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Liebler-Tenorio EM, Wedlich N, Figl J, Köhler H, Ulrich R, Schröder C, Rissmann M, Grode L, Kaufmann SHE, Menge C. Challenge Dose Titration in a Mycobacterium bovis Infection Model in Goats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9799. [PMID: 39337287 PMCID: PMC11431947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Goats are natural hosts of Mycobacterium (M.) bovis, and affected herds can be the cause of significant economic losses. Similarites in disease course and lesions of M. bovis infections in goats and M. tuberculosis in humans make goats good models for human tuberculosis. The aim of this investigation was to characterize M. bovis challenge models in goats. For this, goats were endobronchially inoculated with three doses of M. bovis or culture medium. Clinical signs, shedding, and immune responses were monitored until 146 days post inoculation (dpi). At necropsy, lesions were examined by computed tomography, histology, and bacteriological culture. Infected goats did not develop clinical signs. M. bovis was cultured from feces, but never from nasal swabs. IGRAs were positive from 28 dpi onwards, antibodies at 140 dpi, and SICCT at 146 dpi. The increase in CD25+, IFN-γ+, and IFN-γ-releasing T-cell subpopulations was time-related, but not dose-dependent. All infected goats developed paucibacillary granulomas in the lungs and regional lymph nodes. M. bovis was regularly cultured. Dose-dependent effects included the size of pulmonary lesions, caverns, intestinal lesions, and early generalization in the high-dose group. In summary, reproducible challenge models with dose-dependent differences in lesions were established, which may serve for testing vaccines for veterinary or medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (N.W.); (J.F.); (H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Nadine Wedlich
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (N.W.); (J.F.); (H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Julia Figl
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (N.W.); (J.F.); (H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (N.W.); (J.F.); (H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (R.U.); (C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (R.U.); (C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (R.U.); (C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Leander Grode
- Serum Life Science Europe GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Christian Menge
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (N.W.); (J.F.); (H.K.); (C.M.)
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Martucciello A, Ottaiano M, Mazzone P, Vitale N, Donniacuo A, Brunetti R, Di Franco M, Cerrone P, Spoleto C, Galiero G, De Carlo E. A decade of tuberculosis eradication programs in the Mediterranean water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) in South Italy: Are we heading toward eradication? Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1405416. [PMID: 39132442 PMCID: PMC11310139 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1405416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is susceptible to bovine tuberculosis (TB), which receives increased attention in areas where buffalo breeding is prevalent, such as in Southern Italy, especially in the Campania region, where 70% of the buffalo stock is bred. Since 2012, TB testing in buffalo herds has been conducted using the Single Intradermal Test (SIT), with the Comparative Intradermal test (CIT) used in cases of inconclusive results. From 2012 to 2016, the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) test was occasionally employed experimentally in herds with TB outbreaks to expedite eradication efforts. A local TB eradication program was implemented in officially TB-free buffalo herds between 2017 and 2019. This program involves initial screening with SIT, followed by confirmatory tests, including CIT and IFN-γ, for positive reactions. Since June 2019, the IFN-γ test has replaced the CIT in officially TB-free herds upon positive SIT reactions. Additionally, in suspected and confirmed TB-outbreak herds, the IFN-γ test was used at the discretion of the competent authority. Between 2017 and 2019, approximately 295,000 buffaloes in Campania were screened annually with in vivo tests provided by TB eradication programs. During this period, 32,040 animals from 855 herds were tested using the IFN-γ test and 4,895 tested positive. Since 2020, the use of IFN-γ testing has increased, and has become a prerequisite for the acquisition of TB-free status and is being systematically applied for TB outbreak-extinction procedures. The test was performed in all breeding buffaloes in cases of doubtful SIT results in TB-free herds and when TB lesions are detected at slaughter in animals from TB-free herds. This combined approach helped detect more TB outbreaks, and thereby led to a reduction in the TB prevalence and incidence rates. By 2022, the prevalence had decreased to 1.56%, and the incidence had decreased to 0.73%, after the increased use of the IFN-γ test. This study highlights the effectiveness of implemented strategies in reducing TB in this region. Overall, the data demonstrate the successful impact of TB eradication measures and surveillance activities in reducing bubaline TB prevalence and incidence in the Campania region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Martucciello
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Ottaiano
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Piera Mazzone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Donniacuo
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Brunetti
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giorgio Galiero
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, Italy
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Hall TJ, McHugo GP, Mullen MP, Ward JA, Killick KE, Browne JA, Gordon SV, MacHugh DE. Integrative and comparative genomic analyses of mammalian macrophage responses to intracellular mycobacterial pathogens. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 147:102453. [PMID: 38071177 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis (hTB), is a close evolutionary relative of Mycobacterium bovis, which causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB), one of the most damaging infectious diseases to livestock agriculture. Previous studies have shown that the pathogenesis of bTB disease is comparable to hTB disease, and that the bovine and human alveolar macrophage (bAM and hAM, respectively) transcriptomes are extensively reprogrammed in response to infection with these intracellular mycobacterial pathogens. In this study, a multi-omics integrative approach was applied with functional genomics and GWAS data sets across the two primary hosts (Bos taurus and Homo sapiens) and both pathogens (M. bovis and M. tuberculosis). Four different experimental infection groups were used: 1) bAM infected with M. bovis, 2) bAM infected with M. tuberculosis, 3) hAM infected with M. tuberculosis, and 4) human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDM) infected with M. tuberculosis. RNA-seq data from these experiments 24 h post-infection (24 hpi) was analysed using three computational pipelines: 1) differentially expressed genes, 2) differential gene expression interaction networks, and 3) combined pathway analysis. The results were integrated with high-resolution bovine and human GWAS data sets to detect novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to mycobacterial infection and resilience to disease. This revealed common and unique response macrophage pathways for both pathogens and identified 32 genes (12 bovine and 20 human) significantly enriched for SNPs associated with disease resistance, the majority of which encode key components of the NF-κB signalling pathway and that also drive formation of the granuloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hall
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Gillian P McHugo
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Michael P Mullen
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, Westmeath, N37 HD68, Ireland
| | - James A Ward
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Kate E Killick
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
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Jiang D, Song X, Yang L, Zheng L, Niu K, Niu H. Screening of mRNA markers in early bovine tuberculosis blood samples. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1330693. [PMID: 38645645 PMCID: PMC11026862 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1330693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis. A large number of cattle are infected with bTB every year, resulting in huge economic losses. How to control bTB is an important issue in the current global livestock economy. In this study, the original transcriptome sequences related to this study were obtained from the dataset GSE192537 by searching the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Our differential gene analysis showed that there were obvious biological activities related to immune activation and immune regulation in the early stage of bTB. Immune-related biological processes were more active in the early stage of bTB than in the late. There were obvious immune activation and immune cell recruitment in the early stage of bTB. Regulations in immune receptors are associated with pathophysiological processes of the early stage of bTB. A gene module consisting of 236 genes significantly related to the early stage of bTB was obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and 18 hub genes were further identified as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Finally, by random forest algorithm and logistic regression modeling, FCRL1 was identified as a representative mRNA marker in early bTB blood. FCRL1 has the potential to be a diagnostic biomarker in early bTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Animal Reproductive Control Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
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Khalid H, Pierneef L, van Hooij A, Zhou Z, de Jong D, Tjon Kon Fat E, Connelley TK, Hope JC, Corstjens PLAM, Geluk A. Development of lateral flow assays to detect host proteins in cattle for improved diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1193332. [PMID: 37655261 PMCID: PMC10465798 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1193332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection in cattle, is an economically devastating chronic disease for livestock worldwide. Efficient disease control measures rely on early and accurate diagnosis using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), followed by culling of positive animals. Compromised performance of TST and IGRA, due to BCG vaccination or co-infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), urges improved diagnostics. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) utilizing luminescent upconverting reporter particles (UCP) for quantitative measurement of host biomarkers present an accurate but less equipment- and labor-demanding diagnostic test platform. UCP-LFAs have proven applications for human infectious diseases. Here, we report the development of UCP-LFAs for the detection of six bovine proteins (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, CCL4, CXCL9, and CXCL10), which have been described by ELISA as potential biomarkers to discriminate M. bovis infected from naïve and BCG-vaccinated cattle. We show that, in line with the ELISA data, the combined PPDb-induced levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, CCL4, and CXCL9 determined by UCP-LFAs can discriminate M. bovis challenged animals from naïve (AUC range: 0.87-1.00) and BCG-vaccinated animals (AUC range: 0.97-1.00) in this cohort. These initial findings can be used to develop a robust and user-friendly multi-biomarker test (MBT) for bTB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Khalid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- Center for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Pierneef
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anouk van Hooij
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Zijie Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Danielle de Jong
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Tjon Kon Fat
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Timothy K. Connelley
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne C. Hope
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L. A. M. Corstjens
