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Wang H, Clapp B, Hoffman C, Yang X, Pascual DW. A Single Nasal Dose Vaccination with a Brucella abortus Mutant Potently Protects against Pulmonary Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1576-1588. [PMID: 37036290 PMCID: PMC10159994 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The Brucella abortus double-mutant (ΔznuA ΔnorD Brucella abortus-lacZ [znBAZ]) was assessed for its protective efficacy after vaccination with a single nasal dose. Superior protection was achieved in znBAZ-vaccinated mice against pulmonary, wild-type B. abortus 2308 challenge when compared with conventional livestock Brucella abortus vaccines, the smooth S19 (smooth B. abortus strain 19 vaccine) and rough RB51 (rough mutant vaccine strain of B. abortus) strains. Nasal znBAZ vaccination reduced splenic and lung colonization by wild-type brucellae by >3-4 logs. In contrast, S19 reduced lung colonization by only 32-fold, and RB51 failed to reduce colonization. One profound attribute of znBAZ vaccination was the >3-fold increase in pulmonary CD8+ T cells when compared with other vaccinated groups. S19 vaccination increased only CD4+ T cells. All vaccines induced IFN-γ and TNF-α production by CD4+ T cells, but only znBAZ vaccination enhanced the recruitment of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells, by >100-fold. IL-17 by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was also induced by subsequent znBAZ vaccination. These results demonstrate that, in addition to achieving protective immunity by CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, specifically resident memory T cells, also confer protection against brucellosis. The protection obtained by znBAZ vaccination was attributed to IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells, because depletion of CD8+ T cells throughout vaccination and challenge phases abrogated protection. The stimulation of only CD4+ T cells by RB51- and S19-vaccinated mice proved insufficient in protecting against pulmonary B. abortus 2308 challenge. Thus, nasal znBAZ vaccination offers an alternative means to elicit protection against brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Beata Clapp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Xinghong Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - David W. Pascual
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Ali A, Waris A, Khan MA, Asim M, Khan AU, Khan S, Zeb J. Recent advancement, immune responses, and mechanism of action of various vaccines against intracellular bacterial infections. Life Sci 2023; 314:121332. [PMID: 36584914 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging bacterial infections are a serious threat to human and animal health. Extracellular bacteria are free-living, while facultative intracellular bacteria replicate inside eukaryotic host cells. Many serious human illnesses are now known to be caused by intracellular bacteria such as Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Rickettsia massiliae, Chlamydia species, Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes, which result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Pathogens like Mycobacterium, Brucella, MRSA, Shigella, Listeria, and Salmonella can infiltrate and persist in mammalian host cells, particularly macrophages, where they proliferate and establish a repository, resulting in chronic and recurrent infections. The current treatment for these bacteria involves the application of narrow-spectrum antibiotics. FDA-approved vaccines against obligate intracellular bacterial infections are lacking. The development of vaccines against intracellular pathogenic bacteria are more difficult because host defense against these bacteria requires the activation of the cell-mediated pathway of the immune system, such as CD8+ T and CD4+ T. However, different types of vaccines, including live, attenuated, subunit, killed whole cell, nano-based and DNA vaccines are currently in clinical trials. Substantial development has been made in various vaccine strategies against intracellular pathogenic bacteria. This review focuses on the mechanism of intracellular bacterial infection, host immune response, and recent advancements in vaccine development strategies against various obligate intracellular bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Waris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Khan
- Division of Life Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Atta Ullah Khan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China
| | - Sahrish Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jehan Zeb
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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3
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Pascual DW, Goodwin ZI, Bhagyaraj E, Hoffman C, Yang X. Activation of mucosal immunity as a novel therapeutic strategy for combating brucellosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1018165. [PMID: 36620020 PMCID: PMC9814167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1018165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a disease of livestock that is commonly asymptomatic until an abortion occurs. Disease in humans results from contact of infected livestock or consumption of contaminated milk or meat. Brucella zoonosis is primarily caused by one of three species that infect livestock, Bacillus abortus in cattle, B. melitensis in goats and sheep, and B. suis in pigs. To aid in disease prophylaxis, livestock vaccines are available, but are only 70% effective; hence, improved vaccines are needed to mitigate disease, particularly in countries where disease remains pervasive. The absence of knowing which proteins confer complete protection limits development of subunit vaccines. Instead, efforts are focused on developing new and improved live, attenuated Brucella vaccines, since these mimic attributes of wild-type Brucella, and stimulate host immune, particularly T helper 1-type responses, required for protection. In considering their development, the new mutants must address Brucella's defense mechanisms normally active to circumvent host immune detection. Vaccination approaches should also consider mode and route of delivery since disease transmission among livestock and humans is believed to occur via the naso-oropharyngeal tissues. By arming the host's mucosal immune defenses with resident memory T cells (TRMs) and by expanding the sources of IFN-γ, brucellae dissemination from the site of infection to systemic tissues can be prevented. In this review, points of discussion focus on understanding the various immune mechanisms involved in disease progression and which immune players are important in fighting disease.
