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Vernon-Wilson E, Tetui M, DeMarco M, Grindrod K, Waite NM. Connect, collaborate and tailor: a model of community engagement through infographic design during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2551. [PMID: 39300382 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Across the globe, racial and ethnic minorities have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 with increased risk of infection and burden from disease. Vaccine hesitancy has contributed to variation in vaccine uptake and compromised population-based vaccination programs in many countries. Connect, Collaborate and Tailor (CCT) is a Public Health Agency of Canada funded project to make new connections between public health, healthcare professionals and underserved communities in order to create culturally adapted communication about COVID-19 vaccines. This paper describes the CCT process and outcomes as a community engagement model that identified information gaps and created tailored tools to address misinformation and improve vaccine acceptance. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with CCT participants were undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of CCT in identifying and addressing topics of concern to underserved and ethnic minority communities. Interviews also explored CCT participants' experiences of collaboration through the development of new partnerships between ethnic minority communities, public health and academic researchers, and the evolution of co-operation sharing ideas and creating infographics. Thematic analysis was used to produce representative themes. The activities described were aligned with the levels of public engagement described in the IAP2 spectrum (International Association for Public Participation). RESULTS Analysis of interviews (n = 14) revealed that shared purpose and urgency in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic motivated co-operation among CCT participants. Acknowledgement of past harm, present health, and impact of social inequities on public service access was an essential first step in establishing trust. Creating safe spaces for open dialogue led to successful, iterative cycles of consultation and feedback between participants; a process that not only helped create tailored infographics but also deepened engagement and collaboration. Over time, the infographic material development was increasingly directed by community representatives' commentary on their groups' real-time needs and communication preferences. This feedback noticeably guided the choice, style, and presentation of infographic content while also directing dissemination strategies and vaccine confidence building activities. CONCLUSIONS The CCT process to create COVID-19 vaccine communication materials led to evolving co-operation between groups who had not routinely worked together before; strong community engagement was a key driver of change. Ensuring a respectful environment for open dialogue and visibly using feedback to create information products provided a foundation for building relationships. Finally, our data indicate participants sought reinforcement of close cooperative ties and continued investment in shared responsibility for community partnership-based public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vernon-Wilson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Moses Tetui
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mathew DeMarco
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Kelly Grindrod
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Nancy M Waite
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada.
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Attwell K, Turvey J, Wood L. COVID-19 vaccination of at-risk and marginalised groups: recentering the state in vaccine uptake. Soc Sci Med 2024; 348:116812. [PMID: 38636209 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have used the World Health Organization's new Behavioural and Social Drivers (BeSD) framework to analyse vaccine uptake. However, this study of COVID-19 vaccination among marginalised population groups highlights the framework's limitations regarding the centrality of the state in shaping people's vaccination intentions in high income countries. We conducted interviews and focus groups with service providers and community members to explore COVID-19 vaccination amongst Western Australians experiencing homelessness and/or from other marginalised populations (such as people with substance use dependence). Analysing this data iteratively to emphasise the state's role and functions, we elaborate how trauma and mistrust of government drive thoughts, feelings, and social interactions regarding vaccination programs, which are mutually reinforcing and which inhibit individuals' willingness to engage. Government systems that leave some populations behind increase those populations' susceptibility to misinformation. Policies may generate new unintended problems: social service providers worried about vaccine advocacy damaging clients' trust, especially in the context of vaccine mandates. Reframing the state's responsibility for designing culturally and socially appropriate services, we outline how end-users and trusted providers can lead this process. We share a new framework, "Recentering the State in Vaccine Uptake," arising from our analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Attwell
- VaxPol Lab, Political Science and International Relations, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Jake Turvey
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
| | - Lisa Wood
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
