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Al-Ebshahy E, El-Ansary RE, Zhang J, Badr Y, Rady A, El-Ashram S, Ma Y, Yuan M, Elgendy E. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of FMD virus isolated from two outbreaks in Egypt. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105651. [PMID: 39089501 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite intensive control efforts, Foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks continue to occur regularly in Egypt and resulting in dramatic economic losses to the livestock industry. During 2018 and 2022, FMD was clinically suspected among previously vaccinated cattle in Beheira and Kafr El-Sheikh provinces, Egypt. FMDV RNA was detected in 18 (45%) out of 40 epithelial tissue samples using real-time RT-PCR based on a pan-FMDV primers set. The 2018 outbreak isolates (n = 8) included the FMDV serotypes A and SAT2, whereas all isolates (n = 10) from the 2022 outbreak belonged to the FMDV serotype A. Four selected isolates, designated FMDV/SAT2/EGY/Beheira/2018, FMDV/A/EGY/Kafr El-Sheikh/2018, FMDV/A/EGY/Kafr El-Sheikh/2022 and FMDV/A/EGY/Behiera/2022, were characterized on the basis of partial VP1 gene sequence analysis. The FMDV/SAT2/EGY/Beheira/2018 strain was clustered within the Lib-12 lineage of the topotype VII and shared 79.2-98.4% nucleotide identity with other Egyptian SAT2 strains available in Genbank database. On the other hand, the three FMDV serotype A sequences shared 74.4-99.1% nucleotide identity with each other. Also, they were phylogenetically classified within two distinct topotypes. The FMDV/A/Egy/Kafr El-Sheikh/2018 strain was grouped within the Asian topotype, meanwhile the FMDV/A/EGY/Kafr El-Sheikh/2022 and FMDV/A/EGY/Behiera/2022 strains were grouped together within the genotype IV of the African topotype. Interestingly, the deduced amino acid sequences of the four strains displayed numerous variations in comparison to the vaccine strains currently used in Egypt. In addition, most of these variations were present in prominent antigenic positions in the VP1 protein. These findings raise a crucial need to validate the protective potential of the vaccine strains against the newly emerging FMDV field strains and to update the vaccination strategy accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Al-Ebshahy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Abees10th, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Ramy E El-Ansary
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, China
| | - Yassien Badr
- Department of Infectious Diseases and epidemics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, 22511 Damanhour, El Beheira, Egypt
| | - Alaa Rady
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Abees10th, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China; Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Yabin Ma
- Hebei Animal Husbandry and Breeding Work Station, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Hebei Animal Husbandry and Breeding Work Station, Shijiazhuang 050061, China.
| | - Emad Elgendy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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Akter S, Rahman MS, Islam MR, Akther M, Anjume H, Marjia M, Rahaman MM, Hossain MA, Sultana M. Development of recombinant proteins for vaccine candidates against serotypes O and A of Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus in Bangladesh. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000713.v4. [PMID: 39045246 PMCID: PMC11261717 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000713.v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Frequent vaccine failure leading to recurrent outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in livestock populations necessitates the development of a customizable vaccine platform comprising potential antigenic determinants of circulating lineages of FMD viruses. Artificially designed, chimaeric protein-based recombinant vaccines are novel approaches to combat the phylogenetically diverse FMD Virus (FMDV) strains. Among seven recognized serotypes, only serotypes O and A are dominantly circulating in Bangladesh and neighbouring countries of Asia, where transboundary transmission, recurrent outbreaks and emergence of novel lineages of FMDV are highly prevalent. The objective of this study was to develop multi-epitope recombinant proteins, procuring immunogenicity against circulating diverse genotypes of FMDV serotypes O and A. Two chimaeric proteins, named B1 (41.0 kDa) and B3 (39.3 kDa), have been designed to incorporate potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes selected from multiple FMDV strains, including previously reported and newly emerged sub-lineages. After expression, characterization and immunization of guinea pigs with a considerable antigen load of B1 and B3 followed by serological assays revealed the significant protective immunogenicity, developed from the higher (100 µg) doses of both antigens, against most of the currently prevalent serotype O and A strains of FMDV. The efficient expression, antigenic stability, and multivalent immunogenic potency of the chimaeric proteins strongly indicate their credibility as novel vaccine candidates for existing serotypes O and A of FMDV in Bangladesh and surrounding territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Akter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - M. Shaminur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Sciences and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - M. Rafiul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Masuda Akther
