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Sanguineti D, Zampieri G, Treu L, Campanaro S. Metapresence: a tool for accurate species detection in metagenomics based on the genome-wide distribution of mapping reads. mSystems 2024:e0021324. [PMID: 38980053 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00213-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Shotgun metagenomics allows comprehensive sampling of the genomic information of microbes in a given environment and is a tool of choice for studying complex microbial systems. Mapping sequencing reads against a set of reference or metagenome-assembled genomes is in principle a simple and powerful approach to define the species-level composition of the microbial community under investigation. However, despite the widespread use of this approach, there is no established way to properly interpret the alignment results, with arbitrary relative abundance thresholds being routinely used to discriminate between present and absent species. Such an approach can be affected by significant biases, especially in the identification of rare species. Therefore, it is important to develop new metrics to overcome these biases. Here, we present Metapresence, a new tool to perform reliable identification of the species in metagenomic samples based on the distribution of mapped reads on the reference genomes. The analysis is based on two metrics describing the breadth of coverage and the genomic distance between consecutive reads. We demonstrate the high precision and wide applicability of the tool using data from various synthetic communities, a real mock community, and the gut microbiome of healthy individuals and antibiotic-associated-diarrhea patients. Overall, our results suggest that the proposed approach has a robust performance in hard-to-analyze microbial communities containing contaminated or closely related genomes in low abundance.IMPORTANCEDespite the prevalent use of genome-centric alignment-based methods to characterize microbial community composition, there lacks a standardized approach for accurately identifying the species within a sample. Currently, arbitrary relative abundance thresholds are commonly employed for this purpose. However, due to the inherent complexity of genome structure and biases associated with genome-centric approaches, this practice tends to be imprecise. Notably, it introduces significant biases, particularly in the identification of rare species. The method presented here addresses these limitations and contributes significantly to overcoming inaccuracies in precisely defining community composition, especially when dealing with rare members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Zampieri
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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2
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Huang J, Jordan HR, Older CE, Griffin MJ, Allen PJ, Wise DJ, Goodman PM, Reifers JG, Yamamoto FY. Lactococcus lactis MA5 is a potential autochthonous probiotic for nutrient digestibility enhancement and bacterial pathogen inhibition in hybrid catfish (Ictalurus punctatus × I. furcatus). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024:e13997. [PMID: 38973153 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
With the emergence of diseases, the U.S. catfish industry is under challenge. Current trends prefer autochthonous bacteria as potential probiotic candidates owing to their adaptability and capacity to effectively colonize the host's intestine, which can enhance production performance and bolster disease resistance. The objective of this study was to isolate an autochthonous bacterium as probiotic for hybrid catfish. Initially, an analysis of the intestinal microbiota of hybrid catfish reared in earthen ponds was conducted for subsequent probiotic development. Twenty lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the digesta of overperforming catfish, and most of the candidates demonstrated probiotic traits, including proteolytic and lipolytic abilities; antagonistic inhibition of catfish enteric bacterial pathogens, negative haemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility. Subsequent to this screening process, an isolate of Lactococcus lactis (MA5) was deemed the most promising probiotic candidate. In silico analyses were conducted, and several potential probiotic functions were predicted, including essential amino acids and vitamin synthesis. Moreover, genes for three bacteriocins, lactococcin A, enterolysin A and sactipeptide BmbF, were identified. Lastly, various protectant media for lyophilization of MA5 were assessed. These findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MA5 can be an autochthonous probiotic from hybrid catfish, holding promise to be further tested in feeding trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Heather R Jordan
- Department of Biology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Caitlin E Older
- Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Matt J Griffin
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter J Allen
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - David J Wise
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Penelope M Goodman
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - J Grant Reifers
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Fernando Y Yamamoto
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Aziz N, Wal P, Patel A, Prajapati H. A comprehensive review on the pharmacological role of gut microbiome in neurodegenerative disorders: potential therapeutic targets. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03109-4. [PMID: 38734839 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson's, pose significant challenges to public health due to their complex etiologies and limited treatment options. Recent advances in research have highlighted the intricate bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), revealing a potential therapeutic avenue for neurological disorders. Thus, this review aims to summarize the current understanding of the pharmacological role of gut microbiome in neurological disorders. Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating CNS function through various mechanisms, including the production of neurotransmitters, neuroactive metabolites, and immune system modulation. Dysbiosis, characterized by alterations in gut microbial composition and function, has been observed in many neurological disorders, indicating a potential causative or contributory role. Pharmacological interventions targeting the gut microbiome have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders. Probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and microbial metabolite-based interventions have shown beneficial effects in animal models and some human studies. These interventions aim to restore microbial homeostasis, enhance microbial diversity, and promote the production of beneficial metabolites. However, several challenges remain, including the need for standardized protocols, identification of specific microbial signatures associated with different neurological disorders, and understanding the precise mechanisms underlying gut-brain communication. Further research is necessary to unravel the intricate interactions between the gut microbiome and the CNS and to develop targeted pharmacological interventions for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namra Aziz
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India.
| | - Aman Patel
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Harshit Prajapati
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
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4
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Das S, Chandukishore T, Ulaganathan N, Dhodduraj K, Gorantla SS, Chandna T, Gupta LK, Sahoo A, Atheena PV, Raval R, Anjana PA, DasuVeeranki V, Prabhu AA. Sustainable biorefinery approach by utilizing xylose fraction of lignocellulosic biomass. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131290. [PMID: 38569993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) has been a lucrative feedstock for developing biochemical products due to its rich organic content, low carbon footprint and abundant accessibility. The recalcitrant nature of this feedstock is a foremost bottleneck. It needs suitable pretreatment techniques to achieve a high yield of sugar fractions such as glucose and xylose with low inhibitory components. Cellulosic sugars are commonly used for the bio-manufacturing process, and the xylose sugar, which is predominant in the hemicellulosic fraction, is rejected as most cell factories lack the five‑carbon metabolic pathways. In the present review, more emphasis was placed on the efficient pretreatment techniques developed for disintegrating LCB and enhancing xylose sugars. Further, the transformation of the xylose to value-added products through chemo-catalytic routes was highlighted. In addition, the review also recapitulates the sustainable production of biochemicals by native xylose assimilating microbes and engineering the metabolic pathway to ameliorate biomanufacturing using xylose as the sole carbon source. Overall, this review will give an edge on the bioprocessing of microbial metabolism for the efficient utilization of xylose in the LCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satwika Das
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - T Chandukishore
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Nivedhitha Ulaganathan
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Kawinharsun Dhodduraj
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Sai Susmita Gorantla
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Teena Chandna
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Laxmi Kumari Gupta
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Ansuman Sahoo
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - P V Atheena
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ritu Raval
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - P A Anjana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata DasuVeeranki
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashish A Prabhu
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India.
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Raev SA, Kick MK, Chellis M, Amimo JO, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Producing Bacterial Cocktail Reduces Rotavirus A, B, and C Infection and Disease in Gnotobiotic Piglets. Viruses 2024; 16:660. [PMID: 38793542 PMCID: PMC11125826 DOI: 10.3390/v16050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The suboptimal performance of rotavirus (RV) vaccines in developing countries and in animals necessitates further research on the development of novel therapeutics and control strategies. To initiate infection, RV interacts with cell-surface O-glycans, including histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). We have previously demonstrated that certain non-pathogenic bacteria express HBGA- like substances (HBGA+) capable of binding RV particles in vitro. We hypothesized that HBGA+ bacteria can bind RV particles in the gut lumen protecting against RV species A (RVA), B (RVB), and C (RVC) infection in vivo. In this study, germ-free piglets were colonized with HBGA+ or HBGA- bacterial cocktail and infected with RVA/RVB/RVC of different genotypes. Diarrhea severity, virus shedding, immunoglobulin A (IgA) Ab titers, and cytokine levels were evaluated. Overall, colonization with HBGA+ bacteria resulted in reduced diarrhea severity and virus shedding compared to the HBGA- bacteria. Consistent with our hypothesis, the reduced severity of RV disease and infection was not associated with significant alterations in immune responses. Additionally, colonization with HBGA+ bacteria conferred beneficial effects irrespective of the piglet HBGA phenotype. These findings are the first experimental evidence that probiotic performance in vivo can be improved by including HBGA+ bacteria, providing decoy epitopes for broader/more consistent protection against diverse RVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A. Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.A.R.); (M.K.K.); (M.C.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Maryssa K. Kick
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.A.R.); (M.K.K.); (M.C.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Maria Chellis
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.A.R.); (M.K.K.); (M.C.); (L.J.S.)
| | | | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.A.R.); (M.K.K.); (M.C.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.A.R.); (M.K.K.); (M.C.); (L.J.S.)