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Hakim H, Driedger SM, Gagnon D, Chevrier J, Roch G, Dubé E, Witteman HO. Digital Gamification Tools to Enhance Vaccine Uptake: Scoping Review. JMIR Serious Games 2024; 12:e47257. [PMID: 38421688 PMCID: PMC10906656 DOI: 10.2196/47257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamification has been used successfully to promote various desired health behaviors. Previous studies have used gamification to achieve desired health behaviors or facilitate their learning about health. OBJECTIVE In this scoping review, we aimed to describe digital gamified tools that have been implemented or evaluated across various populations to encourage vaccination, as well as any reported effects of identified tools. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, the Web of Science Core Collection, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Academic Search Premier, PsycInfo, Global Health, and ERIC for peer-reviewed papers describing digital gamified tools with or without evaluations. We also conducted web searches with Google to identify digital gamified tools lacking associated publications. We consulted 12 experts in the field of gamification and health behavior to identify any papers or tools we might have missed. We extracted data about the target population of the tools, the interventions themselves (eg, type of digital gamified tool platform, type of disease/vaccine, type and design of study), and any effects of evaluated tools, and we synthesized data narratively. RESULTS Of 1402 records, we included 28 (2%) peer-reviewed papers and 10 digital gamified tools lacking associated publications. The experts added 1 digital gamified tool that met the inclusion criteria. Our final data set therefore included 28 peer-reviewed papers and 11 digital gamified tools. Of the 28 peer-reviewed papers, 7 (25%) explained the development of the tool, 16 (57%) described evaluation, and 2 (7%) reported both development and evaluation of the tool. The 28 peer-reviewed papers reported on 25 different tools. Of these 25 digital gamified tools, 11 (44%) were web-based tools, 8 (32%) mobile (native mobile or mobile-enabled web) apps, and 6 (24%) virtual reality tools. Overall, tools that were evaluated showed increases in knowledge and intentions to receive vaccines, mixed effects on attitudes, and positive effects on beliefs. We did not observe discernible advantages of one type of digital gamified tool (web based, mobile, virtual reality) over the others. However, a few studies were randomized controlled trials, and publication bias may have led to such positive effects having a higher likelihood of appearing in the peer-reviewed literature. CONCLUSIONS Digital gamified tools appear to have potential for improving vaccine uptake by fostering positive beliefs and increasing vaccine-related knowledge and intentions. Encouraging comparative studies of different features or different types of digital gamified tools could advance the field by identifying features or types of tools that yield more positive effects across populations and contexts. Further work in this area should seek to inform the implementation of gamification for vaccine acceptance and promote effective health communication, thus yielding meaningful health and social impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Hakim
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - S Michelle Driedger
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dominique Gagnon
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Chevrier
- Bibliothèque Louise-Lalonde-Lamarre, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Roch
- Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Eve Dubé
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Département d'anthropologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Holly O Witteman
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Fefferman NH, McAlister JS, Akpa BS, Akwataghibe K, Azad FT, Barkley K, Bleichrodt A, Blum MJ, Bourouiba L, Bromberg Y, Candan KS, Chowell G, Clancey E, Cothran FA, DeWitte SN, Fernandez P, Finnoff D, Flaherty DT, Gibson NL, Harris N, He Q, Lofgren ET, Miller DL, Moody J, Muccio K, Nunn CL, Papeș M, Paschalidis IC, Pasquale DK, Reed JM, Rogers MB, Schreiner CL, Strand EB, Swanson CS, Szabo-Rogers HL, Ryan SJ. A New Paradigm for Pandemic Preparedness. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2023; 10:240-251. [PMID: 39055963 PMCID: PMC11271254 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-023-00336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Preparing for pandemics requires a degree of interdisciplinary work that is challenging under the current paradigm. This review summarizes the challenges faced by the field of pandemic science and proposes how to address them. Recent Findings The structure of current siloed systems of research organizations hinders effective interdisciplinary pandemic research. Moreover, effective pandemic preparedness requires stakeholders in public policy and health to interact and integrate new findings rapidly, relying on a robust, responsive, and productive research domain. Neither of these requirements are well supported under the current system. Summary We propose a new paradigm for pandemic preparedness wherein interdisciplinary research and close collaboration with public policy and health practitioners can improve our ability to prevent, detect, and treat pandemics through tighter integration among domains, rapid and accurate integration, and translation of science to public policy, outreach and education, and improved venues and incentives for sustainable and robust interdisciplinary work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H. Fefferman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-3140, USA
- University of Tennessee, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - John S. McAlister
