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Sheng S, Zhang H, Li X, Chen J, Wang P, Liang Y, Li C, Li H, Pan N, Bao X, Liu M, Zhao L, Li X, Guan P, Wang X. Probiotic-derived amphiphilic exopolysaccharide self-assembling adjuvant delivery platform for enhancing immune responses. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:267. [PMID: 38764014 PMCID: PMC11103965 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing immune response activation through the synergy of effective antigen delivery and immune enhancement using natural, biodegradable materials with immune-adjuvant capabilities is challenging. Here, we present NAPSL.p that can activate the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, an amphiphilic exopolysaccharide, as a potential self-assembly adjuvant delivery platform. Its molecular structure and unique properties exhibited remarkable self-assembly, forming a homogeneous nanovaccine with ovalbumin (OVA) as the model antigen. When used as an adjuvant, NAPSL.p significantly increased OVA uptake by dendritic cells. In vivo imaging revealed prolonged pharmacokinetics of NAPSL. p-delivered OVA compared to OVA alone. Notably, NAPSL.p induced elevated levels of specific serum IgG and isotype titers, enhancing rejection of B16-OVA melanoma xenografts in vaccinated mice. Additionally, NAPSL.p formulation improved therapeutic effects, inhibiting tumor growth, and increasing animal survival rates. The nanovaccine elicited CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-based immune responses, demonstrating the potential for melanoma prevention. Furthermore, NAPSL.p-based vaccination showed stronger protective effects against influenza compared to Al (OH)3 adjuvant. Our findings suggest NAPSL.p as a promising, natural self-adjuvanting delivery platform to enhance vaccine design across applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China
| | - Haochi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China
- JinYuBaoLing Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Inner Mongolia, 010000, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China
| | - Yanchen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China
| | - Chunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China
| | - Haotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China
| | - Na Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- JinYuBaoLing Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Inner Mongolia, 010000, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- JinYuBaoLing Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Inner Mongolia, 010000, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Pingyuan Guan
- JinYuBaoLing Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Inner Mongolia, 010000, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China.
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Shang Q, Yu X, Sun Q, Li H, Sun C, Liu L. Polysaccharides regulate Th1/Th2 balance: A new strategy for tumor immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115976. [PMID: 38043444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) cells have received extensive attention owing to their indispensable roles in anti-tumor immune responses. Th1 and Th2 cells are two key subsets of Th cells that exist in relative equilibrium through the secretion of cytokines that suppress their respective immune response. When the type of cytokine in the tumor microenvironment is altered, this equilibrium may be disrupted, leading to a shift from Th1 to Th2 immune response. Th1/Th2 imbalance is one of the decisive factors in the development of malignant tumors. Therefore, focusing on the balance of Th1/Th2 anti-tumor immune responses may enable future breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy. Polysaccharides can regulate the imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cells and their characteristic cytokine profiles, thereby improving the tumor immune microenvironment. To our knowledge, this study is the most comprehensive assessment of the regulation of the tumor Th1/Th2 balance by polysaccharides. Herein, we systematically summarized the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of polysaccharides in the regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells to provide a new perspective and potential target drugs for improved anti-tumor immunity and delayed tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Shang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China; Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, China.
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, China.
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Xiong H, Han X, Cai L, Zheng H. Natural polysaccharides exert anti-tumor effects as dendritic cell immune enhancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1274048. [PMID: 37876967 PMCID: PMC10593453 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1274048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of immunotherapy, the process of tumor treatment is also moving forward. Polysaccharides are biological response modifiers widely found in plants, animals, fungi, and algae and are mainly composed of monosaccharides covalently linked by glycosidic bonds. For a long time, polysaccharides have been widely used clinically to enhance the body's immunity. However, their mechanisms of action in tumor immunotherapy have not been thoroughly explored. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of antigen presenting cells (APCs) that play a crucial role in the regulation and maintenance of the immune response. There is growing evidence that polysaccharides can enhance the essential functions of DCs to intervene the immune response. This paper describes the research progress on the anti-tumor immune effects of natural polysaccharides on DCs. These studies show that polysaccharides can act on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surface of DCs and activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Dectin-1/Syk, and other signalling pathways, thereby promoting the main functions of DCs such as maturation, metabolism, antigen uptake and presentation, and activation of T cells, and then play an anti-tumor role. In addition, the application of polysaccharides as adjuvants for DC vaccines, in combination with adoptive immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as well as their co-assembly with nanoparticles (NPs) into nano drug delivery systems is also introduced. These results reveal the biological effects of polysaccharides, provide a new perspective for the anti-tumor immunopharmacological research of natural polysaccharides, and provide helpful information for guiding polysaccharides as complementary medicines in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtai Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpu Han