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6
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Iddrisu I, Monteagudo-Mera A, Poveda C, Shahzad M, Walton GE, Andrews SC. A review of the effect of iron supplementation on the gut microbiota of children in developing countries and the impact of prebiotics. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38586996 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Iron is essential for many physiological functions of the body, and it is required for normal growth and development. Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common form of micronutrient malnutrition and is particularly prevalent in infants and young children in developing countries. Iron supplementation is considered the most effective strategy to combat the risk of ID and ID anaemia (IDA) in infants, although iron supplements cause a range of deleterious gut-related problems in malnourished children. The purpose of this review is to assess the available evidence on the effect of iron supplementation on the gut microbiota during childhood ID and to further assess whether prebiotics offer any benefits for iron supplementation. Prebiotics are well known to improve gut-microbial health in children, and recent reports indicate that prebiotics can mitigate the adverse gut-related effects of iron supplementation in children with ID and IDA. Thus, provision of prebiotics alongside iron supplements has the potential for an enhanced strategy for combatting ID and IDA among children in the developing world. However, further understanding is required before the benefit of such combined treatments of ID in nutritionally deprived children across populations can be fully confirmed. Such enhanced understanding is of high relevance in resource-poor countries where ID, poor sanitation and hygiene, alongside inadequate access to good drinking water and poor health systems, are serious public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishawu Iddrisu
- Rose Ward, Prospect Park Hospital, Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, RG30 4EJ, UK
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6EX, UK
| | - Andrea Monteagudo-Mera
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Muhammed Shahzad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan
| | - Gemma E Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Simon C Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6EX, UK
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7
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Zwolschen JW, Vos AP, Ariëns RMC, Schols HA. In vitro batch fermentation of (un)saturated homogalacturonan oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121789. [PMID: 38286556 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Pectin, predominantly present within plant cell walls, is a dietary fiber that potentially induces distinct health effects depending on its molecular structure. Such structure-dependent health effects of pectin-derived galacturonic acid oligosaccharides (GalA-OS) are yet largely unknown. This study describes the influence of methyl-esterification and ∆4,5-unsaturation of GalA-OS through defined sets of GalA-OS made from pectin using defined pectinases, on the fermentability by individual fecal inocula. The metabolite production, OS utilization, quantity and size, methyl-esterification and saturation of remaining GalA-OS were monitored during the fermentation of GalA-OS. Fermentation of all GalA-OS predominantly induced the production of acetate, butyrate and propionate. Metabolization of unsaturated GalA-OS (uGalA-OS) significantly increased butyrate formation compared to saturated GalA-OS (satGalA-OS), while satGalA-OS significantly increased propionate formation. Absence of methyl-esters within GalA-OS improved substrate metabolization during the first 18 h of fermentation (99 %) compared to their esterified analogues (51 %). Furthermore, HPAEC and HILIC-LC-MS revealed accumulation of specific methyl-esterified GalA-OS, confirming that methyl-esterification delays fermentation. Fermentation of structurally distinct GalA-OS results in donor specific microbiota composition with uGalA-OS specifically stimulating the butyrate-producer Clostridium Butyricum. This study concludes that GalA-OS fermentation induces highly structure-dependent changes in the gut microbiota, further expanding their potential use as prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Zwolschen
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A P Vos
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R M C Ariëns
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H A Schols
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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8
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Apaza CJ, Días M, García Tejedor A, Boscá L, Laparra Llopis JM. Contribution of Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-like (NOD) Receptors to the Immune and Metabolic Health. Biomedicines 2024; 12:341. [PMID: 38397943 PMCID: PMC10886542 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like (NOD) receptors rely on the interface between immunity and metabolism. Dietary factors constitute critical players in the activation of innate immunity and modulation of the gut microbiota. The latter have been involved in worsening or improving the control and promotion of diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, diseases known as non-communicable metabolic diseases (NCDs), and the risk of developing cancer. Intracellular NODs play key coordinated actions with innate immune 'Toll-like' receptors leading to a diverse array of gene expressions that initiate inflammatory and immune responses. There has been an improvement in the understanding of the molecular and genetic implications of these receptors in, among others, such aspects as resting energy expenditure, insulin resistance, and cell proliferation. Genetic factors and polymorphisms of the receptors are determinants of the risk and severity of NCDs and cancer, and it is conceivable that dietary factors may have significant differential consequences depending on them. Host factors are difficult to influence, while environmental factors are predominant and approachable with a preventive and/or therapeutic intention in obesity, T2D, and cancer. However, beyond the recognition of the activation of NODs by peptidoglycan as its prototypical agonist, the underlying molecular response(s) and its consequences on these diseases remain ill-defined. Metabolic (re)programming is a hallmark of NCDs and cancer in which nutritional strategies might play a key role in preventing the unprecedented expansion of these diseases. A better understanding of the participation and effects of immunonutritional dietary ingredients can boost integrative knowledge fostering interdisciplinary science between nutritional precision and personalized medicine against cancer. This review summarizes the current evidence concerning the relationship(s) and consequences of NODs on immune and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Jeri Apaza
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra Cantoblanco, 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marisol Días
- Center of Biological Enginneering (CEB), Iberian Nantotechnology Laboratory (INL), University of Minho, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Aurora García Tejedor
- Bioactivity and Nutritional Immunology Group (BIOINUT), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Moisés Laparra Llopis
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra Cantoblanco, 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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Cappellucci G, Baini G, Miraldi E, Pauletto L, De Togni H, Raso F, Biagi M. Investigation on the Efficacy of Two Food Supplements Containing a Fixed Combination of Selected Probiotics and β-Glucans or Elderberry Extract for the Immune System: Modulation on Cytokines Expression in Human THP-1 and PBMC. Foods 2024; 13:458. [PMID: 38338593 PMCID: PMC10855234 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Several herbal and other natural products are used as ingredients in food supplements to strengthen immunity even if, very often, marketed products are proposed without a clear rationale or experimental evidence. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect on human monocytes (THP-1) and on ex vivo human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of two formulations, one containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04® with β-glucans (for adults) and one containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 with elderberry extract (for children). We compared formulations with single ingredients, with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the drug pidotimod; cytokines expression level was evaluated testing different concentrations of samples at two exposure times. As expected, LPS caused a non-specific huge upregulation of cytokines expression both in THP-1 and in PBMC, whereas pidotimod mainly upregulated IL-2 in PBMC and IL-8 in THP-1. The two formulations showed a difference between a pro-inflammatory stimulus such as LPS, and also from an immunostimulant drug, such as pidotimod, as they mainly upregulated the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 in PBMC but not in THP-1, in a concentration-dependent mode. Probiotics were shown to play a major role, but β-glucans and elderberry extract exerted a synergistic activity. This work demonstrated that combining selected probiotics with other natural products having immunomodulatory properties is an interesting strategy to develop innovative formulations in the sector of food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cappellucci
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (G.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Giulia Baini
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (G.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Miraldi
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (G.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Lara Pauletto
- Scientific Affairs Department Schwabe Pharma Italia, 39044 Egna, Italy; (L.P.); (H.D.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Heide De Togni
- Scientific Affairs Department Schwabe Pharma Italia, 39044 Egna, Italy; (L.P.); (H.D.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Floriana Raso
- Scientific Affairs Department Schwabe Pharma Italia, 39044 Egna, Italy; (L.P.); (H.D.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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10
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König E, Heponiemi P, Kivinen S, Räkköläinen J, Beasley S, Borman T, Collado MC, Hukkinen V, Junnila J, Lahti L, Norring M, Piirainen V, Salminen S, Heinonen M, Valros A. Fewer culturable Lactobacillaceae species identified in faecal samples of pigs performing manipulative behaviour. Sci Rep 2024; 14:132. [PMID: 38168466 PMCID: PMC10762183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Manipulative behaviour that consists of touching or close contact with ears or tails of pen mates is common in pigs and can become damaging. Manipulative behaviour was analysed from video recordings of 45-day-old pigs, and 15 manipulator-control pairs (n = 30) were formed. Controls neither received nor performed manipulative behaviour. Rectal faecal samples of manipulators and controls were compared. 16S PCR was used to identify Lactobacillaceae species and 16S amplicon sequencing to determine faecal microbiota composition. Seven culturable Lactobacillaceae species were identified in control pigs and four in manipulator pigs. Manipulators (p = 0.02) and females (p = 0.005) expressed higher Lactobacillus amylovorus, and a significant interaction was seen (sex * status: p = 0.005) with this sex difference being more marked in controls. Females (p = 0.08) and manipulator pigs (p = 0.07) tended to express higher total Lactobacillaceae. A tendency for an interaction was seen in Limosilactobacillus reuteri (sex * status: p = 0.09). Results suggest a link between observed low diversity in Lactobacillaceae and the development of manipulative behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia König
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Sanni Kivinen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Shea Beasley
- Vetcare Ltd., 04600, Mäntsälä, Finland
- Sheaps Oy, 03250, Ojakkala, Finland
| | - Tuomas Borman
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vilja Hukkinen
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Marianna Norring
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Piirainen
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Mari Heinonen
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Valros
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Hernández M, Sieger M, Barreto A, Guerrero CA, Ulloa J. Postbiotic Activities of Bifidobacterium adolescentis: Impacts on Viability, Structural Integrity, and Cell Death Markers in Human Intestinal C2BBe1 Cells. Pathogens 2023; 13:17. [PMID: 38251325 PMCID: PMC10818886 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute diarrheal disease (ADD) caused by rotavirus (RV) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. Currently, there are no specific drugs for the treatment of RV infections. Previously, we reported the anti-rotaviral activity of the protein metabolites derived from Bifidobacterium adolescentis. In this study, our aim was to assess the impact of B. adolescentis-secreted proteins (BaSP), with anti-rotaviral activity on the human intestinal C2BBe1 cell line. We initiated the production of BaSP and subsequently confirmed its anti-rotaviral activity by counting the infectious foci using immunocytochemistry. We then exposed the C2BBe1 cells to various concentrations of BaSP (≤250 µg/mL) for 72 h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, cell monolayer integrity was monitored through transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and cytoskeleton architecture and tight junctions (TJs) were examined using confocal microscopy with F-actin and occludin staining. Finally, we utilized a commercial kit to detect markers of apoptosis and necrosis after 24 h of treatment. The results demonstrated that BaSP does not have adverse effects on C2BBe1 cells. These findings confirm that BaSP inhibits rotavirus infectivity and has the potential to strengthen intestinal defense against viral and bacterial infections via the paracellular route.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Hernández
- Laboratorio de Virología, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (M.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Sieger
- Laboratorio de Virología, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (M.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Alfonso Barreto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Carlos A. Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Virus, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111311, Colombia
| | - Juan Ulloa
- Laboratorio de Virología, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (M.H.); (M.S.)