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Humaira Anjume
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Sciences and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Mafruha Marjia
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - M. Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
- Vice-Chancellor, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - Munawar Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
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Chen C, Zhang N, Li M, Guo A, Zheng Y, Humak F, Qian P, Tao P. Recombinant bacteriophage T4 displaying key epitopes of the foot-and-mouth disease virus as a novel nanoparticle vaccine. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128837. [PMID: 38128800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious pathogen that has caused significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Peptide vaccines engineered with the protective epitopes of FMDV have provided a safer alternative for disease prevention than the traditional inactivated vaccines. However, the immunogenicity of the peptide is usually poor and therefore an adjuvant is required. Here, we showed that recombinant T4 phages displaying the B-cell epitope of the FMDV VP1 protein (VP1130-158), without additional adjuvants, induced similar levels of antigen-specific IgG1 but higher levels of IgG2a compared to the peptide vaccine. Incorporation of a CD4+ T cell epitope, either 3A21-35 of FMDV 3A protein or P2830-844 of tetanus toxoid, further enhanced the immunogenicity of VP1-T4 phage nanoparticles. Interestingly, the extrinsic adjuvant cannot enhance the immunogenicity of the nanoparticles, indicating the intrinsic adjuvant activities of T4 phage. Furthermore, the recombinant T4 phage can be produced on a large scale within a short period of time at a relatively low-cost using Escherichia coli, heralding its potential in the development of a safe and effective FMDV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mengling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Aili Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yifei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Farwa Humak
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Lab, Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Pan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Shin SH, Hwang SY, Kim HM, Shin SH, Ko MK, Lee MJ, Kim SM, Park JH. Evaluation of a Vaccine Candidate Designed for Broad-Spectrum Protection against Type A Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Asia. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:64. [PMID: 38250877 PMCID: PMC10819240 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines are currently the most powerful protective and preventive measures used to control FMD. In this study, the chimeric vaccine strain containing antigenic epitopes from the FMD virus serotype A, which belongs to the ASIA topotype, was produced and evaluated. The chimeric vaccine strains contain sea-97/G1 (VP4, VP2, VP3) and A22 Iraq (VP1) or G-VII (VP1) for use in FMD vaccines in Asia. The 50% protective dose was determined in mice. Vaccinated mice were challenged with three different type A viruses (Sea-97/G1, Sea-97/G2, G-VII clade) seven days post-vaccination (dpv), and mice that received the vaccine candidates were protected against the three viruses. The protective capability of one of the vaccine candidates was evaluated in pigs. Vaccinated pigs were challenged with three different type A viruses (Sea-97/G1, Sea-97/G2, G-VII clade) at 28 dpv, and pigs that received the vaccine candidate were protected against the three viruses. The results showed that this vaccine candidate, which was designed to provide protection against FMD in Asia, efficiently protected pigs against virus challenge and thus has potential as a broad-spectrum vaccine for various epidemic FMD viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Shin
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.); (S.Y.H.); (H.-M.K.); (M.-K.K.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Seong Yun Hwang
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.); (S.Y.H.); (H.-M.K.); (M.-K.K.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Hyun-Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.); (S.Y.H.); (H.-M.K.); (M.-K.K.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Se Hee Shin
- VAXDIGM, Room 335, 3rd Floor, 11, Bongeunsa-ro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 060097, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.); (S.Y.H.); (H.-M.K.); (M.-K.K.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.); (S.Y.H.); (H.-M.K.); (M.-K.K.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.); (S.Y.H.); (H.-M.K.); (M.-K.K.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.); (S.Y.H.); (H.-M.K.); (M.-K.K.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