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Geluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Hasankhani A, Bahrami A, Mackie S, Maghsoodi S, Alawamleh HSK, Sheybani N, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Rajabi F, Javanmard G, Khadem H, Barkema HW, De Donato M. In-depth systems biological evaluation of bovine alveolar macrophages suggests novel insights into molecular mechanisms underlying Mycobacterium bovis infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1041314. [PMID: 36532492 PMCID: PMC9748370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1041314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic respiratory infectious disease of domestic livestock caused by intracellular Mycobacterium bovis infection, which causes ~$3 billion in annual losses to global agriculture. Providing novel tools for bTB managements requires a comprehensive understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the M. bovis infection. Nevertheless, a combination of different bioinformatics and systems biology methods was used in this study in order to clearly understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms of bTB, especially the immunomodulatory mechanisms of M. bovis infection. Methods RNA-seq data were retrieved and processed from 78 (39 non-infected control vs. 39 M. bovis-infected samples) bovine alveolar macrophages (bAMs). Next, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify the co-expression modules in non-infected control bAMs as reference set. The WGCNA module preservation approach was then used to identify non-preserved modules between non-infected controls and M. bovis-infected samples (test set). Additionally, functional enrichment analysis was used to investigate the biological behavior of the non-preserved modules and to identify bTB-specific non-preserved modules. Co-expressed hub genes were identified based on module membership (MM) criteria of WGCNA in the non-preserved modules and then integrated with protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to identify co-expressed hub genes/transcription factors (TFs) with the highest maximal clique centrality (MCC) score (hub-central genes). Results As result, WGCNA analysis led to the identification of 21 modules in the non-infected control bAMs (reference set), among which the topological properties of 14 modules were altered in the M. bovis-infected bAMs (test set). Interestingly, 7 of the 14 non-preserved modules were directly related to the molecular mechanisms underlying the host immune response, immunosuppressive mechanisms of M. bovis, and bTB development. Moreover, among the co-expressed hub genes and TFs of the bTB-specific non-preserved modules, 260 genes/TFs had double centrality in both co-expression and PPI networks and played a crucial role in bAMs-M. bovis interactions. Some of these hub-central genes/TFs, including PSMC4, SRC, BCL2L1, VPS11, MDM2, IRF1, CDKN1A, NLRP3, TLR2, MMP9, ZAP70, LCK, TNF, CCL4, MMP1, CTLA4, ITK, IL6, IL1A, IL1B, CCL20, CD3E, NFKB1, EDN1, STAT1, TIMP1, PTGS2, TNFAIP3, BIRC3, MAPK8, VEGFA, VPS18, ICAM1, TBK1, CTSS, IL10, ACAA1, VPS33B, and HIF1A, had potential targets for inducing immunomodulatory mechanisms by M. bovis to evade the host defense response. Conclusion The present study provides an in-depth insight into the molecular regulatory mechanisms behind M. bovis infection through biological investigation of the candidate non-preserved modules directly related to bTB development. Furthermore, several hub-central genes/TFs were identified that were significant in determining the fate of M. bovis infection and could be promising targets for developing novel anti-bTB therapies and diagnosis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hasankhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Biomedical Center for Systems Biology Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Shayan Mackie
- Faculty of Science, Earth Sciences Building, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sairan Maghsoodi
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Heba Saed Kariem Alawamleh
- Department of Basic Scientific Sciences, AL-Balqa Applied University, AL-Huson University College, AL-Huson, Jordan
| | - Negin Sheybani
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hosein Khadem
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Herman W. Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marcos De Donato
- Regional Department of Bioengineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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Byrne AW, Barrett D, Breslin P, Fanning J, Casey M, Madden JM, Lesellier S, Gormley E. Bovine tuberculosis in youngstock cattle: A narrative review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1000124. [PMID: 36213413 PMCID: PMC9540495 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, remains a high-priority global pathogen of concern. The role of youngstock animals in the epidemiology of bTB has not been a focus of contemporary research. Here we have aimed to collate and summarize what is known about the susceptibility, diagnosis, transmission (infectiousness), and epidemiology to M. bovis in youngstock (up to 1-year of age). Youngstock are susceptible to M. bovis infection when exposed, with the capacity to develop typical bTB lesions. Calves can be exposed through similar routes as adults, via residual infection, contiguous neighborhood spread, wildlife spillback infection, and the buying-in of infected but undetected cattle. Dairy systems may lead to greater exposure risk to calves relative to other production systems, for example, via pooled milk. Given their young age, calves tend to have shorter bTB at-risk exposure periods than older cohorts. The detection of bTB varies with age when using a wide range of ante-mortem diagnostics, also with post-mortem examination and confirmation (histological and bacteriological) of infection. When recorded as positive by ante-mortem test, youngstock appear to have the highest probabilities of any age cohort for confirmation of infection post-mortem. They also appear to have the lowest false negative bTB detection risk. In some countries, many calves are moved to other herds for rearing, potentially increasing inter-herd transmission risk. Mathematical models suggest that calves may also experience lower force of infection (the rate that susceptible animals become infected). There are few modeling studies investigating the role of calves in the spread and maintenance of infection across herd networks. One study found that calves, without operating testing and control measures, can help to maintain infection and lengthen the time to outbreak eradication. Policies to reduce testing for youngstock could lead to infected calves remaining undetected and increasing onwards transmission. Further studies are required to assess the risk associated with changes to testing policy for youngstock in terms of the impact for within-herd disease control, and how this may affect the transmission and persistence of infection across a network of linked herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Byrne
- One-Health and Welfare Scientific Support Unit, National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Andrew W. Byrne ;
| | - Damien Barrett
- One-Health and Welfare Scientific Support Unit, National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
- ERAD, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Breslin
- ERAD, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - June Fanning
- One-Health and Welfare Scientific Support Unit, National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miriam Casey
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (CVERA), School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jamie M. Madden
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (CVERA), School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandrine Lesellier
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife (LRFSN), ANSES, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, Malzéville, France
| | - Eamonn Gormley
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Gumbo R, Sylvester TT, Parsons SDC, Buss PE, Warren RM, van Helden PD, Miller MA, Kerr TJ. Comparison of interferon gamma release assay and CXCL9 gene expression assay for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in African lions (Panthera leo). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:989209. [PMID: 36189358 PMCID: PMC9523132 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.989209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection has been identified in both domestic and wild animals and may threaten the conservation of vulnerable species including African lions (Panthera leo). There is a need to develop accurate ante-mortem tools for detection of M. bovis infection in African big cat populations for wildlife management and disease surveillance. The aim of this study was to compare the performances of two immunological assays, the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus (QFT) Mabtech Cat interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and QFT CXCL9 gene expression assay (GEA), which have both shown diagnostic potential for M. bovis detection in African lions. Lion whole blood (n=47), stimulated using the QFT platform, was used for measuring antigen-specific CXCL9 expression and IFN-γ production and to assign M. bovis infection status. A subset (n=12) of mycobacterial culture-confirmed M. bovis infected and uninfected African lions was used to compare the agreement between the immunological diagnostic assays. There was no statistical difference between the proportions of test positive African lions tested by the QFT Mabtech Cat IGRA compared to the QFT CXCL9 GEA. There was also a moderate association between immunological diagnostic assays when numerical results were compared. The majority of lions had the same diagnostic outcome using the paired assays. Although the QFT Mabtech Cat IGRA provides a more standardized, commercially available, and cost-effective test compared to QFT CXCL9 GEA, using both assays to categorize M. bovis infection status in lions will increase confidence in results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachiel Gumbo
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Tashnica T. Sylvester
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Sven D. C. Parsons
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Afrivet Business Management, Newmark Estate Office Park, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Peter E. Buss
- Veterinary Wildlife Services, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa
| | - Robin M. Warren
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Michele A. Miller
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Michele A. Miller,
| | - Tanya J. Kerr
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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9
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Saied AA, Metwally AA, Mohamed HMA, Haridy MAM. The contribution of bovines to human health against viral infections. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46999-47023. [PMID: 34272669 PMCID: PMC8284698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last 40 years, novel viruses have evolved at a much faster pace than other pathogens. Viral diseases pose a significant threat to public health around the world. Bovines have a longstanding history of significant contributions to human nutrition, agricultural, industrial purposes, medical research, drug and vaccine development, and livelihood. The life cycle, genomic structures, viral proteins, and pathophysiology of bovine viruses studied in vitro paved the way for understanding the human counterparts. Calf model has been used for testing vaccines against RSV, papillomavirus vaccines and anti-HCV agents were principally developed after using the BPV and BVDV model, respectively. Some bovine viruses-based vaccines (BPIV-3 and bovine rotaviruses) were successfully developed, clinically tried, and commercially produced. Cows, immunized with HIV envelope glycoprotein, produced effective broadly neutralizing antibodies in their serum and colostrum against HIV. Here, we have summarized a few examples of human viral infections for which the use of bovines has contributed to the acquisition of new knowledge to improve human health against viral infections covering the convergence between some human and bovine viruses and using bovines as disease models. Additionally, the production of vaccines and drugs, bovine-based products were covered, and the precautions in dealing with bovines and bovine-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulRahman A Saied
- Department of Food Establishments Licensing (Aswan Branch), National Food Safety Authority (NFSA), Aswan, 81511, Egypt.
- Touristic Activities and Interior Offices Sector (Aswan Office), Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Aswan, 81511, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Metwally
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81511, Egypt
| | - Hams M A Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Mohie A M Haridy
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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10
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Evaluation of ELISA and PCR in parallel to single intradermal cervical tuberculin test (SICT) for diagnosis of tuberculosis in buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:322. [PMID: 33988782 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is an economically important disease with very high zoonotic potential. Single intradermal cervical tuberculin test (SICT) is considered a gold standard assay for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. However, bovines especially buffaloes may produce a false negative result when the animal becomes cell-mediated immune (CMI) anergic in the advanced stage of the disease. In the present study, ELISA and PCR assays were successfully demonstrated to be useful in diagnosing tuberculosis especially in the CMI anergic buffaloes infected with Mycobacterium bovis. ELISA and PCR assays are able to detect 8.94% and 8.13%, respectively, more animals as positive in comparison to standard SICT assay in a selected population of 123 buffaloes. The moderate agreement between SICT and ELISA (k: 0.528; 0.249-0.807), a substantial agreement between SICT and PCR (k: 0.648; 0.364-0.931), and high agreement between ELISA and PCR (k: 0.856; 0.697-1.0) highlight that ELISA and PCR, if used in parallel with SICT, will provide better sensitivity over single assay. Reduction of false negative reactors may help in minimizing the zoonotic threat from bovine tuberculosis especially in disease endemic region where human and livestock interface is quite high.