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Pathogenesis and immune response in Brucella infection acquired by the respiratory route. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:407-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ledbetter L, Cherla R, Chambers C, Zhang Y, Zhang G. Eosinophils Affect Antibody Isotype Switching and May Partially Contribute to Early Vaccine-Induced Immunity against Coxiella burnetii. Infect Immun 2019; 87:e00376-19. [PMID: 31427447 PMCID: PMC6803328 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00376-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium which causes human Q fever. An acidified citrate cysteine medium (ACCM-2) has been developed which mimics the intracellular replicative niche of C. burnetii and allows axenic growth of the bacteria. To determine if C. burnetii cultured in ACCM-2 retains immunogenicity, we compared the protective efficacies of formalin-inactivated C. burnetii Nine Mile phase I (PIV) and phase II (PIIV) vaccines derived from axenic culture 7, 14, and 28 days postvaccination. PIV conferred significant protection against virulent C. burnetii as early as 7 days postvaccination, which suggests that ACCM-2-derived PIV retains immunogenicity and protectivity. We analyzed the cellular immune response in spleens from PIV- and PIIV-vaccinated mice by flow cytometry at 7 and 14 days postvaccination and found significantly more granulocytes in PIV-vaccinated mice than in PIIV-vaccinated mice. Interestingly, we found these infiltrating granulocytes to be SSChigh CD11b+ CD125+ Siglec-F+ (where SSChigh indicates a high side scatter phenotype) eosinophils. There was no change in the number of eosinophils in PIV-vaccinated CD4-deficient mice compared to the level in controls, which suggests that eosinophil accumulation is CD4+ T cell dependent. To evaluate the importance of eosinophils in PIV-mediated protection, we vaccinated and challenged eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGATA mice. ΔdblGATA mice had significantly worse disease than their wild-type counterparts when challenged 7 days postvaccination, while no significant difference was seen at 28 days postvaccination. Nevertheless, ΔdblGATA mice had elevated serum IgM with decreased IgG1 and IgG2a whether mice were challenged at 7 or 28 days postvaccination. These results suggest that eosinophils may play a role in early vaccine protection against C. burnetii and contribute to antibody isotype switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Ledbetter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rama Cherla
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Guoquan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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López-Santiago R, Sánchez-Argáez AB, De Alba-Núñez LG, Baltierra-Uribe SL, Moreno-Lafont MC. Immune Response to Mucosal Brucella Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1759. [PMID: 31481953 PMCID: PMC6710357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis of worldwide distribution. The disease is caused by Brucella spp., facultative intracellular pathogens. Brucellosis in animals results in abortion of fetuses, while in humans, it frequently manifests flu-like symptoms and a typical undulant fever, being osteoarthritis a common complication of the chronic infection. The two most common ways to acquire the infection in humans are through the ingestion of contaminated dairy products or by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Brucella spp. enter the body mainly through the gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosa; however, most studies of immune response to Brucella spp. are performed analyzing models of systemic immunity. It is necessary to better understand the mucosal immune response induced by Brucella infection since this is the main entry site for the bacterium. In this review, some virulence factors and the mechanisms needed for pathogen invasion and persistence are discussed. Furthermore, some aspects of local immune responses induced during Brucella infection will be reviewed. With this knowledge, better vaccines can be designed focused on inducing protective mucosal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Santiago
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Beatriz Sánchez-Argáez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Liliana Gabriela De Alba-Núñez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Martha Cecilia Moreno-Lafont
