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Sun Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Yuan W, Xue R, Li C, Xia Q, Hu L, Wei Y, He M, Lai K. Intratracheally administered iron oxide nanoparticles induced murine lung inflammation depending on T cells and B cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113735. [PMID: 36935073 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs), produced in track traffic system and a wide range of industrial production, poses a great threat to human health. However, there is little research about the mechanism of Fe2O3 NPs toxicity on respiratory system. Rag1-/- mice which lack functional T and B cells were intratracheally challenged with Fe2O3 NPs, and interleukin (IL)-33 as an activator of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) to observe ILC2s changes. The lung inflammatory response to Fe2O3 NPs was alleviated in Rag1-/- mice compared with wild type (WT) mice. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen deposition in tissue, leukocyte numbers (neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes), cytokine levels, such as IL-6, IL-13 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and downstream myeloid differentiation factor (MyD)88, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were decreased in lungs. Fe2O3 NPs markedly elevated ILC2s compared with the control, but ILC2s numbers were much lower compared with IL-33 in both WT and Rag1-/- mice. Furthermore, ILC2s amounts were strongly greater in Rag1-/- mice than WT mice. Our results suggested that Fe2O3 NPs induced sub-chronic pulmonary inflammation, which is majorly dependent on T cells and B cells rather than ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Wenke Yuan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Rou Xue
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Longji Hu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Miao He
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China.
| | - Kefang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
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2
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Vang AR, Shaitelman SF, Rasmussen JC, Chan W, Sevick-Muraca EM, Aldrich MB. Plasma Cytokines/Chemokines as Predictive Biomarkers for Lymphedema in Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:676. [PMID: 36765631 PMCID: PMC9913278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) occurs in ~ 40% of patients after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), radiation therapy (RT), or chemotherapy. First-line palliative treatment utilizes compression garments and specialized massage. Reparative microsurgeries have emerged as a second-line treatment, yet both compression and surgical therapy are most effective at early stages of LE development. Identifying patients at the highest risk for BCRL would allow earlier, more effective treatment. Perometric arm volume measurements, near-infrared fluorescent lymphatic imaging (NIRF-LI) data, and blood were collected between 2016 and 2021 for 40 study subjects undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Plasma samples were evaluated using MILLIPLEX human cytokine/chemokine panels at pre-ALND and at 12 months post-RT. A Mann-Whitney t-test showed that G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-2α, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, and MIP-1β were significantly higher at pre-ALND in those presenting with BCRL at 12 months post-RT. MIP-1β and IL-6 were significantly higher at pre-ALND in those who developed dermal backflow, but no BCRL, at 12 months post-RT. Plasma IL-15, IL-3, and MIP-1β were elevated at 12 months after RT in those with clinical BCRL. These findings establish BCRL as a perpetual inflammatory disorder, and suggest the use of plasma cytokine/chemokine levels to predict those at highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Vang
- UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - John C. Rasmussen
- UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenyaw Chan
- UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eva M. Sevick-Muraca
- UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melissa B. Aldrich
- UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Bauer A, Tatliadim H, Halin C. Leukocyte Trafficking in Lymphatic Vessels. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:a041186. [PMID: 35379657 PMCID: PMC9524389 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To ensure proper immune function, most leukocytes constantly move within tissues or between them using the blood and lymphatic vessels as transport routes. While afferent lymphatic vessels transfer leukocytes from peripheral tissues to draining lymph nodes (dLNs), efferent lymphatics return lymphocytes from LNs back into the blood vascular circulation. Over the last decades, great progress has been made in our understanding of leukocyte migration into and within the lymphatic compartment, leading to the approval of new drugs targeting this process. In this review, we first introduce the anatomy of the lymphatic vasculature and the main cell types migrating through lymphatics. We primarily focus on dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, the most prominent lymph-borne cell types, and