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Garg N, Tellier G, Vale N, Kluge J, Portman JL, Markowska A, Tussey L. Phase 1, randomized, rater and participant blinded placebo-controlled study of the safety, reactogenicity, tolerability and immunogenicity of H1N1 influenza vaccine delivered by VX-103 (a MIMIX microneedle patch [MAP] system) in healthy adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303450. [PMID: 38843267 PMCID: PMC11156369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MIMIX platform is a novel microneedle array patch (MAP) characterized by slowly dissolving microneedle tips that deploy into the dermis following patch application. We describe safety, reactogenicity, tolerability and immunogenicity for MIMIX MAP vaccination against influenza. METHODOLOGY The trial was a Phase 1, exploratory, first-in-human, parallel randomized, rater, participant, study analyst-blinded, placebo-controlled study in Canada. Forty-five healthy participants (18 to 39 years of age, inclusive) were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either 15 μg or 7.5 μg of an H1N1 influenza vaccine, or placebo delivered via MIMIX MAP to the volar forearm. A statistician used a computer program to create a randomization scheme with a block size of 3. Post-treatment follow-up was approximately 180 days. Primary safety outcomes included the incidence of study product related serious adverse events and unsolicited events within 180 days, solicited application site and systemic reactogenicity through 7 days after administration and solicited application site erythema and/or pigmentation 14, 28, 56 and 180 days after administration. Immunogenicity outcomes included antibody titers and percentage of seroconversion (SCR) and seroprotection (SPR) rates determined by the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Exploratory outcomes included virus microneutralization (MN) titers, durability and breadth of the immune response. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT06125717. FINDINGS Between July 7, 2022 and March 13, 2023 45 participants were randomized to a treatment group. One participant was lost to follow up in the 15 μg group and 1 participant withdrew from the 7.5 μg dose group. Safety analyses included n = 15 per group, immunogenicity analyses included n = 14 for the 15 μg and 7.5 μg treatment groups and n = 15 for the placebo group. No SAEs were reported in any of the treatment groups. All treatment groups reported solicited local events within 7 days after vaccination, with mild (Grade 1) erythema being the most frequent symptom reported. Other local symptoms reported included mostly mild (Grade 1) induration/swelling, itching, pigmentation, skin flaking, and tenderness. Within 7 days after vaccination, 2 participants (4.4%) reported moderate (Grade 2) erythema, 1 participant (2.2%) reported moderate (Grade 2) induration/swelling, and 1 participant (2.2%) reported moderate (Grade 2) itching. There was an overall reduction in erythema and pigmentation reported on Days 15, 29, 57, and 180 among all treatment groups. Systemic symptoms reported within 7 days after vaccination, included mild (Grade 1) fatigue reported among all treatment groups, and mild (Grade 1) headache reported by 1 participant in the 7.5 μg treatment group. No study drug related severe symptoms were reported in the study. Group mean fold rises in HAI titers ranged between 8.7 and 12-fold, SCRs were >76% and SPRs were >92% for both VX-103 dose groups thereby fulfilling serological criteria established by the EMA and FDA for seasonal influenza vaccines. Longitudinal assessments demonstrate persistence of the immune response through at least Day 180. CONCLUSIONS The MIMIX MAP platform is safe, well tolerated and elicits robust antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Garg
- Centricity Research-Montreal, Point-Claire, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy Tellier
- Centricity Research-Mirabel, Mirabel, Québec, Canada
| | - Noah Vale
- Centricity Research-Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jon Kluge
- Research and Development, Vaxess Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Portman
- Research and Development, Vaxess Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna Markowska
- Research and Development, Vaxess Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lynda Tussey
- Development and MAP Production, Vaxess Technologies, Woburn, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Babu MR, Vishwas S, Khursheed R, Harish V, Sravani AB, Khan F, Alotaibi B, Binshaya A, Disouza J, Kumbhar PS, Patravale V, Gupta G, Loebenberg R, Arshad MF, Patel A, Patel S, Dua K, Singh SK. Unravelling the role of microneedles in drug delivery: Principle, perspectives, and practices. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1393-1431. [PMID: 38036849 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent year, the research of transdermal drug delivery systems has got substantial attention towards the development of microneedles (MNs). This shift has occurred due to multifaceted advantages of MNs as they can be utilized to deliver the drug deeper to the skin with minimal invasion, offer successful delivery of drugs and biomolecules that are susceptible to degradation in gastrointestinal tract (GIT), act as biosensors, and help in monitoring the level of biomarkers in the body. These can be fabricated into different types based on their applications as well as material for fabrication. Some of their types include solid MNs, hollow MNs, coated MNs, hydrogel forming MNs, and dissolving MNs. These MNs deliver the therapeutics via microchannels deeper