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Abd-Halin FN, Zakaria Z, Ismail S, Othman S. Characterisation of capsid polypeptide P1 and capsid protein VP1 of the Malaysia foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O and A isolates. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023:26-38. [DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the cause of foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in livestock worldwide, which affects domestic and international trade, resulting in significant economic losses and social consequences. For efficient monitoring and prevention of FMD outbreaks, the need for improved strategies to control FMDV and achieve FMD-free status with various control measures including vaccination can be established. In vaccinology, major advances and discoveries in vaccination variations including DNA and protein subunit vaccines proved to be more economical and sustainable. To develop a safe vaccine for animals, possible antigenic genes or antigens need to be identified and characterised. The FMDV is a single-stranded RNA virus consisting of a capsid precursor polypeptide, P1, which encodes for four structural proteins (VP4-1), leading to antigenic variation and VP1 potentially carrying the key epitope for vaccine development. This study aims to identify and characterise the capsid polypeptide, P1 and capsid protein, VP1 of the Malaysian FMDV serotype O and serotype A isolates. The nucleotide and protein sequences were identified based on the FMD outbreaks in Malaysia and the antigenicity of the P1 and VP1 was predicted by Kolaskar and Tongaonkar's semi-empirical method. Subsequently, the P1 and VP1 genes were inserted into pET-28a, respectively, and used for protein expression analysis. The P1 and VP1 were predicted to be antigenic via in silico analysis and successfully expressed and characterised through in vitro analysis. Hence, this study can be exploited as a tool to design a new novel vaccine for vaccine development against FMD in bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Najwa Abd-Halin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zunita Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saila Ismail
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Othman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Li P, Huang S, Zha J, Sun P, Li D, Bao H, Cao Y, Bai X, Fu Y, Ma X, Li K, Yuan H, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Wang J, Zhang K, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Qi S, Liu Z, Lu Z. Evaluation of immunogenicity and cross-reactive responses of vaccines prepared from two chimeric serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses in pigs and cattle. Vet Res 2022; 53:56. [PMID: 35804412 PMCID: PMC9270804 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains a very serious barrier to agricultural development and the international trade of animals and animal products. Recently, serotype O has been the most prevalent FMDV serotype in China, and it has evolved into four different lineages: O/SEA/Mya-98, O/ME-SA/PanAsia, O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 and O/Cathay. PanAsia-2, belonging to the O/ME-SA topotype, is prevalent in neighbouring countries and poses the risk of cross-border spread in China. This study aimed to develop a promising vaccine candidate strain that can not only provide the best protection against all serotype O FMDVs circulating in China but also be used as an emergency vaccine for the prevention and control of transboundary incursion of PanAsia-2. Here, two chimeric FMDVs (rHN/TURVP1 and rHN/NXVP1) featuring substitution of VP1 genes of the O/TUR/5/2009 vaccine strain (PanAsia-2) and O/NXYCh/CHA/2018 epidemic strain (Mya98) were constructed and evaluated. The biological properties of the two chimeric FMDVs were similar to those of the wild-type (wt) virus despite slight differences in plaque sizes observed in BHK-21 cells. The structural protein-specific antibody titres induced by the rHN/TURVP1 and wt virus vaccines in pigs and cows were higher than those induced by the rHN/NXVP1 vaccine at 28–56 dpv. The vaccines prepared from the two chimeric viruses and wt virus all induced the production of protective cross-neutralizing antibodies against the viruses of the Mya-98, PanAsia and Ind-2001 lineages in pigs and cattle at 28 dpv; however, only the animals vaccinated with the rHN/TURVP1 vaccine produced a protective immune response to the field isolate of the Cathay lineage at 28 dpv, whereas the animals receiving the wt virus and the rHN/NXVP1 vaccines did not, although the wt virus and O/GXCX/CHA/2018 both belong to the Cathay topotype. This study will provide very useful information to help develop a potential vaccine candidate for the prevention and control of serotype O FMD in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shulun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huifang Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yimei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhixun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuyun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zaixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
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Grosche VR, Santos IA, Ferreira GM, Dutra JVR, Costa LC, Nicolau-Junior N, Queiroz ATL, José DP, Jardim ACG. Insights on the SARS-CoV-2 genome variability: the lesson learned in Brazil and its impacts on the future of pandemics. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000656. [PMID: 34730486 PMCID: PMC8743548 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 spread in Brazil, few studies have been published analysing the variability of viral genome. Herein, we described the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in Brazil from May to September 2020, to better understand viral changes that may affect the ongoing pandemic. Our data demonstrate that some of the mutations identified are currently observed in variants of interest and variants of concern, and emphasize the importance of studying previous periods in order to comprehend the emergence of new variants. From 720 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences, we found few sites under positive selection pressure, such as the D614G (98.5 %) in the spike, that has replaced the old variant; the V1167F in the spike (41 %), identified in the P.2 variant that emerged from Brazil during the period of analysis; and I292T (39 %) in the N protein. There were a few alterations in the UTRs, which was expected, however, our data suggest that the emergence of new variants was not influenced by mutations in UTR regions, since it maintained its conformational structure in most analysed sequences. In phylogenetic analysis, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from the large urban centres to the countryside during these months could be explained by the flexibilization of social isolation measures and also could be associated with possible new waves of infection. These results allow a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 strains that have circulated in Brazil, and thus, with relevant infomation, provide the potential viral changes that may have affected and/or contributed to the current and future scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Riquena Grosche
- São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Larissa Catharina Costa
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Artur Trancoso Lopo Queiroz
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego Pandeló José
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Campus Universitário Iturama, Iturama, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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8
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Chimeric VLPs Based on HIV-1 Gag and a Fusion Rabies Glycoprotein Induce Specific Antibodies against Rabies and Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030251. [PMID: 33809060 PMCID: PMC7999769 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease is a livestock acute disease, causing economic losses in affected areas. Currently, control of this disease is performed by mandatory vaccination campaigns using inactivated viral vaccines. In this work, we describe the development of a chimeric VLP-based vaccine candidate for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), based on the co-expression of the HIV-1 Gag protein and a novel fusion rabies glycoprotein (RVG), which carries in its N-term the FMDV main antigen: the G-H loop. It is demonstrated by confocal microscopy that both Gag-GFP polyprotein and the G-H loop colocalize at the cell membrane and, that the Gag polyprotein of the HIV virus acts as a scaffold for enveloped VLPs that during the budding process acquires the proteins that are being expressed in the cell membrane. The obtained VLPs were spherical particles of 130 ± 40 nm in diameter (analyzed by TEM, Cryo-TEM and NTA) carrying an envelope membrane that efficiently display the GH-RVG on its surface (analyzed by gold immunolabeling). Immunostainings with a FMDV hyperimmune serum showed that the heterologous antigenic site, genetically fused to RVG, is recognized by specific G-H loop antibodies. Additionally, the cVLPs produced expose the G-H loop to the liquid surrounding (analyzed by specific ELISA). Finally, we confirmed that these FMD cVLPs are able to induce a specific humoral immune response, based on antibodies directed to the G-H loop in experimental animals.
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9
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de León P, Cañas-Arranz R, Defaus S, Torres E, Forner M, Bustos MJ, Revilla C, Dominguez J, Andreu D, Blanco E, Sobrino F. Swine T-Cells and Specific Antibodies Evoked by Peptide Dendrimers Displaying Different FMDV T-Cell Epitopes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:621537. [PMID: 33613553 PMCID: PMC7886804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.621537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimeric peptide constructs based on a lysine core that comprises both B- and T-cell epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have proven a successful strategy for the development of FMD vaccines. Specifically, B2T dendrimers displaying two copies of the major type O FMDV antigenic B-cell epitope located on the virus capsid [VP1 (140–158)], covalently linked to a heterotypic T-cell epitope from either non-structural protein 3A [3A (21–35)] or 3D [3D (56–70)], named B2T-3A and B2T-3D, respectively, elicit high levels of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and IFN-γ-producing cells in pigs. To assess whether the inclusion and orientation of T-3A and T-3D T-cell epitopes in a single molecule could modulate immunogenicity, dendrimers with T epitopes juxtaposed in both possible orientations, i.e., constructs B2TT-3A3D and B2TT-3D3A, were made and tested in pigs. Both dendrimers elicited high nAbs titers that broadly neutralized type O FMDVs, although B2TT-3D3A did not respond to boosting, and induced lower IgGs titers, in particular IgG2, than B2TT-3A3D. Pigs immunized with B2, a control dendrimer displaying two B-cell epitope copies and no T-cell epitope, gave no nABs, confirming T-3A and T-3D as T helper epitopes. The T-3D peptide was found to be an immunodominant, as it produced more IFN-γ expressing cells than T-3A in the in vitro recall assay. Besides, in pigs immunized with the different dendrimeric peptides, CD4+ T-cells were the major subset contributing to IFN-γ expression upon in vitro recall, and depletion of CD4+ cells from PBMCs abolished the production of this cytokine. Most CD4+IFN-γ+ cells showed a memory (CD4+2E3−) and a multifunctional phenotype, as they expressed both IFN-γ and TNF-α, suggesting that the peptides induced a potent Th1 pro-inflammatory response. Furthermore, not only the presence, but also the orientation of T-cell epitopes influenced the T-cell response, as B2TT-3D3A and B2 groups had fewer cells expressing both cytokines. These results help understand how B2T-type dendrimers triggers T-cell populations, highlighting their potential as next-generation FMD vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de León