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12
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Lifschitz C, Kozhevnikov O, Oesterling C, Anbar A, Walker S. Acute gastroenteritis-changes to the recommended original oral rehydrating salts: a review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1294490. [PMID: 38192370 PMCID: PMC10773804 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1294490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization recommended a formulation of oral rehydration salts as the intervention of choice for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis. While of value for the replacement of fluids and electrolytes, the formulation does not reduce stool volume, frequency, or symptom duration. This may prevent wide acceptance. To increase tolerability, shorten the duration of diarrhea and improve parental quality of life, several modifications to the original formula have been proposed. These include; low osmolarity, rice-based, glucose polymers as an alternative to glucose, the addition of probiotics, prebiotics and/or zinc, and various other ingredients. Here we summarize evidence regarding such changes and additions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Oesterling
- Eastmead Surgery, Greenford, and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Steven Walker
- St. Gilesmedical (London & Berlin) & University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, Germany
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13
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Li CC, Hsu WF, Chiang PC, Kuo MC, Wo AM, Tseng YJ. Characterization of markers, functional properties, and microbiome composition in human gut-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2288200. [PMID: 38038385 PMCID: PMC10730231 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2288200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Past studies have confirmed the etiologies of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) in various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of stool-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles (stBEVs) and discuss their association with stool bacteria. First, three culture models - gram-positive (G+)BcBEVs (from B.coagulans), gram-negative (G-)EcBEVs (from E.coli), and eukaryotic cell-derived EVs (EEV, from Colo205 cell line) - were used to benchmark various fractions of stEVs separated from optimized density gradient approach (DG). As such, WB, TEM, NTA, and functional assays, were utilized to analyze properties and distribution of EVs in cultured and stool samples. Stool samples from healthy individuals were interrogated using the approaches developed. Results demonstrated successful separation of most stBEVs (within DG fractions 8&9) from stEEVs (within DG fractions 5&6). Data also suggest the presence of stBEV DNA within vesicles after extraction of BEV DNA and DNase treatment. Metagenomic analysis from full-length (FL) region sequencing results confirmed significant differences between stool bacteria and stBEVs. Significantly, F8&9 and the pooled sample (F5-F9) exhibited a similar microbial composition, indicating that F8&9 were enriched in most stBEV species, primarily dominated by Firmicutes (89.6%). However, F5&6 and F7 still held low-density BEVs with a significantly higher proportion of Proteobacteria (20.5% and 40.7%, respectively) and Bacteroidetes (24% and 13.7%, respectively), considerably exceeding the proportions in stool and F8&9. Importantly, among five healthy individuals, significant variations were observed in the gut microbiota composition of their respective stBEVs, indicating the potential of stBEVs as a target for personalized medicine and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chi Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Hsu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of R&D, Reliance Biosciences Inc, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chieh Chiang
- Department of R&D, Reliance Biosciences Inc, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Kuo
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrew M. Wo
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of R&D, Reliance Biosciences Inc, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yufeng Jane Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master’s Program in Smart Medicine and Health Informatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Gilfillan D, Vilander AC, Pan M, Goh YJ, O’Flaherty S, Feng N, Fox BE, Lang C, Greenberg HB, Abdo Z, Barrangou R, Dean GA. Lactobacillus acidophilus Expressing Murine Rotavirus VP8 and Mucosal Adjuvants Induce Virus-Specific Immune Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1774. [PMID: 38140179 PMCID: PMC10747613 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus diarrhea-associated illness remains a major cause of global death in children under five, attributable in part to discrepancies in vaccine performance between high- and low-middle-income countries. Next-generation probiotic vaccines could help bridge this efficacy gap. We developed a novel recombinant Lactobacillus acidophilus (rLA) vaccine expressing rotavirus antigens of the VP8* domain from the rotavirus EDIM VP4 capsid protein along with the adjuvants FimH and FliC. The upp-based counterselective gene-replacement system was used to chromosomally integrate FimH, VP8Pep (10 amino acid epitope), and VP8-1 (206 amino acid protein) into the L. acidophilus genome, with FliC expressed from a plasmid. VP8 antigen and adjuvant expression were confirmed by flow cytometry and Western blot. Rotavirus naïve adult BALB/cJ mice were orally immunized followed by murine rotavirus strain ECWT viral challenge. Antirotavirus serum IgG and antigen-specific antibody-secreting cell responses were detected in rLA-vaccinated mice. A day after the oral rotavirus challenge, fecal antigen shedding was significantly decreased in the rLA group. These results indicate that novel rLA constructs expressing VP8 can be successfully constructed and used to generate modest homotypic protection from rotavirus challenge in an adult murine model, indicating the potential for a probiotic next-generation vaccine construct against human rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby Gilfillan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.G.); (A.C.V.); (B.E.F.); (C.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Allison C. Vilander
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.G.); (A.C.V.); (B.E.F.); (C.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Meichen Pan
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (M.P.); (Y.J.G.); (S.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Yong Jun Goh
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (M.P.); (Y.J.G.); (S.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Sarah O’Flaherty
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (M.P.); (Y.J.G.); (S.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Ningguo Feng
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (H.B.G.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Bridget E. Fox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.G.); (A.C.V.); (B.E.F.); (C.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Callie Lang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.G.); (A.C.V.); (B.E.F.); (C.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Harry B. Greenberg
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (H.B.G.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.G.); (A.C.V.); (B.E.F.); (C.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Rodolphe Barrangou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (M.P.); (Y.J.G.); (S.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Gregg A. Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.G.); (A.C.V.); (B.E.F.); (C.L.); (Z.A.)
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15
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Monga N, Sharma S, Bhatia R, Bishnoi M, Kiran Kondepudi K, Naura AS. Immunomodulatory action of synbiotic comprising of newly isolated lactic acid producing bacterial strains against allergic asthma in mice. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104786. [PMID: 37984277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Given the reported role of gut-microbiota in asthma pathogenesis, the present work was carried to evaluate immunomodulatory action of newly isolated lactic acid producing bacterial strains Bifidobacterium breve Bif11 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LAB31 against asthma using ovalbumin (OVA) based mouse model. Our results show that both strains modulate Th2 immune response potentially through production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), resulting in suppression of OVA-induced airway inflammation. Furthermore, synbiotic comprising of both strains and prebiotic, Isomaltooligosaccharide exhibited superior potential in amelioration of OVA-induced airway inflammation through improved modulation of Th2 immune response. Further, synbiotic protects against OVA-induced mucus hyper-production and airway-hyperresponsiveness. Such protection was associated with normalization of gut microbiome and enhanced production of SCFAs in cecum which correlates closely with population of T-regulatory cells in spleen. Overall, our novel synbiotic possesses the ability to fine-tune the immune response for providing protection against allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Monga
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ruchika Bhatia
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Adjunct Faculty, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Adjunct Faculty, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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16
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Koshida A, Karashima S, Ogura K, Miyajima Y, Ogai K, Mizoguchi R, Ikagawa Y, Hara S, Mizushima I, Fujii H, Kawano M, Tsujiguchi H, Hara A, Nakamura H, Okamoto S. Impact of gut microbiome on serum IgG4 levels in the general population: Shika-machi super preventive health examination results. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1272398. [PMID: 37908763 PMCID: PMC10613983 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1272398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) is a member of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass, a protein involved in immunity to pathogens and the body's resistance system. IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) are intractable diseases in which IgG4 levels in the blood are elevated, causing inflammation in organs such as the liver, pancreas, and salivary glands. IgG4-RD are known to be more prevalent in males than in females, but the etiology remains to be elucidated. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and serum IgG4 levels in the general population. Methods In this study, the relationship between IgG4 levels and GM evaluated in male and female groups of the general population using causal inference. The study included 191 men and 207 women aged 40 years or older from Shika-machi, Ishikawa. GM DNA was analyzed for the 16S rRNA gene sequence using next-generation sequencing. Participants were bifurcated into high and low IgG4 groups, depending on median serum IgG4 levels. Results ANCOVA, Tukey's HSD, linear discriminant analysis effect size, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression model, and correlation analysis revealed that Anaerostipes, Lachnospiraceae, Megasphaera, and [Eubacterium] hallii group were associated with IgG4 levels in women, while Megasphaera, [Eubacterium] hallii group, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus.1, and Romboutsia were associated with IgG4 levels in men. Linear non-Gaussian acyclic model indicated three genera, Megasphaera, [Eubacterium] hallii group, and Anaerostipes, and showed a presumed causal association with IgG4 levels in women. Discussion This differential impact of the GM on IgG4 levels based on sex is a novel and intriguing finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Koshida
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Karashima
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogura
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuna Miyajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogai
- Department of Bio-engineering Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Ren Mizoguchi
- Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ikagawa
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mizushima
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tsujiguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Hara
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Okamoto
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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17
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Di Lauro M, Guerriero C, Cornali K, Albanese M, Costacurta M, Mercuri NB, Di Daniele N, Noce A. Linking Migraine to Gut Dysbiosis and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4327. [PMID: 37892403 PMCID: PMC10609600 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the world, migraine is one of the most common causes of disability in adults. To date, there is no a single cause for this disorder, but rather a set of physio-pathogenic triggers in combination with a genetic predisposition. Among the factors related to migraine onset, a crucial role seems to be played by gut dysbiosis. In fact, it has been demonstrated how the intestine is able to modulate the central nervous system activities, through the gut-brain axis, and how gut dysbiosis can influence neurological pathologies, including migraine attacks. In this context, in addition to conventional pharmacological treatments for migraine, attention has been paid to an adjuvant therapeutic strategy based on different nutritional approaches and lifestyle changes able to positively modulate the gut microbiota composition. In fact, the restoration of the balance between the different gut bacterial species, the reconstruction of the gut barrier integrity, and the control of the release of gut-derived inflammatory neuropeptides, obtained through specific nutritional patterns and lifestyle changes, represent a possible beneficial additive therapy for many migraine subtypes. Herein, this review explores the bi-directional correlation between migraine and the main chronic non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, obesity, cancer, and chronic kidney diseases, whose link is represented by gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Di Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Cristina Guerriero
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Kevin Cornali
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Maria Albanese
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
- Neurology Unit, Headache Center, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Micaela Costacurta
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy;
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
- Neurology Unit, Headache Center, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
- Fondazione Leonardo per le Scienze Mediche Onlus, Policlinico Abano, 35031 Abano Terme, PD, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
- UOSD Nephrology and Dialysis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy
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18