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Muñoz González F, Sycz G, Alonso Paiva IM, Linke D, Zorreguieta A, Baldi PC, Ferrero MC. The BtaF Adhesin Is Necessary for Full Virulence During Respiratory Infection by Brucella suis and Is a Novel Immunogen for Nasal Vaccination Against Brucella Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1775. [PMID: 31402921 PMCID: PMC6676368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella enters their hosts mostly through mucosae from where it spreads systemically. Adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) components or to host cells is important for the infectious process, and is mediated by several adhesins, including the BtaF trimeric autotransporter. Although Th1 responses and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) are important for protection, antibodies able to block adhesions might also contribute to prevent Brucella infection. We evaluated the importance of BtaF for respiratory Brucella infection, and characterized the immune response and protection from mucosal challenge induced by nasal vaccination with recombinant BtaF. While lung CFU numbers did not differ at day 1 p.i. between mice intratracheally inoculated with B. suis M1330 (wild type) and those receiving a ΔbtaF mutant, they were reduced in the latter group at 7 and 30 days p.i. For vaccination studies the BtaF passenger domain was engineered and expressed as a soluble trimeric protein. Mice were immunized by the nasal route with BtaF or saline (control group) plus the mucosal adjuvant c-di-AMP. Specific anti-BtaF antibodies (IgG and IgA) were increased in serum, including a mixed IgG2a/IgG1 response. In vitro, these antibodies reduced bacterial adhesion to A549 alveolar epithelial cells. Specific IgA antibodies were also increased in several mucosae. Spleen cells from BtaF immunized mice significantly increased their IL-2, IL-5, IL-17, and IFN-γ secretion upon antigen stimulation. In cervical draining lymph nodes, antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells were maintained mainly as central memory cells. A BtaF-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response was detected in BtaF immunized mice. Lung cells from the latter produced high levels of IFN-γ upon antigen stimulation. Although nasal immunization with BtaF did not protect mice against B. suis respiratory challenge, it conferred significant protection from intragastric challenge; the splenic load of B. suis was reduced by 3.28 log CFU in immunized mice. This study shows that nasal vaccination with BtaF+c-di-AMP protects against intragastric challenge with B. suis by inducing local and systemic antibody responses, central memory CD4+ T cells and strong Th1 responses. Therefore, although BtaF vaccination did not protect from B. suis respiratory infection, this adhesin constitutes a promising immunogen against mucosal B. suis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Muñoz González
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Sycz
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iván M Alonso Paiva
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dirk Linke
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Pablo C Baldi
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana C Ferrero
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Intranasally administered anti-Brucella subunit vaccine formulation induces protective immune responses against nasal Brucella challenge. Vet Microbiol 2018; 228:112-118. [PMID: 30593355 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to develop a safe and effective anti-Brucella subunit vaccine for mucosal protection against the respiratory exposure of Brucella infection. A chitosan-based Brucella nasal vaccine (BNV) was formulated using well-known Brucella immunogens, sodC, omp19, BLS and PrpA and tested against nasal Brucella challenge in BALB/c mice. The mice were intra-nasally vaccinated with sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS), BNV or BNV plus Brucella LPS, and humoral (systemic IgG and mucosal IgA) and cell-mediated immune responses were analyzed. Results showed that mice vaccinated with either BNV or BNV plus LPS elicited significantly (p < 0.05) high IgG and IgA responses compared to the PBS control. The IgG responses were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than IgA levels, which showed almost comparable levels observed in either intestines or in lungs. Furthermore, the IgG and IgA responses against each individual component of the BNV formulation indicated that omp19 induced highest levels of both IgG and IgA levels than the other constituents of BNV formulation. Upon re-stimulation of the splenocytes with Brucella whole cell lysate, significantly (p < 0.05) high IFN-γ levels, lymphocyte proliferation, and CD4+ T cell responses were observed in mice vaccinated with BNV or BNV plus LPS. Upon sub-lethal nasal challenge with wild-type Brucella strain, vaccinated mice showed significant reduction of Brucella recovery in lungs and spleen compared to the PBS control. This study indicates that BNV formulation with or without Brucella LPS efficiently induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and conferred significant protection against the sub-lethal Brucella challenge.