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Forner
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Bustos
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Revilla
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Dominguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Ekanayaka P, Lee SY, Herath TUB, Kim JH, Kim TH, Lee H, Chathuranga K, Chathuranga WAG, Park JH, Lee JS. Foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 target the MAVS to inhibit type-I interferon signaling and VP1 E83K mutation results in virus attenuation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009057. [PMID: 33232374 PMCID: PMC7723281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
VP1, a pivotal capsid protein encoded by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), plays an important role in receptor-mediated attachment and humoral immune responses. Previous studies show that amino acid changes in the VP1 protein of cell culture-adapted strains of FMDV alter the properties of the virus. In addition, FMDV VP1 modulates host IFN signal transduction. Here, we examined the ability of cell culture-adapted FMDV VP1(83K) and wild-type FMDV VP1(83E) to evade host immunity by blocking mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)/TNF Receptor Associated Factor 3 (TRAF3) mediated cellular innate responses. Wild-type FMDV VP1(83E) interacted specifically with C-terminal TRAF3-binding site within MAVS and this interaction inhibited binding of TRAF3 to MAVS, thereby suppressing interferon-mediated responses. This was not observed for cell culture-adapted FMDV VP1(83K). Finally, chimeric FMDV harboring VP1(83K) showed very low pathogenicity in pigs. Collectively, these data highlight a critical role of VP1 with respect to suppression of type-I IFN pathway and attenuation of FMDV by the E83K mutation in VP1. Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, causes huge economic losses. To generate a FMD vaccine, cell culture-adapted strains of FMDV that show improved growth properties and allow repeated passage are needed. Generally, adaptation of field-isolated FMDV is accompanied by changes in viral properties, including amino acid mutations. A VP1 E83K mutation in cell culture-adapted FMDV was identified previously; here, we examined the impact of VP1 E83K on virus pathogenicity and type-I IFN pathway. Cell culture-adapted FMDV O1 Manisa, and highly virulent strain of O/Andong/SKR/2010, acquired the E83K mutation in the VP1 protein, which attenuated the virus via disposing VP1 mediate negative regulation ability of host cellular IFN responses. The data suggest a rational approach to viral propagation in cell culture and virus attenuation, which could be utilized for future development of FMDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum Ekanayaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.,FVC, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thilina U B Herath
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - W A Gayan Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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11
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Meta-analysis of Genetic Diversity of the VP1 Gene Among the Circulating O, A, and SAT2 Serotypes and Vaccine Strains of FMD Virus in Egypt. J Vet Res 2020; 64:487-493. [PMID: 33367136 PMCID: PMC7734679 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Three strains of the FMD virus (A, O, and SAT 2) were recognised as causes of the FMD circulating in Egypt. The aims of this study were to trace the FMDV isolates from outbreaks in Egypt to understand their epidemiology and evolution and to understand the situation of the vaccine strains compared with the circulating serotypes. Material and Methods A meta-analysis was carried out by using the data available for FMD outbreaks in Egypt from GenBank and the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD); a comparison was done with both data sets for the three serotypes. MEGA-X was used for the evolution analysis, through constructions of phylogenetic trees for all sequences recorded in GenBank for each serotype in different Egyptian outbreaks in different years and also within the same year. Additionally, nucleotide substitution rate, molecular clock, and mean evolutionary rates were estimated for the three serotypes to understand and compare their evolution. Results Absence of some records of certain serotype outbreaks from the WRLFMD database was noted as were subsequent missing appropriate vaccine programmes. Genetic variation was recorded among the virus isolates within the same years and also the vaccine strain was associated with up to 26 amino acid substitutions. The evolution rate of the SAT2 strain was the highest of the circulating strains. SAT2 had high amino acid substitution per year at an important immunogenic site (130–170), serotype A had less, and serotype O the least. Conclusion The need for different strategies for vaccine serotype selection is indicated.
