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Mtei M, Mwasamila B D, Amour C, Bilakwate JS, Shirima LJ, Farah A, Mboya IB, Ngocho J, George JM, Msuya SE. COVID-19 vaccine confidence and its effect on vaccine uptake among people with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2396213. [PMID: 39222941 PMCID: PMC11370906 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2396213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination effectively reduces disease severity, hospitalization, and mortality, particularly among individuals with chronic conditions who bear a disproportionate burden of disease complications. Vaccine confidence - belief in its safety, effectiveness, and importance - boosts uptake. However, limited data on vaccine confidence in this population hinders the development of targeted interventions. This study examined COVID-19 vaccine confidence and its impact on uptake among individuals with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in the Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2023 among 646 randomly selected adults aged ≥18 years with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in three districts of Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. An interviewer-administered electronic questionnaire assessed confidence and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in addition to related knowledge and demographic characteristics. Data analysis was done for 646 individuals who consented to participate. Multivariable logistic regression models determined the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine confidence and its effect on vaccine uptake. The proportion of COVID-19 vaccine confidence among all 646 participants was 70% and was highest for perceived vaccine importance (80%), followed by perceived vaccine effectiveness (77%) and perceived vaccine safety (74%). Good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines and living in the Mwanga municipal council (MC), a semi-urban district, was independently associated with confidence in the vaccines' importance, safety, effectiveness, and overall COVID-19 vaccine confidence. Confidence in COVID-19 vaccines increased the odds of vaccine uptake. Targeted interventions to boost vaccine confidence are therefore essential to enhance vaccine uptake in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mtei
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Daimon Mwasamila B
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, University of Lausanne, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Amour
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Julieth S Bilakwate
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Community Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Laura J Shirima
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Amina Farah
- Joint Malaria Program, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Innocent B Mboya
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - James Ngocho
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Johnston M George
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Community Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Sia E Msuya
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Community Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Community Health Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
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Paschoalotto MAC, Cima J, Costa E, Valente de Almeida S, Gomes da Costa J, Santos JV, Passador CS, Passador JL, Barros PP. Politics and confidence toward the COVID-19 vaccination: A Brazilian cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2318139. [PMID: 38407171 PMCID: PMC10900266 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2318139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study has the aim of assessing the Brazilian perceptions, influencing factors and political positioning on the confidence concerning COVID-19 vaccination. To achieve the objective, the methods rely on a cross-sectional survey of Brazilian citizens, distributed through different social networks. The sample is composed of 1,670 valid responses, collected from almost all Brazilian states and state capitals. To analyze the data and give a clear view of the variables' relationship, the study used bivariate and comparative graphs. Results show a higher level of confidence in vaccines from Pfizer and AstraZeneca, while the lower level of confidence is associated with vaccines from Sinopharm and Sputinik5. Vaccine efficacy is the most significant influencing factor that helps in the decision to get vaccinated. Also, individuals are less willing to get vaccinated if their political preferences are related to the right-wing. The results led to three main health and social implications: i) the vaccination strategy campaigns should take in count vaccine efficacy and political aspects; ii) the vaccination process should be adapted to regions with different political positions; and iii) a reinforcement in the educational policies of the vaccine's importance to the public health, to avoid the politization of a health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto
- School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Research Center in Political Science (CICP), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Cima
- Centre for Research in Economics and Management (NIPE), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Costa
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Gomes da Costa
- Center for Economics and Finance; School of Economics and Management, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Vasco Santos
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Public Health Unit, ACES Grande Porto VIII - Espinho/Gaia, ARS Norte, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudia Souza Passador
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Passador
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Pedro Pita Barros