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Kim WK, Moon JY, Cho JS, Akanda MR, Park BY, Kug Eo S, Park SY, Lee JH, Hur J. Brucella abortus lysed cells using GI24 induce robust immune response and provide effective protection in Beagles. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4768093. [PMID: 29272378 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to estimate the protective efficacy of Brucella abortus lysed cells by GI24 against brucellosis in Beagles. Group A was subcutaneously (sc) immunized with sterile phosphate-buffered saline, and group B was sc immunized with approximately 3 × 109 of the lysed cells. Brucella-LPS-specific serum IgG titers and IL-4, TNF-α and IFN-γ concentrations were investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. All dogs were intraconjunctivally challenged with B. abortus strain 544 at 6 weeks post-prime immunization. The serum IgG titers were considerably higher in group B than in group A. The levels of IL-4, TNF-α and IFN-γ in group B than in group A were significantly higher. Following challenge, no challenge strain was observed from all tissues of three dogs of group B. However, challenge strain was detected from spleen, uterus (except one Beagle) and inguinal and retropharyngeal lymph nodes of all group A Beagles. The results of this study demonstrated that sc immunization with the lysed cells induced robust antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in Beagles. The lysed cells also conferred protection against infection with B. abortus. These results suggest that sc immunization with B. abortus lysed cells by GI24 is a good vaccine candidate against brucellosis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sang Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youel Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
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Pascual DW, Yang X, Wang H, Goodwin Z, Hoffman C, Clapp B. Alternative strategies for vaccination to brucellosis. Microbes Infect 2017; 20:599-605. [PMID: 29287984 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis remains burdensome for livestock and humans worldwide. Better vaccines for protection are needed to reduce disease incidence. Immunity to brucellosis and barriers to protection are discussed. The benefits and limitations of conventional and experimental brucellosis vaccines are outlined, and novel vaccination strategies needed to ultimately protect against brucellosis are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Pascual
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Xinghong Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zakia Goodwin
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Beata Clapp
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Li Y, Lian D, Deng S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Li W, Bai H, Wang Z, Wu H, Fu J, Han H, Feng J, Liu G, Lian L, Lian Z. Efficient production of pronuclear embryos in breeding and nonbreeding season for generating transgenic sheep overexpressing TLR4. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:38. [PMID: 27408716 PMCID: PMC4940989 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucella is a zoonotic Gram-negative pathogen that causes abortion and infertility in ruminants and humans. TLR4 is the receptor for LPS which can recognize Brucella and initiate antigen-presenting cell activities that affect both innate and adaptive immunity. Consequently, transgenic sheep over-expressing TLR4 are an suitable model to investigate the effects of TLR4 on preventing Brucellosis. In this study, we generated transgenic sheep overexpressing TLR4 and aimed to evaluate the effects of different seasons (breeding and non-breeding season) on superovulation and the imported exogenous gene on growth. RESULTS In total of 43 donor ewes and 166 recipient ewes in breeding season, 37 donor ewes and 144 recipient ewes in non-breeding season were selected for super-ovulation and injected embryo transfer to generate transgenic sheep. Our results indicated the no. of embryos recovered of donors and the rate of pronuclear embryos did not show any significant difference between breeding and non-breeding seasons (P > 0.05). The positive rate of exogenous TLR4 tested were 21.21 % and 22.58 % in breeding and non-breeding season by Southern blot. The expression level of TLR4 in the transgenic sheep was 1.5 times higher than in the non-transgenic group (P < 0.05). The lambs overexpressing TLR4 had similar growth performance with non-transgenic lambs, and the blood physiological parameters of transgenic and non-transgenic were both in the normal range and did not show any difference. CONCLUSIONS Here we establish an efficient platform for the production of transgenic sheep by the microinjection of pronuclear embryos during the whole year. The over-expression of TLR4 had no adverse effect on the growth of the sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Di Lian
- Department of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL 60532 USA