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11
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Hall TJ, Mullen MP, McHugo GP, Killick KE, Ring SC, Berry DP, Correia CN, Browne JA, Gordon SV, MacHugh DE. Integrative genomics of the mammalian alveolar macrophage response to intracellular mycobacteria. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:343. [PMID: 33980141 PMCID: PMC8117616 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine TB (bTB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis, is a major endemic disease affecting global cattle production. The key innate immune cell that first encounters the pathogen is the alveolar macrophage, previously shown to be substantially reprogrammed during intracellular infection by the pathogen. Here we use differential expression, and correlation- and interaction-based network approaches to analyse the host response to infection with M. bovis at the transcriptome level to identify core infection response pathways and gene modules. These outputs were then integrated with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data sets to enhance detection of genomic variants for susceptibility/resistance to M. bovis infection. Results The host gene expression data consisted of RNA-seq data from bovine alveolar macrophages (bAM) infected with M. bovis at 24 and 48 h post-infection (hpi) compared to non-infected control bAM. These RNA-seq data were analysed using three distinct computational pipelines to produce six separate gene sets: 1) DE genes filtered using stringent fold-change and P-value thresholds (DEG-24: 378 genes, DEG-48: 390 genes); 2) genes obtained from expression correlation networks (CON-24: 460 genes, CON-48: 416 genes); and 3) genes obtained from differential expression networks (DEN-24: 339 genes, DEN-48: 495 genes). These six gene sets were integrated with three bTB breed GWAS data sets by employing a new genomics data integration tool—gwinteR. Using GWAS summary statistics, this methodology enabled detection of 36, 102 and 921 prioritised SNPs for Charolais, Limousin and Holstein-Friesian, respectively. Conclusions The results from the three parallel analyses showed that the three computational approaches could identify genes significantly enriched for SNPs associated with susceptibility/resistance to M. bovis infection. Results indicate distinct and significant overlap in SNP discovery, demonstrating that network-based integration of biologically relevant transcriptomics data can leverage substantial additional information from GWAS data sets. These analyses also demonstrated significant differences among breeds, with the Holstein-Friesian breed GWAS proving most useful for prioritising SNPS through data integration. Because the functional genomics data were generated using bAM from this population, this suggests that the genomic architecture of bTB resilience traits may be more breed-specific than previously assumed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07643-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hall
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Michael P Mullen
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Athlone, Westmeath, N37 HD68, Ireland
| | - Gillian P McHugo
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Kate E Killick
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.,Present address: Genuity Science, Cherrywood Business Park. Loughlinstown, Dublin, D18 K7W4, Ireland
| | - Siobhán C Ring
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Highfield House, Shinagh, Bandon, Cork, P72 X050, Ireland
| | - Donagh P Berry
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Carolina N Correia
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland. .,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
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12
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Savova-Lalkovska T, Bonovska M, Dimitrova A, Valcheva V, Petkov Y, Hadjieva G, Najdenski H. Evaluation of classical and rapid methods for isolation and identification of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle in Bulgaria. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is still a serious problem with major economic impact in many countries. The aim of study was to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of the classical and some modern, rapid methods for isolation and identification of Mycobacterium bovis. In the period 2015-2018 from 29 outbreaks in 10 different regions of Bulgaria, 1193 lymph nodes from slaughtered cattle were examined by pathoanatomical, bacteriological, PCR and immunochromatographic methods. Of the 283 bacterial isolates, 263 were identified as M. bovis - member of the M. tuberculosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Savova-Lalkovska
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M. Bonovska
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A. Dimitrova
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - V. Valcheva
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Y. Petkov
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - G. Hadjieva
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - H. Najdenski
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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13
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Ozturk-Gurgen H, Rieseberg B, Leipig-Rudolph M, Straubinger RK, Hermanns W. Morphology of Naturally-Occurring Tuberculosis in Cattle Caused by Mycobacterium caprae. J Comp Pathol 2020; 174:120-139. [PMID: 31955797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the pathomorphological alterations of bovine tuberculosis through gross and histopathological examinations, assessment of the distribution of lesions and the demonstration of mycobacteria. Samples from lungs, liver, small intestine, their regional lymph nodes and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were collected from 84 cattle with tuberculosis from the Allgäu, Germany. Organs were evaluated grossly, histopathologically and by transmission electron microscopy. Mycobacteria and mycobacterial antigens were demonstrated using acid-fast staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Bacteriological tests revealed Mycobacterium caprae in all animals. Gross alterations were classified into five patterns (I to V) with an additional pattern of acute exudative pulmonary inflammation (pattern VI). Histological lesions were classified into four types (1-4) with additional lesions occurring in lungs only. Acid-fast staining revealed a low number of bacteria in all tissues, while IHC showed comparatively more mycobacterial antigens within the lesions and also at their periphery. The alimentary tract (68%) was the main portal of entry followed by an aerosol infection (19%). It was assumed that the observed lesions reflect a continuous primary period of infection; there were no lesions typical of a secondary (post-primary) period, as reported in man and also described in the older literature on bovine tuberculosis. The broad spectrum of changes described formerly was not observed in the present cases and the route of infection and nature of acid fast staining showed differences when compared with previous studies of naturally-occurring bovine tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ozturk-Gurgen
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Germany.
| | - B Rieseberg
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Germany
| | - M Leipig-Rudolph
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Germany
| | - R K Straubinger
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - W Hermanns
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Germany
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14
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Byrne AW, Graham J, McConville J, Milne G, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo M, McDowell S. Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) co-infection with bovine tuberculosis in cattle: A prospective herd-level assessment of herd bTB risk in dairy enterprises. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1727-1736. [PMID: 31012527 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Co-infection of tuberculosis (TB) and helminths is recognized as a significant problem in regions where such pathogens are endemic and chronic cases exist. Co-infection can modulate the immune system leading to interference with diagnostic tests, increased pathological impacts and pathogen persistence. However, research has found that such interactions between pathogens can be context and species specific. Recent studies have suggested that liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, infection may impact on immunological responses and diagnostics for bovine tuberculosis (bTB; caused by Mycobacterium bovis) in cattle. Where evidence of such interaction exists, there would be an onus on policy makers to adjust eradication programs to minimize impacts. We assessed the association between herd-level bTB breakdown risk and seasonal variation in liver fluke exposure based on 5,753 bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from 1,494 dairy herds across Northern Ireland. BTM was tested by an IDEXX antibody specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the 'f2' antigen as a detection agent. The ELISA determined the result based on a sample to (known) positive ratio (S/P%) from which binary status and categories of exposure were derived. Associations were tested using multivariable random effects models. Models predicting bTB risk were not improved with the inclusion of liver fluke exposure levels. Variations in modelling liver fluke exposure (S/P%, binary, categories of exposure) and bTB risk (skin test breakdowns, post-mortem confirmed breakdowns, breakdown size and lag effects) also failed to support associations (neither positive nor negative) between the pathogens at herd-level. These results, along with previously published animal-level data from Northern Ireland, suggest that the nexus between bTB and F. hepatica may have small size effects at the population-level. However, our results also highlight the high prevalence of F. hepatica in cattle in our study population, and therefore we cannot fully discount the potential hypothesis of population-level depression of immune response to M. bovis due to co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Byrne
- Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jordon Graham
- Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - James McConville
- Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Georgina Milne
- Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Maria Guelbenzu-Gonzalo
- Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK.,Animal Health Ireland, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, Ireland
| | - Stanley McDowell
- Veterinary Science Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
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15
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Yahyaoui Azami H, Ducrotoy MJ, Bouslikhane M, Hattendorf J, Thrusfield M, Conde- Álvarez R, Moriyón I, Zúñiga-Ripa A, Muñoz Álvaro PM, Mick V, Bryssinckx W, Welburn SC, Zinsstag J. The prevalence of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis in ruminants in Sidi Kacem Province, Morocco. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203360. [PMID: 30226847 PMCID: PMC6143194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and brucellosis are major endemic zoonoses in ruminants in Morocco that impact on both animal and human health. This study presents an assessment of the epidemiological and socioeconomic burden of bacterial zoonoses in Sidi Kacem Province in Northern Morocco from a cross-sectional survey of 125 cattle and/or small ruminant-owning households. In total, 1082 sheep and goats were examined from 81 households. The single intradermal comparative cervical test to screen for bovine tuberculosis was undertaken on 1194 cattle from 123 households and all cattle were blood sampled. Cattle and small ruminant sera were tested for brucellosis using the standard Rose Bengal Test (sRBT) and the modified Rose Bengal Test (mRBT). Bacteriology was performed on 21 milk samples obtained from cattle that were seropositive for brucellosis for isolation and phenotyping of circulating Brucella strains. Individual and herd prevalence for BTB in cattle of 20.4% (95% CI 18%-23%) and 57.7% (95% CI 48%-66%), respectively, were observed in this study. The prevalence of brucellosis in cattle at individual and herd level was 1.9% (95% CI 1.2%-2.8%) and 9% (95% CI 4.5%-1.5%), respectively. Brucella pathogens were isolated from three cattle milk samples and were identified as B. abortus using Bruceladder® multiplex PCR and B. abortus biovar 1 by classical phenotyping. All small ruminants were seronegative to sRBT, two were positive to mRBT. A higher risk of BTB and brucellosis was observed in cattle in intensive livestock systems, in imported and crossed breeds and in animals from larger herds (>15). The three risk factors were usually present in the same herds, leading to higher transmission risk and persistence of both zoonoses. These results highlight the importance of implementing control strategies for both BTB and brucellosis to reduce productivity losses and the risk of transmission to humans. Prioritising control for BTB and brucellosis in intensive livestock production systems is essential for human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Yahyaoui Azami
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie J. Ducrotoy
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Bouslikhane
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mike Thrusfield
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Conde- Álvarez
- IDISNA - Instituto de Salud Tropical y Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- IDISNA - Instituto de Salud Tropical y Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa