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12
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Peng J, Yi J, Yang W, Ren J, Wen Y, Zheng H, Li D. Advances in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Proteins Regulating Host Innate Immunity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2046. [PMID: 33162944 PMCID: PMC7581685 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals such as pigs, cattle, and sheep. The disease is caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) which has a non-enveloped virion with icosahedral symmetry that encapsulates a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of ∼8.4 kb. FMDV infection causes obvious immunosuppressive effects on the host. In recent years, studies on the immunosuppressive mechanism of FMDV have become a popular topic. In addition, studies have shown that many FMDV proteins are involved in the regulation of host innate immunity and have revealed mechanisms by which FMDV proteins mediate host innate immunity. In this review, advances in studies on the mechanisms of interaction between FMDV proteins and host innate immunity are summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of FMDV pathogenesis and the theoretical basis for FMD prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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13
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Wu P, Yin X, Liu Q, Wu W, Chen C. Recombinant T7 Phage with FMDV AKT-III Strain VP1 Protein is a Potential FMDV Vaccine. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 43:35-41. [PMID: 32989662 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The capsid protein (VP1) of the foot-and-mouth (FMD) AKT-III strain was expressed on the surface of the T7 phage capsid (AKT-T7 strain) and the potential of AKT-T7 strain as an FMD vaccine was evaluated. RESULTS The AKT-T7 strain was successfully constructed and was not cytotoxic to BHK-21, MDBK, or sheep kidney cells. The AKT-T7 strain was well phagocytosed by mouse macrophages. Immunization of BALB/c mice revealed that animals were quickly induced and produced high levels of FMDV antibodies. Monitoring data indicated that FMDV antibody levels could be maintained at higher levels for longer periods of time. The AKT-T7 strain induced high levels of IFN-γ levels in mice with little effect on IL-4. CONCLUSIONS The AKT-T7 induced the mice to produce FMDV antibodies, which has the advantage of phage and FMDV, and is a potential candidate for an FMD vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xinyue Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Wenxing Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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14
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Islam MR, Rahman MS, Amin MA, Alam ASMRU, Siddique MA, Sultana M, Hossain MA. Evidence of combined effect of amino acid substitutions within G-H and B-C loops of VP1 conferring serological heterogeneity in foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:375-384. [PMID: 32543041 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A exhibits a higher degree of genetic and antigenic diversity resulting in frequent vaccine failure due to serological mismatch between the vaccine and heterologous strains. Currently, knowledge on the molecular basis of antigenic relationships among the FMDVs is limited; nevertheless, intratype antigenic variation due to mutation(s) is widely considered as the main hurdle to appropriate FMD vaccine development. Here, we studied genetic and antigenic variations of four FMDV serotype A isolates, BAN/GA/Sa-197/2013 (BAN-197), BAN/CH/Sa-304/2016 (BAN-304), BAN/DH/Sa-307/2016 (BAN-307) and BAN/DH/Sa-310/2017 (BAN-310) circulating in Bangladesh during 2013-2017. Initially, antigenic relationships (r1 -values) of the field isolates were evaluated by the two-dimensional microneutralization test (2D-MNT) using the hyperimmune antisera raised in cattle against the vaccine strain, BAN-304. Interesingly, the results showed protective serological cross-reactivity (r1 -values > 0.4) between the vaccine strain and the field isolates, BAN-307 and BAN-310, except BAN-197 that substantially mismatched (r1 = 0.129 ± 0.043) with the BAN-304. Although VP1-based phylogeny grouped all the isolates within the same sublineage C (a subgroup of VP3Δ59 variant) under the lineage A/ASIA/G-VII, strikingly, computational analyses of the viral capsid proteins demonstrated significant deviation at the VP1 G-H loop of BAN-197 from the vaccine strain, while VP(2-4) of both isolates were structurally conserved. To bridge the gap of how the distortion of the G-H loop and consequent antigenic hetergeneity occurred in BAN-197, we performed in silico combinatorial substitutions of the VP1 mutant amino acids (aa) of BAN-197 with the respective residues in BAN-304. Remarkably, our analyses revealed that two substitutions of distantly located aa at B-C (T48I:threonine → isoleucine) and G-H (A143V:alanine → valine) loops, in combination, distorted the VP1 G-H loop. Overall, this work contributes to understanding the molecular basis of antigenic relationships operating in serotype A FMDVs and the selection of suitable vaccine strain(s) for effective prophylaxis of FMD based on VP1-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rafiul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Al Amin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Rubayet Ul Alam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Anwar Siddique
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Munawar Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Jashore University of Science and Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh
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15