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Cai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li S, Zhao W, Xia L, Kong L, Yang L. How Long Will It Take to Launch an Effective Helicobacter pylori Vaccine for Humans? Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3787-3805. [PMID: 37342435 PMCID: PMC10278649 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s412361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection often occurs in early childhood, and can last a lifetime if not treated with medication. H. pylori infection can also cause a variety of stomach diseases, which can only be treated with a combination of antibiotics. Combinations of antibiotics can cure H. pylori infection, but it is easy to relapse and develop drug resistance. Therefore, a vaccine is a promising strategy for prevention and therapy for the infection of H. pylori. After decades of research and development, there has been no appearance of any H. pylori vaccine reaching the market, unfortunately. This review summarizes the aspects of candidate antigens, immunoadjuvants, and delivery systems in the long journey of H. pylori vaccine research, and also introduces some clinical trials that have displayed encouraging or depressing results. Possible reasons for the inability of an H. pylori vaccine to be available over the counter are cautiously discussed and some propositions for the future of H. pylori vaccines are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xia
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corporation Limited, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
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Gallo AL, Soler F, Pellizas C, Vélez ML. Polysaccharide extracts from mycelia of Ganoderma australe: effect on dendritic cell immunomodulation and antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dong S, Guo X, Han F, He Z, Wang Y. Emerging role of natural products in cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1163-1185. [PMID: 35530162 PMCID: PMC9069318 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become a new generation of anti-tumor treatment, but its indications still focus on several types of tumors that are sensitive to the immune system. Therefore, effective strategies that can expand its indications and enhance its efficiency become the key element for the further development of cancer immunotherapy. Natural products are reported to have this effect on cancer immunotherapy, including cancer vaccines, immune-check points inhibitors, and adoptive immune-cells therapy. And the mechanism of that is mainly attributed to the remodeling of the tumor-immunosuppressive microenvironment, which is the key factor that assists tumor to avoid the recognition and attack from immune system and cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, this review summarizes and concludes the natural products that reportedly improve cancer immunotherapy and investigates the mechanism. And we found that saponins, polysaccharides, and flavonoids are mainly three categories of natural products, which reflected significant effects combined with cancer immunotherapy through reversing the tumor-immunosuppressive microenvironment. Besides, this review also collected the studies about nano-technology used to improve the disadvantages of natural products. All of these studies showed the great potential of natural products in cancer immunotherapy.
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Key Words
- AKT, alpha-serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
- Adoptive immune-cells transfer immunotherapy
- B2M, beta-2-microglobulin
- BMDCs, bone marrow dendritic cells
- BPS, basil polysaccharide
- BTLA, B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CCL22, C–C motif chemokine 22
- CIKs, cytokine-induced killer cells
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CTL, cytotoxic T cell
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4
- Cancer immunotherapy
- Cancer vaccines
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- FDA, US Food and Drug Administration
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HER-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1
- HSPs, heat shock proteins
- ICD, Immunogenic cell death
- ICTs, immunological checkpoints
- IFN-γ, interferon γ
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- Immuno-check points
- Immunosuppressive microenvironment
- LLC, Lewis lung cancer
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex class
- MITF, melanogenesis associated transcription factor
- MMP-9, matrix metalloprotein-9
- Mcl-1, myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein 1
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NKTs, natural killer T cells
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Natural products
- OVA, ovalbumin
- PD-1, programmed death-1
- PD-L1, programmed death receptor ligand 1
- PGE-2, prostaglandin E2
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages
- TAP, transporters related with antigen processing
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TILs, tumor infiltration lymphocytes
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TSA, tumor specific antigens
- Teffs, effective T cells
- Th1, T helper type 1
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiangnan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Božić Nedeljković B, Ćilerdžić J, Zmijanjac D, Marković M, Džopalić T, Vasilijić S, Stajić M, Vučević D. Immunomodulatory effects of extract of Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) basidiocarps cultivated on alternative substrate. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:45-59. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022044452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Li Y, Wang X, Ma X, Liu C, Wu J, Sun C. Natural Polysaccharides and Their Derivates: A Promising Natural Adjuvant for Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:621813. [PMID: 33935714 PMCID: PMC8080043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.621813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment process of tumor is advanced with the development of immunotherapy. In clinical experience, immunotherapy has achieved very significant results. However, the application of immunotherapy is limited by a variety of immune microenvironment. For a long time in the past, polysaccharides such as lentinan and Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptide have been used in clinic as adjuvant drugs to widely improve the immunity of the body. However, their mechanism in tumor immunotherapy has not been deeply discussed. Studies have shown that natural polysaccharides can stimulate innate immunity by activating upstream immune cells so as to regulate adaptive immune pathways such as T cells and improve the effect of immunotherapy, suggesting that polysaccharides also have a promising future in cancer therapy. This review systematically discusses that polysaccharides can directly or indirectly activate macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells etc., binding to their surface receptors, inducing PI3K/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Notch and other pathways, promote their proliferation and differentiation, increasing the secretion of cytokines, and improve the state of immune suppression. These results provide relevant basis for guiding polysaccharide to be used as adjuvants of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China.,Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
