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Sharma B, Torres MM, Rodriguez S, Gangwani L, Kumar S. MicroRNA-502-3p regulates GABAergic synapse function in hippocampal neurons. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2698-2707. [PMID: 38595288 PMCID: PMC11168514 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202412000-00026/figure1/v/2024-04-08T165401Z/r/image-tiff Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons, the most abundant inhibitory neurons in the human brain, have been found to be reduced in many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementia. Our previous study identified the upregulation of microRNA-502-3p (miR-502-3p) and downregulation of GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 in Alzheimer's disease synapses. This study investigated a new molecular relationship between miR-502-3p and GABAergic synapse function. In vitro studies were performed using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and miR-502-3p agomiRs and antagomiRs. In silico analysis identified multiple binding sites of miR-502-3p at GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 mRNA. Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-502-3p targets the GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 gene and suppresses the luciferase activity. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, miRNA in situ hybridization, immunoblotting, and immunostaining analysis confirmed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 level, while suppression of miR-502-3p increased the level of GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 protein. Notably, as a result of the overexpression of miR-502-3p, cell viability was found to be reduced, and the population of necrotic cells was found to be increased. The whole cell patch-clamp analysis of human-GABA receptor A-α1/β3/γ2L human embryonic kidney (HEK) recombinant cell line also showed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA current and overall GABA function, suggesting a negative correlation between miR-502-3p levels and GABAergic synapse function. Additionally, the levels of proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease were high with miR-502-3p overexpression and reduced with miR-502-3p suppression. The present study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of regulation of GABAergic synapses by miR-502-3p. We propose that micro-RNA, in particular miR-502-3p, could be a potential therapeutic target to modulate GABAergic synapse function in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupender Sharma
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Melissa M. Torres
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Sheryl Rodriguez
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Laxman Gangwani
- Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
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Rogers M, Obergrussberger A, Kondratskyi A, Fertig N. Using automated patch clamp electrophysiology platforms in ion channel drug discovery: an industry perspective. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:523-535. [PMID: 38481119 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2329104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Automated patch clamp (APC) is now well established as a mature technology for ion channel drug discovery in academia, biotech and pharma companies, and in contract research organizations (CRO), for a variety of applications including channelopathy research, compound screening, target validation and cardiac safety testing. AREAS COVERED Ion channels are an important class of drugged and approved drug targets. The authors present a review of the current state of ion channel drug discovery along with new and exciting developments in ion channel research involving APC. This includes topics such as native and iPSC-derived cells in ion channel drug discovery, channelopathy research, organellar and biologics in ion channel drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION It is our belief that APC will continue to play a critical role in ion channel drug discovery, not only in 'classical' hit screening, target validation and cardiac safety testing, but extending these applications to include high throughput organellar recordings and optogenetics. In this way, with advancements in APC capabilities and applications, together with high resolution cryo-EM structures, ion channel drug discovery will be re-invigorated, leading to a growing list of ion channel ligands in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rogers
- Albion Drug Discovery Services Ltd, Cambridge, UK
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Halliwell RF, Salmanzadeh H, Coyne L, Cao WS. An Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Study of the Properties of Human iPSC-Derived Neurons for Drug Discovery. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081953. [PMID: 34440722 PMCID: PMC8395001 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human stem cell-derived neurons are increasingly considered powerful models in drug discovery and disease modeling, despite limited characterization of their molecular properties. Here, we have conducted a detailed study of the properties of a commercial human induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-derived neuron line, iCell [GABA] neurons, maintained for up to 3 months in vitro. We confirmed that iCell neurons display neurite outgrowth within 24 h of plating and label for the pan-neuronal marker, βIII tubulin within the first week. Our multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings clearly showed neurons generated spontaneous, spike-like activity within 2 days of plating, which peaked at one week, and rapidly decreased over the second week to remain at low levels up to one month. Extracellularly recorded spikes were reversibly inhibited by tetrodotoxin. Patch-clamp experiments showed that iCell neurons generated spontaneous action potentials and expressed voltage-gated Na and K channels with membrane capacitances, resistances and membrane potentials that are consistent with native neurons. Our single neuron recordings revealed that reduced spiking observed in the MEA after the first week results from development of a dominant inhibitory tone from GABAergic neuron circuit maturation. GABA evoked concentration-dependent currents that were inhibited by the convulsants, bicuculline and picrotoxin, and potentiated by the positive allosteric modulators, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, phenobarbital, allopregnanolone and mefenamic acid, consistent with native neuronal GABAA receptors. We also show that glycine evoked robust concentration-dependent currents that were inhibited by the neurotoxin, strychnine. Glutamate, AMPA, Kainate and NMDA each evoked concentration-dependent currents in iCell neurons that were blocked by their selective antagonists, consistent with the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors. The NMDA currents required the presence of the co-agonist glycine and were blocked in a highly voltage-dependent manner by Mg2+ consistent with the properties of native neuronal NMDA receptors. Together, our data suggest that such human iPSC-derived neurons may have significant value in drug discovery and development and may eventually largely replace the need for animal tissues in human biomedical research.