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Belinda S. Akpa
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Fahim Tasneema Azad
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence (SCAI), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Amanda Bleichrodt
- Georgia State University, Prior Second Century Initiative (2CI) Clusters, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael J. Blum
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-3140, USA
| | - L. Bourouiba
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yana Bromberg
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K. Selçuk Candan
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence (SCAI), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gerardo Chowell
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Georgia State University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin Clancey
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Sharon N. DeWitte
- Institute of Behavioural Science and Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Pilar Fernandez
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - David Finnoff
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - D. T. Flaherty
- University of Tennessee, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nathaniel L. Gibson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-3140, USA
| | - Natalie Harris
- University of Tennessee, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- The University of Tennessee, Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Eric T. Lofgren
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Debra L. Miller
- One Health Initiative, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - James Moody
- Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kaitlin Muccio
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Charles L. Nunn
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Triangle Center for Evolutionary Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Monica Papeș
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-3140, USA
| | | | - Dana K. Pasquale
- Duke Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Network Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Matthew B. Rogers
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Courtney L. Schreiner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-3140, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Strand
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Social Work Center for Veterinary Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Clifford S. Swanson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Heather L. Szabo-Rogers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sadie J. Ryan
- Department of Geography, Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
- College of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Wie SH, Jung J, Kim WJ. Effective Vaccination and Education Strategies for Emerging Infectious Diseases Such as COVID-19. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e371. [PMID: 37967881 PMCID: PMC10643251 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation and control owing to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are easing; however, concerns regarding new infectious diseases have not disappeared. Given epidemic experiences such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the influenza pandemic, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19, it is necessary to prepare for the outbreak of new infectious diseases and situations in which large-scale vaccinations are required. Although the development of vaccines against COVID-19 has contributed greatly to overcoming the pandemic, concerning vaccine side effects from the general public, including medical personnel, and decreased confidence in vaccine efficacy and side effects, present many challenges in promoting and educating vaccinations for new infectious diseases in the future. In addition to plans to develop vaccines for the outbreak of new infectious diseases, education and promotion plans are necessary to administer the latest developments of vaccines to the general public. Moreover, efforts are needed to secure the necessity, legitimacy, and evidence for rapid vaccination on a large scale at the national level. It is also necessary to carefully prepare scientific bases and explanatory statements so that the general public can easily understand them. This study aimed to establish vaccine strategies and vaccination education plans for new infectious diseases that may occur in the future. Many ways to promote vaccination to the general public and healthcare workers should be prepared to ensure that the latest vaccines against new infectious diseases are administered safely. Thus, education and promotion of vaccine efficacy and safety based on specific data from clinical studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Heon Wie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jaehun Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ozawa S, Schuh HB, Nakamura T, Yemeke TT, Lee YFA, MacDonald NE. How to increase and maintain high immunization coverage: Vaccination Demand Resilience (VDR) framework. Vaccine 2023; 41:6710-6718. [PMID: 37798209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience in vaccination demand is ever more critical as the COVID-19 pandemic has increased our understanding of the importance of vaccines on health and well-being. Yet timid demand for COVID-19 vaccines where available and reduced uptake of routine immunizations globally further raise the urgent need to build vaccination resilience. We demonstrate the complexity of vaccination demand and resilience in a framework where relevant dimensions are intertwined, fluid, and contextual. METHODS We developed the Vaccination Demand Resilience (VDR) framework