- IDISNA - Instituto de Salud Tropical y Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar M. Muñoz Álvaro
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón– IA2 - (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Virginie Mick
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Sue C. Welburn
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Serrano M, Sevilla IA, Fuertes M, Geijo M, Risalde MÁ, Ruiz-Fons JF, Gortazar C, Juste RA, Domínguez L, Elguezabal N, Garrido JM. Different lesion distribution in calves orally or intratracheally challenged with Mycobacterium bovis: implications for diagnosis. Vet Res 2018; 49:74. [PMID: 30053884 PMCID: PMC6064182 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal tuberculosis (TB) remains a major problem in some countries despite the existence of control programmes focused mainly on cattle. In this species, aerogenous transmission is accepted as the most frequent infection route, affecting mainly the respiratory system. Under the hypothesis that the oral route could be playing a more relevant role in transmission, diagnosis and disease persistence than previously thought, this study was performed to assess the course of TB infection in cattle and its effects on diagnosis depending on the route of entry of Mycobacterium bovis. Two groups of five calves each were either endotracheally (EC) or orally (OC) challenged. Necropsies were carried out 12 weeks after challenge except for three OC calves slaughtered 8 weeks later. All animals reacted to the tuberculin skin test and the entire EC group was positive to the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) 2 weeks after challenge and thereafter. The first positive IGRA results for OC calves (3/5) were recorded 4 weeks after challenge. Group comparison revealed significant differences in lesion and positive culture location and scoring. TB-compatible gross lesions and positive cultures were more frequently found in the thorax (p < 0.001) and lung (p < 0.05) of EC animals, whereas OC animals presented lesions (p = 0.23) and positive cultures (p < 0.05) mainly located in the abdomen. These results indicate that the infection route seems to be a determining factor for both the distribution and the time needed for the development of visible lesions. Our study suggests that confirmation of TB infection in some skin reactor animals can be problematic if current post-mortem examination and diagnostics are not improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Serrano
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iker A Sevilla
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Miguel Fuertes
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mariví Geijo
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Risalde
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,Dpto. de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceia3), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Christian Gortazar
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ramón A Juste
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,SERIDA, Agri-food Research and Development Regional Service, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Elguezabal
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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17
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The impact of the number of tuberculin skin test reactors and infection confirmation on the risk of future bovine tuberculosis incidents; a Northern Ireland perspective. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:1495-1502. [PMID: 29970198 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently policies enabling cattle herds to regain Official Tuberculosis Free (OTF) status after a bovine tuberculosis (bTB) herd incident vary between individual parts of the British Isles from requiring only one negative single comparative intradermal tuberculin test (SCITT) herd test when bTB infection is not confirmed to needing two consecutively negative SCITT herd tests after disclosure of two or more reactors, irrespective of bTB confirmation. This study used Kaplan-Meier curves and univariable and multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard models to evaluate the effect of the number of SCITT reactors and bTB confirmation on the risk of future bTB herd incident utilising data extracted from the national animal health database in Northern Ireland. Based on multivariable analyses the risk of a future bTB herd incident was positively associated with the number of SCITT reactors identified during the incident period (hazard ratio = 1.861 in incidents >5 SCITT reactors compared to incidents with only one SCITT reactor; P < 0.001), but not with bTB confirmation. These findings suggest that the probability of residual bTB infection in a herd increases with an increasing number of SCITT reactors disclosed during a bTB herd incident. It was concluded that bTB herd incidents with multiple SCITT reactors should be subjected to stricter control measures irrespective of bTB infection confirmation status.
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18
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Roupie V, Alonso-Velasco E, Van Der Heyden S, Holbert S, Duytschaever L, Berthon P, Van Dosselaer I, Van Campe W, Mostin L, Biet F, Roels S, Huygen K, Fretin D. Evaluation of mycobacteria-specific gamma interferon and antibody responses before and after a single intradermal skin test in cattle naturally exposed to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and experimentally infected with M. bovis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 196:35-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Zhu B, Dockrell HM, Ottenhoff THM, Evans TG, Zhang Y. Tuberculosis vaccines: Opportunities and challenges. Respirology 2018; 23:359-368. [PMID: 29341430 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious disease around the world. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only TB vaccine licensed for use in human beings, and is effective in protecting infants and children against severe miliary and meningeal TB. However, BCG's protective efficacy is variable in adults. Novel TB vaccine candidates being developed include whole-cell vaccines (recombinant BCG (rBCG), attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis, killed M. tuberculosis or Mycobacterium vaccae), adjuvanted protein subunit vaccines, viral vector-delivered subunit vaccines, plasmid DNA vaccines, RNA-based vaccines etc. At least 12 novel TB vaccine candidates are now in clinical trials, including killed M. vaccae, rBCG ΔureC::hly, adjuvanted fusion proteins M72 and H56 and viral vectored MVA85A. Unfortunately, in TB, there are no correlates of vaccine-induced protection, although cell-mediated immune responses such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production are widely used to assess vaccine's immunogenicity. Recent studies suggested that central memory T cells and local secreted IgA correlated with protection against TB disease. Clinical TB vaccine efficacy trials should invest in identifying correlates of protection, and evaluate new TB biomarkers emerging from human and animal studies. Accumulating new knowledge on M. tuberculosis antigens and immune profiles correlating with protection or disease risk will be of great help in designing next generation of TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingdong Zhu
- Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research and Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hazel M Dockrell
- Department of Immunology and Infection and Tuberculosis Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Katale BZ, Mbugi EV, Siame KK, Keyyu JD, Kendall S, Kazwala RR, Dockrell HM, Fyumagwa RD, Michel AL, Rweyemamu M, Streicher EM, Warren RM, van Helden P, Matee MI. Isolation and Potential for Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis at Human-livestock-wildlife Interface of the Serengeti Ecosystem, Northern Tanzania. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 64:815-825. [PMID: 26563417 PMCID: PMC5434928 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), is a multihost pathogen of public health and veterinary importance. We characterized the M. bovis isolated at the human-livestock-wildlife interface of the Serengeti ecosystem to determine the epidemiology and risk of cross-species transmission between interacting hosts species. DNA was extracted from mycobacterial cultures obtained from sputum samples of 472 tuberculosis (TB) suspected patients and tissue samples from 606 livestock and wild animal species. M. bovis isolates were characterized using spoligotyping and Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) on 24 loci. Only 5 M. bovis were isolated from the cultured samples. Spoligotyping results revealed that three M. bovis isolates from two buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) and 1 African civet (Civettictis civetta) belonged to SB0133 spoligotype. The two novel strains (AR1 and AR2) assigned as spoligotype SB2290 and SB2289, respectively, were identified from indigenous cattle (Bos indicus). No M. bovis was detected from patients with clinical signs consistent with TB. Of the 606 animal tissue specimens and sputa of 472 TB-suspected patients 43 (7.09%) and 12 (2.9%), respectively, yielded non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), of which 20 isolates were M. intracellulare. No M. avium was identified. M. bovis isolates from wildlife had 45.2% and 96.8% spoligotype pattern agreement with AR1 and AR2 strains, respectively. This finding indicates that bTB infections in wild animals and cattle were epidemiologically related. Of the 24 MIRU-VNTR loci, QUB 11b showed the highest discrimination among the M. bovis strains. The novel strains obtained in this study have not been previously reported in the area, but no clear evidence for recent cross-species transmission of M. bovis was found between human, livestock and wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Z. Katale
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of MedicineMuhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS)Dar es SalaamTanzania
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI)ArushaTanzania
| | - E. V. Mbugi
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of MedicineMuhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS)Dar es SalaamTanzania
| | - K. K. Siame
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis ResearchDivision of Molecular Biology and Human GeneticsFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityTygerbergCape TownSouth Africa
| | - J. D. Keyyu
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI)ArushaTanzania
| | - S. Kendall
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic diseasesRoyal Veterinary College (RVC)Hawkshead LaneNorth MymmsHatfieldHertfordshireUK
| | - R. R. Kazwala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineSokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)MorogoroTanzania
| | - H. M. Dockrell
- Department of Immunology and InfectionLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUK
| | - R. D. Fyumagwa
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI)ArushaTanzania
| | - A. L. Michel
- Department Veterinary Tropical DiseasesFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaOnderstepoortSouth Africa
| | - M. Rweyemamu
- Southern African Centre for Infectious Diseases Surveillance (SACIDS)Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)Chuo KikuuMorogoroTanzania
| | - E. M. Streicher
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis ResearchDivision of Molecular Biology and Human GeneticsFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityTygerbergCape TownSouth Africa
| | - R. M. Warren
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis ResearchDivision of Molecular Biology and Human GeneticsFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityTygerbergCape TownSouth Africa
| | - P. van Helden
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis ResearchDivision of Molecular Biology and Human GeneticsFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityTygerbergCape TownSouth Africa
| | - M. I. Matee
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of MedicineMuhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS)Dar es SalaamTanzania
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Mayer FQ, Reis EMD, Bezerra AVA, Rodrigues RO, Michel T, Cerva C, Bertagnolli AC. Nasal swab real-time PCR is not suitable for in vivo diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonosis causing economic losses and public health risks in many countries. The disease diagnosis in live animals is performed by intradermal tuberculin test, which is based on delayed hypersensitivity reactions. As tuberculosis has complex immune response, this test has limitations in sensitivity and specificity. This study sought to test an alternative approach for in vivo diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA samples, extracted from nasal swabs of live cows, were used for SYBR® Green real-time PCR, which is able to differentiate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complexes. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the results of tuberculin test, the in vivo gold standard bTB diagnosis method, with real-time PCR, thereby determining the specificity and sensitivity of molecular method. Cervical comparative test (CCT) was performed in 238 animals, of which 193 had suitable DNA from nasal swabs for molecular analysis, as indicated by amplification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, and were included in the study. In total, 25 (10.5%) of the animals were CCT reactive, of which none was positive in the molecular test. Of the 168 CCT negative animals, four were positive for M. tuberculosis complex at real time PCR from nasal swabs. The comparison of these results generated values of sensitivity and specificity of 0% and 97.6%, respectively; moreover, low coefficients of agreement and correlation (-0.029 and -0.049, respectively) between the results obtained with both tests were also observed. This study showed that real-time PCR from nasal swabs is not suitable for in vivo diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis; thus tuberculin skin test is still the best option for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Vinícius A. Bezerra
- Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazil; Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Michel
- Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazil
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22
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Chen H, Liu X, Ma X, Wang Q, Yang G, Niu H, Li S, He B, He S, Dannenberg AM, Zhu B, Zhang Y. A New Rabbit-Skin Model to Evaluate Protective Efficacy of Tuberculosis Vaccines. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:842. [PMID: 28567030 PMCID: PMC5434645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: BCG protection is suboptimal and there is significant interest to develop new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. However, there are significant limitations of the current vaccine evaluation systems in the mouse model. Here, we developed a BCG-challenge rabbit skin model as a new way to evaluate the protective efficacy of selected TB subunit vaccine candidates. Methods: Rabbits were immunized with subunit vaccines, including EAMM (ESAT6-Ag85B-MPT64<190−198>-Mtb8.4), MH (Mtb10.4-HspX), and LT70 (ESAT6-Ag85B-MPT64<190−198>-Mtb8.4-Rv2626c) three times subcutaneously every 3-weeks and challenged with the attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG intradermally 6-weeks after last immunization. The immune response induced by the vaccine candidates was measured, the histopathology induced by the BCG challenge was studied, and the number of bacilli in the liquefied caseum was determined. Results: The subunit vaccines generated high antigen-specific IgG antibodies and fastened the liquefaction and healing process, and significantly reduced the viable BCG load. The subunit vaccine LT70 and EAMM-MH reduced BCG bacterial load in comparison to proteins EAMM, MH, Rv2626c, and also BCG itself. The Koch phenomena induced by the LT70 and combination of EAMM-MH were the same as that produced by BCG itself and were more rapid than those induced by the other proteins and the saline controls. Conclusions: The subunit vaccines LT70 and the combination of EAMM-MH showed promising protective efficacy as expected in the rabbit skin model, which can serve as a visual and convenient new model for evaluating TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Lab of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transfer Medicine & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Gansu Key Lab of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transfer Medicine & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Xingming Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Lab of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transfer Medicine & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Lab of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transfer Medicine & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Niu
- Gansu Key Lab of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transfer Medicine & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Shuaixiang Li
- Gansu Key Lab of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transfer Medicine & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Bingzheng He
- Gansu Key Lab of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transfer Medicine & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Lab of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transfer Medicine & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Arthur M Dannenberg
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Gansu Key Lab of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transfer Medicine & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, United States
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23
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Meunier NV, Sebulime P, White RG, Kock R. Wildlife-livestock interactions and risk areas for cross-species spread of bovine tuberculosis. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2017; 84:e1-e10. [PMID: 28155286 PMCID: PMC6238759 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v84i1.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of diseases between livestock and wildlife can be a hindrance to effective disease control. Maintenance hosts and contact rates should be explored to further understand the transmission dynamics at the wildlife-livestock interface. Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) has been shown to have wildlife maintenance hosts and has been confirmed as present in the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) in Uganda since the 1960s. The first aim of this study was to explore the spatio-temporal spread of cattle illegally grazing within the QENP recorded by the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) rangers in a wildlife crime database. Secondly, we aimed to quantify wildlife-livestock interactions and cattle movements, on the border of QENP, using a longitudinal questionnaire completed by 30 livestock owners. From this database, 426 cattle sightings were recorded within QENP in 8 years. Thirteen (3.1%) of these came within a 300 m-4 week space-time window of a buffalo herd, using the recorded GPS data. Livestock owners reported an average of 1.04 (95% CI 0.97-1.11) sightings of Uganda kob, waterbuck, buffalo or warthog per day over a 3-month period, with a rate of 0.22 (95% CI 0.20-0.25) sightings of buffalo per farmer per day. Reports placed 85.3% of the ungulate sightings and 88.0% of the buffalo sightings as further than 50 m away. Ungulate sightings were more likely to be closer to cattle at the homestead (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.6) compared with the grazing area. Each cattle herd mixed with an average of five other cattle herds at both the communal grazing and watering points on a daily basis. Although wildlife and cattle regularly shared grazing and watering areas, they seldom came into contact close enough for aerosol transmission. Between species infection transmission is therefore likely to be by indirect or non-respiratory routes, which is suspected to be an infrequent mechanism of transmission of BTB. Occasional cross-species spillover of infection is possible, and the interaction of multiple wildlife species needs further investigation. Controlling the interface between wildlife and cattle in a situation where eradication is not being considered may have little impact on BTB disease control in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha V Meunier
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
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24
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Dong X, Luo Y, Gao Q, Lu X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Wang J, Ma X, Zhu B. Effects of MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) on liquefaction and ulceration in rabbit skin model of tuberculosis. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:282-286. [PMID: 27585546 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease, which caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It typically affects the functions of the lung and causes high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. The lectin pathway, one of the complement cascade systems, provides the primary line of defense against invading pathogens. However, what is the specific effection between tuberculosis and complement is unknown. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a recognition subunit, binds to arrays of carbohydrates on the surfaces of pathogens, which results in the activation of MBL-associated serine protease-2 to trigger a downstream reaction cascade of complement system. The effects of human MBL-associated serine protease-2 (hMASP-2) were assessed in a rabbit-skin model by intradermal injection of 5 × 106 viable BCG bacilli. The rAd-hMASP-2 accelerated the formation of liquefaction and healing of the granuloma lesions, reduced the bacteria loads of the skin nodules. The serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ were significantly increasing during the granuloma and liquefaction phases in the rAd-hMASP-2 group. This study suggests that hMASP-2 can induce a protective efficacy in BCG-infected rabbit skin models, which affects both the progress of lesions and the survival of the mycobacteria within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jingqiu Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xingming Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Key Lab of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transfer Medicine & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Key Lab of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transfer Medicine & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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25
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Beechler BR, Manore CA, Reininghaus B, O'Neal D, Gorsich EE, Ezenwa VO, Jolles AE. Enemies and turncoats: bovine tuberculosis exposes pathogenic potential of Rift Valley fever virus in a common host, African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:rspb.2014.2942. [PMID: 25788592 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquity and importance of parasite co-infections in populations of free-living animals is beginning to be recognized, but few studies have demonstrated differential fitness effects of single infection versus co-infection in free-living populations. We investigated interactions between the emerging bacterial disease bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and the previously existing viral disease Rift Valley fever (RVF) in a competent reservoir host, African buffalo, combining data from a natural outbreak of RVF in captive buffalo at a buffalo breeding facility in 2008 with data collected from a neighbouring free-living herd of African buffalo in Kruger National Park. RVF infection was twice as likely in individual BTB+ buffalo as in BTB- buffalo, which, according to a mathematical model, may increase RVF outbreak size at the population level. In addition, co-infection was associated with a far higher rate of fetal abortion than other infection states. Immune interactions between BTB and RVF may underlie both of these interactions, since animals with BTB had decreased innate immunity and increased pro-inflammatory immune responses. This study is one of the first to demonstrate how the consequences of emerging infections extend beyond direct effects on host health, potentially altering the dynamics and fitness effects of infectious diseases that had previously existed in the ecosystem on free-ranging wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Beechler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - C A Manore
- Center for Computational Science, Tulane University, Tulane, LA, USA
| | - B Reininghaus
- Mpumalanga State Veterinary Services, Nelspruit, Mpumalanga, South Africa
| | - D O'Neal
- Odum School of Ecology and Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - E E Gorsich
- Environmental Sciences, Oregon State University, OR, USA
| | - V O Ezenwa
- Odum School of Ecology and Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - A E Jolles
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA
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26
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Risk factors for visible lesions or positive laboratory tests in bovine tuberculosis reactor cattle in Northern Ireland. Prev Vet Med 2015; 120:283-90. [PMID: 25957973 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An observational case-control study was conducted to investigate risk factors for confirmed bovine tuberculosis (bTB) infection in cattle reacting positively to the single intradermal comparative cervical test (SICCT) in Northern Ireland in the years 1998, 2002 and 2006. Macroscopic lesions were detected at slaughter (positive visible lesion (VL) status) in 43.0% of reactor cattle, whilst 45.3% of those sampled were confirmed as bTB positive due to the presence of lesions or positive histopathology/mycobacterial culture (positive bTB status). In 97.5% of the reactors, the VL status and bTB status were either both negative or both positive. Generalized linear mixed model analyses were conducted on data of 24,923 reactor cattle with the variables herd identifier, local veterinary office (DVO) and abattoir being used as random effects within all the models generated at univariable and multivariable level. The other variables within the dataset were used as fixed effects. Significant risk factors associated with VL status and bTB status at multivariable level (p<0.05) included age at death, breed, sex, test year, net increase in skin thickness at bovine tuberculin injection site, epidemiological status of skin test, total number of reactors at the disclosure test, mean herd size and prior response to the skin test. These risk factors are likely related to the time since infection, the strength of the challenge of infection and the susceptibility of the animal. These findings are important as the detection of visible lesions and the confirmation of bTB are an integral part of the overall bTB control programme in Northern Ireland and the veterinary meat inspection and hygiene programme. The visible lesion status and bTB status of an animal can affect the way in which bTB breakdowns are managed, since failure to detect visible lesions and recovery of Mycobacterium bovis can lead to a less stringent follow-up after other risk factors have been taken into account.