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Dionne M, Rochette L, Hamel D, Dube È. Change in intention and hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccines in a cohort of adults in Quebec during the pandemic. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2309006. [PMID: 38347660 PMCID: PMC10865925 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 vaccine uptake was high in Quebec for the primary series, vaccine acceptance decreased for the subsequent booster doses. This article presents the evolution of vaccine intention, self-reported vaccination behaviors, and vaccine hesitancy over 2 years. A series of cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Quebec between March 2020 and March 2023, with a representative sample of 3,330 adults recruited biweekly via a Web panel. Panelists could have answered multiple times over the course of the project. A cohort of respondents was created to assess how attitudes and behaviors about COVID-19 vaccines evolved. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Among the 1,914 individuals with no or low intention of getting vaccinated in Fall 2021 (Period 1), 1,476 (77%) reported having received at least two doses in the Winter 2023 (Period 2). Not believing in conspiracy theory (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.65-2.64), being worried about catching COVID-19 (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.65-2.73) and not living in a rural area (ORs of other areas are 2.27, 95% CI: 1.58-3.28; 1.66, 95% CI: 1.23-2.26; 1.82 95% CI: 1.23-2.73) were the three main factors associated with being vaccinated at Period 2. Among the 11,117 individuals not hesitant at Period 1, 1,335 (12%) became hesitant at Period 2. The three main factors significantly associated with becoming vaccine hesitant were the adherence to conspiracy theories (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.95-2.66), being a female (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.48-1.90) and being younger than 65 years old (the ORs for 18-34, 35-49, and 50-64 compared with 65 and over are 2.82, 95% CI: 2.32-3.44; 2.39, 95% CI: 2.00-2.86 and 1.82, 95% CI: 1.55-2.15 respectively). As the pandemic is over, monitoring the evolution of vaccine attitudes and uptake will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Dionne
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Rochette
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Hamel
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Ève Dube
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
- Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Digregorio M, Van Ngoc P, Domen J, Bognar Z, Duysburgh E, Hendrickx G, Van Damme P, Coenen S, Scholtes B. Primary Healthcare Providers' Views on Periodic COVID-19 Booster Vaccination for Themselves and Their Patients: A 2023 Nationwide Survey in Belgium. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:740. [PMID: 39066378 PMCID: PMC11281441 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
New COVID-19 strains and waning vaccine effectiveness prompted initiatives for booster vaccination. In Belgium, healthcare providers (HCPs) received a second booster in July 2022, with eligible individuals receiving a third in autumn. Primary HCPs (PHCPs) play a crucial role in healthcare organization and patient communication. This study, conducted in February-March 2023, surveyed 1900 Belgian PHCPs to assess their views on periodic COVID-19 boosters for themselves and their patients. The survey included questions on sociodemographic information, willingness to receive periodic COVID-19 boosters, reasons for acceptance or refusal, confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy, and views on booster recommendations. Overall, 86% of participants were willing to receive periodic COVID-19 boosters, motivated by self-protection, patient well-being, and the uninterrupted delivery of healthcare services. Factors influencing booster refusal included not being a general practitioner (GP) or GP trainee, working in Wallonia or Brussels, and lacking vaccine confidence. Although 243 participants would not take boosters periodically, only 74 would not recommend it. Regarding administration, 59% supported pharmacist involvement in COVID-19 vaccination. Further qualitative analysis of 290 PHCPs' responses revealed varying recommendations, including specific roles like nurses, organizational structures, and collaborative approaches. This study highlights the need to address vaccine confidence, regional disparities, and PHCP roles in booster implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Digregorio
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pauline Van Ngoc
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Domen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), Centre for General Practice, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Zsofia Bognar
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- ECDC Fellowship Programme, Field Epidemiology Path (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Els Duysburgh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Greet Hendrickx
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Samuel Coenen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), Centre for General Practice, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Beatrice Scholtes
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Akrong GB, Hiadzi RA, Donkor AB, Anafo DK. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Ghana: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305993. [PMID: 38917063 PMCID: PMC11198846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The propensity to accept vaccines and factors that affect vaccine acceptance and hesitancy will determine the overall success of the COVID-19 vaccination program. Therefore, countries need to understand the factors that influence vaccine acceptance and hesitancy to prevent further future shocks, and it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of these factors. As a result, this study aims to review selected published works in the study's domain and conduct valuable analysis to determine the most influential factors in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Ghana. The review also explored the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccines in Ghana. We selected published works from 2021 to April 2023 and extracted, analyzed, and summarized the findings