| | - Shoulong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | | | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin, 300381 China
| | - Wenting Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhixian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hongping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Juncai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hongbing Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jianzhong Feng
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin, 300381 China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Ling Lian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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12
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Nasal vaccination stimulates CD8(+) T cells for potent protection against mucosal Brucella melitensis challenge. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:496-508. [PMID: 26752510 PMCID: PMC4879022 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis remains a significant zoonotic threat worldwide. Humans and animals acquire infection via their oropharynx and upper respiratory tract following oral or aerosol exposure. After mucosal infection, brucellosis develops into a systemic disease. Mucosal vaccination could offer a viable alternative to conventional injection practices to deter disease. Using a nasal vaccination approach, the ΔznuA B. melitensis was found to confer potent protection against pulmonary Brucella challenge, and reduce colonization of spleens and lungs by more than 2500-fold, with more than 50% of vaccinated mice showing no detectable brucellae. Furthermore, tenfold more brucellae-specific, IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells than CD4+ T cells were induced in the spleen and respiratory lymph nodes. Evaluation of pulmonary and splenic CD8+ T cells from mice vaccinated with ΔznuA B. melitensis revealed that these expressed an activated effector memory (CD44hiCD62LloCCR7lo) T cells producing elevated levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, perforin, and granzyme B. To assess the relative importance of these increased numbers of CD8+ T cells, CD8−/− mice were challenged with virulent B. melitensis, and they showed markedly increased bacterial loads in organs in contrast to similarly challenged CD4−/− mice. Only ΔznuA B. melitensis- and Rev-1-vaccinated CD4−/− and wild-type mice, not CD8−/− mice, were completely protected against Brucella challenge. Determination of cytokines responsible for conferring protection showed the relative importance of IFN-γ, but not IL-17. Unlike wild-type mice, IL-17 was greatly induced in IFN-γ−/− mice, but IL-17 could not substitute for IFN-γ’s protection, although an increase in brucellae dissemination was observed upon in vivo IL-17 neutralization. These results show that nasal ΔznuA B. melitensis vaccination represents an attractive means to stimulate systemic and mucosal immune protection via CD8+ T cell engagement.
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Miranda KL, Dorneles EMS, Pauletti RB, Poester FP, Lage AP. Brucella abortus S19 and RB51 vaccine immunogenicity test: Evaluation of three mice (BALB/c, Swiss and CD-1®) and two challenge strains (544 and 2308). Vaccine 2015; 33:507-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Use of S-[2,3-bispalmitoyiloxy-(2R)-propyl]-R-cysteinyl-amido-monomethoxy polyethylene glycol as an adjuvant improved protective immunity associated with a DNA vaccine encoding Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase of Brucella abortus in mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:1474-80. [PMID: 25165025 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00554-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding Brucella abortus Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) using the Toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist S-[2,3-bispalmitoyiloxy-(2R)-propyl]-R-cysteinyl-amido-monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (BPPcysMPEG) as an adjuvant. Intranasal coadministration of BPPcysMPEG with a plasmid carrying the SOD-encoding gene (pcDNA-SOD) into BALB/c mice elicited antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Humoral responses were characterized by the stimulation of IgG2a and IgG1 and by the presence of SOD-specific secretory IgA in nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Furthermore, T-cell proliferative responses and increased production of gamma interferon were also observed upon splenocyte restimulation with recombinant SOD. Cytotoxic responses were also stimulated, as demonstrated by the lysis of RB51-SOD-infected J774.A1 macrophages by cells recovered from immunized mice. The pcDNA-SOD/BPPcysMPEG formulation induced improved protection against challenge with the virulent strain B. abortus 2308 in BALB/c mice over that provided by pcDNA-SOD, suggesting the potential of this vaccination strategy against Brucella infection.
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