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Hou X, Li N, Zhang H, Liu W, Zheng H, Wang R, Zhuang T, Hui H, Zou Z, Xia R, Santella AJ, Wang F, Wang L, Wei X, Zhuang G. Hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination among people who use drugs in Xi'an, China. Vaccine 2024; 42:126259. [PMID: 39226787 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children has declined dramatically in China due to the vaccination strategy for newborns, HBV infection in high-risk adults is receiving an increasing attention. The number of people who use drugs (PWUD) in China is huge, but their status of HBV infection and vaccination is less reported, especially from large samples. The related knowledge can help decision makers develop the further strategy of HBV prevention and control. METHODS A seroepidemiological survey was conducted in all four compulsory isolated detoxification centers (CIDCs) and all eight methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics located in Xi'an, China. All PWUD who were undergoing detoxification or treatment in these settings were included. A questionnaire was designed to obtain the information of HBV vaccination history of participants, and sociodemographic and behavioral data of participants were obtained from the registration records of their respective CIDCs or MMT clinics. RESULTS A total of 4705 PWUD participated in the survey. Positive rates of HBsAg (current infection) and HBsAg or anti-HBc (current/past infection) were 5.50% and 58.02%, notably higher than those reported for the general adult population in the same province during the same period. As age increased, the anti-HBc positive rate increased with statistically significant trend. The all-negative for HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs accounted for 28.82%. Only 18.49% were identified by the questionnaire as having received HBV vaccine. The logistic regression found that compared with identified vaccinated PWUD, those unsure if having been vaccinated and those identified non-vaccinated had a significantly higher HBV current/past infection rate, with an increasing trend. CONCLUSION PWUD are a high-risk adult group of HBV infection in China. Of them, more than half have not received HBV vaccine, and a significant portion are susceptible to HBV. Catch-up vaccination is need for this population to prevent and control HBV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Li
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hailan Zhang
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haichao Zheng
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyi Zhuang
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Hui
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuoru Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruyi Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anthony J Santella
- Department of Public Health, Marion Peckham Egan School of Nursing and Health Studies, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - Fuzhen Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guihua Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Wu JN, Huang LF, Lin ZQ, Zhou Y. Association between vaccine dose and risk of hepatitis B virus infection in Fujian Province, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2153533. [PMID: 36519244 PMCID: PMC9891677 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2153533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased dose of hepatitis B vaccine has been adopted for newborns since 2013 in Fujian, China. However, little is known about the impact of this measure on hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevention. We used the seroepidemiological surveys conducted in 2014 and 2020 to address the concern. Compared with subjects who received a 5 μg hepatitis B vaccine, participants who took a 10 μg hepatitis B vaccine were associated with a lower risk of HBV infection (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10-0.68) and a marginal reduction risk of anti-HBc positive (OR, 0.37; 95% CI: 0.13-1.08; P = .07), but not for HBsAg carrier risk. The relation between vaccine dose and risk of anti-HBc positive (OR, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.81) became slightly stronger and significant among children investigated in 2020 who probably received universal vaccination. No significant association was found for subjects whose mothers were positive for HBsAg. The current 10 μg hepatitis B vaccines for universal vaccination for newborns are reasonable and effective in HBV prevention. More measures should be taken to reduce the risk of HBsAg carriers for infants whose mothers are positive for HBsAg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Nan Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Jiang-Nan Wu Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 566 Fangxie Road, Shanghai200011, China
| | - Li-Fang Huang
- Department of Expanded of National Immunization Program, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Lin
- Department of Expanded of National Immunization Program, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Expanded of National Immunization Program, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China,CONTACT Yong Zhou Department of Expanded of National Immunization Program, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 386 Chong’an Road, Jin’an, Fuzhou350012, China
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Feng Y, Yao T, Gao Y, Li H, Dong S, Wu Y, Liu Y, Li J, Liu C, Liu J, Xue T, Yuan Y, Wu J, Wang F, Liang X, Wang S. Immunogenicity, safety, and compliance of high- and standard-strength four-dose hepatitis B vaccination regimens in patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy in China: a randomized, parallel-arm controlled trial. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1629-1635. [PMID: 34503367 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1977629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of four doses of 20 or 60 µg, and the immunogenicity and compliance of the short-term vaccination regimen (0, 1, and 2 months) among patients receiving MMT. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial among 303 patients receiving MMT who were randomized to receive 3 or 4 doses of 20 or 60 µg of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. RESULTS At month 7, the seroconversion rates in both IM20 × 4 and IM60 × 4 groups were numerically higher than the IM20 × 3 group (P > 0.05). The high-level responses and geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-HBs in both IM20 × 4 and IM60 × 4 groups were significantly higher than the IM20 × 3 group (P < 0.05). The completion rate of the short-term high-strength vaccination group was significantly higher than the standard vaccination group (P < 0.05), with similar immunogenicity (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both the high-strength and standard-strength four-dose hepatitis B vaccine regimens could improve the immune response for patients receiving MMT. The high-strength short-term vaccination regimen could improve compliance and attain comparable immunogenicity with the standard vaccination regimen. The high-strength short-term vaccination regimen is recommended and the fourth dose is encouraged for this population considering the compliance and immunogenicity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03962816).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tian Yao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yizhuo Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hong Li
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuang Dong
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanting Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic, Compulsory Isolation Drug Rehabilitation Center, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic, Compulsory Isolation Drug Rehabilitation Center, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic, Compulsory Isolation Drug Rehabilitation Center, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Xinghualing District Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tongchuan Xue