based on the key factors that influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Ghana, the acceptance rate in Ghana, the demographic factors that are often examined, and the study approach used to examine these factors. The study found that positive vaccination perception, safety, belief in vaccine efficacy, knowledge of COVID-19, and a good vaccine attitude influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Ghana. The negative side effects of the vaccines, mistrust in the vaccine, lack of confidence in the vaccine's safety, fear, and spiritual and religious beliefs all played significant roles in influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. For this study, the COVID-19 acceptance rates observed in the reviewed articles ranged from 17.5% to 82.6%. The demographic parameters frequently included in these studies that have a significant impact include educational attainment, gender, religious affiliation, age, and marital status. The positive perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and concerns about its negative effects influenced Ghanaians' acceptance and hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Banafo Akrong
- Management Science and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Information Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Daniel Kwasi Anafo
- Office of Research, Innovation and Development (ORID), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Bouloukaki I, Christodoulakis A, Papageorgakopoulou S, Tsiligianni I. The Prevalence and Determinants of Hesitancy for Regular COVID-19 Vaccination among Primary Healthcare Patients with Asthma or COPD in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:414. [PMID: 38675796 PMCID: PMC11054093 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel coronavirus mutations and signs of the waning immunity provided by COVID-19 vaccines underscore the importance of regular vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of regular COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and the factors that influence it among patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who visited primary care centers. The cross-sectional study was conducted in six primary healthcare centers in Crete, Greece (October-December 2023). Participants completed a questionnaire, which included questions about socio-demographic characteristics, health status, previous COVID-19 booster vaccination, attitudes, and beliefs about COVID-19 vaccination. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors that influenced vaccine hesitancy. Of the 264 participants, 65% exhibited hesitancy towards COVID-19 booster vaccination. Female gender, middle age, lower educational attainment, depression diagnosis, concerns about vaccine side effects, lack of confidence in vaccine efficacy, and reliance on media information were positively associated to vaccine hesitancy. Conversely, those having a cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes, those generally adhering to the recommendations of the treating physician, and those having previously received the flu vaccine or more than three COVID-19 vaccine doses were positively associated with regular COVID-19 vaccinations. Consequently, our findings could help develop strategies that could potentially reduce regular vaccination hesitancy among patients with asthma or COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izolde Bouloukaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.C.); (S.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Antonios Christodoulakis
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.C.); (S.P.); (I.T.)
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stavroula Papageorgakopoulou
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.C.); (S.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Ioanna Tsiligianni
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.C.); (S.P.); (I.T.)
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Ullah N, Martin S, Poduval S. A Snapshot of COVID-19 Vaccine Discourse Related to Ethnic Minority Communities in the United Kingdom Between January and April 2022: Mixed Methods Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e51152. [PMID: 38530334 DOI: 10.2196/51152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing literature highlights the role of social media as a key source of information for the public during the COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on vaccination attempts. Yet there is little research exploring its role in the public discourse specifically among ethnic minority communities, who have the highest rates of vaccine hesitancy (delay or refusal of vaccination despite availability of services). OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand the discourse related to minority communities on social media platforms Twitter and YouTube. METHODS Social media data from the United Kingdom was extracted from Twitter and YouTube using the software Netlytics and YouTube Data Tools to provide a "snapshot" of the discourse between January and April 2022. A mixed method approach was used where qualitative data were contextualized into codes. Network analysis was applied to provide insight into the most frequent and weighted keywords and topics of conversations. RESULTS A total of 260 tweets and 156 comments from 4 YouTube videos were included in our analysis. Our data suggests that the most popular topics of conversation during the period sampled were related to communication strategies adopted during the booster vaccine rollout. These were noted to be divisive in nature and linked to wider conversations around racism and historical mistrust toward institutions. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a shift in narrative from concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine itself, toward the strategies used in vaccination implementation, in particular the targeting of ethnic minority groups through vaccination campaigns. The implications for public health communication during crisis management in a pandemic context include acknowledging wider experiences of discrimination when addressing ethnic minority communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazifa Ullah