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27
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Batista Linhares M, Belloy L, Origgi FC, Lechner I, Segner H, Ryser-Degiorgis MP. Investigating the role of free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the re-emergence of enzootic pneumonia in domestic pig herds: a pathological, prevalence and risk-factor study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119060. [PMID: 25747151 PMCID: PMC4352045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzootic pneumonia (EP) caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has a significant economic impact on domestic pig production. A control program carried out from 1999 to 2003 successfully reduced disease occurrence in domestic pigs in Switzerland, but recurrent outbreaks suggested a potential role of free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a source of re-infection. Since little is known on the epidemiology of EP in wild boar populations, our aims were: (1) to estimate the prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae infections in wild boar in Switzerland; (2) to identify risk factors for infection in wild boar; and (3) to assess whether infection in wild boar is associated with the same gross and microscopic lesions typical of EP in domestic pigs. Nasal swabs, bronchial swabs and lung samples were collected from 978 wild boar from five study areas in Switzerland between October 2011 and May 2013. Swabs were analyzed by qualitative real time PCR and a histopathological study was conducted on lung tissues. Risk factor analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression modeling. Overall prevalence in nasal swabs was 26.2% (95% CI 23.3–29.3%) but significant geographical differences were observed. Wild boar density, occurrence of EP outbreaks in domestic pigs and young age were identified as risk factors for infection. There was a significant association between infection and lesions consistent with EP in domestic pigs. We have concluded that M. hyopneumoniae is widespread in the Swiss wild boar population, that the same risk factors for infection of domestic pigs also act as risk factors for infection of wild boar, and that infected wild boar develop lesions similar to those found in domestic pigs. However, based on our data and the outbreak pattern in domestic pigs, we propose that spillover from domestic pigs to wild boar is more likely than transmission from wild boar to pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainity Batista Linhares
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luc Belloy
- Institut Galli-Valerio, Laboratoire d’Analyses vétérinaires, Département du Territoire et de l’Environnement, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco C. Origgi
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Lechner
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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28
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TALE nickase-mediated SP110 knockin endows cattle with increased resistance to tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1530-9. [PMID: 25733846 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421587112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated genome modification has been applied successfully to create transgenic animals in various species, such as mouse, pig, and even monkey. However, transgenic cattle with gene knockin have yet to be created using TALENs. Here, we report site-specific knockin of the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) nickase-mediated SP110 nuclear body protein gene (SP110) via homologous recombination to produce tuberculosis-resistant cattle. In vitro and in vivo challenge and transmission experiments proved that the transgenic cattle are able to control the growth and multiplication of Mycobacterium bovis, turn on the apoptotic pathway of cell death instead of necrosis after infection, and efficiently resist the low dose of M. bovis transmitted from tuberculous cattle in nature. In this study, we developed TALE nickases to modify the genome of Holstein-Friesian cattle, thereby engineering a heritable genome modification that facilitates resistance to tuberculosis.
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Domingo M, Vidal E, Marco A. Pathology of bovine tuberculosis. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97 Suppl:S20-9. [PMID: 24731532 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic granulomatous caseous-necrotising inflammatory process that mainly affects the lungs and their draining lymph nodes (Ln.). The pathological changes associated with bTB infection reflect the interplay between the host defence mechanisms and the mycobacterial virulence factors and the balance between the immunologic protective responses and the damaging inflammatory processes. Inhalation is the most common infection route and causes lesions of the nasopharynx and lower respiratory tract, including its associated lymph nodes. The initial infection (primary complex) may be followed by chronic (post-primary) tuberculosis or may be generalised. Goat tuberculosis often produces liquefactive necrosis and caverns, similarly to human TB. The assessment of the severity of TB lesions is crucial for vaccine trials. Semi-quantitative gross lesion scoring systems have been developed for cattle, but imaging technology has allowed the development of more standardised, objective, and quantitative methods, such as multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), which provides quantitative measures of lesion volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Domingo
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Anatomia I Sanitat Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain.
| | - E Vidal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Marco
- Departament de Anatomia I Sanitat Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
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Waters WR, Maggioli MF, McGill JL, Lyashchenko KP, Palmer MV. Relevance of bovine tuberculosis research to the understanding of human disease: historical perspectives, approaches, and immunologic mechanisms. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 159:113-32. [PMID: 24636301 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pioneer studies on infectious disease and immunology by Jenner, Pasteur, Koch, Von Behring, Nocard, Roux, and Ehrlich forged a path for the dual-purpose with dual benefit approach, demonstrating a profound relevance of veterinary studies for biomedical applications. Tuberculosis (TB), primarily due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans and Mycobacterium bovis in cattle, is an exemplary model for the demonstration of this concept. Early studies with cattle were instrumental in the development of the use of Koch's tuberculin as an in vivo measure of cell-mediated immunity for diagnostic purposes. Calmette and Guerin demonstrated the efficacy of an attenuated M. bovis strain (BCG) in cattle prior to use of this vaccine in humans. The interferon-γ release assay, now widely used for TB diagnosis in humans, was developed circa 1990 for use in the Australian bovine TB eradication program. More recently, M. bovis infection and vaccine efficacy studies with cattle have demonstrated a correlation of vaccine-elicited T cell central memory (TCM) responses to vaccine efficacy, correlation of specific antibody to mycobacterial burden and lesion severity, and detection of antigen-specific IL-17 responses to vaccination and infection. Additionally, positive prognostic indicators of bovine TB vaccine efficacy (i.e., responses measured after infection) include: reduced antigen-specific IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-4, and MIP1-α responses; reduced antigen-specific expansion of CD4(+) T cells; and a diminished activation profile on T cells within antigen stimulated cultures. Delayed type hypersensitivity and IFN-γ responses correlate with infection but do not necessarily correlate with lesion severity whereas antibody responses generally correlate with lesion severity. Recently, serologic tests have emerged for the detection of tuberculous animals, particularly elephants, captive cervids, and camelids. B cell aggregates are consistently detected within tuberculous lesions of humans, cattle, mice and various other species, suggesting a role for B cells in the immunopathogenesis of TB. Comparative immunology studies including partnerships of researchers with veterinary and medical perspectives will continue to provide mutual benefit to TB research in both man and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ray Waters
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Mayara F Maggioli
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jodi L McGill
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Mitchell V Palmer
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
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RETROSPECTIVE SEROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN TWO GEMSBOK (ORYX GAZELLE GAZELLE) AND AN ONAGER (EQUUS HEMIONUS ONAGER). J Zoo Wildl Med 2013; 44:1036-42. [DOI: 10.1638/2013-0064r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Canto Alarcon GJ, Rubio Venegas Y, Bojorquez Narvaez L, Pizano Martínez OE, García Casanova L, Sosa Gallegos S, Nava Vargas A, Olvera Ramírez AM, Milian Suazo F. Efficacy of a vaccine formula against tuberculosis in cattle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76418. [PMID: 24204624 PMCID: PMC3799756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
"Test-and-slaughter" has been successful in industrialized countries to control and eradicate tuberculosis from cattle; however, this strategy is too expensive for developing nations, where the prevalence is especially high. Vaccination with the Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strain has been shown to protect against the development of lesions in vaccinated animals: mouse, cattle and wildlife species. In this study, the immune response and the pathology of vaccinated (BCG-prime and BCG prime-CFP-boosted) and unvaccinated (controls) calves were evaluated under experimental settings. A 10(6) CFU dose of the BCG strain was inoculated subcutaneously on the neck to two groups of ten animas each. Thirty days after vaccination, one of the vaccinated groups was boosted with an M. bovis culture filtrate protein (CFP). Three months after vaccination, the three groups of animals were challenged with 5×10(5) CFU via intranasal by aerosol with a field strain of M. bovis. The immune response was monitored throughout the study. Protection was assessed based on immune response (IFN-g release) prechallenge, presence of visible lesions in lymph nodes and lungs at slaughter, and presence of bacilli in lymph nodes and lung samples in histological analysis. Vaccinated cattle, either with the BCG alone or with BCG and boosted with CFP showed higher IFN-g response, fewer lesions, and fewer bacilli per lesion than unvaccinated controls after challenge. Animals with low levels of IFN-g postvaccine-prechallenge showed more lesions than animals with high levels. Results from this study support the argument that vaccination could be incorporated into control programs to reduce the incidence of TB in cattle in countries with high prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yezenia Rubio Venegas
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro., México
| | | | - Oscar E. Pizano Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Ajuchitlán, Qro., México
| | - Leticia García Casanova
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Ajuchitlán, Qro., México
| | - Susana Sosa Gallegos
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Alejandro Nava Vargas
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Ajuchitlán, Qro., México
| | | | - Feliciano Milian Suazo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro., México