based on a literature review on vaccination demand and expert consultation. The matrix framework builds on three main axes: 1) vaccination attitudes and beliefs; 2) vaccination seeking behavior; and 3) vaccination status. The matrix generated eight quadrants, which can help explain people's levels of vaccination demand and resilience. We selected four scenarios as examples to demonstrate different interventions that could move people across quadrants and build vaccination resilience. RESULTS Incongruence between individuals' attitudes and beliefs, vaccination behavior, and vaccination status can arise. For example, an individual can be vaccinated due to mandates but reject vaccination benefits and otherwise avoid seeking vaccination. Such incongruence could be altered by interventions to build resilience in vaccination demand. These interventions include information, education and communication to change individuals' vaccination attitudes and beliefs, incentive programs and reminder-recalls to facilitate vaccination seeking, or by strengthening healthcare provider communications to reduce missed opportunities. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination decision-making is complex. Individuals can be vaccinated without necessarily accepting the benefits of vaccination or seeking vaccination, threatening resilience in vaccination demand. The VDR framework can provide a useful lens for program managers and policy makers considering interventions and policies to improve vaccination resilience. This would help build and sustain confidence and demand for vaccinations, and help to continue to prevent disease, disability, and death from vaccine-preventable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Ozawa
- Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Maternal Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Holly B Schuh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tomoka Nakamura
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Nagasaki University, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatenda T Yemeke
- Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yi-Fang Ashley Lee
- Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Noni E MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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McKenzie L, Attwell K. 'I'm provax': Pro-vaccination personal histories and socialities of older Australians in the COVID-19 pandemic. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2023; 45:1441-1461. [PMID: 37026441 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination scholarship often explores how social networks foster vaccine refusal and delay, revealing how social and institutional relations produce refusing or delaying parents and un- or under-vaccinated children. It is likewise critical to understand the development of pro-vaccination orientations by researching those who want to be vaccinated since such attitudes and associated practices underpin successful vaccination programmes. This article explores pro-vaccination sociality, personal histories and self-understandings during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. We draw upon 18 in-depth interviews with older Western Australians, documenting how they articulate 'provax' identities in opposition to those they depict as 'antivax' others. Provax identities were clearly anchored in and solidified through social relations and personal histories, as interviewees spoke of 'likeminded' friends and families who facilitated each other's vaccinations and referenced childhood experiences of epidemics and vaccinations. Access barriers relating to the vaccine programme drove interviewees to reimagine their provax status in light of not yet being vaccinated. Thus, interviewees' moral and ideological understandings of themselves and others were interrelated with supply-side constraints. We examine the development of self-proclaimed 'provaxxers' (in a context of limited access); how they imagine and enact boundaries between themselves and those they deem 'antivax'; and possibilities for public health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara McKenzie
- Department of International Relations, Asian Studies, and Politics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Anthropology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katie Attwell
- Department of International Relations, Asian Studies, and Politics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Nowak GJ, Cacciatore MA. State of Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:197-210. [PMID: 36841590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the term "vaccine hesitancy" has achieved great prominence, the extent to which US parents have reluctance, doubts, or indecision when it comes to vaccines recommended for children and how such hesitancy is manifest are unclear. A narrative review approach that placed emphasis on recent data and published work is used to surface evidence and insights into the current state of US parent vaccine hesitancy. The assessment finds evidence that ∼6% to 25% of parents may be vaccine hesitant, that hesitancy is higher for influenza and HPV vaccines, and there are indications that addressing parent hesitancy has become more challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen J Nowak
- Grady College of Journalism & Mass Communication, Grady Center for Health and Risk Communication, University of Georgia, 120 Hooper Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Michael A Cacciatore
