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Wang J, Zou Z, Hu M, Shan X, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Zhang X, Islam N, Hu Q. Riemerella anatipestifer UvrC is required for iron utilization, biofilm formation and virulence. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:247-256. [PMID: 38420684 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2317431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
UvrC is a subunit of excinuclease ABC, which mediates nucleotide excision repair (NER) in bacteria. Our previous studies showed that transposon Tn4531 insertion in the UvrC encoding gene Riean_1413 results in reduced biofilm formation by Riemerella anatipestifer strain CH3 and attenuates virulence of strain YZb1. In this study, whether R. anatipestifer UvrC has some biological functions other than NER was investigated. Firstly, the uvrC of R. anatipestifer strain Yb2 was in-frame deleted by homologous recombination, generating deletion mutant ΔuvrC, and its complemented strain cΔuvrC was constructed based on Escherichia coli - R. anatipestifer shuttle plasmid pRES. Compared to the wild-type (WT) R. anatipestifer strain Yb2, uvrC deleted mutant ΔuvrC significantly reduced biofilm formation, tolerance to H2O2- and HOCl-induced oxidative stress, iron utilization, and adhesion to and invasion of duck embryonic hepatocytes, but not its growth curve and proteolytic activity. In addition, animal experiments showed that the LD50 value of ΔuvrC in ducklings was about 13-fold higher than that of the WT, and the bacterial loads in ΔuvrC infected ducklings were significantly lower than those in Yb2-infected ducklings, indicating uvrC deletion in R. anatipestifer attenuated virulence. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that R. anatipestifer UvrC is required for iron utilization, biofilm formation, oxidative stress tolerance and virulence of strain Yb2, demonstrating multiple functions of UvrC.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSDeletion of uvrC in R. anatipestfer Yb2 significantly reduced its biofilm formation.uvrC deletion led to reduced tolerance to H2O2- and HOCl-induced oxidative stress.The iron utilization of uvrC deleted mutant was significantly reduced.The uvrC deletion in R. anatipestifer Yb2 attenuated its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuocheng Zou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinggen Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Miao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoYing Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghai Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Deng J, Wang X, Zhang L, Xu Y, Ren J, Niu S, Zhao Y, Yan F, Tian WX, Yan Y. Isolation, identification, and proteomic analysis of outer membrane vesicles of Riemerella anatipestifer SX-1. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103639. [PMID: 38547673 PMCID: PMC11180376 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer, belonging to Weeksellaceae family Riemerella, is a bacterium that can infect ducks, geese, and turkeys, causing diseases known as duck infectious serositis, new duck disease, and duck septicemia. We collected diseased materials from ducks on a duck farm in China and then isolated and purified a strain of serotype 1 R. anatipestifer named SX-1. Animal experiments showed that SX-1 is a highly virulent strain with an LD50 value of 101 CFU/mL. The complete genome sequence was obtained. The complete genome sequence of R. anatipestifer SX-1 was 2,112,539 bp; 847 genes were involved in catalytic activity, and 445 genes were related to the cell membrane. The total length of the repetitive sequences was 8746 bp. Four CRISPR loci were predicted in R. anatipestifer strain SX-1, and 4 genomic islands were predicted. Concentration and ultra-high-speed centrifugation were used to extract the outer membrane vesicles of R. anatipestifer SX-1. The OMVs were extracted successfully. Particle size analysis revealed the size and abundance of particles: 147.4 nm, 94.9%; 293.6 nm, 1.1%; 327.2 nm, 1.1%; 397.2 nm, 0.3%; and 371.8 nm, 1.1%. The average size was 173.5 nm. Label-free proteomic technology was used to identify proteins in the outer membrane vesicles. ATCC 11845 served as the reference genome sequence, and 148 proteins were identified using proteomic analysis, which were classified into 5 categories based on their sources. Among them, 24 originated from cytoplasmic proteins, 4 from extracellular secreted proteins, 27 from outer membrane proteins, 10 from periplasmic proteins, and 83 from unknown sources. This study conducted a proteomic analysis of OMVs to provide a theoretical basis for the development of R. anatipestifer OMVs vaccines and adjuvants and lays the foundation for further research on the relationship between the pathogenicity of R. anatipestifer and OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jianfeng Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Wuhan Green-agr biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianle Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Sheng Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Fang Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wen-Xia Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yi Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.
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Li S, Wang Y, Yang R, Zhu X, Bai H, Deng X, Bai J, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Li Z, Liu Z, Zhou Z. Outer membrane protein OMP76 of Riemerella anatipestifer contributes to complement evasion and virulence by binding to duck complement factor vitronectin. Virulence 2023; 14:2223060. [PMID: 37326479 PMCID: PMC10281475 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2223060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is an important bacterial pathogen in poultry. Pathogenic bacteria recruit host complement factors to resist the bactericidal effect of serum complement. Vitronectin (Vn) is a complementary regulatory protein that inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). Microbes use outer membrane proteins (OMPs) to hijack Vn for complement evasion. However, the mechanism by which R. anatipestifer achieves evasion is unclear. This study aimed to characterise OMPs of R. anatipestifer which interact with duck Vn (dVn) during complement evasion. Far-western assays and comparison of wild-type and mutant strains that were treated with dVn and duck serum demonstrated particularly strong binding of OMP76 to dVn. These data were confirmed with Escherichia coli strains expressing and not expressing OMP76. Combining tertiary structure analysis and homology modelling, truncated and knocked-out fragments of OMP76 showed that a cluster of critical amino acids in an extracellular loop of OMP76 mediate the interaction with dVn. Moreover, binding of dVn to R. anatipestifer inhibited MAC deposition on the bacterial surface thereby enhancing survival in duck serum. Virulence of the mutant strain ΔOMP76 was attenuated significantly relative to the wild-type strain. Furthermore, adhesion and invasion abilities of ΔOMP76 decreased, and histopathological changes showed that ΔOMP76 was less virulent in ducklings. Thus, OMP76 is a key virulence factor of R. anatipestifer. The identification of OMP76-mediated evasion of complement by recruitment of dVn contributes significantly to the understanding of the molecular mechanism by which R. anatipestifer escapes host innate immunity and provides a new target for the development of subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongkun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongying Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuncai Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zili Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengfei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zutao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Zheng X, Xu S, Wang Z, Tao X, Liu Y, Dai L, Li Y, Zhang W. Sifting through the core-genome to identify putative cross-protective antigens against Riemerella anatipestifer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3085-3098. [PMID: 36941438 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Infectious serositis of ducks, caused by Riemerella anatipestifer, is one of the main infectious diseases that harm commercial ducks. Whole-strain-based vaccines with no or few cross-protection were observed between different serotypes of R. anatipestifer, and so far, control of infection is hampered by a lack of effective vaccines, especially subunit vaccines with cross-protection. Since the concept of reverse vaccinology was introduced, it has been widely used to screen for protective antigens in important pathogens. In this study, pan-genome binding reverse vaccinology, an emerging approach to vaccine candidate screening, was used to screen for cross-protective antigens against R. anatipestifer. Thirty proteins were identified from the core-genome as potential cross-protective antigens. Three of these proteins were recombinantly expressed, and their immunoreactivity with five antisera (anti-serotypes 1, 2, 6, 10, and 11) was demonstrated by Western blotting. Our study established a method for high-throughput screening of cross-protective antigens against R. anatipestifer in silico, which will lay the foundation for the development of a cross-protective subunit vaccine controlling R. anatipestifer infection. KEY POINTS: • Pan-genome binding reverse vaccine approach was first established in R. anatipestifer to screen for subunit vaccine candidates. • Thirty potential cross-protective antigens against R. anatipestifer were identified by this method. • The reliability of the method was verified preliminarily by the results of Western blotting of three of these potential antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkuan Zheng
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya, 572024, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sixiang Xu
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya, 572024, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhuohao Wang
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya, 572024, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xingyu Tao
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya, 572024, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250100, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Hainan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, 16 Xingdan Road, Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Yubao Li
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya, 572024, China.