discuss the functional significance as well as the main molecules and steps involved in their migration. Additionally, we provide an overview of the different techniques used to study lymphatic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hazal Tatliadim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Khaledi M, Sameni F, Yahyazade S, Radandish M, Owlia P, Bagheri N, Afkhami H, Mahjoor M, Esmaelpour Z, Kohansal M, Aghaei F. COVID-19 and the potential of Janus family kinase (JAK) pathway inhibition: A novel treatment strategy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:961027. [PMID: 36111104 PMCID: PMC9469902 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.961027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence proposed that the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients is a consequence of cytokine storm, characterized by increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Hence, managing the cytokine storm by drugs has been suggested for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. Several of the proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection recruit a distinct intracellular signaling pathway mediated by JAKs. Consequently, JAK inhibitors, including baricitinib, pacritinib, ruxolitinib, and tofacitinib, may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for controlling the JAK to treat COVID-19. This study indicates the mechanism of cytokine storm and JAK/STAT pathway in COVID-19 as well as the medications used for JAK/STAT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Khaledi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sameni
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheida Yahyazade
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Radandish
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parviz Owlia
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Parviz Owlia ;
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Nader Bagheri
| | | | - Mohamad Mahjoor
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Esmaelpour
- Reference Laboratory for Bovine Tuberculosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Kohansal
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Farzad Aghaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Cai D, Tian B, Liang S, Cen Y, Fang J, Ma X, Zhong Z, Ren Z, Shen L, Gou L, Wang Y, Zuo Z. More Active Intestinal Immunity Developed by Obese Mice Than Non-Obese Mice After Challenged by Escherichia coli. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:851226. [PMID: 35720836 PMCID: PMC9205201 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.851226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese mice presented lower mortality to non-fatal pneumonia induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) than the non-obese mice. However, it remained obscure whether the intestine contributed to the protective effect of obese mice with infection. The 64 non-obese (NOB) mice were divided into NOB-uninfected and NOB-E. coli groups, while 64 high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice were divided into DIO-uninfected and DIO-E. coli groups. Mice in E. coli groups were intranasally instilled with 40 μl E. coli (4.0 ×109 colony-forming units [CFUs]), while uninfected groups with the same volume of phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The T subsets of Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) in the intestine were collected for flow cytometry analysis at 0, 12, 24, and 72 h post-infection, also the duodenum and colon were harvested to survey histopathological change. The results showed that the percentage of CD3+T cells in LPLs in DIO-E. coli group was significantly lower than that in the DIO-uninfected group after infection (p < 0.05). The percentage of CD4+T cells in IELs in NOB-E. coli was significantly lower than that in DIO-E. coli after infection (p < 0.05). The percentage of CD8+T cells in LPLs in NOB-E. coli was significantly lower than that in DIO-E. coli at 12 and 24 h (p < 0.05). The immunoglobulin A (IgA)+ cells in DIO-uninfected were higher than that in NOB-uninfected at all time points (p < 0.05). The IgA+ cells in DIO-E. coli were higher than that in DIO-uninfected at 12, 24, and 72 h (p < 0.05). The results revealed that the level of intestinal mucosal immunity in obese mice was more active than that in non-obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Cen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Gou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhicai Zuo