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Singh SV, Ganguly R, Jaiswal K, Yadav AK, Kumar R, Pandey AK. Molecular signalling during cross talk between gut brain axis regulation and progression of irritable bowel syndrome: A comprehensive review. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:4458-4476. [PMID: 37469740 PMCID: PMC10353503 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i19.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder which alters gastrointestinal (GI) functions, thus leading to compromised health status. Pathophysiology of IBS is not fully understood, whereas abnormal gut brain axis (GBA) has been identified as a major etiological factor. Recent studies are suggestive for visceral hyper-sensitivity, altered gut motility and dysfunctional autonomous nervous system as the main clinical abnormalities in IBS patients. Bidirectional signalling interactions among these abnormalities are derived through various exogenous and endogenous factors, such as microbiota population and diversity, microbial metabolites, dietary uptake, and psychological abnormalities. Strategic efforts focused to study these interactions including probiotics, antibiotics and fecal transplantations in normal and germ-free animals are clearly suggestive for the pivotal role of gut microbiota in IBS etiology. Additionally, neurotransmitters act as communication tools between enteric microbiota and brain functions, where serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) plays a key role in pathophysiology of IBS. It regulates GI motility, pain sense and inflammatory responses particular to mucosal and brain activity. In the absence of a better understanding of various interconnected crosstalks in GBA, more scientific efforts are required in the search of novel and targeted therapies for the management of IBS. In this review, we have summarized the gut microbial composition, interconnected signalling pathways and their regulators, available therapeutics, and the gaps needed to fill for a better management of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Vardan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kritika Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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19
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Wang J, Zhang X, Yang X, Yu H, Bu M, Fu J, Zhang Z, Xu H, Hu J, Lu J, Zhang H, Zhai Z, Yang W, Wu X, Wang Y, Tong Q. Revitalizing myocarditis treatment through gut microbiota modulation: unveiling a promising therapeutic avenue. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1191936. [PMID: 37260696 PMCID: PMC10229058 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1191936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota plays an important role in the development and treatment of different cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, evidence from recent studies has shown that gut microbiota contributes to the development of myocarditis. Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease that often results in myocardial damage. Myocarditis is a common cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults. The incidence of myocarditis and its associated dilated cardiomyopathy has been increasing yearly. Myocarditis has gained significant attention on social media due to its association with both COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations. However, the current therapeutic options for myocarditis are limited. In addition, little is known about the potential therapeutic targets of myocarditis. In this study, we review (1) the evidence on the gut-heart axis, (2) the crosslink between gut microbiota and the immune system, (3) the association between myocarditis and the immune system, (4) the impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on myocarditis, (5) current strategies for modulating gut microbiota, (6) challenges and future directions for targeted gut microbiota in the treatment of myocarditis. The approach of targeting the gut microbiota in myocarditis is still in its infancy, and this is the study to explore the gut microbiota-immune system-myocarditis axis. Our findings are expected to pave the way for the use of gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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Romero-Arguelles R, Tamez-Guerra P, González-Ochoa G, Romo-Sáenz CI, Gomez-Flores R, Flores-Mendoza L, Aros-Uzarraga E. Bifidobacterium longum and Chlorella sorokiniana Improve the IFN Type I-Mediated Antiviral Response in Rotavirus-Infected Cells. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1237. [PMID: 37317211 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are effective to treat or prevent gastrointestinal infections, and microalgae have demonstrated important health-promoting effects and in some cases function as prebiotics. In this regard, the anti-rotavirus effect of Bifidobacterium longum and Chlorella sorokiniana by reducing viral infectivity is well known. However, their effect on immune response against rotavirus has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of Bifidobacterium longum and/or Chlorella sorokiniana in influencing an IFN type I-mediated antiviral response in rotavirus-infected cells. In pre-infection experiments, HT-29 cells were treated with B. longum and C. sorokiniana alone or in combination, followed by rotavirus infection, whereas in post-infection assays, HT-29 cells were treated after infection. The cells' mRNA was then purified to determine the relative expression level of IFN-α, IFN-β, and precursors of interferons such as RIG-I, IRF-3, and IRF-5 by qPCR. We showed that combination of B. longum and C. sorokiniana significantly increased IFN-α levels in pre-infection and IFN-β in post-infection assays, as compared with individual effects. Results indicate that B. longum, C. sorokiniana, or their combination improve cellular antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Romero-Arguelles
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe González-Ochoa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Navojoa 85880, Mexico
| | - César I Romo-Sáenz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Lilian Flores-Mendoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Navojoa 85880, Mexico
| | - Elizama Aros-Uzarraga
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Navojoa 85880, Mexico
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21
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Wang Y, Liu X, Jia H, Zhang R, Guan J, Zhang L. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals probiotic effects on cecal metabolism in broilers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2876-2888. [PMID: 36519671 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics play an important role in the host and have attracted widespread attention as an alternative to antibiotics. Arbor Acres broilers were used in the present experiment and fed different doses of compound probiotics at 1, 5, and 10 g kg-1 . The effects of compound probiotics on broiler growth performance and cecal transcriptome and metabolome were investigated. RESULTS We discovered 425 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; upregulated: 256; downregulated: 169) in the cecal transcriptome study. These DEGs were assigned to fat metabolic pathways, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, according to KEGG analysis. Probiotics downregulated LPL and upregulated PPARα expression in the cecum. In metabolome analysis of the cecum of cecum, we screened 86 differential metabolites and performed KEGG enrichment analysis of these metabolites. The KEGG analysis showed that these differentially expressed metabolites were annotated to nucleotide metabolism-related pathways, such as purine metabolism. In the cecum, probiotics upregulated the content of guanine, AMP, 3'-AMP, adenylosuccinate, deoxyguanosine, and ADP-ribose, whereas they downregulated the content of 5-hydroxyisourate. Comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways were jointly enriched in cecum of broilers fed a probiotic-containing diet. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable information for studying the regulation and gene metabolism network of probiotics on cecal metabolism in broilers. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jiawei Guan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Lihuan Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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22
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Kashima T, Ishiwata A, Fujita K, Fushinobu S. Identification and structural basis of an enzyme that degrades oligosaccharides in caramel. Biophys Physicobiol 2023; 20:e200017. [PMID: 38496246 PMCID: PMC10941961 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v20.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooking with fire produces foods containing carbohydrates that are not naturally occurring, such as α-d-fructofuranoside found in caramel. Each of the hundreds of compounds produced by caramelization reactions is considered to possess its own characteristics. Various studies from the viewpoints of biology and biochemistry have been conducted to elucidate some of the scientific characteristics. Here, we review the composition of caramelized sugars and then describe the enzymatic studies that have been conducted and the physiological functions of the caramelized sugar components that have been elucidated. In particular, we recently identified a glycoside hydrolase (GH), GH172 difructose dianhydride I synthase/hydrolase (αFFase1), from oral and intestinal bacteria, which is implicated in the degradation of oligosaccharides in caramel. The structural basis of αFFase1 and its ligands provided many insights. This discovery opened the door to several research fields, including the structural and phylogenetic relationship between the GH172 family enzymes and viral capsid proteins and the degradation of cell membrane glycans of acid-fast bacteria by some αFFase1 homologs. This review article is an extended version of the Japanese article, Identification and Structural Basis of an Enzyme Degrading Oligosaccharides in Caramel, published in SEIBUTSU BUTSURI Vol. 62, p. 184-186 (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toma Kashima
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishiwata
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Fujita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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23
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Toumi E, Mezouar S, Plauzolles A, Chiche L, Bardin N, Halfon P, Mege JL. Gut microbiota in SLE: from animal models to clinical evidence and pharmacological perspectives. Lupus Sci Med 2023; 10:10/1/e000776. [PMID: 36813473 PMCID: PMC9950977 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease driven by complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors. SLE is characterised by breaking self-immune tolerance and autoantibody production that triggers inflammation and damage of multiple organs. Given the highly heterogeneous nature of SLE, the treatments currently used are still not satisfactory with considerable side effects, and the development of new therapies is a major health issue for better patient management. In this context, mouse models significantly contribute to our knowledge of the pathogenesis of SLE and are an invaluable tool for testing novel therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss the role of the most used SLE mouse models and their contribution to therapeutic improvement. Considering the complexity of developing targeted therapies for SLE, adjuvant therapies are also increasingly proposed. Indeed, murine and human studies have recently revealed that gut microbiota is a potential target and holds great promises for successful new SLE therapies. However, the mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis in SLE remain unclear to date. In this review, we propose an inventory of existing studies investigating the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and SLE to establish microbiome signature that may serve as a potential biomarker of the disease and its severity as well as a new potential therapy target. This approach may open new possibilities for early diagnosis, prevention and therapeutic perspectives of SLE based on gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Toumi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France .,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,R&D Department, Laboratoire Alphabio, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Univ, EFS, CNRS, ADES, 'Biologie des Groupes Sanguins', Marseille, France
| | | | - Laurent Chiche
- Infectious and Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Européen Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Bardin
- Immunology Department, Hopital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Halfon
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France,R&D Department, Laboratoire Alphabio, Marseille, France,Infectious and Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Européen Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France,Immunology Department, Hopital de la Conception, Marseille, France
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24
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Anti-rotavirus Properties and Mechanisms of Selected Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Probiotics on Polarized Human Colonic (HT-29) Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:107-128. [PMID: 35034323 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics have been investigated to improve the universal rotavirus (RV) vaccination as well as to ameliorate the RV infection. However, underlying mechanisms how probiotics mediate beneficial effects needs more investigation. Thus, in the present study, we used polarized HT-29 cells to assess the anti-RV properties of Gram-positive, (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, and Bifidobacterium subsp. Lactis Bb12) and Gram negative, (Escherichia coli Nissle 1917) probiotics and study their underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that pre-treatment of HT-29 cells for 4 h with probiotics, significantly reduced (p < 0.05) human RV replication and this effect was most pronounced for E. coli Nissle followed by L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus GG. Strikingly, only pre-treatment with live bacteria or their supernatants demonstrated anti-RV properties. Except Gram negative E. coli Nissle, the Gram-positive probiotics tested did not bind to RV. Ingenuity pathway analysis of tight junction (TJ)- and innate immune-associated genes indicated that E. coli Nissle or E. coli Nissle + RV treatments improved cell-cell adhesion and cell contact, while L. acidophilus or L. acidophilus + RV treatments also activated cell-cell contact but inhibited cell movement functions. RV alone inhibited migration of cells event. Additionally, E. coli Nissle activated pathways such as the innate immune and inflammatory responses via production of TNF, while RV infection activated NK cells and inflammatory responses. In conclusion, E. coli Nissle's ability to bind RV, modulate expression of TJ events, innate immune and inflammatory responses, via specific upstream regulators may explain superior anti-RV properties of E. coli Nissle. Therefore, prophylactic use of E. coli Nissle might help to reduce the RV disease burden in infants in endemic areas.