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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OmpA is involved in the invasion of duck brain microvascular endothelial cells by Riemerella anatipestifer. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109692. [PMID: 36863175 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy, the disease remains detrimental to humans, livestock, and poultry. Riemerella anatipestifer is a gram-negative bacterium causing duckling serositis and meningitis. However, the virulence factors contributing to its binding and invasion of duck brain microvascular endothelial cells (DBMECs) and penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have never been reported. In this study, immortalized DBMECs were successfully generated and used as an in vitro-model of duck BBB. Furthermore, ompA gene deletion mutant of the pathogen and multiple complemented strains carrying the complete ompA gene and its truncated forms were constructed. Bacterial growth, invasion, and adhesion assays and animal experiments were performed. The results show that the OmpA protein of R. anatipestifer had no effect on bacterial growth and adhesion ability to DBMECs. The role of OmpA in the invasion of R. anatipestifer into DBMECs and duckling BBB was confirmed. The amino acids 230-242 of OmpA represents a key domain involved in R. anatipestifer invasion. In addition, another OmpA1164 protein constituted by the amino acids 102-488 within OmpA could function as a complete OmpA. The signal peptide sequence from amino acids 1-21 had no significant effect on OmpA functions. In conclusion, this study illustrated that OmpA is an important virulence factor mediating R. anatipestifer invasion of DBMECs and penetration of the duckling BBB.
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Shen R, Yu Y, Chen Z, Zhu M, Feng Y, Niu P, Yu S. Riemerella anatipestifer Endonuclease I displays enzymatic activity and is associated with bacterial virulence. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109700. [PMID: 36807978 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is an important pathogen of waterfowl, causing septicemic and exudative diseases. We previously reported that the R. anatipestifer AS87_RS02625 is a secretory protein of the type IX secretion system (T9SS). In this study, R. anatipestifer T9SS protein AS87_RS02625 was determined to be a functional Endonuclease I (EndoI), which has DNase and RNase activities. Optimal temperature and pH of the recombinant R. anatipestifer EndoI (rEndoI) to cleave λDNA were determined as 55-60 °C and 7.5 respectively. The DNase activity of the rEndoI was dependent on the presence of divalent metal ions. Presence of Mg2+ at a concentration range of 7.5-15 mM in the rEndoI reaction buffer displayed the highest DNase activity. In addition, the rEndoI displayed RNase activity to cleave MS2-RNA (ssRNA), either in the absence or presence of divalent cations Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+. The DNase activity of the rEndoI was significantly enhanced by Mg2+, Mn2+ and Ca2+ but not Zn2+ and Cu2+. Moreover, we indicated that R. anatipestifer EndoI functioned on the bacterial adherence, invasion, in vivo survival and inducing inflammatory cytokines. These results indicate that the R. anatipestifer T9SS protein AS87_RS02625 is a novel EndoI, displays endonuclease activity and plays an important role in bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Shen
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongchao Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yating Feng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Pengfei Niu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China.
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DEAD Box Protein DhR1 Is a Global Regulator Involved in the Bacterial Fitness and Virulence of Riemerella anatipestifer. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0034122. [PMID: 36598230 PMCID: PMC9879107 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00341-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DEAD box proteins perform diverse cellular functions in bacteria. Our group previously reported that the transposon Tn4531 insertion in Riean_0395 (designated dhR1), which encodes a putative DEAD box helicase, attenuated the virulence of R. anatipestifer strain YZb1. Here, we show that, compared to the wild-type (WT) R. anatipestifer strain Yb2, the growth or survival of the ΔdhR1 mutant in tryptic soy broth (TSB) was significantly decreased in response to cold, pH, osmotic stress, ethanol, Triton X-100, and oxidative stress, and the dhR1 deletion significantly reduced biofilm formation and the adhesion capacity to Vero cells, whereas the growth of ΔdhR1 was less impaired in iron-limited TSB. Moreover, the virulence of ΔdhR1 in ducklings was attenuated by about 80-fold, compared to the WT. In addition, a transcriptome analysis showed that the dhR1 deletion in the strain Yb2 affected the expression of 58 upregulated genes and 98 downregulated genes that are responsible for various functions. Overall, our work reveals that the deletion of DhR1 results in a broad effect on the bacterial fitness, biofilm formation, iron utilization, and virulence of R. anatipestifer, which makes it a global regulator. IMPORTANCE R. anatipestifer infection has been a continued and serious problem in many duck farms, but little is known about the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of R. anatipestifer and how R. anatipestifer adapts to the external environment and thereby persists in duck farms. The results of this study demonstrate that the DEAD box protein DhR1 is required for the tolerance of R. anatipestifer to cold, pH, and other stresses, and it is also necessary for biofilm formation, iron utilization, and virulence in ducklings, demonstrating multiple functions of DhR1.
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Wang J, Chen Y, He X, Du X, Gao Y, Shan X, Hu Z, Hu Q. PaR1 secreted by the type IX secretion system is a protective antigen of Riemerella anatipestifer. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1082712. [PMID: 36713192 PMCID: PMC9874225 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1082712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer mainly infects domestic ducks, geese, turkeys, and other birds, and causes considerable economic losses to the global duck industry. Previous studies have shown that concentrated cell-free culture filtrates of R. anatipestifer induce highly significant protection against homologous challenge. In this study, 12 immunogenic proteins were identified in the culture supernatant of R. anatipestifer strain Yb2 with immunoproteomic analysis. Of these, three immunogenic proteins, AS87_RS06600 (designated "PaR1" in this study), AS87_RS09020, and AS87_RS09965, which appeared in more than three spots on the western-blotted membrane, were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Animal experiments showed that the recombinant PaR1 (rPaR1) protein protected 41.67% of immunized ducklings against challenge with virulent Yb2, whereas rAS87_RS09020 or rAS87_RS09965 did not, and that ducklings immunized once with rPaR1 were 20, 40, and 0% protected from challenge with R. anatipestifer strains WJ4 (serotype 1), Yb2 (serotype 2), and HXb2 (serotype 10), respectively. In addition, rPaR1 immunized rabbit serum showed bactericidal activity against strain Yb2 at a titer of 1:8. These results indicate that rPaR1 of strain Yb2 protects against homologous challenge. Amino acid homology analysis show that PaR1 is a non-serotype-specific protein among different R. anatipestifer serotypes. Furthermore, PaR1 is mainly secreted outside the cell through the T9SS. Overall, our results demonstrate that R. anatipestifer PaR1 is a non-serotype-specific protective protein secreted by the T9SS.