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Desel C, Murray PJ, Lehmann CHK, Heger L, Christensen D, Andersen P, Mack M, Dudziak D, Lang R. Monocytes Elicit a Neutrophil-Independent Th1/Th17 Response Upon Immunization With a Mincle-Dependent Glycolipid Adjuvant. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880474. [PMID: 35585969 PMCID: PMC9108773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful subunit vaccination with recombinant proteins requires adjuvants. The glycolipid trehalose-dibehenate (TDB), a synthetic analog of the mycobacterial cord factor, potently induces Th1 and Th17 immune responses and is a candidate adjuvant for human immunization. TDB binds to the C-type lectin receptor Mincle and triggers Syk-Card9-dependent APC activation. In addition, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor/MyD88-dependent signaling is required for TDB adjuvanticity. The role of different innate immune cell types in adjuvant-stimulated Th1/Th17 responses is not well characterized. We investigated cell recruitment to the site of injection (SOI) and to the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) after immunization with the TDB containing adjuvant CAF01 in a protein-based vaccine. Recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils to the SOI and the dramatic increase in lymph node cellularity was partially dependent on both Mincle and MyD88. Despite their large numbers at the SOI, neutrophils were dispensable for the induction of Th1/Th17 responses. In contrast, CCR2-dependent monocyte recruitment was essential for the induction of Th1/Th17 cells. Transport of adjuvant to the dLN did not require Mincle, MyD88, or CCR2. Together, adjuvanticity conferred by monocytes can be separated at the cellular level from potential tissue damage by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Desel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christiane Desel, ; Roland Lang,
| | - Peter J. Murray
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Christian H. K. Lehmann
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christiane Desel, ; Roland Lang,
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7
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Rowaiye AB, Okpalefe OA, Onuh Adejoke O, Ogidigo JO, Hannah Oladipo O, Ogu AC, Oli AN, Olofinase S, Onyekwere O, Rabiu Abubakar A, Jahan D, Islam S, Dutta S, Haque M. Attenuating the Effects of Novel COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection-Induced Cytokine Storm and the Implications. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1487-1510. [PMID: 33889008 PMCID: PMC8057798 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s301784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an arduous global health challenge, and the increasing number of fatalities calls for the speedy pursuit of a remedy. This review emphasizes the changing aspects of the COVID-19 disease, featuring the cytokine storm's pathological processes. Furthermore, we briefly reviewed potential therapeutic agents that may modulate and alleviate cytokine storms. The literature exploration was made using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Google scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to retrieve the most recent literature on the etiology, diagnostic markers, and the possible prophylactic and therapeutic options for the management of cytokine storm in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 disease. The causative agent, severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), continually threatens the efficiency of the immune system of the infected individuals. As the first responder, the innate immune system provides primary protection against COVID-19, affecting the disease's progression, clinical outcome, and prognosis. Evidence suggests that the fatalities associated with COVID-19 are primarily due to hyper-inflammation and an aberrant immune function. Accordingly, the magnitude of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, (IL-6), and tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) significantly differentiate between mild and severe cases of COVID-19. The early prediction of a cytokine storm is made possible by several serum chemistry and hematological markers. The prompt use of these markers for diagnosis and the aggressive prevention and management of a cytokine release syndrome is critical in determining the level of morbidity and fatality associated with COVID-19. The prophylaxis and the rapid treatment of cytokine storm by clinicians will significantly enhance the fight against the dreaded COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle Babajide Rowaiye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | | | - Olukemi Onuh Adejoke
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Joyce Oloaigbe Ogidigo
- Bioresources Development Centre, Abuja, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi Hannah Oladipo
- Bioresources Development Centre, Ilorin, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Amoge Chidinma Ogu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Angus Nnamdi Oli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Samson Olofinase
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Onyekachi Onyekwere
- Bioresources Development Centre, Ubulu-Uku, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, 700233, Nigeria
| | - Dilshad Jahan
- Department of Hematology, Asgar Ali Hospital, Gandaria, Dhaka, 1204, Bangladesh
| | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