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Huo W, Feng Z, Hu S, Cui L, Qiao T, Dai L, Qi P, Zhang L, Liu Y, Li J. Effects of polysaccharides from wild morels on immune response and gut microbiota composition in non-treated and cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:4291-4303. [PMID: 32356856 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00597e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides isolated from mushrooms have been identified as potential prebiotics that could impact gut microbiota. In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (MP) extracted from wild morels was evaluated for its effects on the gut microbiota of non-treated and cyclophosphamide (CP)-treated mice. The results showed that MP restored the spleen weight and increased the counts of white blood cells and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and spleen of the CP-treated mice. Mice treated with MP exhibited increased levels of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, especially Lachnospiraceae, compared to normal mice, and increased levels of Bacteroidetes and SCFA-producing bacteria, especially Ruminococcaceae, compared to the CP-treated mice. Moreover, MP treatment increased the production of valeric acid and decreased the production of acetic acid in the non-treated mice and increased the production of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid in the CP-treated mice. These results show that MP is potentially good for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Huo
- Fungal Research Center, Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an 710043, Shaanxi, China.
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Lai YJ, Hsu KD, Huang TJ, Hsieh CW, Chan YH, Cheng KC. Anti-Melanogenic Effect from Submerged Mycelial Cultures of Ganoderma weberianum. MYCOBIOLOGY 2019; 47:112-119. [PMID: 30988994 PMCID: PMC6450578 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2019.1568680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Compounds from Lingzhi has been demonstrated the ability for inhibiting tyrosinase (a key enzyme in melanogenesis) activity. In this study, we investigated the anti-melanogenic activity from the submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma weberianum and elucidated the skin lightening mechanism by B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. From the cellular context, several fractionated mycelium samples exhibited anti-melanogenic activity by reducing more than 40% extracellular melanin content of B16-F10 melanoma cells. In particular, the fractionated chloroform extract (CF-F3) inhibited both secreted and intracellular melanin with the lowest dosage (25 ppm). Further analysis demonstrated that CF-F3 inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity without altering its protein expression. Taken together, our study has demonstrated that the chemical extracts from submerged mycelial culture of G. weberianum have the potential to serve as an alternative anti-melanogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jang Lai
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Di Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hin Chan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu C, Luo J, Xue RY, Guo L, Nie L, Li S, Ji L, Ma CJ, Chen DQ, Miao K, Zou QM, Li HB. The mucosal adjuvant effect of plant polysaccharides for induction of protective immunity against Helicobacter pylori infection. Vaccine 2019; 37:1053-1061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Immunomodulating Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) and Possible Mechanism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1182:1-37. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Tang Q, Zhou S, Feng J, Chen H. Polysaccharide of Ganoderma and Its Bioactivities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1181:107-134. [PMID: 31677141 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9867-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma, named lingzhi in China, has been used for centuries as drug and nutraceutical to treat diseases. Based on our research and other literatures, the chapter summarizes the progress of preparation, structural features and properties, bioactivities of Ganoderma polysaccharides. The aim is to provide a comprehensive source of information for researchers and consumers of Ganoderma, so they can better understand Ganoderma polysaccharides and their biological activities. In addition, more clinical studies should be carried out to meet the criteria for new drug development, and more convincing scientific data should be provided. In addition, on the basis of a large number of studies on Ganoderma polysaccharides, we suggest that more clinical studies should be carried out so that Ganoderma can be better recognized and applied all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjiu Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Bo S, Dan M, Li W, Zhang P. Characterizations and immunostimulatory activities of a polysaccharide from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. roots. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:791-799. [PMID: 30553856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A polysaccharide from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. named ARP, was obtained and purified by the hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and deproteinization of TCA. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide fraction of ARP was calculated to be 1.23 × 104 Da from a calibration curve obtained with dextran standards. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that ARP was composed of Gal, Ara, Glu, Man, Rha and Fuc at a molar ratio of 53.8:21.3:11.7:6.8:4.3:2.2. Methylation analysis suggested that ARP was likely an arabinogalactan and that its backbone mainly consisted of Galp residues of 1,6‑linkages and Ara residues of 1,5‑ or 1,3‑linkages. The in vitro experiment indicated that ARP enhanced B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation. A dose-dependent relationship was observed, and a dose of 200 μg/mL resulted in the highest cell viability. In addition, ARP significantly stimulated the production of the cytokine, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and enhanced B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation. Meanwhile, ARP had little effect on interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. The experiments of the effect of ARP on the activation of macrophage in vitro indicated that ARP significantly enhanced the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β which suggested the polysaccharide induced the functional activation of macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surina Bo
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Jinshan Development Zone, 010110, China.