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Riemerella anatipestifer GldG is necessary for secretion of effectors by type IX secretion system. Vet Microbiol 2023; 276:109628. [PMID: 36508857 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer secretes proteins through the type IX secretion system (T9SS). Recent studies have shown that the R. anatipestifer T9SS component proteins GldM and GldK also act as crucial virulence factors. In our previous study, the disruption of AS87_RS00460 gene, which encodes the predicted protein GldG, significantly reduced the bacterial virulence of R. anatipestifer wild-type strain Yb2, but the mechanism was unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of the GldG in bacterial virulence and protein secretion using the mutant strain Yb2ΔgldG and complementation strain cYb2ΔgldG. Our results demonstrate that the gldG gene encodes a gliding-motility-associated ABC transporter substrate-binding protein GldG, which was localized to the bacterial membrane in an immunoblotting analysis, and functions in the bacterium's adherence to and invasion of host cells and its survival in host blood. The resistance of mutant strain Yb2ΔgldG to complement-dependent killing was significantly reduced. Yb2ΔgldG displayed reduced gliding motility and deficient protein secretion. Label-free quantification (LFQ) with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) showed that 10 proteins with a conserved T9SS C-terminal domain were differentially secreted by Yb2ΔgldG and Yb2. The secretion levels of those 10 proteins were determined with immunoblotting, and the results were consistent with the LFQ LC-MS data. All of these effects were rescued by complementation with a plasmid encoding Yb2 gldG. Our results demonstrate that the R. anatipestifer gldG gene encodes the protein GldG, which is involved in bacterial virulence and protein secretion.
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Huang M, Liu M, Liu J, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Chen S, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Gao Q, Huang J, Ou X, Mao S, Tian B, Sun D, Cheng A. Evaluation of the immunoprotection efficacy of Riemerella anatipestifer fur-deficient mutant as an attenuated vaccine. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102450. [PMID: 36621099 PMCID: PMC9841290 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer, RA) is an infectious pathogen that causes septicemia and polyserositis in ducks. Our previous studies showed that RA CH-1 ∆fur was significantly attenuated in ducklings, which highlights the potential of this strain as a live attenuated vaccine. In this study, it was shown that infection with 109 CFU of the fur mutant did not cause any clinical symptoms or significant histological lesions in 3-day-old ducklings and that the bacteria were readily cleared by the host within 3 d. Compared with the nonvaccinated group, the group inoculated with the mutant strain RA CH-1 ∆fur exhibited protection of ducklings against a high-dose (2.28 × 1010 CFU) challenge with the wild-type strain RA CH-1. Moreover, the average body weights and body weight gains of the Δfur-inoculated group were not significantly affected by the challenge. Further analysis revealed that RA CH-1 ∆fur elicited higher IgY titers and that the serum antibody levels persisted for at least 49 d after immunization. Overall, our study showed that RA CH-1 ∆fur is a safe and effective vaccine candidate that is expected to play an important role in RA CH-1 infection prevention in the duck industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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11
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Li J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shi B, Gan L, Yu S, Jia X, Yang K, Li Z. Immunogenicity of live phoP gene deletion strain of Riemerella anatipestifer serotype 1. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102294. [PMID: 36436377 PMCID: PMC9706625 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck infectious serositis is an acute and infectious disease caused by Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) that leads to perihepatitis, pericarditis, meningitis, and airbag inflammation in ducks, which causes serious economic losses to the global duck industry. The phoP/phoR is a novel 2-component signal transduction system first reported in gram-negative bacteria, of which phoP acts as a global regulator and virulence factor. In this study, the phoP gene from the R. anatipestifer YM strain was knocked out using homologous recombination technology and replaced with the spectinomycin resistance gene (Spec). The virulence of the R. anatipestifer YMΔphoP strain was reduced by approximately 47,000 times compared to that of the wild-type R. anatipestifer YM strain. Ducks were immunized with live R. anatipestifer YMΔphoP strain by subcutaneous inoculation at a dose of 106 to 107 CFU (0.2 mL per duck) and challenged with the wild-type R. anatipestifer YM strain 14 days later. The protection rate in the immunized group was 100%. The growth characteristics of ducks in the immunized and negative control groups were normal, and the research demonstrated R. anatipestifer YMΔphoP strain have suitable immunogenicity and protective effects. Thus, the study findings suggest that the novel R. anatipestifer YMΔphoP strain may provide a candidate for the development of a gene deletion activated vaccine against duck infectious serositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Baolan Shi
- Sinopharm Animal Health Corporation Ltd., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Luoxin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangchao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China,Corresponding author:
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12
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Riemerella anatipestifer AS87_RS02955 Acts as a Virulence Factor and Displays Endonuclease Activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0127622. [PMID: 36106871 PMCID: PMC9552600 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01276-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is an important bacterial pathogen in the global duck industry and causes heavy economic losses. In our previous study, we demonstrated that R. anatipestifer type IX secretion system components GldK and GldM, and the secretion protein metallophosphoesterase, acted as virulence factors. In this study, R. anatipestifer AS87_RS02955 was investigated for virulence and enzymatic activity properties. We constructed AS87_RS02955 mutation and complementation strains to assess bacterial virulence. In vivo bacterial loads showed a significantly reduced bacterial loads in the blood of ducks infected with mutant strain Yb2Δ02955, which was recovered in the blood of ducks infected with the complementation strain cYb2Δ02955, demonstrating that AS87_RS02955 was associated with virulence. Further studies showed AS87_RS02955 was a novel nonspecific endonuclease with no functionally conserved domain, but enzymatic activity toward DNA and RNA was indicated. DNase activity was activated by Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Mn2+ ions but inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. RNase activity was independent of metal cations, but stimulated by Mg2+, Ca2+, and Mn2+. RAS87_RS02955 enzymatic activity was active across a broad pH and temperature range. Moreover, we identified four sites in rAS87_RS02955, F39, F92, I134, and F145, which were critical for enzymatic activity. In summary, we showed that R. anatipestifer AS87_RS02955 encoded a novel endonuclease with important roles in bacterial virulence. IMPORTANCE R. anatipestifer AS87_RS02955 was identified as a novel T9SS effector and displayed a nonspecific endonuclease activity in this study. The protein did not contain a conserved His-Asn-His motif structure, which is similar to the endonuclease from Prevotella sp. Its mutant strain Yb2Δ02955 demonstrated significantly attenuated virulence, suggesting AS87_RS02955 is an important virulence factor. Moreover, AS87_RS02955 displayed nonspecific endonuclease activity to cleave λ DNA and MS2 RNA, while four protein sites were critical for endonuclease activity. In conclusion, R. anatipestifer AS87_RS02955 plays important roles in bacterial virulence.
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13
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Genome-Wide Analysis and Characterization of the Riemerella anatipestifer Putative T9SS Secretory Proteins with a Conserved C-Terminal Domain. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0007322. [PMID: 35670588 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00073-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is a major pathogenic agent of duck septicemic and exudative diseases. Recent studies have shown that the R. anatipestifer type IX secretion system (T9SS) acts as a crucial virulence factor. We previously identified two T9SS component proteins, GldK and GldM, and one T9SS effector metallophosphoesterase, which play important roles in bacterial virulence. In this study, 19 T9SS-secreted proteins that contained a conserved T9SS C-terminal domain (CTD) were predicted in R. anatipestifer strain Yb2 by searching for CTD-encoding sequences in the whole genome. The proteins were confirmed with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the bacterial culture supernatant. Nine of them were reported in our previous study. We generated recombinant proteins and mouse antisera for the 19 predicted proteins to confirm their expression in the bacterial culture supernatant and in bacterial cells. Western blotting indicated that the levels of 14 proteins were significantly reduced in the T9SS mutant Yb2ΔgldM culture medium but were increased in the bacterial cells. RT-qPCR indicated that the expression of these genes did not differ between the wild-type strain Yb2 and the T9SS mutant Yb2ΔgldM. Nineteen mutant strains were successfully constructed to determine their virulence and proteolytic activity, which indicated that seven proteins are associated with bacterial virulence, and two proteins, AS87_RS04190 and AS87_RS07295, are protease-activity-associated virulence factors. In summary, we have identified at least 19 genes encoding T9SS-secreted proteins in the R. anatipestifer strain Yb2 genome, which encode multiple functions associated with the bacterium's virulence and proteolytic activity. IMPORTANCE Riemerella anatipestifer T9SS plays an important role in bacterial virulence. We have previously reported nine R. anatipestifer T9SS-secreted proteins and clarified the function of the metallophosphoesterase. In this study, we identified 10 more secreted proteins associated with the R. anatipestifer T9SS, in addition to the nine previously reported. Of these, 14 proteins showed significantly reduced secretion into the bacterial culture medium but increased expression in the bacterial cells of the T9SS mutant Yb2ΔgldM; seven proteins were shown to be associated with bacterial virulence; and two proteins, AS87_RS04190 and AS87_RS07295, were shown to be protease-activity-associated virulence factors. Thus, we have demonstrated that multiple R. anatipestifer T9SS-secreted proteins function in virulence and proteolytic activity.