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25
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Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 5 1A Attenuates Signs of Inflammation in a Murine Model of Food Allergy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:63-73. [PMID: 34558015 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is a pathological condition that can lead to hives, swelling, gastrointestinal distress, cardiovascular and respiratory compromise, and even anaphylaxis. The lack of treatment resources emphasizes the necessity for new therapeutic strategies, and in this way, probiotics has been pointed out as an alternative, especially because of its immunomodulatory properties. The goal of this study was to evaluate the probiotic effect of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 51A (BL51A) in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA) food allergy, as well as to investigate the effect of the dose and viability of the bacteria on the proposed model. For this purpose, the probiotic effect was assessed by clinical, immunological, and histological parameters in mice treated or not with the BL51A and sensitized or not with OVA. Oral administration of BL51A prevented weight loss and reduced serum levels of IgE anti-OVA and of sIgA in the intestinal fluid. Also, it reduced the intestinal permeability, proximal jejunum damage, recruitment of eosinophils and neutrophils, and levels of eotaxin-1, CXCL1/KC, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL13, and TNF. Furthermore, the treatment was able to increase the levels of IL10. Investigating different doses administered, the level of 108 CFU showed the best results in terms of protective effect. In addition, the administration of the inactivated bacteria did not present any beneficial effect. Results demonstrate that BL51A promotes a systemic immunomodulatory protective effect in a murine model of food allergy that depends on the dose and viability of the bacteria, suggesting its use as probiotic in such disease.
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26
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Xu X, Liu W, Niu H, Hua M, Su Y, Miao X, Chi Y, Xu H, Wang J, Sun M, Li D. Study on the fermentation effect of Rhodotorula glutinis utilizing tofu whey wastewater and the influence of Rhodotorula glutinis on laying hens. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1125720. [PMID: 36908914 PMCID: PMC9998534 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1125720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tofu whey wastewater (TWW) is the wastewater of tofu processing, which is rich in a variety of nutrients. Rhodotorula glutinis can make full use of TWW to ferment and reproduce yeast cells, produce carotenoids and other nutrients, improve the utilization value of TWW, and reduce environmental pollution and resource waste. Methods In this study, the nutrient composition changes of TWW treated by Rhodotorula glutinis were analyzed to reformulate TWW medium, and the optimal composition and proportion of TWW medium that can improve the biomass and carotenoids production of Rhodotorula glutinis were explored. Meanwhile, the Rhodotorula glutinis liquid obtained under these conditions was used to prepare biological feed for laying hens, and the effect of Rhodotorula glutinis growing on TWW as substrate on laying performance and egg quality of laying hens were verified. Results The results showed that the zinc content of TWW after Rhodotorula glutinis fermentation increased by 62.30%, the phosphorus content decreased by 42.31%, and the contents of vitamin B1, B2 and B6 increased to varying degrees. The optimal fermentation conditions of Rhodotorula glutinis in the TWW medium were as follow: the initial pH was 6.40, the amount of soybean oil, glucose and zinc ions was 0.80 ml/L, 16.32 g/L, and 20.52 mg/L, respectively. Under this condition, the biomass of Rhodotorula glutinis reached 2.23 g/L, the carotenoids production was 832.86 μg/g, and the number of effective viable yeast count was 7.08 × 107 cfu/ml. In addition, the laying performance and egg quality of laying hens fed Rhodotorula glutinis biological feed were improved. Discussion In this study, we analyzed the composition changes of TWW, optimized the fermentation conditions of Rhodotorula glutinis in TWW medium, explored the influence of Rhodotorula glutinis utilizing TWW on laying layers, and provided a new idea for the efficient utilization of TWW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifei Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Institute of Agro-product Process, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Institute of Agro-product Process, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China.,Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Honghong Niu
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Institute of Agro-product Process, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Mei Hua
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Institute of Agro-product Process, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Su
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Institute of Agro-product Process, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Miao
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Institute of Agro-product Process, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Yanping Chi
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Institute of Agro-product Process, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Institute of Agro-product Process, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Mubai Sun
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Institute of Agro-product Process, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Da Li
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Institute of Agro-product Process, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
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27
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Probiotics and Postbiotics as the Functional Food Components Affecting the Immune Response. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010104. [PMID: 36677396 PMCID: PMC9862734 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The food market is one of the most innovative segments of the world economy. Recently, among consumers there is a forming trend of a healthier lifestyle and interest in functional foods. Products with positive health properties are a good source of nutrients for consumers' nutritional needs and reduce the risk of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, or obesity. They also seem to boost the immune system. One of the types of functional food is "probiotic products", which contain viable microorganisms with beneficial health properties. However, due to some technical difficulties in their development and marketing, a new alternative has started to be sought. Many scientific studies also point to the possibility of positive effects on human health, the so-called "postbiotics", the characteristic metabolites of the microbiome. Both immunobiotics and post-immunobiotics are the food components that affect the immune response in two ways: as inhibition (suppressing allergies and inflammation) or as an enhancement (providing host defenses against infection). This work's aim was to conduct a literature review of the possibilities of using probiotics and postbiotics as the functional food components affecting the immune response, with an emphasis on the most recently published works.
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28
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Deng Z, Dai J, Wei Y, Ma Y, Mao Y, Zhang J, Hua W, Wang H. Comparison between Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and LuxS-deficient strain in regulating gut barrier function and inflammation in early-weaned piglets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1080789. [PMID: 36569920 PMCID: PMC9773554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1080789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early weaning-induced stress impairs the intestinal barrier function and adversely affects the health of piglet. Probiotics can be used to prevent and treat various intestinal diseases. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) has an LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing (QS) system that senses environmental changes through chemical signaling molecules. The aim of the study was to explore whether luxS mutant affects the protective role of LGG in the gut barrier of weaned piglets by comparing the luxS mutant (ΔluxS) with its wild-type (WT). Methods Newborn piglets were orally administered with WT and ΔluxS at dosage of 109 CFU, respectively. Accordingly, newborn piglets in the Con group were orally administered with PBS. Piglets were weaned on day 21 and euthanized on day 24, three days following weaning. Results Supplementation of ΔluxS in advance significantly boosted the relative abundances of healthy microbes (including Catenibacterium, Eubacterium, Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium). WT and ΔluxS maintain intestinal barrier function mainly by promoting intestinal villus to crypt ratio (VCR), occludin protein expression and mucus secretion (P<0.05). Furthermore, LGG reduces pro-inflammatory mediators by inhibiting TLR4 and MAPK signal transduction (P<0.05). Conclusion Both WT and ΔluxS were shown to resist weaning stress by enhancing the intestinal barrier function of piglets. It has to be said that the ability of ΔluxS to maintain intestinal tissue morphology and promote mucus secretion significantly decreased compared with that of WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxi Deng
- Experimental Livestock Farm of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China,College of Animal Science, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Laboratory Animal Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyan Dai
- College of Animal Science, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusen Wei
- College of Animal Science, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Ma
- College of Animal Science, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Mao
- College of Animal Science, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Hua
- Experimental Livestock Farm of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weidong Hua, ; Haifeng Wang,
| | - Haifeng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weidong Hua, ; Haifeng Wang,
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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 Against Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Identification of Novel Probiotic-Derived Bioactive Peptides. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:1012-1028. [PMID: 34458959 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), an extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), causes colibacillosis in poultry and is also a potential foodborne zoonotic pathogen. Currently, APEC infections in poultry are controlled by antibiotic medication; however, the emergence of multi-drug-resistant APEC strains and increased restrictions on the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals necessitate the development of new antibiotic alternative therapies. Here, we tested the anti-APEC activity of multiple commensal and probiotic bacteria in an agar-well diffusion assay and identified Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 producing strong zone of inhibition against APEC. In co-culture assay, L. rhamnosus GG and B. lactis Bb12 completely inhibited the APEC growth by 24 h. Further investigation revealed that antibacterial product(s) in the culture supernatants of L. rhamnosus GG and B. lactis Bb12 were responsible for the anti-APEC activity. The analysis of culture supernatants using LC-MS/MS identified multiple novel bioactive peptides (VQAAQAGDTKPIEV, AFDNTDTSLDSTFKSA, VTDTSGKAGTTKISNV, and AESSDTNLVNAKAA) in addition to the production of lactic acid. The oral administration (108 CFU/chicken) of L. rhamnosus GG significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the colonization (~ 1.6 logs) of APEC in the cecum of chickens. Cecal microbiota analysis revealed that L. rhamnosus GG moderated the APEC-induced alterations of the microbial community in the cecum of chickens. Further, L. rhamnosus GG decreased (P < 0.05) the abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, particularly those belonging to Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia-Shigella) family. These studies indicate that L. rhamnosus GG is a promising probiotic to control APEC infections in chickens. Further studies are needed to optimize the delivery of L. rhamnosus GG in feed or water and in conditions simulating the field to facilitate its development for commercial applications.