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Nakawesi J, Konjit GM, Dasoveanu DC, Johansson-Lindbom B, Lahl K. Rotavirus infection causes mesenteric lymph node hypertrophy independently of type I interferon or TNF-α in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1143-1152. [PMID: 33354817 PMCID: PMC8247885 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid organ hypertrophy is a characteristic feature of acute infection and is considered to enable efficient induction of adaptive immune responses. Accordingly, oral infection with rotavirus induced a robust increase in cellularity in the mesenteric LNs, whose kinetics correlated with viral load and was caused by halted lymphocyte egress and increased recruitment of cells without altered cellular proliferation. Lymphocyte sequestration and mesenteric LN hypertrophy were independent of type 1 IFN receptor signaling or the continuous presence of TNF-α. Our results support previous findings that adaptive immunity toward rotavirus is initiated primarily in the mesenteric LNs and show that type I IFN or TNF-α are not required to coordinate the events involved in the LN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Nakawesi
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Bengt Johansson-Lindbom
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Biopharma, Institute for Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens, Denmark
| | - Katharina Lahl
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Biopharma, Institute for Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens, Denmark
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9
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Review: Pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypothalamic inflammation: implications for insufficient feed intake of transition dairy cows. Animal 2020; 14:s65-s77. [PMID: 32024569 PMCID: PMC7003138 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119003124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in feed intake of dairy cows entering the early lactation period potentially decrease the risk of metabolic disorders, but before developing approaches targeting the intake level, mechanisms controlling and dysregulating energy balance and feed intake need to be understood. This review focuses on different inflammatory pathways interfering with the neuroendocrine system regulating feed intake of periparturient dairy cows. Subacute inflammation in various peripheral organs often occurs shortly before or after calving and is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. These cytokines are released into the circulation and sensed by neurons located in the hypothalamus, the key brain region regulating energy balance, to signal reduction in feed intake. Besides these peripheral humoral signals, glia cells in the brain may produce pro-inflammatory cytokines independent of peripheral inflammation. Preliminary results show intensive microglia activation in early lactation, suggesting their involvement in hypothalamic inflammation and the control of feed intake of dairy cows. On the other hand, pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced activation of the vagus nerve transmits signalling to the brain, but this pathway seems not exclusively necessary to signal feed intake reduction. Yet, less studied in dairy cows so far, the endocannabinoid system links inflammation and the hypothalamic control of feed intake. Distinct endocannabinoids exert anti-inflammatory action but also stimulate the posttranslational cleavage of neuronal proopiomelanocortin towards β-endorphin, an orexigen promoting feed intake. Plasma endocannabinoid concentrations and hypothalamic β-endorphin levels increase from late pregnancy to early lactation, but less is known about the regulation of the hypothalamic endocannabinoid system during the periparturient period of dairy cows. Dietary fatty acids may modulate the formation of endocannabinoids, which opens new avenues to improve metabolic health and immune status of dairy cows.
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Abstract
Although nonoperative and operative treatments for lymphedema (LE) are well established, these procedures typically provide only partial relief from limb swelling, functional impairment, and the risk of cellulitis. The lack of a cure for LE, however, is due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and current research efforts are focusing on elucidating these processes to provide new, targeted therapies for this prevalent disease for which there is no cure. This article reviews the current literature regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie LE, as well as new and emerging therapies for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark V. Schaverien
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa B. Aldrich
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, UT Health, Houston, Texas
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11
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Neeland MR, Shi W, Collignon C, Taubenheim N, Meeusen ENT, Didierlaurent AM, de Veer MJ. The Lymphatic Immune Response Induced by the Adjuvant AS01: A Comparison of Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Immunization Routes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2704-14. [PMID: 27549170 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The liposome-based adjuvant AS01 incorporates two immune stimulants, 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A and the saponin QS-21. AS01 is under investigation for use in several vaccines in clinical development. i.m. injection of AS01 enhances immune cell activation and dendritic cell (DC) Ag presentation in the local muscle-draining lymph node. However, cellular and Ag trafficking in the