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14
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Ke T, Yang D, Yan Z, Yin L, Shen H, Luo C, Xu J, Zhou Q, Wei X, Chen F. Identification and Pathogenicity Analysis of the Pathogen Causing Spotted Spleen in Muscovy Duck. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846298. [PMID: 35677936 PMCID: PMC9169529 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since September 2020, the clinical symptoms of Muscovy duck spleen spots have appeared in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, and other provinces, resulting in a large number of Muscovy duck deaths and great economic losses. The absence of the typical clinical symptoms caused by pathogenic microorganisms makes the cause of the spotted spleen a mystery. High-throughput sequencing results suggested that Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) may be the pathogen. Then, R. anatipestifer was regarded as the research target for isolation, identification, and pathogenicity assessment. After biochemical test, PCR amplification, and serotype determination, it was confirmed that the isolated strain CZG-1 was serotype 15 R. anatipestifer. Typical spotted spleen symptoms were observed after CZG-1 infection. Furthermore, drug sensitivity assays showed the similar drug-resistant spectrum of R. anatipestifer serotype 15 to other serotypes; for example, all test strains were resistant to polymyxin, gentamicin, and neomycin. The CZG-1 strain has high pathogenicity, and its lethal dose of 50% (LD50) is 35.122 CFU/ml. Virulence gene determination showed that the CZG-1 strain had at least five virulence genes, bioF, TSS9-1, TSS9-2, PncA, and 0373Right. Above all, this study identified and proved that the pathogen of spotted spleen in ducks was R. anatipestifer serotype 15, which caused death of ducks without the typical symptoms of bacterial infection. The results of this study enriched the knowledge of symptom after R. anatipestifer infection, provided a reference to the identification of the pathogen of spotted spleen, and provided theoretical basis for prevention and control of spotted spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqiao Ke
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Hanqin Shen
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Cuifen Luo
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
| | - Xiaona Wei
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, China
- Xiaona Wei
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Chen
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15
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Riemerella anatipestifer T9SS Effector SspA Functions in Bacterial Virulence and Defending Natural Host Immunity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0240921. [PMID: 35575548 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02409-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is a major pathogenic agent of duck septicemic and exudative diseases. Recent studies have shown that the R. anatipestifer type IX secretion system (T9SS) is a crucial factor in bacterial virulence. The AS87_RS04190 protein was obviously missing from the secreted proteins of the T9SS mutant strain Yb2ΔgldM. A bioinformatic analysis indicated that the AS87_RS04190 protein contains a T9SS C-terminal domain sequence and encodes a putative subtilisin-like serine protease (SspA). To determine the role of the putative SspA protein in R. anatipestifer pathogenesis and proteolysis, we constructed two strains with an sspA mutation and complementation, respectively, and determined their median lethal doses, their bacterial loads in infected duck blood, and their adherence to and invasion of cells. Our results demonstrate that the SspA protein functions in bacterial virulence. It is also associated with the bacterial protease activity and has a conserved catalytic triad structure (Asp126, His158, and Ser410), which is necessary for protein function. The optimal reactive pH and temperature were determined to be 7.0 and 50°C, respectively, and Km and Vmax were determined to be 10.15 mM and 246.96 U/mg, respectively. The enzymatic activity of SspA is activated by Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ and inhibited by Cu2+ and EDTA. SspA degrades gelatin, fibrinogen, and bacitracin LL-37. These results demonstrate that SspA is an effector protein of T9SS and functions in R. anatipestifer virulence and its proteolysis of gelatin, fibrinogen, and bacitracin LL-37. IMPORTANCE In recent years, Riemerella anatipestifer T9SS has been reported to act as a virulence factor. However, the functions of the proteins secreted by R. anatipestifer T9SS are not entirely clear. In this study, a secreted subtilisin-like serine protease SspA was shown to be associated with R. anatipestifer virulence, host complement evasion, and degradation of gelatin, fibrinogen, and LL-37. The enzymatic activity of recombinant SspA was determined, and its Km and Vmax were 10.15 mM and 246.96 U/mg, respectively. Three conserved sites (Asp126, His158, and Ser410) are necessary for the protein's function. The median lethal dose of the sspA-deleted mutant strain was reduced >10,000-fold, indicating that SspA is an important virulence factor. In summary, we demonstrate that the R. anatipestifer AS87_RS04190 gene encodes an important T9SS effector, SspA, which plays an important role in bacterial virulence.