into the skin. The coated and hollow MNs have been found successful. However, they suffer from poor drug loading and blocking of pores. In contrast, dissolving MNs offer high drug loading. These MNs have also been utilized to deliver vaccines and biologicals. They have also been used in cosmetics. The current review covers the different types of MNs, materials used in their fabrication, properties of MNs, and various case studies related to their role in delivering therapeutics, monitoring level of biomarkers/hormones in body such as insulin. Various patents and clinical trials related to MNs are also covered. Covered are the major bottlenecks associated with their clinical translation and potential future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molakpogu Ravindra Babu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Vancha Harish
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Anne Boyina Sravani
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Farhan Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al- Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al- Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim Binshaya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Disouza
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala , Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Popat S Kumbhar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala , Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura , 30201, Jaipur, India
| | - Raimar Loebenberg
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton , AB T6G2N8, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammed Faiz Arshad
- Department of Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, New Delhi, 110044, India
| | - Archita Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, At & Post: Changa, Tal.:- Petlad, Dist.:- Anand-388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Samir Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, At & Post: Changa, Tal.:- Petlad, Dist.:- Anand-388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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3
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Edwards C, Shah SA, Gebhardt T, Jewell CM. Exploiting Unique Features of Microneedles to Modulate Immunity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302410. [PMID: 37380199 PMCID: PMC10753036 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle arrays (MNAs) are small patches containing hundreds of short projections that deliver signals directly to dermal layers without causing pain. These technologies are of special interest for immunotherapy and vaccine delivery because they directly target immune cells concentrated in the skin. The targeting abilities of MNAs result in efficient immune responses-often more protective or therapeutic-compared to conventional needle delivery. MNAs also offer logistical benefits, such as self-administration and transportation without refrigeration. Thus, numerous preclinical and clinical studies are exploring these technologies. Here the unique advantages of MNA, as well as critical challenges-such as manufacturing and sterility issues-the field faces to enable widespread deployment are discussed. How MNA design parameters can be exploited for controlled release of vaccines and immunotherapies, and the application to preclinical models of infection, cancer, autoimmunity, and allergies are explained. Specific strategies are also discussed to reduce off-target effects compared to conventional vaccine delivery routes, and novel chemical and manufacturing controls that enable cargo stability in MNAs across flexible intervals and temperatures. Clinical research using MNAs is then examined. Drawbacks of MNAs and the implications, and emerging opportunities to exploit MNAs for immune engineering and clinical use are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Edwards
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shrey A Shah
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya M, Lee SS. Current Status of Microneedle Array Technology for Therapeutic Delivery: From Bench to Clinic. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00961-2. [PMID: 37987985 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microneedle (MN) patches have emerged as an alternative technology for transdermal delivery of various drugs, therapeutics proteins, and vaccines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the status of MN-based therapeutics. The article aims to illustrate the current status of microneedle array technology for therapeutic delivery through a comprehensive review. However, the PubMed search was performed to understand the MN's therapeutics delivery status. At the same time, the search shows the number no of publications on MN is increasing (63). The search was performed with the keywords "Coated microneedle," "Hollow microneedle," "Dissolvable microneedle," and "Hydrogel microneedle," which also shows increasing trend. Similarly, the article highlighted the application of different microneedle arrays for treating different diseases. The article also illustrated the current status of different phases of MN-based therapeutics clinical trials. It discusses the delivery of different therapeutic molecules, such as drug molecule delivery, using microneedle array technology. The approach mainly discusses the delivery of different therapeutic molecules. The leading pharmaceutical companies that produce the microneedle array for therapeutic purposes have also been discussed. Finally, we discussed the limitations and future prospects of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India.