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Identification of linear B cell epitopes on VP1 and VP2 proteins of Senecavirus A (SVA) using monoclonal antibodies. Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108753. [PMID: 32768207 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), previously called Seneca Valley virus, belongs to the family Picornaviridae, species Senecavirus A, in the Senecavirus genus, and can cause vesicular lesions in sows and acute death in piglets. In this study, recombinant VP1 and VP2 proteins were expressed in prokaryotic expression system and used to generate eight monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against VP1 or VP2 protein. And all of the mAbs reacted specifically with SVA virus by both Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The resurts showed that all of the epitopes aganist these mAbs were B cell linear epitopes. To map the epitopes, both Western blot and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (indirect ELISA) were performed. The epitope 21GELAAP26 recognized by mAb 1G9, was likely to be a significant B cell epitope due to the high antigenic index and the fully exposure on the surface of the VP1. Other mAbs were recognized by VP2 protein. MAbs 1E7 and 8E8 recognized the same epitope at 12DRVITQT18, 1A5 recognized the epitope at 71WTKAVK76, 1G2 recognized the epitope at 98GGAFTA103, 9D2 and 6B11 recognized the same epitope at 150KSLQELN156, and 7E4 recognized the epitope at 248YKEGAT253. Alignment of amino acids revealed that four epitopes were completely conserved among all SVA strains, including 21GELAAP26, 71WTKAVK76, 98GGAFTA103, and 248YKEGAT253. Interestingly, there were some amino acid mutations in 12DRVITQT18 and 150KSLQELN156, but no significant difference was detected on the reaction intensity between epitopes and the corresponding mAbs. This is the first report about the SVA epitopes, which will benefit to the study of viral pathogenic mechanism, vaccine design, as well as the establishment of detection methods.
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16
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Forth LF, Höper D, Beer M, Eschbaumer M. High-Resolution Composition Analysis of an Inactivated Polyvalent Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010063. [PMID: 31963122 PMCID: PMC7168581 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate vaccine selection is crucial in the control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Vaccination can prevent clinical disease and reduces viral shedding, but there is a lack of cross-protection between the seven serotypes and their sublineages, making the selection of an adequately protective vaccine difficult. Since the exact composition of their vaccines is not consistently disclosed by all manufacturers, incompatibility of the strains used for vaccination with regionally circulating strains can cause vaccination campaigns to fail. Here, we present a deep sequencing approach for polyvalent inactivated FMD vaccines that can identify all component strains by their genome sequences. The genomes of all strains of a commercial pentavalent FMD vaccine were de novo assembled and the vaccine composition determined semi-quantitatively. The genome assembly required high stringency parameters to prevent misassemblies caused by conserved regions of the genome shared by related strains. In contrast, reference-guided assembly is only recommended in cases where the number of strains is previously known and appropriate reference sequences are available. The presented approach can be applied not only to any inactivated whole-virus FMD vaccine but also to vaccine quality testing in general and allows for better decision-making for vaccines with an unknown composition.
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17
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Immunobiology, Advances in Vaccines and Vaccination Strategies Addressing Vaccine Failures-An Indian Perspective. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030090. [PMID: 31426368 PMCID: PMC6789522 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mass vaccination campaign in India seeks to control and eventually eradicate foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Biosanitary measures along with FMD monitoring are being conducted along with vaccination. The implementation of the FMD control program has drastically reduced the incidence of FMD. However, cases are still reported, even in regions where vaccination is carried out regularly. Control of FMD outbreaks is difficult when the virus remains in circulation in the vaccinated population. Various FMD risk factors have been identified that are responsible for FMD in vaccinated areas. The factors are discussed along with strategies to address these challenges. The current chemically inactivated trivalent vaccine formulation containing strains of serotype O, A, and Asia 1 has limitations including thermolability and induction of only short-term immunity. Advantages and disadvantages of several new-generation alternate vaccine formulations are discussed. It is unfeasible to study every incidence of FMD in vaccinated animals/areas in such a big country as India with its huge livestock population. However, at the same time, it is absolutely necessary to identify the precise reason for vaccination failure. Failure to vaccinate is one reason for the occurrence of FMD in vaccinated areas. FMD epidemiology, emerging and re-emerging virus strains, and serological status over the past 10 years are discussed to understand the impact of vaccination and incidences of vaccination failure in India. Other factors that are important in vaccination failure that we discuss include disrupted herd immunity, health status of animals, FMD carrier status, and FMD prevalence in other species. Recommendations to boost the search of alternate vaccine formulation, strengthen the veterinary infrastructure, bolster the real-time monitoring of FMD, as well as a detailed investigation and documentation of every case of vaccination failure are provided with the goal of refining the control program.
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