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Gao Q, Lu S, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Mao S, Ou X, Sun D, Tian B, Cheng A. Putative Riemerella anatipestifer Outer Membrane Protein H Affects Virulence. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708225. [PMID: 34616377 PMCID: PMC8488386 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer causes serious contagious disease in ducks, geese, and other fowl. However, as a harmful pathogen causing significant economic losses in the poultry industry, R. anatipestifer is still poorly understood for its pathogenesis mechanisms. In a previous study, we developed an indirect ELISA method for detecting R. anatipestifer infection using B739_0832 protein, a putative outer membrane protein H (OmpH) that is conserved among different serotypes of R. anatipestifer. Although OmpH in some pathogenic bacteria, such as Pasteurella, has been reported as a virulence factor, it is still not clear whether B739_0832 protein contributes to the virulence of R. anatipestifer. In this study, we confirmed that B739_0832 protein in R. anatipestifer localizes to the outer membrane. We constructed a B739_0832 deletion mutant strain (ΔB739_0832) and assayed various effects from the deletion of B739_0832. ΔB739_0832 strain had a similar growth rate to wild-type R. anatipestifer CH-1. However, the survival rate of ducklings in 10 days after infection from ΔB739_0832 strain was 50%, whereas no ducklings survived from wild-type R. anatipestifer infection. Furthermore, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the ΔB739_0832 strain was approximately 150 times higher than that of the wild-type strain. Pathology examinations on infected ducklings found that, at 36 h after infection, bacterial loads in blood, liver, and brain tissues from ΔB739_0832-infected ducklings were considerably lower than those from wild-type infected ducklings. These results demonstrate that the B739_0832 protein contributes to the virulence of R. anatipestifer CH-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Gao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuwei Lu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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A Riemerella anatipestifer Metallophosphoesterase That Displays Phosphatase Activity and Is Associated with Virulence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.00086-21. [PMID: 33741629 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00086-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is an important pathogen of waterfowl, causing septicemic and exudative diseases. In our previous study, we demonstrated that bacterial virulence and secretion proteins of the type IX secretion system (T9SS) mutant strains Yb2ΔgldK and Yb2ΔgldM were significantly reduced, in comparison to those of wild-type strain Yb2. In this study, the T9SS secretion protein AS87_RS00980, which is absent from the secretion proteins of Yb2ΔgldK and Yb2ΔgldM, was investigated by construction of gene mutation and complementation strains. The virulence assessment showed >1,000-fold attenuated virulence and significantly reduced bacterial loads in the blood of ducks infected with Yb2Δ00980, the AS87_RS00980 gene deletion mutant strain. Bacterial virulence was recovered in complementation strain cYb2Δ00980 Further study indicated that the T9SS secretion protein AS87_RS00980 is a metallophosphoesterase (MPPE), which displayed phosphatase activity and was cytomembrane localized. Moreover, the optimal reactive pH and temperature were determined to be 7.0 and 60°C, respectively, and the Km and V max were determined to be 3.53 mM and 198.1 U/mg. The rMPPE activity was activated by Zn2+ and Cu2+ but inhibited by Fe3+, Fe2+, and EDTA. There are five conserved sites, namely, N267, H268 H351, H389, and H391, in the metallophosphatase domain. Mutant proteins Y267-rMPPE and Y268-rMPPE retained 29.30% and 19.81% relative activity, respectively, and mutant proteins Y351-rMPPE, Y389-rMPPE, and Y391-rMPPE lost almost all MPPE activity. Taken together, these results indicate that the R. anatipestifer AS87_RS00980 gene encodes an MPPE that is a secretion protein of T9SS that plays an important role in bacterial virulence.IMPORTANCE Riemerella anatipestifer T9SS was recently discovered to be associated with bacterial gliding motility and secretion of virulence factors. Several T9SS genes have been identified, but no effector has been reported in R. anatipestifer to date. In this study, we identified the T9SS secretion protein AS87_RS00980 as an MPPE that displays phosphatase activity and is associated with bacterial virulence. The enzymatic activity of the rMPPE was determined, and the Km and V max were 3.53 mM and 198.1 U/mg, respectively. Five conserved sites were also identified. The AS87_RS00980 gene deletion mutant strain was attenuated >1,000-fold, indicating that MPPE is an important virulence factor. In summary, we identified that the R. anatipestifer AS87_RS00980 gene encodes an important T9SS effector, MPPE, which plays an important role in bacterial virulence.
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Gong Y, Yang Y, Chen Y, Sun B, Xue Y, Xu X, Wang X, Islam N, Du X, Hu Q. Characterization of the hemolytic activity of Riemerella anatipestifer. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 166:436-439. [PMID: 32159508 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer infection causes serious economic losses in the duck industry worldwide. Acute septicemia and high blood bacterial loading in R. anatipestifer infected ducks indicate that R. anatipestifer may be able to obtain iron and other nutrients by lysing duck erythrocytes to support its rapid growth and proliferation in the blood. However, so far, little is known about the hemolytic activity of R. anatipestifer to duck erythrocytes. In this study, 29 of 52 R. anatipestifer strains showed hemolytic activity on duck blood agar, whereas all the tested dba+ (with hemolytic activity on duck blood agar) and dba- strains created pores in the duck red blood cells, with 4.35-9.03% hemolytic activity in a liquid hemolysis assay after incubation for 24 h. The concentrated culture supernatants of all the tested R. anatipestifer strains and the extracted outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from dba+ R. anatipestifer strains showed hemolytic activity on duck blood agar. These results, together with the median lethal dose (LD50) of some dba+ and dba- R. anatipestifer strains in ducklings, suggested that there was no direct relationship between the hemolytic capacity of R. anatipestifer on duck blood agar and its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Gong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yafei Xue
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Qinghai Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
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19
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Cheng Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Guo Y, Zhou Y, Xiao T, Zhang S, Xu H, Chen Y, Shan T, Xiao Y, Zhou K. Identification of novel tetracycline resistance gene tet(X14) and its co-occurrence with tet(X2) in a tigecycline-resistant and colistin-resistant Empedobacter stercoris. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:1843-1852. [PMID: 32731802 PMCID: PMC7473080 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1803769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tigecycline is one of the last-resort antibiotics to treat severe infections. Recently, tigecycline resistance has sporadically emerged with an increasing trend, and Tet(X) family represents a new resistance mechanism of tigecycline. In this study, a novel chromosome-encoded tigecycline resistance gene, tet(X14), was identified in a tigecycline-resistant and colistin-resistant Empedobacter stercoris strain ES183 recovered from a pig fecal sample in China. Tet(X14) shows 67.14-96.39% sequence identity to the other variants [Tet(X) to Tet(X13)]. Overexpression of Tet(X14) in Escherichia coli confers 16-fold increase in tigecycline MIC (from 0.125 to 2 mg/L), which is lower than that of Tet(X3), Tet(X4) and Tet(X6). Structural modelling predicted that Tet(X14) shared a high homology with the other 12 variants with RMSD value from 0.003 to 0.055, and Tet(X14) can interact with tetracyclines by a similar pattern as the other Tet(X)s. tet(X14) and two copies of tet(X2) were identified on a genome island with abnormal GC content carried by the chromosome of ES183, and no mobile genetic elements were found surrounding, suggesting that tet(X14) might be heterologously obtained by ES183 via recombination. Blasting in Genbank revealed that Tet(X14) was exclusively detected on the chromosome of Riemerella anatipestifer, mainly encoded on antimicrobial resistance islands. E. stercoris and R. anatipestifer belong to the family Flavobacteriaceae, suggesting that the members of Flavobacteriaceae maybe the major reservoir of tet(X14). Our study reports a novel chromosome-encoded tigecycline resistance gene tet(X14). The expanded members of Tet(X) family warrants the potential large-scale dissemination and the necessity of continuous surveillance for tet(X)-mediated tigecycline resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuntian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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20
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Sun B, Xue Y, Du X, He X, Zou Z, Tian X, Hu Z, Liu H, Islam N, Hu Q. Identification of genetic determinants of hemolytic activity of Riemerella anatipestifer using random transposon mutagenesis. Vet Res 2021; 52:19. [PMID: 33579370 PMCID: PMC7881567 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in poultry resulting in serious economic losses especially to the duck industry. In our previous study, R. anatipestifer was found to lyse duck erythrocytes in vitro. In the present study, a random Tn4351 mutagenesis library of hemolytic R. anatipestifer strain SX containing 4000 mutants was constructed to investigate the genetic basis of hemolytic activity. Thirty mutants with reduced hemolytic activity and one with increased hemolytic activity were screened and insertions in 24 genes were identified. Of these genes, four were predicted to encode outer membrane proteins, one encoded a cytoplasmic membrane protein, 11 encoded cytoplasmic proteins, and eight encoded proteins with unknown locations. Based on current annotations of the R. anatipestifer genomes, of the 24 genes, 7 (29.17%) were involved in iron utilization. The hemolytic activities of the complemented strains M2 (pRES-Riean_0790) and M18 (pRES-Riean_0653) were restored, indicating that both Riean_0653 and Riean_0790 are involved in the hemolytic activity of strain SX. However, the recombinant proteins rRiean_0317, rRiean_0790, rRiean_0653, rRiean_1027, rRiean_1143, and rRiean_1561 had no hemolytic activity, suggesting that none were hemolysins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, 30 Lane 855 Hongjing Road, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Yafei Xue
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zuocheng Zou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiangqiang Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhonghao Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qinghai Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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21
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Comparative genomics and metabolomics analysis of Riemerella anatipestifer strain CH-1 and CH-2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:616. [PMID: 33436670 PMCID: PMC7804117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is a major pathogenic microorganism in poultry causing serositis with significant mortality. Serotype 1 and 2 were most pathogenic, prevalent, and liable over the world. In this study, the intracellular metabolites in R. anatipestifer strains RA-CH-1 (serotype 1) and RA-CH-2 (serotype 2) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC–MS). The metabolic profiles were performed using hierarchical clustering and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results of hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the amounts of the detected metabolites were more abundant in RA-CH-2. RA-CH-1 and RA-CH-2 were separated by the PLS-DA model. 24 potential biomarkers participated in nine metabolisms were contributed predominantly to the separation. Based on the complete genome sequence database and metabolite data, the first large-scale metabolic models of iJL463 (RA-CH-1) and iDZ470 (RA-CH-2) were reconstructed. In addition, we explained the change of purine metabolism combined with the transcriptome and metabolomics data. The study showed that it is possible to detect and differentiate between these two organisms based on their intracellular metabolites using GC–MS. The present research fills a gap in the metabolomics characteristics of R. anatipestifer.