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Chopade AR, Somade PM, Somade PP, Mali SN. Identification of Anxiolytic Potential of Niranthin: In-vivo and Computational Investigations. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:223-233. [PMID: 33175328 PMCID: PMC7981351 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is an unpleasant state, which can critically decrease the quality of life is often accompanied by nervous behaviour and rumination. Niranthin is a lignan isolated from various Phyllanthus sources. The literature survey on niranthin highlights wide ranges of the therapeutic potentials. In a present study, based on our previous investigations, we evaluated pure, isolated and characterized niranthin as an anxiolytic agent. The niranthin [6-[(2R,3R)-3-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)butyl]-4-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxole] was purchased from commercial source and further subjected for assessment of its anxiolytic potentials using popular animal models including Elevated plus-maze model/test (EPM) and Light & Dark Exploration test (L&D). GABA-A receptor mediation was evaluated by pretreating the mice with the GABA-A receptor antagonist Flumazenil before the EPM task. Molecular docking simulation studies (pdb id: 4COF) carried out by Vlife QSAR software showed that niranthin (docking score: - 62.1714 kcal/mol) have shown comparatively best docking score compared to the standard drug Diazepam (docking score: - 63.1568 kcal/mol). To conclude, Niranthin has probable potential in the management of anxiety disorder. Our in-silico and in-vivo analysis (indirectly) indicated the plausible role of GABA mediation for anxiolytic activity. Although, these studies are preliminary, future in depth experimental explorations will be required to use Niranthin as anti-anxiety drug in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul R Chopade
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Sangli, Maharashtra, 415404, India.
| | - Prakash M Somade
- Dept. of Physiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Pratik P Somade
- Dept. of Physiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suraj N Mali
- Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, Maharashtra, India
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Holloway PM, Willaime-Morawek S, Siow R, Barber M, Owens RM, Sharma AD, Rowan W, Hill E, Zagnoni M. Advances in microfluidic in vitro systems for neurological disease modeling. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1276-1307. [PMID: 33583054 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second largest cause of death worldwide. Despite significant research efforts, neurology remains one of the most failure-prone areas of drug development. The complexity of the human brain, boundaries to examining the brain directly in vivo, and the significant evolutionary gap between animal models and humans, all serve to hamper translational success. Recent advances in microfluidic in vitro models have provided new opportunities to study human cells with enhanced physiological relevance. The ability to precisely micro-engineer cell-scale architecture, tailoring form and function, has allowed for detailed dissection of cell biology using microphysiological systems (MPS) of varying complexities from single cell systems to "Organ-on-chip" models. Simplified neuronal networks have allowed for unique insights into neuronal transport and neurogenesis, while more complex 3D heterotypic cellular models such as neurovascular unit mimetics and "Organ-on-chip" systems have enabled new understanding of metabolic coupling and blood-brain barrier transport. These systems are now being developed beyond MPS toward disease specific micro-pathophysiological systems, moving from "Organ-on-chip" to "Disease-on-chip." This review gives an outline of current state of the art in microfluidic technologies for neurological disease research, discussing the challenges and limitations while highlighting the benefits and potential of integrating technologies. We provide examples of where such toolsets have enabled novel insights and how these technologies may empower future investigation into neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Holloway
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Richard Siow
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa Barber
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anup D Sharma
- New Orleans BioInnovation Center, AxoSim Inc., New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wendy Rowan
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Eric Hill
- School of Life and Health sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Bae M, Roh JD, Kim Y, Kim SS, Han HM, Yang E, Kang H, Lee S, Kim JY, Kang R, Jung H, Yoo T, Kim H, Kim D, Oh H, Han S, Kim D, Han J, Bae YC, Kim H, Ahn S, Chan AM, Lee D, Kim JW, Kim E. SLC6A20 transporter: a novel regulator of brain glycine homeostasis and NMDAR function. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12632. [PMID: 33428810 PMCID: PMC7863395 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine transporters (GlyT1 and GlyT2) that regulate levels of brain glycine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter with co‐agonist activity for NMDA receptors (NMDARs), have been considered to be important targets for the treatment of brain disorders with suppressed NMDAR function such as schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear whether other amino acid transporters expressed in the brain can also regulate brain glycine levels and NMDAR function. Here, we report that SLC6A20A, an amino acid transporter known to transport proline based on in vitro data but is understudied in the brain, regulates proline and glycine levels and NMDAR function in the mouse brain. SLC6A20A transcript and protein levels were abnormally increased in mice carrying a mutant PTEN protein lacking the C terminus through enhanced β‐catenin binding to the Slc6a20a gene. These mice displayed reduced extracellular levels of brain proline and glycine and decreased NMDAR currents. Elevating glycine levels back to normal ranges by antisense oligonucleotide‐induced SLC6A20 knockdown, or the competitive GlyT1 antagonist sarcosine, normalized NMDAR currents and repetitive climbing behavior observed in these mice. Conversely, mice lacking SLC6A20A displayed increased extracellular glycine levels and NMDAR currents. Lastly, both mouse and human SLC6A20 proteins mediated proline and glycine transports, and SLC6A20 proteins could be detected in human neurons. These results suggest that SLC6A20 regulates proline and glycine homeostasis in the brain and that SLC6A20 inhibition has therapeutic potential for brain disorders involving NMDAR hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Bae
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Junyeop Daniel Roh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Youjoung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Soon Kim
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye Min Han
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, KISTI, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suho Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryeonghwa Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwajin Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Taesun Yoo
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyosang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Heejeong Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungwook Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dayeon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jinju Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunjoo Ahn
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Andrew M Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daeyoup Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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Gao J, Zhang H, Xiong P, Yan X, Liao C, Jiang G. Application of electrophysiological technique in toxicological study: From manual to automated patch-clamp recording. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Obal D, Wu JC. Induced pluripotent stem cells as a platform to understand patient-specific responses to opioids and anaesthetics. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4581-4594. [PMID: 32767563 PMCID: PMC7520445 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology may provide unprecedented opportunities to study patient-specific responses to anaesthetics and opioids. In this review, we will (1) examine the advantages and limitations of iPSC technology, (2) summarize studies using iPSCs that have contributed to our current understanding of anaesthetics and opioid action on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system (CNS), and (3) describe how iPSC technology can be used to further develop personalized analgesic and sedative pharmacotherapies with reduced or minimal detrimental cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Obal
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Outcomes Research ConsortiumClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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Nieman AN, Li G, Zahn NM, Mian MY, Mikulsky BN, Hoffman DA, Wilcox TM, Kehoe AS, Luecke IW, Poe MM, Alvarez-Carbonell D, Cook JM, Stafford DC, Arnold LA. Targeting Nitric Oxide Production in Microglia with Novel Imidazodiazepines for Nonsedative Pain Treatment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2019-2030. [PMID: 32511908 PMCID: PMC7380323 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research is the identification of new treatments for neuropathic pain. We characterized the GABAergic system of immortalized mouse and human microglia using electrophysiology and qRT-PCR. Cells from both species exhibited membrane current changes in response to γ-aminobutyric acid, with an EC50 of 260 and 1940 nM, respectively. Human microglia expressed high levels of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) α3 subunit, which can assemble with β1 and γ2/δ subunits to form functional GABAARs. Mouse microglia contained α2, α3, and α5, in addition to β1-3, γ1-2, and δ, mRNA, enabling a more diverse array of GABAARs than human microglia. Benzodiazepines are well-established modulators of GABAAR activity, prompting a screen of a library of diverse benzodiazepines in microglia for cellular effects. Several active compounds were identified by reduction of nitric oxide (NO) in interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide activated microglia. However, further investigation with GABAAR antagonists flumazenil, picrotoxin, and bicuculline demonstrated that GABAARs were not linked to the NO response. A screen of 48 receptors identified the κ-opioid receptor and to a lesser extent the μ-opioid receptor as molecular targets, with opioid receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine reversing benzodiazepine induced reduction of microglial NO. Functional assays identified the downregulation of inducible NO synthase as the mode of action of imidazodiazepines MP-IV-010 and GL-IV-03. Like other κ-opioid receptor agonists, GL-IV-03 reduced the agitation response in both phases of the formalin nociception test. However, unlike other κ-opioid receptor agonists, MP-IV-010 and GL-IV-03 did not impair sensorimotor coordination in mice. Thus, MP-IV-010 and GL-IV-03 represent a new class of nonsedative drug candidates for inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Guanguan Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Md Yeunus Mian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | | | - Dylan A. Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Taylor M. Wilcox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Alexander S. Kehoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Ian W. Luecke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Michael M. Poe
