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Lin A, Apostolovic D, Jahnmatz M, Liang F, Ols S, Tecleab T, Wu C, van Hage M, Solovay K, Rubin K, Locht C, Thorstensson R, Thalen M, Loré K. Live attenuated pertussis vaccine BPZE1 induces a broad antibody response in humans. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2332-2346. [PMID: 31945015 DOI: 10.1172/jci135020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe live attenuated BPZE1 vaccine candidate induces protection against B. pertussis and prevents nasal colonization in animal models. Here we report on the responses in humans receiving a single intranasal administration of BPZE1.METHODSWe performed multiple assays to dissect the immune responses induced in humans (n = 12) receiving BPZE1, with particular emphasis on the magnitude and characteristics of the antibody responses. Such responses were benchmarked to adolescents (n = 12) receiving the complete vaccination program of the currently used acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV). Using immunoproteomics analysis, potentially novel immunogenic B. pertussis antigens were identified.RESULTSAll BPZE1 vaccinees showed robust B. pertussis-specific antibody responses with regard to significant increase in 1 or more of the following parameters: IgG, IgA, and memory B cells to B. pertussis antigens. BPZE1-specific T cells showed a Th1 phenotype, and the IgG exclusively consisted of IgG1 and IgG3. In contrast, all aPV vaccines showed a Th2-biased response. Immunoproteomics profiling revealed that BPZE1 elicited broader and different antibody specificities to B. pertussis antigens as compared with the aPV that primarily induced antibodies to the vaccine antigens. Moreover, BPZE1 was superior at inducing opsonizing antibodies that stimulated ROS production in neutrophils and enhanced bactericidal function, which was in line with the finding that antibodies against adenylate cyclase toxin were only elicited by BPZE1.CONCLUSIONThe breadth of the antibodies, the Th1-type cellular response, and killing mechanisms elicited by BPZE1 may hold prospects of improving vaccine efficacy and protection against B. pertussis transmission.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02453048, NCT00870350.FUNDINGILiAD Biotechnologies, Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet), Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Lin
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maja Jahnmatz
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Liang
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Ols
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Chenyan Wu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and
| | - Ken Solovay
- ILiAD Biotechnologies, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keith Rubin
- ILiAD Biotechnologies, New York, New York, USA
| | - Camille Locht
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Raeven RHM, van der Maas L, Pennings JLA, Fuursted K, Jørgensen CS, van Riet E, Metz B, Kersten GFA, Dalby T. Antibody Specificity Following a Recent Bordetella pertussis Infection in Adolescence Is Correlated With the Pertussis Vaccine Received in Childhood. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1364. [PMID: 31275314 PMCID: PMC6592373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella (B.) pertussis resurgence affects not only the unvaccinated, but also the vaccinated population. Different vaccines are available, however, it is currently unknown whether the type of childhood vaccination has an influence on antibody responses following a B. pertussis infection later in life. Therefore, the study aim was to profile serum antibody responses in young adults with suspected B. pertussis infections, immunized during childhood with either whole-cell (wPV) or monocomponent acellular pertussis (aPV) vaccines. Serum anti-pertussis toxin (PTx) IgG antibody levels served as an indicator for a recent B. pertussis infection. Leftover sera from a diagnostic laboratory from 36 Danish individuals were included and divided into four groups based on immunization background (aPV vs. wPV) and serum anti-PTx IgG levels (– vs. +). Pertussis-specific IgG/IgA antibody levels and antigen specificity were determined by using multiplex immunoassays (MIA), one- and two-dimensional immunoblotting (1 & 2DEWB), and mass spectrometry. Besides enhanced anti-PTx levels, wPV(+) and aPV(+) groups showed increased IgG and IgA levels against pertactin, filamentous hemagglutinin, fimbriae 2/3, and pertussis outer membrane vesicles (OMV). In the wPV(–) and aPV(–) groups, only low levels of anti-OMV antibodies were detected. 1DEWB demonstrated that antibody patterns differed between groups but also between individuals with the same immunization background and anti-PTx levels. 2DWB analysis for serum IgG revealed 133 immunogenic antigens of which 40 were significantly different between groups allowing to differentiate wPV(+) and aPV(+) groups. Similarly, for serum IgA, 7 of 47 immunogenic protein spots were significantly different. This study demonstrated that B. pertussis infection-induced antibody responses were distinct on antigen level between individuals with either wPV or aPV immunization background. Importantly, only 2DEWB and not MIA could detect these differences indicating the potential of this method. Moreover, in individuals immunized with an aPV containing only PTx in childhood, the infection-induced antibody responses were not limited to PTx alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- René H M Raeven