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22
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Fernandez-Colorado CP, Cammayo PLT, Flores RA, Nguyen BT, Kim WH, Kim S, Lillehoj HS, Min W. Anti-inflammatory activity of diindolylmethane alleviates Riemerella anatipestifer infection in ducks. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242198. [PMID: 33175869 PMCID: PMC7657562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
3,3’-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is found in cruciferous vegetables and is used to treat various inflammatory diseases because of its potential anti-inflammatory effects. To investigate effects of DIM in Riemerella anatipestifer-infected ducks which induce upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, ducks were treated orally with DIM at dose of 200 mg/kg/day and infected the following day with R. anatipestifer. Infected and DIM-treated ducks exhibited 14% increased survival rate and significantly decreased bacterial burden compared to infected untreated ducks. Next, the effect on the expression level of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-17A, IL-17F, IL-6, IL-1β) of both in vitro and in vivo DIM-treated groups was monitored by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Generally, the expression levels of the cytokines were significantly reduced in DIM-treated splenic lymphocytes stimulated with killed R. anatipestifer compared to stimulated untreated splenic lymphocytes. Similarly, the expression levels of the cytokines were significantly reduced in the spleens and livers of DIM-treated R. anatipestifer–infected ducks compared to infected untreated ducks. This study demonstrated the ameliorative effects of DIM in ducks infected with R. anatipestifer. Thus, DIM can potentially be used to prevent and/or treat R. anatipestifer infection via inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry P. Fernandez-Colorado
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Paula Leona T. Cammayo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rochelle A. Flores
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Binh T. Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo H. Kim
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Suk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S. Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Wongi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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23
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Tao M, Wang J, Li K, Xue Y, Xu X, Du X, He X, Tian X, Zou Z, Hu Z, Islam N, Hu Q. Development of signature-tagged mutagenesis in Riemerella anatipestifer to identify genes essential for survival and pathogenesis. Vet Microbiol 2020; 250:108857. [PMID: 32998086 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in ducks, geese, turkeys and other birds, and serious economic losses especially to the duck industry. However, little is known about the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. In this study, signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis based on Tn4351 was developed in R. anatipestifer to identify genes essential for survival and pathogenesis. Seventeen tagged Tn4351 random mutation libraries of the R. anatipestifer strain WJ4 containing 5100 mutants were screened for survive using a duckling infection model. Twenty mutants that could not be recovered from the infected ducklings, were identified, and 17 mutated genes were identified by inverse PCR or genome-walking PCR. Of these genes, FIP52_03215, FIP52_04350 and FIP52_09345, were inserted into two mutant strains, and FIP52_03215 and FIP52_03175 were found exclusively on the chromosome of serotype 1 R. anatipestifer strains. Twelve out of 17 genes encoding for proteins were predicted to be involved in amino acid, nucleotide, coenzyme, or lipid transport and metabolism, one gene was predicted to be involved in signal transduction, one gene was predicted to be involved in DNA replication, recombination and repair, the other three genes had an unknown function. Animal experiments showed that the virulence of mutants 16-284, 7-295, 24-231, 9-232 and 19-214 were significantly attenuated compared to that of the wild-type WJ4. Moreover, the median lethal dose of mutant 16-284 was greater than 1010 CFU, and its virulence to ducklings was partially restored when it was complemented with the shuttle expression plasmid pRES-FIP52_09345. The results in this study will be helpful to further study the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of R. anatipestifer infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Tao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jialing Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ke Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yafei Xue
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiangqiang Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zuocheng Zou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhonghao Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qinghai Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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24
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Wu HC, Chang WC, Wu MC, Wang HY, Chu CY. Assessment of immunization regimens of duck Riemerella anatipestifer vaccines. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1185-1192. [PMID: 32441051 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Riemerella anatipestifer infections of goslings and ducklings can result in high mortality. Since there are at least 21 serotypes of R. anatipestifer, cross-protection is an important goal for vaccine development. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we evaluated the immunostimulatory effect of different immunization regimens - the traditional inactivated vaccine vs prime-boost regimens using DNA and protein subunit vaccines (DNA+subunit, subunit+subunit, subunit+inactivated and DNA+DNA). Results showed that, when compared to the inactivated vaccine, prime-boost regimens induced higher and up to 16-week longer lasting levels of antibody responses, significantly elevated the percentage of the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell and higher expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-12 mRNAs. Furthermore, as an indication of cross-protection, sera from prime-boost regimens were able to recognize lysates of R. anatipestifer serotypes 1, 2 and 6. CONCLUSIONS Prime-boost regimens especially DNA-prime and protein-boost, induce strong long-term immune response and may prove protective for breeder ducks requiring long-term protection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY It is worth mentioning that the subunit+inactivated regimen group also elicited strong immune response. The cost of this regimen may only be half of the other prime-boost regimens, making this subunit + inactivated combination an attractive option.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Wu
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - W-C Chang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - M-C Wu
- International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Wang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Chu
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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25
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Cammayo PLT, Fernandez-Colorado CP, Flores RA, Roy A, Kim S, Lillehoj HS, Kim WH, Min W. IL-17A treatment influences murine susceptibility to experimental Riemerella anatipestifer infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:103633. [PMID: 31991165 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer causes infectious disease and considerable economic loss in the duck industry worldwide. Our previous studies demonstrated an association between proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A and R. anatipestifer infection. Here, we provide evidence for IL-17A involvement in R. anatipestifer infection using a mouse model. Mice showed higher resistance to R. anatipestifer infection than ducks, with median lethal doses (LD50) of 3.5 × 1010 and 5 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU), respectively. Twenty-four hours after infection, mice with a sub-lethal dose (3.5 × 109 CFU) exhibited levels of IL-17A and IL-23 expression similar to uninfected mice. Thus, we hypothesized that exogenous IL-17A or IL-23 administration affects susceptibility of mice to R. anatipestifer. Mice pretreated with IL-17A or IL-23 prior to sub-lethal dose infection of R. anatipestifer exhibited increased bacterial burden and spleen weights compared to untreated infected mice, confirming the involvement of IL-17A in susceptibility to R. anatipestifer infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Leona T Cammayo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherry P Fernandez-Colorado
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Banos, College, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Rochelle A Flores
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Anindita Roy
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Woo H Kim
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Wongi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Yang D, Mai K, Zhou Q, Zhu Y, Xing J, Luo C, Liu S, Zhou Q, Huang W, Luo J, Liu J. The protective efficacy of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin Y(IgY) against Riemerella Anatipestifer infections. Vet Microbiol 2020; 243:108642. [PMID: 32273021 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is the significant pathogen of septicemia and duck infectious serositis, diseases which can result in high mortality for ducklings. However, these diseases are difficult to treat because of the bacteria's broad resistance to multiple drugs. The purpose of this study was to produce a specific egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) targeted to RA, and to evaluate the protective efficacy of this IgY against RA infection. An RA-inactivated vaccine was produced via centrifugation and formalin treatment, using the most predominant serotype 2 wild-type strains in terms of worldwide prevalence. Anti-RA IgY was produced by immunizing Beijing Red No.1 hens with the inactivated vaccine. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that the titer levels of anti-RA IgY antibodies increased significantly after exposure. Specific IgY isolated and purified from yolks effectively inhibited the growth of RA in the antibacterial activity assay, which revealed an 80 % reduction of bacteria populations. Animal experiments showed that duckling survival rates were able to reach up to 100 % after the ducklings were treated with 10 mg intramuscular injections of anti-RA IgY from 1 to 12 h after infection. However, the survival rates of ducklings treated with 30 mg of nonspecific IgY at 1 h after infection were 0%. Additionally, ducklings injected once with anti-RA IgY received complete protection in the first week, but the efficacy of this protection almost entirely disappeared after two weeks. The results suggested that specific anti-RA IgY has the potential to improve the degree of protection and responsiveness of ducklings to RA infections and provide them with passive immunity to RA. With further study, this is expected to become a new method for controlling RA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Yang
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaijie Mai
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Cuifen Luo
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junrong Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junfa Liu
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Xinxing, Guangdong, China.