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Martin
- Vaccines and Society Unit, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shoba Poduval
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kopilaš V, Nasadiuk K, Martinelli L, Lhotska L, Todorovic Z, Vidmar M, Machado H, Svalastog AL, Gajović S. Perspectives on the COVID-19 Vaccination Rollout in 17 Countries: Reflexive Thematic and Frequency Analysis Based on the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Framework. JMIR Hum Factors 2024; 11:e44258. [PMID: 38373020 PMCID: PMC10896317 DOI: 10.2196/44258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the SARS-CoV-2 virus created a global pandemic and rapidly became an imminent threat to the health and lives of people worldwide, the need for a vaccine and its quick distribution among the population was evident. Due to the urgency, and on the back of international collaboration, vaccines were developed rapidly. However, vaccination rollouts showed different success rates in different countries and some also led to increased vaccine hesitancy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the role of information sharing and context sensitivity in various vaccination programs throughout the initial COVID-19 vaccination rollout in different countries. Moreover, we aimed to identify factors in national vaccination programs related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, safety, and effectiveness. Toward this end, multidisciplinary and multinational opinions from members of the Navigating Knowledge Landscape (NKL) network were analyzed. METHODS From May to July 2021, 25 completed questionnaires from 27 NKL network members were collected. These contributors were from 17 different countries. The responses reflected the contributors' subjective viewpoints on the status and details of the COVID-19 vaccination rollout in their countries. Contributors were asked to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (ie, SWOT) of the respective vaccination programs. The responses were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, followed by frequency analysis of identified themes according to the represented countries. RESULTS The perspectives of NKL network members showed a link between organizational elements of the vaccination rollout and the accompanying societal response, both of which were related to strengths and weaknesses of the process. External sociocultural variables, improved public communication around vaccination-related issues, ethical controversies, and the spread of disinformation were the dominant themes related to opportunities and challenges. In the SWOT 2×2 matrix, Availability and Barriers emerged as internal categories, whereas Transparent communication and promotion and Societal divide emerged as key external categories. CONCLUSIONS Inventory of themes and categories inspired by elements of the SWOT framework provides an informative multidisciplinary perspective for effective implementation of public health strategies in the battle against COVID-19 or any future pandemics of a similar nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Kopilaš
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Khrystyna Nasadiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Lenka Lhotska
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zoran Todorovic
- University Hospital Medical Center "Bežanijska kosa", Belgrade,
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
| | - Matjaz Vidmar
- Institute for the Study of Science, Technology and Innovation, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Machado
- Institute for Social Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Anna Lydia Svalastog
- Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Srećko Gajović
- BIMIS-Biomedical Research Center Šalata, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Wojczewski S, Leitner KM, Hoffmann K, Kutalek R, Jirovsky-Platter E. Vaccine hesitancy among physicians: a qualitative study with general practitioners and paediatricians in Austria and Germany. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077411. [PMID: 38262649 PMCID: PMC10806645 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand reasons for vaccine hesitancy (VH) among general practioners (GPs) and paediatricians. We aim to analyse how and when the healthcare workers (HCWs) developed vaccine-hesitant views and how they transfer these to patients. DESIGN AND SETTING Semistructured interviews with vaccine-hesitant GPs and paediatricians were conducted in Austria and Germany using an explorative qualitative research design. PARTICIPANTS We contacted 41 physicians through letters and emails and 10 agreed to participate, five were male and five female. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Ten interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and anonymised. The material was analysed inductively following a grounded theory approach with open coding using the software atlas.ti. RESULTS Key themes that were identified were education and career path, understanding of medicine and medical profession, experiences with vaccines, doctor-patient interactions and continuous education activities and the link to VH. GPs and paediatricians' vaccine-hesitant attitudes developed during their medical training and, in particular, during extracurricular training in homeopathy, which most of the participants completed. Most participants work in private practices rather than with contracts with social insurance because they are not satisfied with the health system. Furthermore, they are critical of biomedicine. Most of the interview partners do not consider themselves antivaccination, but are sceptical towards vaccines and especially point out the side effects. Most do not vaccinate in their practices and some do only occasionally. Their vaccine-hesitant views are often fostered through respective online communities of vaccine-hesitant HCWs. CONCLUSIONS More studies on a connection between complementary medicine and vaccine-hesitant views of HCWs are needed. Education about vaccines and infectious diseases among healthworkers must increase especially tailored towards the use of internet and social media. Physicians should be made aware that through time and empathy towards their patients they could have a positive impact on undecided patients and parents regarding vaccine decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Wojczewski