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Kurt Fuursted
- Statens Serum Institut, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Elly van Riet
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Bernard Metz
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gideon F A Kersten
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tine Dalby
- Statens Serum Institut, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Eberhardt CS, Siegrist CA. What Is Wrong with Pertussis Vaccine Immunity? Inducing and Recalling Vaccine-Specific Immunity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:a029629. [PMID: 28289058 PMCID: PMC5710108 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of pertussis in vaccinated adolescents suggests the failing of immune memory. We argue that acellular pertussis vaccines generate memory cells that are effectively reactivated by boosters better than by Bordetella pertussis exposure. We propose that there are two main causes. One is the induction of vaccine-specific immunity rather than pathogen-specific immunity. The second is that strictly mucosal infections such as B. pertussis poorly reactivate memory B and T cells residing deep in lymph nodes or tissues. Developing new vaccines for infants or adolescents will be immunologically and economically challenging. Let us hope that maternal and infant immunization, to date the most effective strategies against pertussis death, will remain so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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5
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Chen Z, He Q. Immune persistence after pertussis vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:744-756. [PMID: 28045580 PMCID: PMC5404361 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1259780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is one of the most prevalent vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide. The true infection rate is significantly higher than the reported incidence rate. An increased prevalence of pertussis in older populations has been found, mainly caused by waning immunity after vaccination. Vaccine-induced immunity differs due to variation in vaccine content, schedule and coverage. Protection following acellular pertussis vaccines has been suggested to wane faster than whole cell pertussis vaccines. However, long-term immune persistence of whole cell pertussis vaccines may be confounded by a progressive acquisition of natural immunity. The World Health Organization has recommended that a switch from whole cell to acellular pertussis vaccines for primary immunization in infants should only be considered if additional periodic boosters or maternal immunization can be ensured and sustained in the national immunization schedules. In this review, we present data on immune persistence after different pertussis vaccinations and compare the findings from countries with different vaccination strategies. Future aspects in serological studies are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Research Centre of Microbiome, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiushui He
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Research Centre of Microbiome, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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6
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Dalby T, Andersen PH, Hoffmann S. Epidemiology of pertussis in Denmark, 1995 to 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:30334. [PMID: 27632433 PMCID: PMC5048713 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.36.30334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe incidence and age distribution of laboratory-confirmed pertussis in Denmark from 1995 to 2013. Notification has been mandatory since 2007. Since 1997, an acellular monocomponent vaccine has been used. The latest epidemic occurred in 2002 with an incidence of 36 per 100,000; since 1995, only six infant deaths have been recorded. The inter-epidemic incidence lies below 10 per 100,000. In 1995, the mean age of confirmed cases was 9.2 years (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.9–10.5; median: 5.1), this gradually increased to 23.9 years in 2013 (95% CI: 22.0–25.8; median: 15.7). In 1995, 14% of laboratory-confirmed cases were 20 years and older, 43% in 2013. In the study period, the highest incidence among children was among those younger than one year with incidences between 84 and 331 per 100,000 in inter-epidemic periods (mean: 161/100,000) and 435 for the epidemic in 2002. After introduction of a preschool booster in 2003, the highest incidence among children one year and older changed gradually from three to five-year-olds in 2003 to 12 to 14-year-olds in 2013. In 2013, PCR was the primary method used for laboratory-diagnosis of pertussis in Denmark, while serology was the method with the highest percentage of positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Dalby
- Statens Serum Institut, Microbiology and Infection Control, Copenhagen, Denmark
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