| | - Mu Dan
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Jinshan Development Zone, 010110, China
| | - Wenxi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Jinshan Development Zone, 010110, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Jinshan Development Zone, 010110, China.
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Ramos-Vega A, Rosales-Mendoza S, Bañuelos-Hernández B, Angulo C. Prospects on the Use of Schizochytrium sp. to Develop Oral Vaccines. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2506. [PMID: 30410471 PMCID: PMC6209683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oral subunit vaccines are highly relevant in the fight against widespread diseases, their high cost, safety and proper immunogenicity are attributes that have yet to be addressed in many cases and thus these limitations should be considered in the development of new oral vaccines. Prominent examples of new platforms proposed to address these limitations are plant cells and microalgae. Schizochytrium sp. constitutes an attractive expression host for vaccine production because of its high biosynthetic capacity, fast growth in low cost culture media, and the availability of processes for industrial scale production. In addition, whole Schizochytrium sp. cells may serve as delivery vectors; especially for oral vaccines since Schizochytrium sp. is safe for oral consumption, produces immunomodulatory compounds, and may provide bioencapsulation to the antigen, thus increasing its bioavailability. Remarkably, Schizochytrium sp. was recently used for the production of a highly immunoprotective influenza vaccine. Moreover, an efficient method for transient expression of antigens based on viral vectors and Schizochytrium sp. as host has been recently developed. In this review, the potential of Schizochytrium sp. in vaccinology is placed in perspective, with emphasis on its use as an attractive oral vaccination vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Ramos-Vega
- Grupo de Inmunología and Vacunología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.,Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Angulo
- Grupo de Inmunología and Vacunología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico
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Kim KA, Son YO, Kim SS, Jang YS, Baek YH, Kim CC, Lee JH, Lee JC. Glycoproteins isolated from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz improve protective immune response induction in a mouse model. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1823-1831. [PMID: 30483447 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the efficacy of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (AMK) protein and polysaccharide extracts as adjuvant or adjuvant booster when given together with porcine pleuropneumonia vaccine. Experimental mice (n = 5/group) were subcutaneously immunized with 25 μg ApxIIA #3 antigen, a target protein against A. pleuropneumoniae, together with alum and/or various concentrations (0-500 μg) of the AMK extracts, while the control group received PBS only. Immunization with ApxIIA #3 antigen increased the antigen-specific IgG titer and this increase was enhanced in the immunization together with AMK protein, but not polysaccharide extract. Supplementation of AMK protein extract exhibited dose-dependent increases in the antigen-induced protective immunity against A. pleuropneumoniae challenge and in the lymphocyte proliferation specific to the antigen. Glycoproteins present in the AMK extract were the active components responsible for immune response induction. Collectively, the present findings suggest that AMK glycoproteins are useful as immune stimulating adjuvant or adjuvant booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-A Kim
- 1Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea
| | - Young-Ok Son
- 2Cell Dynamics Research Center and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 South Korea
| | - So-Soon Kim
- 3Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- 3Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Baek
- 1Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea
| | - Chun-Chu Kim
- 1Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- 1Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- 1Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea.,3Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea
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Huang X, Nie S. The structure of mushroom polysaccharides and their beneficial role in health. Food Funct 2016; 6:3205-17. [PMID: 26345165 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00678c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mushroom is a kind of fungus that has been popular for its special flavour and renowned biological values. The polysaccharide contained in mushroom is regarded as one of the primary bioactive constituents and is beneficial for health. The structural features and bioactivities of mushroom polysaccharides have been studied extensively. It is believed that the diverse biological bioactivities of polysaccharides are closely related to their structure or conformation properties. In this review, the structural characteristics, conformational features and bioactivities of several mushroom polysaccharides are summarized, and their beneficial mechanisms and the relationships between their structure and bioactivities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P. R. China.