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha, 756020, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
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Dahri M, Beheshtizadeh N, Seyedpour N, Nakhostin-Ansari A, Aghajani F, Seyedpour S, Masjedi M, Farjadian F, Maleki R, Adibkia K. Biomaterial-based delivery platforms for transdermal immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115048. [PMID: 37385212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, immunotherapy is one of the most essential treatments for various diseases and a broad spectrum of disorders are assumed to be treated by altering the function of the immune system. For this reason, immunotherapy has attracted a great deal of attention and numerous studies on different approaches for immunotherapies have been investigated, using multiple biomaterials and carriers, from nanoparticles (NPs) to microneedles (MNs). In this review, the immunotherapy strategies, biomaterials, devices, and diseases supposed to be treated by immunotherapeutic strategies are reviewed. Several transdermal therapeutic methods, including semisolids, skin patches, chemical, and physical skin penetration enhancers, are discussed. MNs are the most frequent devices implemented in transdermal immunotherapy of cancers (e.g., melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cervical, and breast cancer), infectious (e.g., COVID-19), allergic and autoimmune disorders (e.g., Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and Pollinosis). The biomaterials used in transdermal immunotherapy vary in shape, size, and sensitivity to external stimuli (e.g., magnetic field, photo, redox, pH, thermal, and even multi-stimuli-responsive) were reported. Correspondingly, vesicle-based NPs, including niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, microemulsions, transfersomes, and exosomes, are also discussed. In addition, transdermal immunotherapy using vaccines has been reviewed for Ebola, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Hepatitis B virus, Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and Tetanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dahri
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Computational Biology and Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Seyedpour
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Nakhostin-Ansari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Aghajani
- Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Seyedpour
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Masjedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Sciences and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box 33535111 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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6
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Ellison TJ, Talbott GC, Henderson DR. Intradermal delivery of a quadrivalent cell-based seasonal influenza vaccine using an adjuvanted skin patch vaccination platform. Vaccine 2023; 41:304-314. [PMID: 36587961 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
All seasonal influenza vaccines for 2021-2022 in the US were quadrivalent and the market continues to be dominated by intramuscular delivery of non-adjuvanted, virion-derived antigens grown in chicken eggs. Up to four new egg-adapted production influenza vaccine strains must be generated each year. The introduction in 2012 of Flucelvax®, which is grown in mammalian suspension cell culture and uses vaccine production strains without adaptive mutations for efficient growth in eggs, represented a major advance in vaccine production technology. Here we demonstrate that Flucelvax can be reformulated and combined with a liposomal adjuvant containing QS-21 (Verndari Adjuvant System 1.1, VAS1.1) or QS-21 and 3D-PHAD (VAS1.2) for intradermal administration using a painless skin patch, VaxiPatch™. VAS1.2 is similar to AS01B, the adjuvant system used in Shingrix® and Mosquirix™. We show that Flucelvax, when reformulated and concentrated using tangential flow filtration (TFF), maintains hemagglutination and single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) potency. Loading the reformulated Flucelvax material onto VaxiPatch arrays conferred high levels of resistance to heat stress and room temperature stability. TFF enriched vaccine antigens were combined with VAS1.1 or VAS1.2 and dispensed in 10nL drops into the pockets of 36 (total 360 nL) stainless steel microneedles arranged in a microarray 1.2 cm in diameter. Using VaxiPatch delivery of 2 µg of antigen, we demonstrated intramusuclar-comparable IgG and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) immune responses in Sprague Dawley® rats. With addition of VAS1.2, antigen-specific IgG titers were increased as much as 68-fold (47-fold for VAS1.1) with improvements in seroconversion for three of four strains (all four were improved by VAS1.1). TFF-reformulated antigens combined with VAS1.1 or VAS1.2 and delivered by VaxiPatch showed only minor skin reactogenicity after 1 h and no skin reactogenicity after 24 h. These data indicate that VaxiPatch and the VAS system have the potential to be transformative for vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Ellison
- Verndari Inc., 2700 Stockton Blvd., Suite 1104, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
| | - George C Talbott
- Verndari Inc., 2700 Stockton Blvd., Suite 1104, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
| | - Daniel R Henderson
- Verndari Inc., 2700 Stockton Blvd., Suite 1104, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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7
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Pawar K. Recent Updates in Vaccine Delivery through Microneedles. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:1-4. [PMID: 36721802 PMCID: PMC9871281 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent coronavirus pandemic and its global socio-economic impact has re-emphasized the need for safe, fast, and efficient delivery of vaccines for humankind. With advent of technological advances, and to improve patient acquiescence, several techniques for fast, effective, and safe delivery of vaccines have been researched and published in the literature in last three decades. These delivery enhancement techniques include but are not limited to electroporation, microneedles (MN), ultrasound, iontophoresis, etc. This review aims at discussing the current research undergoing in vaccine delivery, specifically focusing on microneedles assisted, the historical background of microneedles and their introduction to drug delivery area, and a special focus on formulation challenges and stability in these systems. The review also sheds light on regulatory challenges one must keep in mind for bringing a successful microneedles-based vaccine delivery into market as well as a snapshot of current commercially available microneedles-based products in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.