lymphatic vessels that connect an i.m. injection site with the local lymph node has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were: 1) to quantify the in vivo cellular immune response induced by AS01 in an outbred ovine model, 2) to develop a lymphatic cannulation model that directly collects lymphatic fluid draining the muscle, and 3) to investigate the function of immune cells entering and exiting the lymphatic compartments after s.c. or i.m. vaccination with AS01 administered with hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg). We show that HBsAg-AS01 induces a distinct immunogenic cellular signature within the blood and draining lymphatics following both immunization routes. We reveal that MHCII(high) migratory DCs, neutrophils, and monocytes can acquire Ag within muscle and s.c. afferent lymph, and that HBsAg-AS01 uniquely induces the selective migration of Ag-positive neutrophils, monocytes, and an MHCII(high) DC-like cell type out of the lymph node via the efferent lymphatics that may enhance Ag-specific immunity. We report the characterization of the immune response in the lymphatic network after i.m. and s.c. injection of a clinically relevant vaccine, all in real time using a dose and volume comparable with that administered in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Wei Shi
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | | | - Nadine Taubenheim
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Els N T Meeusen
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | | | - Michael J de Veer
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
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Damar M, Dinç AE, Erdem D, Aydil U, Kizil Y, Eravcı FC, Bişkin S, Şevik Eliçora S, Işik H. Pretreatment Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Salivary Gland Tumors Is Associated with Malignancy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 155:988-996. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599816659257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective To assess pretreatment levels in the counts and percentages of leukocytes and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors (SGTs) while investigating whether NLR is an inflammatory marker for distinguishing low- from high-grade parotid gland tumors. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods This study was performed on 182 patients with SGTs (age range: 16-87 years; 93 male and 89 female) who were treated between January 2010 and May 2015. Pretreatment counts and percentages of leukocytes and NLR were measured preoperatively in benign and malignant tumors. Results Mean neutrophil percentage (63.50% ± 12.11% vs 58.76% ± 8.20%, P = .008) and NLR (3.29 ± 3.13 vs 2.13 ± 1.26, P = .008) were significantly higher in patients with malignant SGTs than in patients with benign SGTs. Mean lymphocyte count (2.42 ± 0.72 103/mm3 vs 1.97 ± 0.87 103/mm3, P < .001) and percentage (30.67% ± 7.68% vs 26.86% ± 10.15%, P = .011) were lower in patients with malignant SGTs than in patients with benign SGTs. Mean lymphocyte percentage and NLR were significantly different between low- and high-grade malignant parotid gland tumors ( P = .026 and P = .030, respectively). Conclusion Elevated NLR could be an inflammatory marker to distinguish low- from high-grade malignant parotid gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Damar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Aykut Erdem Dinç
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Duygu Erdem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Utku Aydil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kizil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fakih Cihat Eravcı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sultan Bişkin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Sultan Şevik Eliçora
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Işik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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13
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Hypertrophy of infected Peyer's patches arises from global, interferon-receptor, and CD69-independent shutdown of lymphocyte egress. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:892-904. [PMID: 24345804 PMCID: PMC4060605 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid organ hypertrophy is a hallmark of localized infection. During the inflammatory response, massive changes in lymphocyte recirculation and turnover boost lymphoid organ cellularity. Intriguingly, the exact nature of these changes remains undefined to date. Here, we report that hypertrophy of Salmonella-infected Peyer's patches (PPs) ensues from a global "shutdown" of lymphocyte egress, which traps recirculating lymphocytes in PPs. Surprisingly, infection-induced lymphocyte sequestration did not require previously proposed mediators of lymphoid organ shutdown including type I interferon receptor and CD69. In contrast, following T-cell receptor-mediated priming, CD69 was essential to selectively block CD4(+) effector T-cell egress. Our findings segregate two distinct lymphocyte sequestration mechanisms, which differentially rely on intrinsic modulation of lymphocyte egress capacity and inflammation-induced changes in the lymphoid organ environment.