- Grady College of Journalism & Mass Communication, Grady Center for Health and Risk Communication, University of Georgia, 120 Hooper Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Mitcheltree CM. Towards a sense of urgency for innovation realization: a case study on complacency asymmetries in interorganizational relations. JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 2023; 12:11. [PMID: 36919090 PMCID: PMC9997440 DOI: 10.1186/s13731-023-00267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper seeks to explore the concept of complacency as a barrier to the sense of urgency within product innovation, by investigating the concept on behalf of interfirm project partners. More specifically, the study aims to understand complacency within the context of an industrial research project in Norway subject to material substitution of an energy transmission tower. As such, the study seeks to give a contextual understanding of complacency for innovation realization (e.g., innovation speed) from a single case study. The study identified different complacency mechanism asymmetries on behalf of the actors, as well as the varying reasons (drivers) to why urgency gaps may occur among actors. The urgency gaps were found to impact a sense of urgency and thus innovation speed negatively. The asymmetries are presented from the drivers: role understanding, competence, project intent, risk and trust. Moreover, the urgency gaps' implications for interorganizational project collaboration, and how they contribute to theory on industrial product innovation, are explained. The findings contribute with new insights on important mechanisms for how a sense of urgency may be enhanced in research projects subject to interorganizational innovation. Theoretical contributions thus relate to enhanced understanding of complacency asymmetry in product innovation collaboration, and how trust is an important dimension for urgency creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Marie Mitcheltree
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway
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Whitehead HS, French CE, Caldwell DM, Letley L, Mounier-Jack S. A systematic review of communication interventions for countering vaccine misinformation. Vaccine 2023; 41:1018-1034. [PMID: 36628653 PMCID: PMC9829031 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misinformation and disinformation around vaccines has grown in recent years, exacerbated during the Covid-19 pandemic. Effective strategies for countering vaccine misinformation and disinformation are crucial for tackling vaccine hesitancy. We conducted a systematic review to identify and describe communications-based strategies used to prevent and ameliorate the effect of mis- and dis-information on people's attitudes and behaviours surrounding vaccination (objective 1) and examined their effectiveness (objective 2). METHODS We searched CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and MedRxiv in March 2021. The search strategy was built around three themes(1) communications and media; (2) misinformation; and (3) vaccines. For trials addressing objective 2, risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias in randomized trials tool (RoB2). RESULTS Of 2000 identified records, 34 eligible studies addressed objective 1, 29 of which also addressed objective 2 (25 RCTs and 4 before-and-after studies). Nine 'intervention approaches' were identified; most focused on content of the intervention or message (debunking/correctional, informational, use of disease images or other 'scare tactics', use of humour, message intensity, inclusion of misinformation warnings, and communicating weight of evidence), while two focused on delivery of the intervention or message (timing and source). Some strategies, such as scare tactics, appear to be ineffective and may increase misinformation endorsement. Communicating with certainty, rather than acknowledging uncertainty around vaccine efficacy or risks, was also found to backfire. Promising approaches include communicating the weight-of-evidence and scientific consensus around vaccines and related myths, using humour and incorporating warnings about encountering misinformation. Trying to debunk misinformation, informational approaches, and communicating uncertainty had mixed results. CONCLUSION This review identifies some promising communication strategies for addressing vaccine misinformation. Interventions should be further evaluated by measuring effects on vaccine uptake, rather than distal outcomes such as knowledge and attitudes, in quasi-experimental and real-life contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S. Whitehead
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Vaccines and Immunisation, Department of Global Health Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E. French
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah M. Caldwell
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sandra Mounier-Jack
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Vaccines and Immunisation, Department of Global Health Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom,Corresponding author at: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
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MacDonald NE, Dubé È, Comeau J. Vaccines, Politics and Mandates: Can We See the Forest for the Trees? Comment on "Convergence on Coercion: Functional and Political Pressures as Drivers of Global Childhood Vaccine Mandates". Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 12:7572. [PMID: 36404500 PMCID: PMC10125092 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2022.7572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Under-vaccination is a complex problem that is not simple to address whether this is for routine childhood immunization or for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Vaccination mandates has been one policy instrument used to try to increase vaccine uptake. While the concept may appear straight forward there is no standard approach. The decision to shift to a more coercive mandated program may be influenced by both functional and/or political needs. With mandates there may be patient and/or public push back. Anti-mandate protests and increased public polarization has been seen with COVID-19 vaccine mandates. This may negatively impact on vaccine acceptance ie, be counterproductive, causing more harm than overall good in the longer term. We need a better understanding of the political and functional needs that drive policy change towards mandates as well as cases studies of the shorter- and longer-term outcomes of mandates in both routine and pandemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noni E. MacDonald