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Vegh P, Foroushani ABK, Magee DA, McCabe MS, Browne JA, Nalpas NC, Conlon KM, Gordon SV, Bradley DG, MacHugh DE, Lynn DJ. Profiling microRNA expression in bovine alveolar macrophages using RNA-seq. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 155:238-44. [PMID: 24021155 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and are known to play a key role in regulating both adaptive and innate immunity. Bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) help maintain lung homeostasis and constitute the front line of host defense against several infectious respiratory diseases, such as bovine tuberculosis. Little is known, however, about the role miRNAs play in these cells. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing approach, RNA-seq, to determine the expression levels of known and novel miRNAs in unchallenged BAMs isolated from lung lavages of eight different healthy Holstein-Friesian male calves. Approximately 80 million sequence reads were generated from eight BAM miRNA Illumina sequencing libraries, and 80 miRNAs were identified as being expressed in BAMs at a threshold of at least 100 reads per million (RPM). The expression levels of miRNAs varied over a large dynamic range, with a few miRNAs expressed at very high levels (up to 800,000RPM), and the majority lowly expressed. Notably, many of the most highly expressed miRNAs in BAMs have known roles in regulating immunity in other species (e.g. bta-let-7i, bta-miR-21, bta-miR-27, bta-miR-99b, bta-miR-146, bta-miR-147, bta-miR-155 and bta-miR-223). The most highly expressed miRNA in BAMs was miR-21, which has been shown to regulate the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Mycobacterium leprae-infected human monocytes. Furthermore, the predicted target genes of BAM-expressed miRNAs were found to be statistically enriched for roles in innate immunity. In addition to profiling the expression of known miRNAs, the RNA-seq data was also analysed to identify potentially novel bovine miRNAs. One putatively novel bovine miRNA was identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first RNA-seq study to profile miRNA expression in BAMs and provides an important reference dataset for investigating the regulatory roles miRNAs play in this important immune cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vegh
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland; Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Bosco-Lauth A, Podell B, Soffler C, Brooks E, Izzo A, Sanchez-Campillo J, Bowen R. Experimental aerosol Mycobacterium bovis model of infection in goats. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:558-64. [PMID: 23850102 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of animal models is essential in testing the efficacy for novel therapies against tuberculosis (TB). Calves and non-human primates are examples of large animal models currently used to test TB vaccine efficacy but these animals are difficult and very expensive to house under high containment conditions. The goat may represent an effective but less expensive alternative for testing prototype vaccines against TB. Goats are susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Aerosolized bacteria are the most common source of natural infection in humans and the primary site of natural infection is the respiratory tract. We developed a simple procedure for infecting goats with M. bovis by aerosol exposure. After 8 and 12 weeks of infection the goats were euthanized, post-mortem analysis was performed, and all exposed animals presented TB compatible lesions in the lung and associated lymph nodes. Selected lung lesions and respiratory lymph nodes were evaluated and cultured for bacteriological and histological analysis. The present work shows a reliable new animal model of aerosol infection to be used in the understanding of TB disease and development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
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35
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Maas M, Michel AL, Rutten VPMG. Facts and dilemmas in diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 36:269-85. [PMID: 23218541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis, causing bovine tuberculosis (BTB), has been recognized as a global threat at the wildlife-livestock-human interface, a clear "One Health" issue. Several wildlife species have been identified as maintenance hosts. Spillover of infection from these species to livestock or other wildlife species may have economic and conservation implications and infection of humans causes public health concerns, especially in developing countries. Most BTB management strategies rely on BTB testing, which can be performed for a range of purposes, from disease surveillance to diagnosing individual infected animals. New diagnostic assays are being developed for selected wildlife species. This review investigates the most frequent objectives and associated requirements for testing wildlife for tuberculosis at the level of individual animals as well as small and large populations. By aligning those with the available (immunological) ante mortem diagnostic assays, the practical challenges and limitations wildlife managers and researchers are currently faced with are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maas
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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36
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BCG vaccination against tuberculosis in European badgers (Meles meles): A review. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35:277-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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37
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Murray D, Clegg TA, More SJ. Evaluation of single reactor bovine tuberculosis breakdowns based on analysis of reactors slaughtered at an Irish export meat plant. Vet Rec 2012; 170:516. [PMID: 22535751 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The 'Singleton Protocol' was adopted by the Irish Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (DAFF) in 1996 to address the incomplete specificity of the single intra-dermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT) used in Ireland for the detection of animals infected with bovine tuberculosis (bTB). The protocol allows the early restoration of disease-free status to herds with a single reactor breakdown, where the herd was not confirmed as infected with Mycobacterium bovis by epidemiological investigation, by postmortem examination or by further test. The current study examines the ability of the Singleton Protocol to identify false-positive reactors. It investigates the subsequent herd-reactor rate following single reactor removal and analyses the factors leading to a positive postmortem lesion outcome and a positive reactor retest result. Postmortem lesion results were obtained for 371 reactor animals from single reactor breakdowns that were killed at an export meat plant over a 19-month period. Epidemiological and test data for these animals and their herds were obtained from DAFF databases and analysed by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Singleton candidates had an 18.7 per cent lower lesion rate than single animal breakdowns not meeting the singleton criteria. No significant difference was found between Singletons and non singletons in the subsequent reactor retest results. Skin thickness at the SICTT is the most significant determinant of a positive lesion result. The area bTB history was shown to be a significant variable in producing a positive reactor retest result.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Murray
- Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine, Veterinary Public Health Inspection Service, Agriculture House, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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38
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Beechler BR, Broughton H, Bell A, Ezenwa VO, Jolles AE. Innate immunity in free-ranging African buffalo (Syncerus caffer): associations with parasite infection and white blood cell counts. Physiol Biochem Zool 2012; 85:255-64. [PMID: 22494981 DOI: 10.1086/665276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian immunology has been studied in great detail in laboratory animals, but few of the tools and less of the insight derived from these studies have been placed in the context of natural, outbred wildlife populations subject to variable environments. We investigated patterns of innate immunity in free-ranging African buffalo in relation to host traits (age, reproductive status, body condition, white blood cell counts) and disease status (bovine tuberculosis [BTB], gastrointestinal nematodes, coccidia, ticks). We evaluated and used an in vitro assay measuring bactericidal competence of blood to assess a component of innate immunity in 200 female buffalo captured at Kruger National Park, South Africa, in June/July and October 2008. Animals with BTB had higher bactericidal competence of blood. Animals with higher neutrophil counts had higher bactericidal competence, whereas animals with lower lymphocyte counts had higher bactericidal competence. This pattern was driven by animals captured at the end of the dry season (October) and may be evidence of immune polarization, whereby individuals are unable to upregulate multiple components of immunity simultaneously. Bactericidal competence did not vary with host pregnancy status, body condition, age, lactation, tick infestation, nematode egg count, or coccidia oocyst count. Overall, we demonstrate that the bactericidal competence assay is practical and informative for field-based studies in wild bovids. Our results also show a correlation between bactericidal competence and bovine tuberculosis infection and reveal possible functional polarizations between different types of immune response in a free-ranging mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna R Beechler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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39
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Biffa D, Bogale A, Godfroid J, Skjerve E. Factors associated with severity of bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopian cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44:991-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Experimental model of tuberculosis in the domestic goat after endobronchial infection with Mycobacterium caprae. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1872-81. [PMID: 21880849 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05323-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Caprine tuberculosis (TB) has increased in recent years, highlighting the need to address the problem the infection poses in goats. Moreover, goats may represent a cheaper alternative for testing of prototype vaccines in large ruminants and humans. With this aim, a Mycobacterium caprae infection model has been developed in goats. Eleven 6-month-old goats were infected by the endobronchial route with 1.5 × 10(3) CFU, and two other goats were kept as noninfected controls. The animals were monitored for clinical and immunological parameters throughout the experiment. After 14 weeks, the goats were euthanized, and detailed postmortem analysis of lung lesions was performed by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and direct observation. The respiratory lymph nodes were also evaluated and cultured for bacteriological analysis. All infected animals were positive in a single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) test at 12 weeks postinfection (p.i.). Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) antigen-specific responses were detected from 4 weeks p.i. until the end of the experiment. The humoral response to MPB83 was especially strong at 14 weeks p.i. (13 days after SICCT boost). All infected animals presented severe TB lesions in the lungs and associated lymph nodes. M. caprae was recovered from pulmonary lymph nodes in all inoculated goats. MDCT allowed a precise quantitative measure of TB lesions. Lesions in goats induced by M. caprae appeared to be more severe than those induced in cattle by M. bovis over a similar period of time. The present work proposes a reliable new experimental animal model for a better understanding of caprine tuberculosis and future development of vaccine trials in this and other species.