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Lactic Acid Bacteria as Mucosal Immunity Enhancers and Antivirals through Oral Delivery. Appl Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol2040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal vaccination offer an advantage over systemic inoculation from the immunological viewpoint. The development of an efficient vaccine is now a priority for emerging diseases such as COVID-19, that was declared a pandemic in 2020 and caused millions of deaths globally. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) especially Lactobacillus are the vital microbiota of the gut, which is observed as having valuable effects on animals’ and human health. LAB produce lactic acid as the major by-product of carbohydrate degradation and play a significant role in innate immunity enhancement. LAB have significant characteristics to mimic pathogen infections and intrinsically possess adjuvant properties to enhance mucosal immunity. Increasing demand and deliberations are being substantially focused on probiotic organisms that can enhance mucosal immunity against viral diseases. LAB can also strengthen their host’s antiviral defense system by producing antiviral peptides, and releasing metabolites that prevent viral infections and adhesion to mucosal surfaces. From the perspectives of “one health” and the use of probiotics, conventional belief has opened up a new horizon on the use of LAB as antivirals. The major interest of this review is to depict the beneficial use of LAB as antivirals and mucosal immunity enhancers against viral diseases.
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Teo WZ, See JY, Ramazanu S, Chan JCY, Wu XV. Effect of lactic acid fermented foods on glycemic control in diabetic adults: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2863-2878. [PMID: 36178255 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2128032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermented foods are reported to have potential in managing glycemic control. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of LAB-fermented foods on improving glycemic control in adults with prediabetics or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on LAB fermentation-related foods were searched on PubMed, Cochrane, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science. Sixteen RCTs were included, and the results concluded LAB-fermented food had significant effects in HbA1c (Z = 6.24, MD = -0.05, CI: -0.07 to -0.04, p ≤ 0.00001), fasting plasma glucose (Z = 2.50, MD = -0.16, CI: -0.29 to -0.04, p = 0.01) and fasting serum insulin (Z = 2.51, MD = -0.20, CI: -0.35 to -0.04, p = 0.01). There were significant effects on lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and body mass index in secondary analyses. Subgroup analysis suggests LAB-fermented consumption with a longer duration, younger age group and adults with T2DM, had a larger effect size. Clinicians could offer LAB-fermented food as dietary recommendations for prediabetic and diabetic adults. Larger trials are warranted to verify LAB-fermented food benefits on glycemic control. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42022295220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou Teo
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Yang See
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena Ramazanu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Chun Yip Chan
- PBTK and Exposomics Platform, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Skin Omics Platform Lead, A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xi Vivien Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUSMED Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Gholami A, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Ghasemi Y, Koohpeyma F, Talezadeh P, Montazeri-Najafabady N. The ameliorative role of specific probiotic combinations on bone loss in the ovariectomized rat model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:241. [PMID: 36115982 PMCID: PMC9482298 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Osteoporosis, a skeletal disease described by impaired bone strength, cause an increased risk of fractures. We aimed in this study to clarify which particular wise combination of probiotics has the most beneficial effect in the rat model of osteoporosis.
Methods
Sixty-three mature female Sprague Dawley rats (12–14 weeks old, weight 200 ± 20 g) were ovariectomized and then divided into nine random groups, each group consisting of 7 rats. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from traditional fermented yogurt on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. Seven combinations of probiotics, each containing three probiotic strains, were designed and administered (1 × 10 9 CFU / ml/strain daily along with their water) to treat ovariectomized rats. The period from ovariectomy to eutanásia was 3 months. For evaluating femur, spine, and tibia, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC), Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were performed. Also, effect of probiotic combinations was assessed on biochemical markers including vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase in serum.
Results
Combination NO 4, containing L. acidophilus, B. longum, and L. reuteri, is the most influential group on global, spine, and femur BMD. Combination NO 3, containing L. acidophilus, L. casei, and L. reuteri, also significantly affects the BMD of the tibia among the treatment group. We found that the combination NO 4 had the most significant ameliorative effect on global BMC. Also, combination NO 1 (comprising L. acidophilus, L. casei, and B. longum), NO 6 (containing L. casei, B. longum, and Bacillus coagulans), NO 7 (containing L. casei, L. reuteri, and B. longum), and NO 4 had the most considerable raising effect on spine BMC. In addition, the serum calcium and Vitamin D concentration in the groups NO 4, 6, and 7 were significantly higher than in OVX groups, whereas the alkaline phosphatase concentration was considerably reduced in these groups.
Conclusion
Among nine effective probiotics, a combination containing L. acidophilus, B. longum, and L. reuteri is the most influential group in ovariectomized osteoporotic rat.
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Probiotication of Nutritious Fruit and Vegetable Juices: An Alternative to Dairy-Based Probiotic Functional Products. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173457. [PMID: 36079714 PMCID: PMC9459872 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are widely known to be rich in nutrients, antioxidants, vitamins, dietary fiber, minerals, and a bioactive molecule, making them an essential component of a balanced diet with multiple documented positive effects on human health. The probiotication of plant-based juices for the production of functional and nutraceutical food serves as a healthy alternative to dairy probiotics. They are cholesterol free, lack several dairy allergens, and also encourage ingestion for people with lactose intolerance. This review highlights valuable claims regarding the efficacy of different probiotic strains on various diseases. A comprehensive nutrition comparison and the preference of plant-based over dairy probiotic drinks is also discussed, supported with updated market trends of probiotic drinks (dairy and non-dairy based). An extensive compilation of current plant-based probiotic drinks that are available in markets around the world is listed as a reference. The fermentability of carbon sources by probiotic microorganisms is crucial in addressing the development of plant-based drinks. Therefore, the pathway involved in metabolism of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and galactose in fruit and vegetable juice was also underlined. Finally, the key factors in monitoring the quality of probiotic products such as total soluble solids, sugar consumption, titratable acidity, pH, and stability at low storage temperatures were outlined.
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Onisiforou A, Spyrou GM. Immunomodulatory effects of microbiota-derived metabolites at the crossroad of neurodegenerative diseases and viral infection: network-based bioinformatics insights. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843128. [PMID: 35928817 PMCID: PMC9344014 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional cross-talk between commensal microbiota and the immune system is essential for the regulation of immune responses and the formation of immunological memory. Perturbations of microbiome-immune system interactions can lead to dysregulated immune responses against invading pathogens and/or to the loss of self-tolerance, leading to systemic inflammation and genesis of several immune-mediated pathologies, including neurodegeneration. In this paper, we first investigated the contribution of the immunomodulatory effects of microbiota (bacteria and fungi) in shaping immune responses and influencing the formation of immunological memory cells using a network-based bioinformatics approach. In addition, we investigated the possible role of microbiota-host-immune system interactions and of microbiota-virus interactions in a group of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs): Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our analysis highlighted various aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response systems that can be modulated by microbiota, including the activation and maturation of microglia which are implicated in the development of NDs. It also led to the identification of specific microbiota components which might be able to influence immune system processes (ISPs) involved in the pathogenesis of NDs. In addition, it indicated that the impact of microbiota-derived metabolites in influencing disease-associated ISPs, is higher in MS disease, than in AD, PD and ALS suggesting a more important role of microbiota mediated-immune effects in MS.
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Effect of probiotic bacteria on porcine rotavirus OSU infection of porcine intestinal epithelial IPEC-J2 cells. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1999-2010. [PMID: 35794494 PMCID: PMC9402510 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus infections in nursing or post-weaning piglets are known to cause diarrhea, which can lead to commercial losses. Probiotic supplementation is used as a prophylactic or therapeutic approach to dealing with microbial infections in humans and animals. To evaluate the effect of probiotic bacteria on porcine rotavirus infections, non-transformed porcine intestinal epithelial IPEC-J2 cells were used as an in vitro model, and three different procedures were tested. When cells were exposed to seven probiotics at concentrations of 105, 106, or 107 CFU/mL for 16 h and removed before rotavirus challenge, infection reduction rates determined by flow cytometry were as follows: 15% (106) and 18% (105) for Bifidobacterium longum R0175, 15% (107) and 16% (106) for B. animalis lactis A026, and 15% (105) for Lactobacillus plantarum 299V. When cells were exposed to three selected probiotic strains for 1 h at higher concentrations, that is, 108 and 5 × 108 CFU/mL, before infection with rotavirus, no significant reduction was observed. When the probiotic bacteria were incubated with the virus before cell infection, a significant 14% decrease in the infection rate was observed for B. longum R0175. The results obtained using a cell-probiotics-virus platform combined with flow cytometry analysis suggest that probiotic bacteria can have a protective effect on IPEC-J2 cells before infection and can also prevent rotavirus infection of the cells.
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Diamond L, Wine R, Morris SK. Impact of intrapartum antibiotics on the infant gastrointestinal microbiome: a narrative review. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:627-634. [PMID: 34716171 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition of the infant gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome has been linked to adverse long-term health outcomes and neonatal sepsis. Several factors are known to impact the composition of the microbiome, including mode of delivery, gestational age, feeding method and exposure to antibiotics. The impact of intrapartum antibiotics (IPAs) on the infant microbiome requires further research. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the impact of IPAs on the infant GI microbiome. METHODS We searched Ovid MEDLINE and Embase Classic+Embase for articles in English reporting on the microbiome of infants exposed to IPAs from the date of inception to 3 January 2021. Primary outcomes included abundance and colonisation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, as well as alpha and beta diversity. RESULTS 30 papers were included in this review. In the first year of life, following exposure to IPAs, 30% (6/20) of infant cohorts displayed significantly reduced Bifidobacterium, 89% (17/19) did not display any significant differences in Lactobacillus colonisation, 21% (7/34) displayed significantly reduced alpha diversity and 35% (12/34) displayed alterations in beta diversity. Results were further stratified by delivery, gestational age (preterm or full term) and feeding method. CONCLUSIONS IPAs impact the composition of the infant GI microbiome, resulting in possible reductions Bifidobacterium and alpha diversity, and possible alterations in beta diversity. Our findings may have implications for maternal and neonatal health, including interventions to prevent reductions in health-promoting bacteria (eg, probiotics) and IPA class selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Diamond
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Wine
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaun K Morris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Montazeri-Najafabady N, Kazemi K, Gholami A. Recent advances in antiviral effects of probiotics: potential mechanism study in prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022; 77:3211-3228. [PMID: 35789756 PMCID: PMC9244507 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), progressively extended worldwide countries on an epidemic scale. Along with all the drug treatments suggested to date, currently, there are no approved management protocols and treatment regimens for SARS-CoV-2. The unavailability of optimal medication and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 indicates the requirement for alternative therapies. Probiotics are living organisms that deliberate beneficial effects on the host when used sufficiently and in adequate amounts, and fermented food is their rich source. Probiotics affect viruses by antiviral mechanisms and reduce diarrhea and respiratory tract infection. At this point, we comprehensively evaluated the antiviral effects of probiotics and their mechanism with a particular focus on SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we suggested the conceptual and potential mechanisms of probiotics by which they could exhibit antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, according to the previous evidence concerning the mechanism of antiviral effects of probiotics. This study reviewed recent studies that speculate about the role of probiotics in the prevention of the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm through the mechanisms such as induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6), inhibition of JAK signaling pathway, and act as HDAC inhibitor. Also, the recent clinical trials and their outcome have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Montazeri-Najafabady
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Kazemi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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El-Sabbagh AM, Zaki MES, Motawea MM, Alkasaby NM. Molecular Study of Lactobacilli Species in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Open Microbiol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742858-v16-e2205090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies due to disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. Egypt is among the top 10 countries with a high prevalence of T2DM (15.56% of adults). There are studies that show a link between the diversity of the gut microbiota and the development of T2DM. There are species of Lactobacilli that inhabit the gut that might differ in patients with T2DM compared to healthy subjects.