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14
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Neeland MR, Elhay MJ, Nathanielsz J, Meeusen ENT, de Veer MJ. Incorporation of CpG into a liposomal vaccine formulation increases the maturation of antigen-loaded dendritic cells and monocytes to improve local and systemic immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3666-75. [PMID: 24646740 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal vaccine formulations incorporating stimulants that target innate immune receptors have been shown to significantly increase vaccine immunity. Following vaccination, innate cell populations respond to immune stimuli, phagocytose and process Ag, and migrate from the injection site, via the afferent lymphatic vessels, into the local lymph node. In this study, the signals received in the periphery promote and sculpt the adaptive immune response. Effector lymphocytes then leave the lymph node via the efferent lymphatic vessel to perform their systemic function. We have directly cannulated the ovine lymphatic vessels to detail the in vivo innate and adaptive immune responses occurring in the local draining lymphatic network following vaccination with a liposome-based delivery system incorporating CpG. We show that CpG induces the rapid recruitment of neutrophils, enhances dendritic cell-associated Ag transport, and influences the maturation of innate cells entering the afferent lymph. This translated into an extended period of lymph node shutdown, the induction of IFN-γ-positive T cells, and enhanced production of Ag-specific Abs. Taken together, the results of this study quantify the real-time in vivo kinetics of the immune response in a large animal model after vaccination of a dose comparable to that administered to humans. This study details enhancement of numerous immune mechanisms that provide an explanation for the immunogenic function of CpG when employed as an adjuvant within vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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15
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Jin Y, Ye X, He C, Zhang B, Zhang Y. Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as predictor of survival for patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 37:69-75. [PMID: 24327524 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Hangzhou China
| | - Xiao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology; Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; Hangzhou China
| | - Chunxiao He
- Department of Medical Oncology; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Hangzhou China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Hangzhou China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Hangzhou China
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16
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Aldrich MB, Sevick-Muraca EM. Cytokines are systemic effectors of lymphatic function in acute inflammation. Cytokine 2013; 64:362-9. [PMID: 23764549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The response of the lymphatic system to inflammatory insult and infection is not completely understood. Using a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging system to noninvasively document propulsive function, we noted the short-term cessation of murine lymphatic propulsion as early as 4h following LPS injection. Notably, the effects were systemic, displaying bilateral lymphatic pumping cessation after a unilateral insult. Furthermore, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, cytokines that were found to be elevated in serum during lymphatic pumping cessation, were shown separately to acutely and systemically decrease lymphatic pulsing frequency and velocity following intradermal administration. Surprisingly, marked lymphatic vessel dilation and leakiness were noted in limbs contralateral to IL-1β intradermal administration, but not in ipsilateral limbs. The effects of IL-1β on lymphatic pumping were abated by pre-treatment with an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, L-NIL (N-iminoethyl-L-lysine). The results suggest that lymphatic propulsion is systemically impaired within 4h of acute inflammatory insult, and that some cytokines are major effectors of lymphatic pumping cessation through nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. These findings may help in understanding the actions of cytokines as mediators of lymphatic function in inflammatory and infectious states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B Aldrich
- The Center for Molecular Imaging, Brown Foundation Institute for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, 1825 Pressler, 330-07, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Yousaf MN, Koppang EO, Skjødt K, Hordvik I, Zou J, Secombes C, Powell MD. Comparative cardiac pathological changes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) affected with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) and pancreas disease (PD). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012. [PMID: 23200434 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The heart is considered the powerhouse of the cardiovascular system. Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) and pancreas disease (PD) are cardiac diseases of marine farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) which commonly affect the heart in addition to the skeletal muscle, liver and pancreas. The main findings of these diseases are necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltrates affecting different regions of the heart. In order to better characterize the cardiac pathology, study of the inflammatory cell characteristics and cell cycle protein expression was undertaken by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin embedded hearts from confirmed diseased cases applying specific antibodies. The inflammatory cells were predominantly CD3(+) T lymphocytes. The PD diseased hearts exhibited moderate hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) immuno-reaction that suggested tissue hypoxia while recombinant tumor necrosis factor-α (rTNFα) antibody identified putative macrophages and eosinophilic granulocytes (EGCs) in addition to endocardial cells around lesions. There were strong to low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II immunostaining in the diseased hearts associated with macrophage-like and lymphocyte-like cells. The diseased hearts expressed strong to low levels of apoptotic cells identified by caspase 3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The strong signals for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and TUNEL, and moderate levels of caspase 3 immuno-reactivity suggested a high cell turnover where DNA damage/repair might be occurring in the diseased hearts. Interestingly, the apparently similar cardiac diseases exhibited differences in the immunopathological responses in Atlantic salmon.
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