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kathryn Hoffmann
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Kutalek
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Jirovsky-Platter
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Jiang W, Lu C, Yan X, Tucker JD, Lin L, Li J, Larson HJ, Gong W, Wu D. Vaccine confidence mediates the association between a pro-social pay-it-forward intervention and improved influenza vaccine uptake in China: A mediation analysis. Vaccine 2024; 42:362-368. [PMID: 38103961 PMCID: PMC10789265 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A Chinese clinical trial has demonstrated that a prosocial pay-it-forward intervention that offered subsidized vaccination and postcard messages effectively increased influenza vaccine uptake and vaccine confidence. This secondary analysis explored the potential mediating role of vaccine confidence on the association between a pay-it-forward intervention and influenza vaccine uptake, and how this might vary by individual annual income levels. METHODS Data from 300 participants (150 standard-of-care and 150 pay-it-forward participants) were included in the analysis. We conducted descriptive analysis of demographic and vaccine confidence variables. Multivariable regression and mediation analysis on interventions, vaccine confidence and vaccine uptake were conducted. A sub-group analysis was conducted to further understand whether associations between these variables vary by income levels (<=$1860 or >$1860). RESULTS The pay-it-forward intervention was significantly associated with greater levels of perceived influenza vaccine importance (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.60, 95 %CI: 1.77-7.32), effectiveness (aOR = 3.37, 95 %CI: 1.75-6.52) and safety (aOR = 2.20, 95 %CI: 1.17-4.15). Greater perceived influenza vaccine importance was associated with increased vaccine uptake (aOR = 8.51, 95 %CI: 3.04-23.86). The indirect effect of the pay-it-forward intervention on vaccination was significant through improved perceived influenza vaccine importance (indirect effect1 = 0.07, 95 %CI: 0.02-0.11). This study further revealed that, irrespective of the individual income level, the pay-it-forward intervention was associated with increased vaccine uptake when compared to the standard-of-care approach. CONCLUSIONS Pay-it-forward intervention may be a promising strategy to improve influenza vaccine uptake. Perceived confidence in vaccine importance appears to be a potential mediator of the association between pay-it-forward and vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Public Health of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunlei Lu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Public Health of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xumeng Yan
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China; SESH (Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health) Team, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- SESH (Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health) Team, Guangzhou, China; School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Room 360, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Leesa Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jing Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Heidi J Larson
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Wenfeng Gong
- China Country Office of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Room 360, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Aya Pastrana N, Agudelo-Londoño S, Franco-Suarez O, Otero Machuca J, Guzman-Tordecilla DN, López Sánchez MC, Rodriguez-Patarroyo M, Rivera-Sánchez CA, Castro-Barbudo D, Trujillo AJ, Maniar V, Vecino-Ortiz AI. Improving COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a message co-design process for a national mHealth intervention in Colombia. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2242670. [PMID: 37643136 PMCID: PMC10467523 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2242670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccination is a global priority. Latin American countries have some of the highest COVID-19 death rates worldwide with vaccination hampered by a variety of reasons, including mis- and disinformation, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccine supply constraints. Addressing vaccine hesitancy through effective messages has been found to help increase vaccine uptake. Participatory processes could be used to co-design health messages for this purpose. OBJECTIVE This article describes the methodology used to co-design evidence-based audio messages to be deployed in a cohort of individuals through an interactive voice response (IVR) mobile phone survey intervention, aimed towards increasing vaccination uptake in an adult population in Colombia. METHODS Participants of the COVID-19 vaccination message co-design process included a sample of the general population of the country, representatives of the funder organisation, and research team members. The co-design process consisted of four phases: (1) formative quantitative and qualitative research, (2) message drafting based on the results of the formative research, (3) message content evaluation, and (4) evaluation of the voices to deliver the audio messages; and was informed by reflexive meetings. RESULTS Three categories of evidence-based audio messages were co-designed, each corresponding to an arm of the mHealth intervention: (1) factual messages, (2) narrative messages, and (3) mixed messages. An additional fourth arm with no message was proposed for control. The iterative co-design process ended with a total of 14 audio messages recorded to be deployed via the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Co-developing health messages in response to health emergencies is possible. Adopting more context-relevant, participatory, people-centred, and reflexive multidisciplinary approaches could help develop solutions that are more responsive to the needs of populations and public health priorities. Investing resources in message co-design is deemed to have a greater potential for influencing behaviours and improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Aya Pastrana