Objective:
The aim of the present research is to study the presence of Lactobacilli species in gut microbiota by multiplex PCR in patients with T2DM compared to healthy controls as a preliminary approach to open the way for future treatment with the help of probiotics or diet modulation.
Methods:
A retrograde case-control study was conducted on 79 patients with T2DM and 100 healthy controls cross-matched with age and sex. All patients were subjected to full clinical examination and laboratory tests, including identification of stool Lactobacillus species by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results:
Certain species of L. acidophilus, and L. rhamnosus were found to be significantly increased in patients with T2DM (67.1%, 50.6% respectively) compared to control subjects (35%, P=0.001, OR 3.8, 95% CI:2.1-7.1, 25%, P=0.001, OR 3.1, 95% CI:1.64-5.8 respectively). Other species as determined by multiplex PCR, namely, L. gasseri, (70%, P=0.001, OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.1-0.3), L. reuteri (74%, P=0.001, OR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.5-0.53), and L. plantarum (69%, P=0.003, OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.073-0.22) were significantly higher in prevalence in control compared to patients with T2DM.
Conclusion:
The present study highlights the significant prevalence of certain species of Lactobacilli in gut as determined by multiplex PCR, namely L. gasseri, L. reuteri and L. plantarum in controls compared to patients with T2DM. These species may have a role in the reduction of certain risk factors associated with the development of T2DM. Moreover, certain species of L. acidophilus, L. delbrueckii and L. rhamnosus were significantly increased in prevalence in patients with T2DM. The findings of this preliminary study need further verification by a larger longitudinal study.
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Abstract
Skin aging usually results from intrinsic or extrinsic stress. Photodamage promotes skin damage and stimulates the skin, manifesting as wrinkles, dryness, roughness, and loss of elasticity. We have previously found that blackberry (Rubus fruticosus B) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum JBMI F5, designated BB-1000, showed an in vitro and in vivo anti-skin-aging activity. In the present study, we have further evaluated the anti-aging effect of BB-1000 via a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. The trial included 102 volunteers aged 35 to 59 years who have dry skin and wrinkles. Subjects took BB-1000 or a placebo orally at 800 mg/day for 12 weeks. Skin hydration and degree of wrinkles around the eyes were measured at weeks 6 and 12. Skin hydration had no significant effect in both groups at weeks 6 and 12. Otherwise, volunteers in the BB-1000 group had a significant reduction in eye wrinkle grade at week 12. These findings suggest that BB-1000 may be considered a candidate anti-aging agent for preventing skin wrinkles as a nutricosmetic agent.
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Wang X, Qu Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Xu J, Zhao H, Zheng D, Sun L, Tai G, Zhou Y, Cheng H. β-1,6-Glucan From Pleurotus eryngii Modulates the Immunity and Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859923. [PMID: 35585984 PMCID: PMC9108243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii exhibit a variety of biological activities. Here, we obtained a homogeneous branched β-1,6-glucan (APEP-A-b) from the fruiting bodies of P. eryngii and investigated its effect on immunity and gut microbiota. Our results showed that APEP-A-b significantly increases splenic lymphocyte proliferation, NK cell activity and phagocytic capacity of peritoneal cavity phagocytes. Furthermore, we found that the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lamina propria are significantly increased upon APEP-A-b treatment. Additionally, APEP-A-b supplementation demonstrated pronounced changes in microbiota reflected in promotion of relative abundances of species in the Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae families. Consistently, APEP-A-b significantly increased the concentration of acetic and butyric acid in cecum contents. Overall, our results suggest that β-1,6-glucan from P. eryngii might enhance immunity by modulating microbiota. These results are important for the processing and product development of P. eryngii derived polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifa Zhou
- *Correspondence: Yifa Zhou, ; Hairong Cheng,
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Omatola CA, Olaniran AO. Rotaviruses: From Pathogenesis to Disease Control—A Critical Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050875. [PMID: 35632617 PMCID: PMC9143449 DOI: 10.3390/v14050875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their first recognition in human cases about four decades ago, rotaviruses have remained the leading cause of acute severe dehydrating diarrhea among infants and young children worldwide. The WHO prequalification of oral rotavirus vaccines (ORV) a decade ago and its introduction in many countries have yielded a significant decline in the global burden of the disease, although not without challenges to achieving global effectiveness. Poised by the unending malady of rotavirus diarrhea and the attributable death cases in developing countries, we provide detailed insights into rotavirus biology, exposure pathways, cellular receptors and pathogenesis, host immune response, epidemiology, and vaccination. Additionally, recent developments on the various host, viral and environmental associated factors impacting ORV performance in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) are reviewed and their significance assessed. In addition, we review the advances in nonvaccine strategies (probiotics, candidate anti-rotaviral drugs, breastfeeding) to disease prevention and management.
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Varada VV, Tyagi AK, Banakar PS, Das A, Tyagi N, Mallapa RH, Kumar S. Autochthonous Limosilactobacillus reuteri BFE7 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius BF17 probiotics consortium supplementation improves performance, immunity, and selected gut health indices in Murrah buffalo calves. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:757-767. [PMID: 35107723 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have emerged as biotherapeutic adjuncts to combat neonatal calf gastrointestinal disorders. Therefore, they are considered a suitable alternative to antibiotics for maintaining a healthy and balanced gut microbiota. Hence, the current investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of autochthonous probiotics on Murrah buffalo calves. Sixteen calves (5-7 days of age) were randomly divided into four groups. Group I served as control (CT), fed a basal diet with no supplementation. Groups II (LR), III (LS), and IV (CS) were supplemented with Limosilactobacillus reuteri BF-E7, Ligilactobacillus salivarius BF-17, and a consortium of both probiotic strains at a rate of 1x108 CFU/g/calf per day along with the basal diet, respectively. Two previously isolated potential probiotic strains, Limosilactobacillus reuteri BF-E7 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius BF-17, were found to be compatible in vitro. Dietary supplementation of probiotics for sixty days significantly increased (P<0.05) dry matter intake (DMI, g/d), average daily gain (ADG, g/d), net body weight gain (kg), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and structural growth measurements as compared to control. Furthermore, a considerable (P<0.05) increase in the abundance of beneficial intestinal microbiota (lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) was observed along with improvement in fecal biomarkers like lactate and ammonia, immune status, and reduced fecal score. Upon comparative analysis among treatment groups, the results were found to be better in the probiotic consortium fed group compared to the LR and LS treated groups. The present findings conclusively deduced that autochthonous probiotic consortium might serve as potential candidate for fostering performance, immunity, and gut health biomarkers in Murrah buffalo calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Venkatesh Varada
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Amrish Kumar Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.,Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Sivakumara Banakar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Asit Das
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Nitin Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | | | - Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
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Bacteria and bacterial derivatives as delivery carriers for immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114085. [PMID: 34933064 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the role of microorganisms in human health and disease, with evidence showing that new types of biotherapy using engineered bacterial therapeutics, including bacterial derivatives, can address specific mechanisms of disease. The complex interactions between microorganisms and metabolic/immunologic pathways underlie many diseases with unmet medical needs, suggesting that targeting these interactions may improve patient treatment. Using tools from synthetic biology and chemical engineering, non-pathogenic bacteria or bacterial products can be programmed and designed to sense and respond to environmental signals to deliver therapeutic effectors. This review describes current progress in biotherapy using live bacteria and their derivatives to achieve therapeutic benefits against various diseases.
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Dietary Alaska Pollock Protein Attenuates the Experimental Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium via Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010044. [PMID: 35050166 PMCID: PMC8779829 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein derived from fish has not only nutritional properties but also health-promoting properties. Few studies have examined the effect of dietary Alaska pollock protein (APP) on the anticolitis effect reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study investigated the effect of APP intake on colitis symptoms, gut microbiota, and its metabolites in the experimental colitis mouse model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: (1) DSS-untreated mice fed an American Institute of Nutrition (AIN) 93G diet (protein source is casein), (2) DSS-treated mice fed an AIN93G diet, and (3) DSS-treated mice fed an APP diet. After the mice were fed the diets for 21 days, experimental colitis was induced by three cycles of 2% DSS administration for 5 days followed by washouts over the course of 5 days. APP-reduced body weight loss increased the disease activity index, and elevated spleen weight and alleviated colon length shortening and colonic tissue damage. Furthermore, APP altered the structure and composition of the microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in feces. Since APP intake alleviates experimental colitis induced by DSS administration through alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites, we deduced that APP would inhibit MetS progression via colitis suppression.