- Xinghualing District Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic, 109 Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic, 109 Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Fuzhen Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Suping Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Yao T, Wu Y, Dong S, Gao L, Shi S, Shao Z, Wu L, Feng D, Shi J, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Liang X, Wang S. Long-term durability of immunogenicity induced by standard and triple-dose hepatitis B vaccine in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:785-794. [PMID: 32815759 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1813577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored the long-term immunogenicity induced by 60 μg and 20 μg hepatitis B vaccines among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). METHODS In initial study, a randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which patients receiving MMT were administered 20 µg (IM20 group) or 60 µg (IM60 group) hepatitis B vaccines at months 0, 1, and 6. In this study, the responders at month 7 were followed-up at months 18, 30, and 42 to estimate long-term immunogenicity. RESULTS The response rate decreased from 78.0% (39/50) to 31.1% (14/45) in the IM20 group, and from 86.0% (43/50) to 50.0% (20/40) in the IM60 group from month 7 to 42. Vaccine-induced responses in 75% of patients were observed for 14.2 months in the IM20 group and for 20.0 months in the IM60 group, and differences between these two groups were non-significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The three-dose 20 µg and 60 µg hepatitis B vaccines showed similar rapid hepatitis B surface antibody decreases. Abbreviations: HBV, hepatitis B virus; MMT, methadone maintenance treatment; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibody; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; GEE, generalized estimated equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yuanting Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Shuang Dong
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Linying Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Shan Shi
- Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic, Nanning Red Cross Hospital , Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhihong Shao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Lina Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Dan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongliang Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Liang
- Chinese Preventive Medicine Association , Beijing, PR China
| | - Suping Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
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Ezeomah C, Cunningham KA, Stutz SJ, Fox RG, Bukreyeva N, Dineley KT, Paessler S, Cisneros IE. Fentanyl self-administration impacts brain immune responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:725-738. [PMID: 32165150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects over two million in the United States and is an increasing public health crisis. The abuse of fentanyl and the emergence of potent fentanyl derivatives increases the risk for the user to succumb to overdose, but also to develop OUD. While intense attention is currently focused on understanding the complexity of behaviors and neural functions that contribute to OUD, much remains to be discovered concerning the interactions of opioid intake with the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present studies, we tested the hypothesis that short-term abstinence from fentanyl self-administration associates with altered expression of innate immune markers. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer fentanyl (0.0032 mg/kg/infusion) to stability followed by 24 h of abstinence. Several innate immune markers, as well as opioid receptors (ORs) and intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), were interrogated within nodes of the neurocircuitry involved in OUD processes, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate putamen (CPu), hippocampus (HIP) and midbrain (MB). In the present study, few immune targets were impacted in the PFC and MB during short-term abstinence from fentanyl (relative to saline) self-administration. However, increased expression of cytokines [e.g., interleukin (IL)1β, IL5], chemokines [e.g., C-C motif chemokine 20 (MIP3α)], tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interferon (IFN) proteins (e.g., IFNβ and IFNγ)] was seen in the NAc, while decreased expression of cytokines (e.g., several ILs), chemokines [e.g., granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) MCP1, MIP3α], the chemokine ligand 5 (RANTES) and interferons (e.g., IFNβ and IFNγ) in the HIP. Positive correlations were observed between cumulative fentanyl intake and expression of IL1β and IL6 in the NAc, and significant negative correlations with fentanyl intake and IFN β, IL2, IL5, IL12p70 and IL17 in the HIP. Few changes in OR expression was observed during early abstinence from fentanyl self-administration. Excitingly, the expression of the PRR, stimulator of interferon genes (STING) negatively correlated with cumulative fentanyl intake and significantly correlated to specific cytokines, chemokines and interferon proteins in the HIP. Although the CPu appears relatively invulnerable to changes in innate immune markers, the highest correlations between cumulative fentanyl intake with MAVS and/or STING was measured in the CPu. Our findings provide the first evidence of CNS innate immune responses and implicate STING as novel mechanistic targets of immunomodulation during short-term abstinence from fentanyl self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiomah Ezeomah
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Sonja J Stutz
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Robert G Fox
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Natalya Bukreyeva
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Irma E Cisneros
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
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Li H, Cameron B, Douglas D, Stapleton S, Cheguelman G, Butler T, Luciani F, Lloyd AR. Incident hepatitis B virus infection and immunisation uptake in Australian prison inmates. Vaccine 2020; 38:3255-3260. [PMID: 32151462 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite an effective vaccine, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to impose a large burden of disease globally. Until childhood immunisation achieves high adult population coverage, people who inject drugs (PWID), including prison inmates remain at risk. PWID have a higher prevalence of HBV than the wider population, and lower rates of vaccine-conferred immunity. This study sought to identify the incidence and predictors of HBV transmission and uptake of immunisation in PWID prisoners in Australia. METHODS Longitudinally collected, stored sera from subjects previously enrolled in a prospective study of hepatitis C in recently incarcerated PWID prisoners (n = 590) were serologically tested for HBV. Interviews recording demographic and behavioural risks were analysed. Multivariate statistical analyses were applied to identify associations of incident infection or immunisation. RESULTS Upon imprisonment there were n = 373 (63%) individuals who were HBV susceptible, of whom 140 remained susceptible at the subsequent enrolment into the cohort, and had one or more follow-up visits (a total of 406.73 person years [p.y.]), and so were included in this analysis. There were 7 incident cases of HBV infection (1.7 per 100 p.y.) in this group, with transmission being associated with injecting drug use daily or more often. There were 48 individuals who were successfully immunised (11.8 per 100 p.y.) with younger age and continuous imprisonment predicting this outcome. CONCLUSIONS The Australian prison environment poses a high risk for HBV infection, and also provides an opportunity for immunisation for PWID. Further efforts are required to improve coverage and prevent ongoing transmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara Cameron
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Dominic Douglas
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sam Stapleton
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Grigori Cheguelman
- Population Health, Justice Health & Forensic Mental Health Network, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Butler
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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