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Kaur A, Baldwin J, Brar D, Salunke DB, Petrovsky N. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists as a driving force behind next-generation vaccine adjuvants and cancer therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 70:102172. [PMID: 35785601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, the development of new human adjuvants was held back by a poor understanding of their mechanisms of action. The field was revolutionized by the discovery of the toll-like receptors (TLRs), innate immune receptors that directly or indirectly are responsible for detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and respond to them by activating innate and adaptive immune pathways. Hundreds of ligands targeting various TLRs have since been identified and characterized as vaccine adjuvants. This work has important implications not only for the development of vaccines against infectious diseases but also for immuno-therapies against cancer, allergy, Alzheimer's disease, drug addiction and other diseases. Each TLR has its own specific tissue localization and downstream gene signalling pathways, providing researchers the opportunity to precisely tailor adjuvants with specific immune effects. TLR agonists can be combined with other TLR or alternative adjuvants to create combination adjuvants with synergistic or modulatory effects. This review provides an introduction to the various classes of TLR adjuvants and their respective signalling pathways. It provides an overview of recent advancements in the TLR field in the past 2-3 years and discusses criteria for selecting specific TLR adjuvants based on considerations, such as disease mechanisms and correlates of protection, TLR immune biasing capabilities, route of administration, antigen compatibility, new vaccine technology platforms, and age- and species-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccines, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Deshkanwar Brar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccines, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccines, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
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Hassan J, Haigh C, Ahmed T, Uddin MJ, Das DB. Potential of Microneedle Systems for COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Trends and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1066. [PMID: 35631652 PMCID: PMC9144974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and aid restoration to prepandemic normality, global mass vaccination is urgently needed. Inducing herd immunity through mass vaccination has proven to be a highly effective strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, which protects the most vulnerable population groups that are unable to develop immunity, such as people with immunodeficiencies or weakened immune systems due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. In achieving global outreach, the maintenance of the vaccine potency, transportation, and needle waste generation become major issues. Moreover, needle phobia and vaccine hesitancy act as hurdles to successful mass vaccination. The use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination could act as a major paradigm shift in attaining the desired goal to vaccinate billions in the shortest time possible. In addressing these points, we discuss the potential of the use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Hassan
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Charlotte Haigh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Md Jasim Uddin
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen TTD, Tran NMA, Nguyen HT, Vo GV. Microneedles enable the development of skin-targeted vaccines against coronaviruses and influenza viruses. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 27:83-94. [PMID: 34802372 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.2008967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, many have seriously worried that the plus burden of seasonal influenza that might create a destructive scenario, resulting in overwhelmed healthcare capacities and onwards loss of life. Many efforts to develop a safe and efficacious vaccine to prevent infection by coronavirus and influenza, highlight the importance of vaccination to combat infectious pathogens. While vaccines are traditionally given as injections into the muscle, microneedle (MN) patches designed to precisely deliver cargos into the cutaneous microenvironment, rich in immune cells, provide a noninvasive and self-applicable vaccination approach, reducing overall costs and improving access to vaccines in places with limited supply. The current review aimed to highlight advances in research on the development of MNs-mediated cutaneous vaccine delivery. Concluding remarks and challenges on MNs-based skin immunization are also provided to contribute to the rational development of safe and effective MN-delivered vaccines against these emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thuy Dung Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen-Minh-An Tran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huy Truong Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Manikkath J, Subramony JA. Toward closed-loop drug delivery: Integrating wearable technologies with transdermal drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113997. [PMID: 34634396 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent advancement and prevalence of wearable technologies and their ability to make digital measurements of vital signs and wellness parameters have triggered a new paradigm in the management of diseases. Drug delivery as a function of stimuli or response from wearable, closed-loop systems can offer real-time on-demand or preprogrammed drug delivery capability and offer total management of disease states. Here we review the key opportunities in this space for development of closed-loop systems, given the advent of digital wearable technologies. Particular considerations and focus are given to closed-loop systems combined with transdermal drug delivery technologies.