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18
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Liu Z, Luo L, Zheng S, Niu Y, Bo R, Huang Y, Xing J, Li Z, Wang D. Cubosome nanoparticles potentiate immune properties of immunostimulants. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3571-83. [PMID: 27536099 PMCID: PMC4973726 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cubosomes have been explored as drug and antigen carriers in the past few years. A few reports have described that cubosomes can enhance the ability of immunostimulants to generate strong immune responses. Polysaccharide (PS), an immunostimulant, has been reported to be a promising adjuvant for vaccines. Herein, we incorporated PS into cubosomes to generate PS-cubosome (Cub-PS) nanoparticles, and Cub-PS was characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering scattering and cryo-field emission scanning electron microscopy. The immunological activity of Cub-PS was compared with that of Cub and PS. The results demonstrated that Cub-PS elicited more potent immune responses than Cub or PS alone. The enhanced immune responses might be attributed to the promotion of antigen transport into draining lymph nodes and efficient dendritic cell activation and memory T-helper cell differentiation in draining lymph nodes. Overall, these findings indicate that cubosomes have the potential to enhance the ability of immunostimulants to generate an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Zheng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yale Niu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Bo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yee Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xing
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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The immune adjuvant response of polysaccharides from Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz in chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease (ND). Carbohydr Polym 2016; 141:190-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Li S, Dong C, Wen H, Liu X. Development of Ling-zhi industry in China - emanated from the artificial cultivation in the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS). Mycology 2016; 7:74-80. [PMID: 30123618 PMCID: PMC6059055 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2016.1171805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ling-zhi is a medicinal herb that generally refers to a fungus in the genus Ganoderma. It has been used as a medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years. Mycologists at the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS) first artificially cultivated the Ling-zhi fruiting body in the late 1960s (X.J. Liu's team). In IMCAS, different research teams have extensively studied Ling-zhi in the aspects of national resource surveys, systematic taxonomy, chemical analysis, and processing for medicinal and health applications. The research results from IMCAS have provided essential support and prompted the development of the Ling-zhi industry in China to some extent. This review aims to summarize the history of research on Ling-zhi in IMCAS and its role in the development of the Ling-zhi economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua'an Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Preparation and characterisation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate)/Ganoderma lucidum fibre composites: mechanical and biological properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharide from marine fungus Phoma herbarum YS4108 on T cells and dendritic cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:738631. [PMID: 25525304 PMCID: PMC4267005 DOI: 10.1155/2014/738631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
YCP, as a kind of natural polysaccharides from the mycelium of marine filamentous fungus Phoma herbarum YS4108, has great antitumor potential via enhancement of host immune response, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we mainly focused on the effects and mechanisms of YCP on the specific immunity mediated by dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. T cell /DC activation-related factors including interferon- (IFN-) γ, interleukin-12 (IL-12), and IL-4 were examined with ELISA. Receptor knock-out mice and fluorescence-activated cell sorting are used to analyze the YCP-binding receptor of T cells and DCs. RT-PCR is utilized to measure MAGE-A3 for analyzing the tumor-specific killing effect. In our study, we demonstrated YCP can provide the second signal for T cell activation, proliferation, and IFN-γ production through binding to toll-like receptor- (TLR-) 2 and TLR-4. YCP could effectively promote IL-12 secretion and expression of markers (CD80, CD86, and MHC II) via TLR-4 on DCs. Antigen-specific immunity against mouse melanoma cells was strengthened through the activation of T cells and the enhancement of capacity of DCs by YCP. The data supported that YCP can exhibit specific immunomodulatory capacity mediated by T cells and DCs.
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Activation of antitumor immune responses by Ganoderma formosanum polysaccharides in tumor-bearing mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9389-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Pi CC, Wang HY, Lu CY, Lu FL, Chen CJ. Ganoderma formosanum polysaccharides attenuate Th2 inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of allergic asthma. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:297. [PMID: 25019045 PMCID: PMC4072879 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways mediated by Th2 immune responses and characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Fungi of the genus Ganoderma are basidiomycetes that have been used in traditional Asian medicine for centuries. We recently found that PS-F2, a polysaccharide fraction purified from the submerged culture broth of Ganoderma formosanum, stimulates the activation of dendritic cells and primes a T helper 1 (Th1)-polarized adaptive immune response. This study was designed to investigate whether the Th1 adjuvant properties of PS-F2 could suppress the development of allergic asthma in a mouse model. BALB/c mice were sensitized by repeated immunization with chicken ovalbumin (OVA) and alum, followed by intranasal challenge of OVA to induce acute asthma. PS-F2 administration during the course of OVA sensitization and challenge effectively prevented AHR development, OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 production, bronchial inflammation, and Th2 cytokine production. Our data indicate that PS-F2 has a potential to be used for the prevention of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Pi
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Wang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ying Lu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Frank Leigh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10041 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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