The second vaccine is based on a Newcastle disease virus-based vector that produces both RVFV structural glycoproteins Gn and Gc. The third vaccine comprises a recently developed nonspreading RVFV. The latter two vaccines were administered without adjuvant. The inactivated whole virus-based vaccine produced by Onderstepoort Biological Products was used as a positive control. Five out of six mock-vaccinated lambs developed high viremia and fever and one lamb succumbed to the challenge infection. A single vaccination with each vaccine resulted in a neutralizing antibody response within three weeks after vaccination and protected lambs from viremia, pyrexia and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kortekaas
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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Kortekaas J, Zingeser J, de Leeuw P, de La Rocque S, Unger H, Moormann RJM. Rift Valley Fever Vaccine Development, Progress and Constraints. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 17:e1. [PMID: 21888781 PMCID: PMC3322093 DOI: 10.3201/eid1709.110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Kortekaas
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, the Netherlands
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46
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Ge J, Wang X, Tao L, Wen Z, Feng N, Yang S, Xia X, Yang C, Chen H, Bu Z. Newcastle disease virus-vectored rabies vaccine is safe, highly immunogenic, and provides long-lasting protection in dogs and cats. J Virol 2011; 85:8241-52. [PMID: 21632762 PMCID: PMC3147977 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00519-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective, safe, and affordable rabies vaccines are still being sought. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, has shown promise as a vaccine vector for mammals. Here, we generated a recombinant avirulent NDV La Sota strain expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) and evaluated its potential to serve as a vaccine against rabies. The recombinant virus, rL-RVG, retained its high-growth property in chicken eggs, with titers of up to 10⁹·⁸ 50% egg infective doses (EID₅₀)/ml of allantoic fluid. RVG expression enabled rL-RVG to spread from cell to cell in a rabies virus-like manner, and RVG was incorporated on the surface of the rL-RVG viral particle. RVG incorporation did not alter the trypsin-dependent infectivity of the NDV vector in mammalian cells. rL-RVG and La Sota NDV showed similar levels of sensitivity to a neutralization antibody against NDV and similar levels of resistance to a neutralization antibody against rabies virus. Animal studies demonstrated that rL-RVG is safe in several species, including cats and dogs, when administered as multiple high doses of recombinant vaccine. Intramuscular vaccination with rL-RVG induced a substantial rabies virus neutralization antibody response and provided complete protection from challenge with circulating rabies virus strains. Most importantly, rL-RVG induced strong and long-lasting protective neutralization antibody responses to rabies virus in dogs and cats. A low vaccine dose of 10⁸·³ EID₅₀ completely protected dogs from challenge with a circulating strain of rabies virus for more than a year. This is the first study to demonstrate that immunization with an NDV-vectored vaccine can induce long-lasting, systemic protective immunity against rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Ge
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Rusnak JM, Gibbs P, Boudreau E, Clizbe DP, Pittman P. Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated Rift Valley fever vaccine in a 19-year study. Vaccine 2011; 29:3222-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic pathogen that primarily affects ruminants but can also be lethal in humans. A negative-stranded RNA virus of the family Bunyaviridae, this pathogen is transmitted mainly via mosquito vectors. RVFV has shown the ability to inflict significant damage to livestock and is also a threat to public health. While outbreaks have traditionally occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, recent outbreaks in the Middle East have raised awareness of the potential of this virus to spread to Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Although the virus was initially characterized almost 80 years ago, the only vaccine approved for widespread veterinary use is an attenuated strain that has been associated with significant pathogenic side effects. However, increased understanding of the molecular biology of the virus over the last few years has led to recent advances in vaccine design and has enabled the development of more-potent prophylactic measures to combat infection. In this review, we discuss several aspects of RVFV, with particular emphasis on the molecular components of the virus and their respective roles in pathogenesis and an overview of current vaccine candidates. Progress in understanding the epidemiology of Rift Valley fever has also enabled prediction of potential outbreaks well in advance, thus providing another tool to combat the physical and economic impact of this disease.
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Kortekaas J, Ergönül O, Moormann RJM. Interventions against West Nile virus, Rift Valley fever virus, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: where are we? Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 10:709-18. [PMID: 20854026 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ARBO-ZOONET is an international network financed by the European Commission's seventh framework program. The major goal of this initiative is capacity building for the control of emerging viral vector-borne zoonotic diseases, with a clear focus on West Nile virus, Rift Valley fever virus, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. To evaluate the status quo of control measures against these viruses, an ARBO-ZOONET meeting was held in Istanbul, Turkey, from 19 to 20 November 2009. The symposium consisted of three themes: (1) vaccines: new and existing ones; (2) antivirals: existing and new developments; and (3) antivector vaccines. In addition, a satellite workshop was held on epidemiology and diagnosis. The meeting brought together foremost international experts on the subjects from both within and without the ARBO-ZOONET consortium. This report highlights selected results from these presentations and major conclusions that emanated from the discussions held.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Kortekaas
- Virology Division, Cluster of Mammalian Virology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Pepin M, Bouloy M, Bird BH, Kemp A, Paweska J. Rift Valley fever virus(Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus): an update on pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, vectors, diagnostics and prevention. Vet Res 2010; 41:61. [PMID: 21188836 PMCID: PMC2896810 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever(RVF) virus is an arbovirus in the Bunyaviridae family that, from phylogenetic analysis, appears to have first emerged in the mid-19th century and was only identified at the beginning of the 1930's in the Rift Valley region of Kenya. Despite being an arbovirus with a relatively simple but temporally and geographically stable genome, this zoonotic virus has already demonstrated a real capacity for emerging in new territories, as exemplified by the outbreaks in Egypt (1977), Western Africa (1988) and the Arabian Peninsula (2000), or for re-emerging after long periods of silence as observed very recently in Kenya and South Africa. The presence of competent vectors in countries previously free of RVF, the high viral titres in viraemic animals and the global changes in climate, travel and trade all contribute to make this virus a threat that must not be neglected as the consequences of RVF are dramatic, both for human and animal health. In this review, we present the latest advances in RVF virus research. In spite of this renewed interest, aspects of the epidemiology of RVF virus are still not fully understood and safe, effective vaccines are still not freely available for protecting humans and livestock against the dramatic consequences of this virus.
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