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Evaluation of the protective immunity of Riemerella anatipestifer OmpA. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1273-1281. [PMID: 31865436 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is responsible for an economically important disease of commercially raised ducks. No or only few cross-protection was observed between different serotypes of R. anatipestifer strains, and so far no protective antigen in this bacterium has been identified. OmpA is a predominant immunogenic protein of R. anatipestifer, and within the 1467 bp ompA ORF (ompA1467), there is another 1164 bp ORF (ompA1164) with the same C-terminal. In this study, our results showed that the full sequence of ompA1467 from some R. anatipestifer strains with different serotypes shared the same amino acid sequence. Animal experiments showed that the soluble recombinant protein rOmpA1164, but not rOmpA1467, could provide partial protective immunity against challenge. Moreover, there was no significant difference in protective immunity between ducklings immunized with Th4△ompA bacterin and those immunized with Th4 bacterin. In addition, OmpA1467 was the main existing form of OmpA in R. anatipestifer cells by gel electrophoresis and western blot analyses. The results suggested that OmpA1467 was not a protective antigen of R. anatipestifer, and antibodies against proteins other than OmpA play a critical role in the process of anti-R. anatipestifer infection.
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Li T, Shan M, Liu L, Zhao Y, Qi J, Tian M, Wang S, Wu Z, Yu S. Characterization of the Riemerella anatipestifer M949_RS00050 gene. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108548. [PMID: 31902494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on its causing ever-increasing heavy economic losses, Riemerella anatipestifer has been viewed as an important bacterial pathogen in the duck industry worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms regarding its pathogenicity are poorly understood. In our previous study, we have built a random mutagenesis library of Riemerella anatipestifer CH3 using transposon Tn4351. In this study, we screened the library by determining bacterial median lethal dose in ducklings. A mutant strain showed about 376-fold attenuated virulence in comparison with the wild-type strain CH3 was obtained. Subsequently, the Tn4351 inserted gene was identified as M949_RS00050, which encodes a putative protein containing an outer membrane protein beta-barrel domain by genome walking and sequence analyses. Southern blot analysis indicated a single Tn4351 insertion in the CH3 chromosomal DNA. Inactivation of M949_RS00050 gene did not affect bacterial metabolic activity and the silver stained lipopolysaccharide pattern. However, the bacterial sensitivity to normal duck sera killing and bacterial hydrophobicity were dramatically enhanced in the M949_RS00050 gene inactivated mutant strain, compared to its wild-type strain CH3. Moreover, bacterial adherence and invasion abilities, bacterial capsular polysaccharide quantity, biofilm formation capacity and the bacterial virulence of the mutant strain were obviously decreased, compared to the wild-type strain CH3. Thus, our finding demonstrates that the M949_RS00050 gene functions on multiple bacterial biological properties and virulence in Riemerella anatipestifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Minhang District, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Evaluation of Long-term Antibody Response and Cross-serotype Reaction in Ducks Immunised with Recombinant Riemerella Anatipestifer Outer Membrane Protein A and CpG ODN. J Vet Res 2019; 63:543-548. [PMID: 31934665 PMCID: PMC6950437 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) infections can lead to high mortality in ducklings. Inactivated vaccines against RA are commercially available, but they fail to provide cross-protection against various serotypes. We have previously demonstrated that a subunit vaccine containing recombinant outer membrane protein A (rOmpA) antigen of serotype 2 formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as the adjuvant was able to stimulate both humoral and cellular immunities. Material and Methods In the present study, thirty healthy 7-day-old Pekin ducks were randomly assigned to three equal treatment groups: rOmpA-vaccinated, rOmpA + CpG-vaccinated, and control. Vaccine was injected intramuscularly and a booster dose of the same vaccine was given two weeks after primary immunisation. The long-term antibody response and cross-serotype reaction of this vaccine were evaluated in ducks. Results Compared to ducks immunised with rOmpA alone, ducks immunised with rOmpA + CpG ODN had significantly (p < 0.05) increased serum antibody titre from two weeks until nine months after primary immunisation. In addition, expression of cytokines including interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12 was significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced in PBMC of ducks immunised with rOmpA + CpG ODN two weeks after primary immunisation. Antibodies from ducks immunised with the rOmpA + CpG ODN vaccine could also detect RA serotypes 1 and 6 in Western blot analysis. Conclusion Combination of rOmpA and CpG ODN could be a feasible strategy for developing a subunit RA vaccine with long term and broader-ranging protection.
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New Perspectives on Galleria mellonella Larvae as a Host Model Using Riemerella anatipestifer as a Proof of Concept. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00072-19. [PMID: 31160365 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00072-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galleria mellonella larvae have been used as a host model to study interactions between pathogens and hosts for several years. However, whether the model is useful to interrogate Riemerella anatipestifer infection biology remained unknown. This study aimed to exploit the potential of G. mellonella larvae and reveal their limitations as a host model for R. anatipestifer infection. G. mellonella larvae were shown to be effective for virulence evaluations of different R. anatipestifer strains. Furthermore, the virulent strain R. anatipestifer CH-1 had a stronger ability to proliferate than the attenuated strain R. anatipestifer ATCC 11845 in both G. mellonella larvae and ducklings. Unconventionally it was shown that G. mellonella larvae cannot be used to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobials and their combinations. Additionally, it was shown that certain virulence factors, such as OmpA (B739_0861), B739_1208, B739_1343, and Wza (B739_1124), were specific only for ducklings, suggesting that G. mellonella larvae must be cautiously used to identify virulence factors of R. anatipestifer Evaluation of heme uptake-related virulence genes, such as tonB1 and tonB2, required preincubating the strains with hemoglobin before infection of G. mellonella larvae since R. anatipestifer cannot obtain a heme source from G. mellonella larvae. In conclusion, this study revealed the applicability and limitations of G. mellonella as a model with which to study the pathogen-host interaction, particularly in the context of R. anatipestifer infection.