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ève Dubé
- Direction des Risques Biologiques et de la Santé au Travail, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jeannette Comeau
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Nuwarda RF, Ramzan I, Weekes L, Kayser V. Vaccine Hesitancy: Contemporary Issues and Historical Background. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101595. [PMID: 36298459 PMCID: PMC9612044 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination, despite being recognized as one of the most effective primary public health measures, is viewed as unsafe and unnecessary by an increasing number of individuals. Anxiety about vaccines and vaccination programs leading to vaccine hesitancy results from a complex mix of social and political influences, cultural and religious beliefs, the availability of and ability to interpret health and scientific information, and personal and population experiences of health systems and government policies. Vaccine hesitancy is becoming a serious threat to vaccination programs, and was identified as one of the World Health Organization’s top ten global health threats in 2019. The negative impact of anti-vaccination movements is frequently cited as one of the major reasons for rising vaccine hesitancy amongst the general public world-wide. This review discusses the various issues surrounding vaccine hesitancy and the anti-vaccine movement, starting with the definitions of vaccine hesitancy and the anti-vaccine movement in their early history and in the modern era, before discussing the key drivers of vaccine hesitancy, particularly across different regions of the world, with a focus on various countries with low-, middle-, or high-income economies with different socio-economic populations. The review concludes with the impact of vaccine hesitancy on herd immunity and social, psychological, and public health measures to counter vaccine hesitancy.
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Dube E, MacDonald SE, Manca T, Bettinger JA, Driedger SM, Graham J, Greyson D, MacDonald NE, Meyer S, Roch G, Vivion M, Aylsworth L, Witteman H, Gélinas-Gascon F, Marques Sathler Guimaraes L, Hakim H, Gagnon D, Béchard B, Gramaccia JA, Khoury R, Tremblay S. Understanding the influence of online information, misinformation, disinformation and reinformation on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: Protocol for a multicomponent study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e41012. [PMID: 36191171 PMCID: PMC9578524 DOI: 10.2196/41012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an explosion in the amount of information shared on the internet, including false and misleading information on SARS-CoV-2 and recommended protective behaviors. Prior to the pandemic, web-based misinformation and disinformation were already identified as having an impact on people’s decision to refuse or delay recommended vaccination for themselves or their children. Objective The overall aims of our study are to better understand the influence of web-based misinformation and disinformation on COVID-19 vaccine decisions and investigate potential solutions to reduce the impact of web-based misinformation and disinformation about vaccines. Methods Based on different research approaches, the study will involve (1) the use of artificial intelligence techniques, (2) a web-based survey, (3) interviews, and (4) a scoping review and an environmental scan of the literature. Results As of September 1, 2022, data collection has been completed for all objectives. The analysis is being conducted, and results should be disseminated in the upcoming months. Conclusions The findings from this study will help with understanding the underlying determinants of vaccine hesitancy among Canadian individuals and identifying effective, tailored interventions to improve vaccine acceptance among them. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/41012
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Dube
- Anthropology Department, Laval University, Pavillon Charles-De Koninck, 1030 Avenue des Sciences humaines, Quebec, CA
| | | | - Terra Manca
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CA
| | - Julie A Bettinger
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CA
| | - S Michelle Driedger
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CA
| | - Janice Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, CA
| | - Devon Greyson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CA
| | | | - Samantha Meyer
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA
| | | | - Maryline Vivion
- Department of Social and Preventive medicine, Laval University, Quebec, CA
| | | | - Holly Witteman
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, CA
| | - Félix Gélinas-Gascon
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, CA
| | | | - Hina Hakim
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, CA
| | - Dominique Gagnon
- Department of Biohazard, Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Québec, CA
| | | | | | - Richard Khoury
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, CA
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