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Proaño-Pérez F, Benitez-Ortiz W, Desmecht D, Coral M, Ortiz J, Ron L, Portaels F, Rigouts L, Linden A. Post-mortem examination and laboratory-based analysis for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis among dairy cattle in Ecuador. Prev Vet Med 2011; 101:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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McCallan L, Corbett D, Andersen PL, Aagaard C, McMurray D, Barry C, Thompson S, Strain S, McNair J. A New Experimental Infection Model in Ferrets Based on Aerosolised Mycobacterium bovis. Vet Med Int 2011; 2011:981410. [PMID: 21547237 PMCID: PMC3087619 DOI: 10.4061/2011/981410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant interest in developing vaccines to control bovine tuberculosis, especially in wildlife species where this disease continues to persist in reservoir species such as the European Badger (Meles meles). However, gaining access to populations of badgers (protected under UK law) is problematic and not always possible. In this study, a new infection model has been developed in ferrets (Mustela furo), a species which is closely related to the badger. Groups of ferrets were infected using a Madison infection chamber and were examined postmortem for the presence of tuberculous lesions and to provide tissue samples for confirmation of Mycobacterium bovis by culture. An infectious dose was defined, that establishes infection within the lungs and associated lymph nodes with subsequent spread to the mesentery lymph nodes. This model, which emphasises respiratory tract infection, will be used to evaluate vaccines for the control of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyanne McCallan
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
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The testing season affects red deer skinfold increase in response to phytohaemagglutinin. Prev Vet Med 2011; 100:79-83. [PMID: 21440317 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Red deer (Cervus elaphus) have a pronounced seasonality in their physiology. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the season on red deer responsiveness to skin testing with the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) mitogen. Study subjects included 270 farmed adult red deer (19 stags and 251 hinds). The skin testing was carried out between January 2009 and August 2010. The animals were injected intradermally with a 0.1 ml volume containing 250 μg of PHA diluted in phosphate buffered saline. The skinfold thickness was measured immediately prior to injection and 72 h after administration, always by the same person and with three repeats per measurement. Single effects of sex and time on skin test responsiveness were significant (p < 0.001) as well as their interaction (p < 0.001). In winter (January), and considering the average of two years, the skinfold increase in response to the intradermal injection of 250 μg PHA was 2.1 times larger in stags and 1.4 times in hinds than in summer (August). While stags had 1.3 times larger responses than hinds in winter, the inverse occurred in summer, with 1.1 times larger responses in hinds. We also evidenced a limited inter-annual variation of skinfold increase in response to PHA in red deer. These findings have important consequences regarding the interpretation of skin test results in the ante-mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis, at least in deer.
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Ramírez-Villaescusa A, Medley G, Mason S, Green L. Herd and individual animal risks associated with bovine tuberculosis skin test positivity in cattle in herds in south west England. Prev Vet Med 2009; 92:188-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Aguilar León D, Zumárraga MJ, Jiménez Oropeza R, Gioffré AK, Bernardelli A, Orozco Estévez H, Cataldi AA, Hernández Pando R. Mycobacterium bovis with different genotypes and from different hosts induce dissimilar immunopathological lesions in a mouse model of tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 157:139-47. [PMID: 19659779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the hypothesis that genetic variability of Mycobacterium bovis could influence virulence and immunopathology, five M. bovis strains were selected from an epidemiological study in Argentina on the basis of their prevalence in cattle and occurrence in other species. We then determined the virulence and the immunopathology evoked by these strains in a well-characterized mouse model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. The reference strain AN5 was used as a control. BALB/c mice infected with this M. bovis reference strain showed 50% survival after 4 months of infection, with moderate bacillary counts in the lung. Two weeks after inoculation, it induced a strong inflammatory response with numerous granulomas and progressive pneumonia. In contrast, strain 04-303, isolated from a wild boar, was the most lethal and its most striking feature was sudden pneumonia with extensive necrosis. Strain 04-302, also isolated from wild boar but with a different spoligotype, induced similar pathology but to a lesser extent. In contrast, strains 534, V2 (both from cattle) and 02-2B (from human) were less virulent, permitting higher survival after 4 months of infection and limited tissue damage. Strain AN5 and the cattle and human isolates induced rapid, high and stable expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In contrast, the more virulent strains induced lower expression of IFN-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and iNOS. Interestingly, these more virulent strains induced very low expression of murine beta defensin 4 (mBD-4); whereas, the control strain AN5 induced progressive expression of this anti-microbial peptide, peaking at day 120. The less virulent strains induced high mBD-4 expression during early infection. Thus, as reported with clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis also showed variable virulence. This variability can be attributed to the induction of a different pattern of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aguilar León
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
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46
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Ameni G, Aseffa A, Hewinson G, Vordermeier M. Comparison of different testing schemes to increase the detection Mycobacterium bovis infection in Ethiopian cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2009; 42:375-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Alvarez AH, Estrada-Chávez C, Flores-Valdez MA. Molecular findings and approaches spotlighting Mycobacterium bovis persistence in cattle. Vet Res 2009; 40:22. [PMID: 19220975 PMCID: PMC2695034 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) are the etiological agents of human and bovine tuberculosis (TB, bTB) respectively, and share genetic identity over 99% at the whole genome level. Progress has been made towards explaining how mycobacteria and their infected hosts remain in balance without producing clinical symptoms of disease, a phenomenon referred to as latency or persistence, which can be mimicked by certain in vitro conditions. Latency/persistence has mainly been studied using Mtb, where the two-component signalling system, dosRS, has been assigned an instrumental role, and even constitutes the current basis for development of new diagnostic methods and treatment addressing this particular stage of TB. M. bovis conserves homolog genes that in Mtb play a role in human latent TB infection and that, by analogy, would allow it to enter a persistent state in infected cattle; nevertheless, little attention has been paid to this stage in bovine hosts. We suggest that many of the advances acquired through the study of Mtb can and should be taken into consideration by research groups and veterinary professionals dealing with bTB. The study of the infection in bovines, paying particular attention to defining the molecular and cellular markers of a M. bovis persistent infection in cattle, presents great opportunities for the development and trial of new diagnostic tests and vaccines, tools that will surely help in promoting eradication of bTB in high-burden settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel H Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencía en Tecnologá y diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ) A.C., Unidad de Biotecnología, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44270, México
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Gene expression profiles of European wild boar naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 129:119-25. [PMID: 19131115 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Global gene expression profiles were analyzed in European wild boar naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Spleen RNA was extracted from 23 M. bovis-infected and 17 uninfected animals and analyzed using a Pigoligoarray representing 20,400 genes. Differentially expressed sequences (N=161) were identified affecting cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell communication and signal transduction, cell growth and/or maintenance, cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis, DNA repair, immune response, metabolism and energy pathways, protein metabolism, regulation of cell proliferation, regulation of gene expression, regulation of nucleic acid metabolism, regulation of physiological processes, and transport. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of mRNA levels was used to corroborate microarray results of selected genes. Immune response genes were among the most represented differentially expressed sequences and were selected for further discussion. Beta-defensin 129, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 and B-cell receptor-associated protein 29 were overexpressed in infected animals. Lower expression levels of the immune response genes galectin-1, complement component C1qB and certain HLA class I and class II histocompatibility antigens and immunoglobulin chains were found in infected animals. This study identified new mechanisms by which naturally infected European wild boar respond to M. bovis infection and how the pathogen circumvents host immune responses to establish infection. Gene expression studies in naturally infected wildlife reservoirs of bovine tuberculosis are important for functional genomics and vaccine studies to aid in disease control in wildlife.
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Naranjo V, Gortazar C, Vicente J, de la Fuente J. Evidence of the role of European wild boar as a reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Vet Microbiol 2008; 127:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rodgers JD, Connery NL, McNair J, Welsh MD, Skuce RA, Bryson DG, McMurray DN, Pollock JM. Experimental exposure of cattle to a precise aerosolised challenge of Mycobacterium bovis: A novel model to study bovine tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2007; 87:405-14. [PMID: 17602870 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-aerosol models of bovine tuberculosis are limited in reproducibility and relevance to natural cases seen in farmed animals. Therefore, there is a need for aerosol models of infection in cattle that can reproduce bovine tuberculosis as seen in natural cases of the disease. This manuscript describes a cattle tuberculosis model based on the inhalation of a precisely defined dose of Mycobacterium bovis in aerosol form, and defines those sites of M. bovis deposition following aerosol inhalation. The dissemination of bacilli and the resultant pathological change following infection is also described. Cattle aged 4-5 months, were infected with approximately 10(4) colony forming units (CFU), using a Madison chamber that had been modified to deliver aerosols to calves. In Experiment 1, calves were examined for gross pathology at post mortem (PM) examination at 93 and 132 days post-infection (PI), respectively. In Experiment 2, pairs of calves were examined for gross pathology at PM examination at 1 day PI and 7 days PI, respectively. At PM examination, samples were taken for bacteriology. Retrospective counts showed that the calves inhaled between 3 x 10(4) and 8 x 10(4)CFU of M. bovis. In Experiment 1, pathology indicative of tuberculosis and detection of M. bovis by qualitative bacteriology was found throughout the lower respiratory tract (LRT). In Experiment 2, pathology was only observed in a single site of one calf at day 7 PI. Samples positive for M. bovis by bacteriology were predominantly in the LRT. The numbers of M. bovis CFU recovered and the distributions of positive sites were greater at day 7 PI than day 1 PI. This study describes an aerosol exposure method that can deliver a defined dose of M. bovis almost exclusively to the LRT. The distribution of M. bovis and lesions indicative of tuberculosis suggests this aerosol method replicates the primary mode of tuberculosis transmission in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Rodgers
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stoney Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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