- IMEK Centro de Investigación en Mercadeo & Desarrollo, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Oscar Franco-Suarez
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jessica Otero Machuca
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio J. Trujillo
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidhi Maniar
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andres I. Vecino-Ortiz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Dinga JN, Kabakama S, Njimoh DL, Chia JE, Morhason-Bello I, Lumu I. Quantitative Synthesis of Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Vaccine Hesitancy in 185 Countries. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:34. [PMID: 38250847 PMCID: PMC10818751 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mass vaccination against COVID-19 is the best method to ensure herd immunity in order to curb the effect of the pandemic on the global economy. It is therefore important to assess the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy on a global scale. Factors were recorded from cross-sectional studies analyzed with t-Test, ANOVA, correlation, and meta-regression analyses and synthesized to identify global trends in order to inform policy. We registered the protocol (ID: CRD42022350418) and used standard Cochrane methods and PRISMA guidelines to collect and synthesize cross-sectional articles published between January 2020 and August 2023. A total of 67 articles with 576 studies from 185 countries involving 3081,766 participants were included in this synthesis. Global COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 65.27% (95% CI; 62.72-67.84%), while global vaccine hesitancy stood at 32.1% (95% CI; 29.05-35.17%). One-Way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference in the percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement across the World Bank income levels (p < 0.187). There was a significant difference of vaccine acceptance (p < 0.001) and vaccine hesitancy (p < 0.005) across the different World Bank Income levels. World Bank income level had a strong influence on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (p < 0.0004) and hesitancy (p < 0.003) but percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement did not. There was no correlation between percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (r = -0.11, p < 0.164) or vaccine hesitancy (r = -0.09, p < 0.234). Meta-regression analysis showed that living in an urban setting (OR = 4.83, 95% CI; 0.67-212.8), rural setting (OR = 2.53, 95% CI; 0.29-119.33), older (OR = 1.98, 95% CI; 0.99-4.07), higher education (OR = 1.76, 95% CI; 0.85-3.81), and being a low income earner (OR = 2.85, 95% CI; 0.45-30.63) increased the odds of high COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Factors that increased the odds of high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were no influenza vaccine (OR = 33.06, 95% CI; 5.03-1395.01), mistrust for vaccines (OR = 3.91, 95% CI; 1.92-8.24), complacency (OR = 2.86, 95% CI; 1.02-8.83), pregnancy (OR = 2.3, 95% CI; 0.12-141.76), taking traditional herbs (OR = 2.15, 95% CI; 0.52-10.42), being female (OR = 1.53, 95% CI; 0.78-3.01), and safety concerns (OR = 1.29, 95% CI; 0.67-2.51). We proposed a number of recommendations to increase vaccine acceptance and ensure global herd immunity against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Nyhalah Dinga
- Michael Gahnyam Gbeugvat Foundation, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | - Severin Kabakama
- Humanitarian and Public Health Consultant, Mwanza P.O. Box 511, Tanzania
| | - Dieudonne Lemuh Njimoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | - Julius Ebua Chia
- World Health Organization-Regional Office for Africa, Brazaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | | | - Ivan Lumu
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
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13
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Wie SH, Jung J, Kim WJ. Effective Vaccination and Education Strategies for Emerging Infectious Diseases Such as COVID-19. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e371. [PMID: 37967881 PMCID: PMC10643251 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation and control owing to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are easing; however, concerns regarding new infectious diseases have not disappeared. Given epidemic experiences such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the influenza pandemic, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19, it is necessary to prepare for the outbreak of new infectious diseases and situations in which large-scale vaccinations are required. Although the development of vaccines against COVID-19 has contributed greatly to overcoming the pandemic, concerning vaccine side effects from the general public, including medical personnel, and decreased confidence in vaccine efficacy and side effects, present many challenges in promoting and educating vaccinations for new infectious diseases in the future. In addition to plans to develop vaccines for the outbreak of new infectious diseases, education and promotion plans are necessary to administer the latest developments of vaccines to the general public. Moreover, efforts are needed to secure the necessity, legitimacy, and evidence for rapid vaccination on a large scale at the national level. It is also necessary to carefully prepare scientific bases and explanatory statements so that the general public can easily understand them. This study aimed to establish vaccine strategies and vaccination education plans for new infectious diseases that may occur in the future. Many ways to promote vaccination to the general public and healthcare workers should be prepared to ensure that the latest vaccines against new infectious diseases are administered safely. Thus, education and promotion of vaccine efficacy and safety based on specific data from clinical studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Heon Wie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jaehun Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Albitar L, Aboualchamat G. Assessment of attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 pandemic: a survey on a cohort of educated Syrian population. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2023; 98:17. [PMID: 37661215 PMCID: PMC10475446 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-023-00142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused the death of millions of people and affected the lives of hundreds of millions worldwide. The WHO recommendations aimed mainly to reduce transmission, minimize infection, and get people vaccinated. Nevertheless, opinions and attitudes about the disease varied. In this study, we evaluated personal attitudes and practices of a cohort of an educated Syrian population, after several waves of infection with COVID-19 and the release of different types of vaccines. METHODS A cross-sectional internet-based survey was launched in January 2022.The survey queried the participants' personal experience, attitudes, practices towards COVID-19, and vaccination. RESULTS The study included 408 individuals. The respondents were mainly females (72.6%), 20-29 years old (39.2%), and college graduates (59.3%). A large proportion (89.7%) reported having been infected at least once during the pandemic; a significant association was found with age (p = 0.001). Nearly half of the respondents got vaccinated; the majority were > 40 years old. Opinions differed regarding the effectiveness and safety of the vaccines; only a small percentage of the participants (17.4%) thought all vaccines were effective and safe. Remarkably, the level of education did not significantly dominate the participants' attitudes or practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately half of the respondents (44.9%) stated their lives were affected by the pandemic and over the third were worried (38%). A significant association was detected with gender in favour of females. Most of the participants have taken at least one precautionary measure to limit the infection. CONCLUSION The level of education did not significantly dominate the participants' attitudes or practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Female respondents were more cautious, concerned and committed to taking precautionary measures regardless of their education level. However, their unwillingness to receive the vaccine raises significant concerns. Efforts should be made to emphasize the importance of immunization, the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, and encourage vaccination among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Albitar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ghalia Aboualchamat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
- Centre for Epidemiological and Biological Studies, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
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15
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Sobierajski T, Rzymski P, Wanke-Rytt M. The Influence of Recommendation of Medical and Non-Medical Authorities on the Decision to Vaccinate against Influenza from a Social Vaccinology Perspective: Cross-Sectional, Representative Study of Polish Society. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050994. [PMID: 37243098 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against seasonal flu is crucial to prevention of illness in modern societies. The level of influenza vaccination in Poland is low and, for many years, has hovered around a few percent of the general population. For this reason, it is crucial to understand the reasons for such a low level of vaccination and to assess the influence of medical and social authorities on the decision to vaccinate against influenza from the perspective of social vaccinology. For this purpose, a representative survey was conducted in 2022 among adult Poles (N = 805), orchestrated with the CAWI technique based on the author's questionnaire. The most significant authority in the context of influenza vaccination is held by physicians, especially among the oldest part of the population, over 65 years of age-in this group, 50.4% of respondents declare a very high level of respect for physicians on the issue of recommended influenza vaccination (p < 0.001), and the second-highest authority group for which seniors have respect in the aspect of influenza vaccination is pharmacists (p = 0.011). It was also shown that pharmacists have more authority on the issue of influenza vaccination than nurses, especially in the group that declared themselves opponents of vaccination (p < 0.001). The survey indicates the need to strengthen the authority of physicians and pharmacists regarding influenza vaccination, and, in the case of pharmacists, the need for changing the law to allow them to qualify for influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sobierajski
- The Center of Sociomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Resocialization, University of Warsaw, 26/28 Krakowskie Przedmieście Str., 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Wanke-Rytt
- Department of Pediatrics with Clinical Assessment Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, 63a Żwirki i Wigury Str., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Hussaini L, Labberton AS, Winje BA, Kraft KB, Kjøllesdal MKR, Gleditsch RN, Godøy AA. COVID-19 vaccination rates among adolescents (12-17 years) by immigrant background and sociodemographic factors: A nationwide registry study in Norway. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00514-5. [PMID: 37179165 PMCID: PMC10150188 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lower COVID-19 vaccination rates have been observed among some adult immigrant populations in Norway, and there appears to be an association with sociodemographic factors. However, knowledge is lacking on the distribution of vaccination rates and role of sociodemographic factors among adolescents. This study aims to describe COVID-19 vaccination rates among adolescents according to immigrant background, household income, and parental education. METHODS In this nationwide registry study, we analyzed individual-level data on adolescents (12-17 years) from the Norwegian Emergency preparedness register for COVID-19 until September 15th, 2022. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) for receiving at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose by country background, household income and parental education, using Poisson regression, adjusting for age, sex, and county. RESULTS The sample comprised 384,815 adolescents. Foreign-born and Norwegian-born with foreign-born parents, had lower vaccination rates (57 % and 58 %) compared to adolescents with at least one Norwegian-born parent (84 %). Vaccination rates by country background varied from 88 % (Vietnam) to 31 % (Russia). Variation and associations by country background, household income, and parental education were greater among 12-15-year-olds than 16-17-year-olds. Household income and parental education were positively associated with vaccination. Compared to the lowest income and education category, IRRs for household income ranged from 1.07 (95 % CI 1.06-1.09) to 1.31 (95 % CI 1.29-1.33) among 12-15-year-olds, and 1.06 (95 % CI 1.04-1.07) to 1.17 (95 % CI 1.15-1.18) among 16-17-year-olds. For parental education, from IRR 1.08 (95 % CI 1.06-1.09) to 1.18 (95 % CI 1.17-1.20) among 12-15-year-olds, and 1.05 (95 % CI 1.04-1.07) to 1.09 (95 % CI 1.07-1.10) among 16-17-year-olds. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccination rates varied by immigrant background and age group, with lower rates especially among adolescents with background from Eastern Europe and among younger adolescents. Household income and parental education were positively associated with vaccination rates. Our results may help target measures to increase vaccination rates among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lema Hussaini
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Postbox 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Angela S Labberton
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Postbox 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Brita A Winje
- Department of Infection Control and Vaccine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian B Kraft
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Postbox 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Karoline R Kjøllesdal
- Department of Public Health Science, Norwegian University of Lifesciences. Postbox 5003 NMBU, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Rebecca N Gleditsch
- Department of Infection Control and Vaccine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna A Godøy
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Postbox 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
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17
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Sakr R, Helou M, Hamieh C, Estephan M, Chrabieh R, Salameh P, Khazen G, Kolanjian H, Jabbour E, Husni R. Perception of the Lebanese Adults about Vaccination: A Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030621. [PMID: 36992205 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With the continuous spread and emergence of transmissible diseases, focusing on preventive measures is essential to decrease their incidence and spread. In addition to behavioral measures, vaccination is an optimal way to protect the population and eradicate infectious diseases. The majority are aware of children’s vaccinations, while many might not know that adult vaccinations are also essential. Objectives: This study aims to understand the perception of Lebanese adults towards vaccination and their knowledge and awareness of its importance. This is a national cross-sectional study, conducted between January 2020 and January 2021. Results: the data were collected from 1023 subjects, the majority being Lebanese, previously healthy, and with a graduate or post-graduate level of education. Out of these participants, 44.9% were advised to take vaccines, half of them by healthcare workers. The most common vaccine received during adult life is the Flu vaccine. Overall, 25.6% of the participants were unaware that they needed vaccines and 27.9% thought it is not indicated. Participants’ knowledge about vaccination is variable. In total, 39.4% agree or are uncertain whether vaccines contain harmful chemicals and 48.4% believe that vaccines will trigger diseases. The level of education and occupation significantly enhances knowledge about vaccination. Some participants 27.3% are concerned about the vaccine’s side effects. The group of young participants, graduates, and nonsmokers think that the vaccine is a necessity and had a positive attitude towards vaccination. Conclusions: Many Lebanese lack knowledge about adult vaccination protection and its benefits in the community. It is essential that the country’s health ministry department collaborate with the healthcare system to launch awareness campaigns about adult vaccination in the country to overcome the barriers and ensure better coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Sakr
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Division of Family Medicine, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Mariana Helou
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Division of Emergency Medicine, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Cima Hamieh
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Division of Family Medicine, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Michelle Estephan
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Division of Emergency Medicine, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Remie Chrabieh
- Department of Dermatology, Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Georges Khazen
- Computer Science and Mathematics Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Harout Kolanjian
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Elsy Jabbour
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Division of Emergency Medicine, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Rola Husni
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
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