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Haji F, Cheon J, Baek J, Wang Q, Tam KC. Application of Pickering emulsions in probiotic encapsulation- A review. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1603-1615. [PMID: 36161224 PMCID: PMC9493384 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to host organisms when consumed in adequate amounts and are often incorporated into foods for human consumption. However, this has negative implications on their viability as large numbers of these beneficial bacteria are deactivated when subjected to harsh conditions during processing, storage, and passage through the gastrointestinal tract. To address these issues, numerous studies on encapsulation techniques to protect probiotics have been conducted. This review focuses on emulsion technology for probiotic encapsulation, with a special focus on Pickering emulsions. Pickering emulsions are stabilized by solid particles, which adsorb strongly onto the liquid-liquid interfaces to prevent aggregation. Pickering emulsions have demonstrated enhanced stability, high encapsulation efficiency, and cost-effectiveness compared to other encapsulation techniques. Additionally, Pickering emulsions are regarded as safe and biocompatible and utilize natural materials, such as cellulose and chitosan derived from plants, shellfish, and fungi, which may also be viewed as more acceptable in food systems than common synthetic and natural molecular surfactants. This article reviews the current status of Pickering emulsion use for probiotic delivery and explores the potential of this technique for application in other fields, such as livestock farming, pet food, and aquaculture. Probiotics play an important role in maintaining the health of humans and animals. Encapsulation improves probiotic viability in harsh environments. Probiotics can be encapsulated by many techniques such as emulsification. Pickering emulsions use particles instead of molecules to stabilize emulsions. Natural particles are more acceptable to some consumers than synthetic emulsifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah Haji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - James Cheon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jiyoo Baek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road W, Guelph, ON, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Qi Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road W, Guelph, ON, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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Yeom J, Yim DJ, Ma S, Lim YH. Propionibacterium freudenreichii Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation and Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mice. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010048. [PMID: 35056497 PMCID: PMC8780394 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast differentiation is crucial for bone absorption, and osteoclasts are involved in bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Dairy Propionibacterium freudenreichii is used as a cheese starter and possesses prebiotic and postbiotic properties. It is known to stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and produces valuable metabolites, such as vitamin B12 and propionic acid. However, limited information is available on the beneficial effects of P. freudenreichii on human disease. Herein, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of P. freudenreichii MJ2 (MJ2) isolated from raw milk on osteoclast differentiation and evaluate the improvement in RA. The murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, and a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model were used to perform in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. Heat-killed P. freudenreichii MJ2 (hkMJ2)-treated cells significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and TRAP activity. HkMJ2-treated cells exhibited significantly decreased expression of genes and proteins related to RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. MJ2 administration decreased the arthritic score in the CIA mouse model. Live and dead MJ2 inhibited bone loss and afforded protection against bone erosion and joint damage in CIA mice. MJ2 decreased the levels of collagen-specific antibodies and inflammatory cytokines and the expression of osteoclast differentiation-related genes and proteins in CIA mice. Interestingly, live and dead MJ2 showed similar RA improvement effects in CIA mice. In conclusion, P. freudenreichii MJ2 inhibited osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and ameliorated CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiah Yeom
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.Y.); (D.J.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Dong Joon Yim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.Y.); (D.J.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Seongho Ma
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.Y.); (D.J.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.Y.); (D.J.Y.); (S.M.)
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3290-5635
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Araújo MM, Vogado CDO, Mendes MM, Gonçalves VSS, Botelho PB. Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis supplementation on gastrointestinal symptoms: systematic review with meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1619-1633. [PMID: 34918142 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms have been increasingly investigated, particularly that of Bifidobacterium animalis. Clinical trials so far have shown differing evidence regarding these effects in healthy adults. OBJECTIVE To synthesize the published evidence on the effects of B. animalis subspecies lactis on GI symptoms (GIS) in healthy adults. DATA SOURCE A search of the Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for reports on randomized controlled trials published up to October 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Population characteristics and data on colonic transit time (CTT), stool consistency, defecation frequency, abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, volunteer compliance, and adverse events were extracted. A random-effects model was used to estimate the effect of probiotic treatment on these variables. DATA SYNTHESIS In total, 1551 studies were identified, of which 14 were included in the qualitative synthesis and 13 in the meta-analysis. Overall, probiotic supplementation increased defecation frequency (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.26; 95%CI, 0.13-0.39). Subgroup analysis revealed a decrease in CTT (SMD, -0.34; 95%CI, -0.62 to -0.07) in short-term treatment (≤14 d) and an improvement in stool consistency (SMD, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.44-1.08) in individuals without GIS. No improvement in abdominal pain and bloating was found. CONCLUSIONS B. animalis subspecies lactis supplementation may increase defecation frequency and, in short-term treatment, may reduce CTT in healthy adults and improve stool consistency in individuals without GIS. More high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to develop a clinical protocol for the use of this strain to improve these symptoms. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020154060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maísa Miranda Araújo
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Oliveira Vogado
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Marcela Moraes Mendes
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Vivian Siqueira Santos Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Borges Botelho
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Cogo E, Elsayed M, Liang V, Cooley K, Guerin C, Psihogios A, Papadogianis P. Probiotics Evaluation in Oncological Surgery: A Systematic Review of 36 Randomized Controlled Trials Assessing 21 Diverse Formulations. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:5192-5214. [PMID: 34940074 PMCID: PMC8700227 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objectives were to evaluate probiotics safety and efficacy in oncological surgery. METHODS Systematic review methodology guided by Cochrane, PRISMA, SWiM, and CIOMS. Protocol registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018086168). RESULTS 36 RCTs (on 3305 participants) and 6 nonrandomized/observational studies were included, mainly on digestive system cancers. There was evidence of a beneficial effect on preventing infections, with 70% of RCTs' (21/30) direction of effect favoring probiotics. However, five RCTs (17%) favored controls for infections, including one trial with RR 1.57 (95% CI: 0.79, 3.12). One RCT that changed (balanced) its antibiotics protocol after enrolling some participants had mortality risk RR 3.55 (95% CI: 0.77, 16.47; 7/64 vs. 2/65 deaths). The RCT identified with the most promising results overall administered an oral formulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 + Lactobacillus plantarum + Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 + Saccharomyces boulardii. Methodological quality appraisals revealed an overall substantial risk-of-bias, with only five RCTs judged as low risk-of-bias. CONCLUSIONS This large evidence synthesis found encouraging results from most formulations, though this was contrasted by potential harms from a few others, thus validating the literature that "probiotics" are not homogeneous microorganisms. Given microbiome developments and infections morbidity, further high-quality research is warranted using those promising probiotics identified herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Cogo
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Mohamed Elsayed
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Vivian Liang
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Kieran Cooley
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
- School of Public Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
- Pacific College of Health Sciences, San Diego, CA 92108, USA
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Christilynn Guerin
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Athanasios Psihogios
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
- The Centre for Health Innovation, 429 MacLaren St., Ottawa, ON K2P 0M7, Canada
| | - Peter Papadogianis
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
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Natale NR, Kent M, Fox N, Vavra D, Lambert K. Neurobiological effects of a probiotic-supplemented diet in chronically stressed male Long-Evans rats: Evidence of enhanced resilience. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 11:207-215. [PMID: 34849506 PMCID: PMC8607205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics that regulate the microbiome-gut-brain axis and provide mental health benefits to the host are referred to as psychobiotics. Preclinical studies have demonstrated psychobiotic effects on early life stress-induced anxiety- and depression-related behavior in rodents; however, the specific mechanisms remain ill-defined. In the current study, we investigated the effects of probiotic supplementation on neurobiological responses to chronic stress in adult male Long-Evans rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to probiotic (PB) or vehicle control (VEH) groups, then to either chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) or no-stress control (CON) conditions within each group (n = 6/subgroup). We hypothesized that PB supplementation would reduce markers of anxiety and enhance emotional resilience, especially in the CUS animals. In the cognitive uncertainty task, a nonsignificant trend was observed indicating that the PB-supplemented animals spent more time oriented toward the food reward than VEH animals. In the open-field task, CUS-PB animals spent more time in the center of the arena than CUS-VEH animals, an effect not observed between the two CON groups. In the swim task, the PB animals, regardless of stress assignment, exhibited increased floating, suggesting a conserved response in a challenging context. Focusing on the endocrine measures, higher dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-to-corticosterone fecal metabolite ratios, a correlate of emotional resilience, were observed in PB animals. Further, PB animals exhibited reduced microglia immunoreactivity in the basolateral amygdala, possibly indicating a neuroprotective effect of PB supplements in this rodent model. These results provide evidence that PB supplementation interacts with stress exposure to influence adaptive responses associated with endocrine, neural, and behavioral indices of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick R. Natale
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Molly Kent
- Dept of Biology, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Nathan Fox
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Dylan Vavra
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Kelly Lambert
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, VA 23173, USA
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Thangamani S, Monasky R, Lee JK, Antharam V, HogenEsch H, Hazbun TR, Jin Y, Gu H, Guo GL. Bile Acid Regulates the Colonization and Dissemination of Candida albicans from the Gastrointestinal Tract by Controlling Host Defense System and Microbiota. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121030. [PMID: 34947012 PMCID: PMC8708873 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (CA), a commensal and opportunistic eukaryotic organism, frequently inhabits the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and causes life-threatening infections. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis is a major risk factor for increased CA colonization and dissemination from the GI tract. We identified a significant increase of taurocholic acid (TCA), a major bile acid in antibiotic-treated mice susceptible to CA infection. In vivo findings indicate that administration of TCA through drinking water is sufficient to induce colonization and dissemination of CA in wild-type and immunosuppressed mice. Treatment with TCA significantly reduced mRNA expression of immune genes ang4 and Cxcr3 in the colon. In addition, TCA significantly decreased the relative abundance of three culturable species of commensal bacteria, Turicibacter sanguinis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Clostridium celatum, in both cecal contents and mucosal scrapings from the colon. Taken together, our results indicate that TCA promotes fungal colonization and dissemination of CA from the GI tract by controlling the host defense system and intestinal microbiota that play a critical role in regulating CA in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-0763
| | - Ross Monasky
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Jung Keun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Vijay Antharam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts, Humanities and Sciences, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NC 28311, USA;
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Tony R. Hazbun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Yan Jin
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.)
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.)
- Center for Translational Science, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 33199, USA
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ 07018, USA
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