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Trincado V, Gala RP, Morales JO. Buccal and Sublingual Vaccines: A Review on Oral Mucosal Immunization and Delivery Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101177. [PMID: 34696284 PMCID: PMC8539688 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, most vaccines available on the market are for parental use; however, this may not be the best option on several occasions. Mucosal routes of administration such as intranasal, sublingual, and buccal generate great interest due to the benefits they offer. These range from increasing patient compliance to inducing a more effective immune response than that achieved through conventional routes. Due to the activation of the common mucosal immune system, it is possible to generate an effective systemic and local immune response, which is not achieved through parenteral administration. Protection against pathogens that use mucosal entry routes is provided by an effective induction of mucosal immunity. Mucosal delivery systems are being developed, such as films and microneedles, which have proven to be effective, safe, and easy to administer. These systems have multiple advantages over commonly used injections, which are simple to manufacture, stable at room temperature, painless for the patient since they do not require puncture. Therefore, these delivery systems do not require to be administered by medical personnel; in fact, they could be self-administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Trincado
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Rikhav P. Gala
- Biotechnology Division, Center Mid-Atlantic, Fraunhofer USA, Newark, DE 19702, USA;
| | - Javier O. Morales
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Qi Y, Fox CB. Development of thermostable vaccine adjuvants. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:497-517. [PMID: 33724133 PMCID: PMC8292183 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1902314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of vaccine thermostability has been discussed in the literature. Nevertheless, the challenge of developing thermostable vaccine adjuvants has sometimes not received appropriate emphasis. Adjuvants comprise an expansive range of particulate and molecular compositions, requiring innovative thermostable formulation and process development approaches. AREAS COVERED Reports on efforts to develop thermostable adjuvant-containing vaccines have increased in recent years, and substantial progress has been made in enhancing the stability of the major classes of adjuvants. This narrative review summarizes the current status of thermostable vaccine adjuvant development and looks forward to the next potential developments in the field. EXPERT OPINION As adjuvant-containing vaccines become more widely used, the unique challenges associated with developing thermostable adjuvant formulations merit increased attention. In particular, more focused efforts are needed to translate promising proof-of-concept technologies and formulations into clinical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Qi
- Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), 1616 Eastlake
Ave E, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher B. Fox
- Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), 1616 Eastlake
Ave E, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
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Menon I, Bagwe P, Gomes KB, Bajaj L, Gala R, Uddin MN, D’Souza MJ, Zughaier SM. Microneedles: A New Generation Vaccine Delivery System. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:435. [PMID: 33919925 PMCID: PMC8070939 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal vaccination route using biodegradable microneedles is a rapidly progressing field of research and applications. The fear of painful needles is one of the primary reasons most people avoid getting vaccinated. Therefore, developing an alternative pain-free method of vaccination using microneedles has been a significant research area. Microneedles comprise arrays of micron-sized needles that offer a pain-free method of delivering actives across the skin. Apart from being pain-free, microneedles provide various advantages over conventional vaccination routes such as intramuscular and subcutaneous. Microneedle vaccines induce a robust immune response as the needles ranging from 50 to 900 μm in length can efficiently deliver the vaccine to the epidermis and the dermis region, which contains many Langerhans and dendritic cells. The microneedle array looks like band-aid patches and offers the advantages of avoiding cold-chain storage and self-administration flexibility. The slow release of vaccine antigens is an important advantage of using microneedles. The vaccine antigens in the microneedles can be in solution or suspension form, encapsulated in nano or microparticles, and nucleic acid-based. The use of microneedles to deliver particle-based vaccines is gaining importance because of the combined advantages of particulate vaccine and pain-free immunization. The future of microneedle-based vaccines looks promising however, addressing some limitations such as dosing inadequacy, stability and sterility will lead to successful use of microneedles for vaccine delivery. This review illustrates the recent research in the field of microneedle-based vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipshita Menon
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (I.M.); (P.B.); (K.B.G.); (L.B.); (M.N.U.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Priyal Bagwe
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (I.M.); (P.B.); (K.B.G.); (L.B.); (M.N.U.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Keegan Braz Gomes
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (I.M.); (P.B.); (K.B.G.); (L.B.); (M.N.U.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Lotika Bajaj
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (I.M.); (P.B.); (K.B.G.); (L.B.); (M.N.U.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Rikhav Gala
- Biotechnology Division, Center for Mid-Atlantic (CMA), Fraunhofer USA, Newark, DE 19711, USA;
| | - Mohammad N. Uddin
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (I.M.); (P.B.); (K.B.G.); (L.B.); (M.N.U.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Martin J. D’Souza
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (I.M.); (P.B.); (K.B.G.); (L.B.); (M.N.U.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Susu M. Zughaier
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2731, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2731, Qatar
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