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo MI 49008, United States
| | - David Alvarez-Carbonell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Douglas C. Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
- Pantherics Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
- Pantherics Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Lara CO, Burgos CF, Moraga-Cid G, Carrasco MA, Yévenes GE. Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels as Pharmacological Targets Against Chronic Pain. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:167. [PMID: 32218730 PMCID: PMC7079299 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common detrimental condition that affects around 20% of the world population. The current drugs to treat chronic pain states, especially neuropathic pain, have a limited clinical efficiency and present significant adverse effects that complicates their regular use. Recent studies have proposed new therapeutic strategies focused on the pharmacological modulation of G-protein-coupled receptors, transporters, enzymes, and ion channels expressed on the nociceptive pathways. The present work intends to summarize recent advances on the pharmacological modulation of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels, which plays a key role in pain processing. Experimental data have shown that novel allosteric modulators targeting the excitatory nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, as well as the inhibitory GABAA and glycine receptors, reverse chronic pain-related behaviors in preclinical assays. Collectively, these evidences strongly suggest the pharmacological modulation of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels is a promising strategy towards the development of novel therapeutics to treat chronic pain states in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- César O Lara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Carlos F Burgos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Gustavo Moraga-Cid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Mónica A Carrasco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gonzalo E Yévenes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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11
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Eglen RM, Reisine T. Human iPS Cell-Derived Patient Tissues and 3D Cell Culture Part 1: Target Identification and Lead Optimization. SLAS Technol 2018; 24:3-17. [PMID: 30286296 DOI: 10.1177/2472630318803277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs), and new technologies to culture them into functional cell types and tissues, are now aiding drug discovery. Patient-derived HiPSCs can provide disease models that are more clinically relevant and so more predictive than the currently available animal-derived or tumor cell-derived cells. These cells, consequently, exhibit disease phenotypes close to the human pathology, particularly when cultured under conditions that allow them to recapitulate the tissue architecture in three-dimensional (3D) systems. A key feature of HiPSCs is that they can be cultured under conditions that favor formation of multicellular spheroids or organoids. By culturing and differentiating in systems mimicking the human tissue in vivo, the HiPSC microenvironment further reflects patient in vivo physiology, pathophysiology, and ultimately pharmacological responsiveness. We assess the rationale for using HiPSCs in several phases of preclinical drug discovery, specifically in disease modeling, target identification, and lead optimization. We also discuss the growing use of HiPSCs in compound lead optimization, particularly in profiling compounds for their potential metabolic liability and off-target toxicities. Collectively, we contend that both approaches, HiPSCs and 3D cell culture, when used in concert, have exciting potential for the development of novel medicines.
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12
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Plasminogen binding inhibitors demonstrate unwanted activities on GABA A and glycine receptors in human iPSC derived neurons. Neurosci Lett 2018; 681:37-43. [PMID: 29758302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plasminogen binding inhibitors (PBIs) reduce the risk of bleeding in hemorrhagic conditions. However, generic PBIs are also associated with an increased risk of seizures, an adverse effect linked to unwanted activities towards inhibitory neuronal receptors. Development of novel PBIs serve to remove compounds with such properties, but progress is limited by a lack of higher throughput methods with human translatability. Herein we apply human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived neurons in combination with dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) technology to demonstrate robust and reproducible modulation of both GABAA and glycine receptors. These cells respond to GABA (EC50 0.33 ± 0.18 μM), glycine (EC50 11.0 ± 3.7 μM) and additional ligands in line with previous reports from patch clamp technologies. Additionally, we identify and characterize a competitive antagonistic behavior of the prototype inhibitor and drug tranexamic acid (TXA). Finally, we demonstrate proof of concept for effective counter-screening of lead series compounds towards unwanted GABAA receptor activities. No activity was observed for a previously identified PBI candidate drug, AZD6564, whereas a discontinued analog, AZ13267257, could be characterized as a potent GABAA receptor agonist.
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