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Huang L, Wang M, Mo T, Liu M, Biville F, Zhu D, Jia R, Chen S, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Tian B, Liu Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Pan L, Rehman MU, Chen X, Cheng A. Role of LptD in Resistance to Glutaraldehyde and Pathogenicity in Riemerella anatipestifer. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1443. [PMID: 31281307 PMCID: PMC6598057 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is a gram-negative bacterium that causes disease in ducks and other birds. Despite being an important pathogen in poultry, the pathogenesis and drug resistance mechanisms of this bacterium are poorly understood. An analysis of our unpublished RNA-Seq data showed that lptD, a gene encoding one of the lipopolysaccharide transport components, is transcribed at higher levels in strain CH-1 than in strain ATCC11845. In addition, strain CH-1 has been shown to display broader drug resistance than strain ATCC11845. Since LptD is involved in LPS biogenesis and drug resistance, we wondered if lptD is associated with increased R. anatipestifer resistance to glutaraldehyde, a disinfectant used in the production industry. In this study, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of glutaraldehyde for strain CH-1 was determined to be 0.125% (vol/vol), whereas an MIC of 0.05% (vol/vol) was observed for strain ATCC11845. Furthermore, the level of lptD transcription in strain CH-1 was consistently 2-fold higher than that observed in strain ATCC11845. Moreover, lptD transcription was upregulated in both strains at a subinhibitory concentration of glutaraldehyde. The role of lptD in R. anatipestifer was further assessed by constructing an ATCC11845 mutant strain with low lptD expression, R. anatipestifer ATCC11845 lptD−. The growth of R. anatipestifer ATCC11845 lptD− was severely impaired, and this strain was more susceptible than the wild-type strain to glutaraldehyde. Moreover, compared to the wild-type strain, R. anatipestifer ATCC11845 lptD− exhibited decreased biofilm formation and was more sensitive to duck serum. Finally, low lptD expression led to decreased colonization in ducklings. These results suggest that LptD is involved in R. anatipestifer glutaraldehyde resistance and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Mo
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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32
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Liu M, Tian X, Wang M, Zhu D, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Tian B, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Biville F, Pan L, Rehman MU, Cheng A. Development of a markerless gene deletion strategy using rpsL as a counterselectable marker and characterization of the function of RA0C_1534 in Riemerella anatipestifer ATCC11845 using this strategy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218241. [PMID: 31181133 PMCID: PMC6557517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is a gram-negative bacterium that mainly infects ducks, turkeys and other birds. In a previous study, we established a markerless mutation system based on the pheS mutant as a counterselectable marker. However, the toxic effect of p-Cl-Phe on the R. anatipestifer strain expressing the pheS mutant was weak on blood agar plates. In this study, we successfully obtained streptomycin-resistant derivative of R. anatipestifer ATCC11845 using 100 μg/mL streptomycin as a selection pressure. Then, we demonstrate that rpsL can be used as a counterselectable marker in the R. anatipestifer ATCC11845 rpsL mutant strain, namely, R. anatipestifer ATCCs. A suicide vector carrying wild-type rpsL, namely, pORS, was constructed and used for markerless deletion of the gene RA0C_1534, which encodes a putative sigma-70 family RNA polymerase sigma factor. Using rpsL as a counterselectable marker, markerless mutagenesis of RA0C_1534 was also performed based on natural transformation. R. anatipestifer ATCCsΔRA0C_1534 was more sensitive to H2O2-generated oxidative stress than R. anatipestifer ATCCs. Moreover, transcription of RA0C_1534 was upregulated under 10 mM H2O2 treatment and upon mutation of fur. These results suggest that RA0C_1534 is involved in oxidative stress response in R. anatipestifer. The markerless gene mutation method developed in this study provides new tools for investigation of the physiology and pathogenic mechanisms of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- MaFeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (MFL); (ACC)
| | - Xiu Tian
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - MengYi Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - DeKang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - MingShu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - RenYong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - XinXin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - ShaQiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - XiaoYue Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - YunYa Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - YanLing Yu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Francis Biville
- Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - LeiChang Pan
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - AnChun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (MFL); (ACC)
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Chen Z, Wang X, Ren X, Han W, Malhi KK, Ding C, Yu S. Riemerella anatipestifer GldM is required for bacterial gliding motility, protein secretion, and virulence. Vet Res 2019; 50:43. [PMID: 31164171 PMCID: PMC6549377 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is a major pathogenic agent of duck septicemic and exudative diseases. Genetic analyses suggest that this pathogen has a novel protein secretion system, known as the “type IX secretion system” (T9SS). We previously reported that deletion of the AS87_RS08465 gene significantly reduced the bacterial virulence of the R. anatipestifer strain Yb2, but the mechanism remained unclear. The AS87_RS08465 gene is predicted to encode the gliding motility protein GldM (GldM) protein, a key component of the T9SS complex. In this study, Western blotting analysis demonstrated that R. anatipestifer GldM was localized to the cytomembrane. Further study revealed that the adhesion and invasion capacities of the mutant strain RA2281 (designated Yb2ΔgldM) in Vero cells and the bacterial loads in the blood of infected ducks were significantly reduced. RNA-Seq and PCR analyses showed that six genes were upregulated and five genes were downregulated in the mutant strain Yb2ΔgldM and that these genes were mainly involved in the secretion of proteins. Yb2ΔgldM was also found to be defective in gliding motility and protein secretion. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that nine of the proteins had a conserved T9SS C-terminal domain and were differentially secreted by Yb2ΔgldM compared to Yb2. The complementation strain cYb2ΔgldM recovered the adhesion and invasion capacities in Vero cells and the bacterial loads in the blood of infected ducks as well as the bacterial gliding motility and most protein secretion in the mutant strain Yb2ΔgldM to the levels of the wild-type strain Yb2. Taken together, these results indicate that R. anatipestifer GldM is associated with T9SS and is important in bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchao Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlong Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Kanwar Kumar Malhi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China. .,Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Yuan H, Huang L, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Liu Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, You Y, Chen X, Zhu D, Cheng A. Role of the gldK gene in the virulence of Riemerella anatipestifer. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2414-2421. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Zuo J, Tu C, Wang Y, Qi K, Hu J, Wang Z, Mi R, Yan huang, Chen Z, Han X. The role of the wzy gene in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and pathogenesis of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Microb Pathog 2019; 127:296-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tang T, Wu Y, Lin H, Li Y, Zuo H, Gao Q, Wang C, Pei X. The drug tolerant persisters of Riemerella anatipestifer can be eradicated by a combination of two or three antibiotics. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:137. [PMID: 30340538 PMCID: PMC6194556 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Riemerella anatipestifer (RA), the causative agent of duck infectious serositis, leads to high mortality in duck flocks and great economic losses in duck industry. Previous studies on RA are largely focused on its detection, virulence factors, serology, epidemiology as well as antibiotic resistance. Neither drug tolerant persisters nor the persister level under the treatment of antibiotics has been revealed. The persisters are non-growing or dormant cells within an isogenic bacterial population; they play important roles in recurrent infection and formation of drug resistant mutants. The aim of this study is to detect the drug tolerant persisters from the exponentially grown population of RA reference strain (RA 11845) or RA clinical isolate (RA TQ3), and address whether a single antibiotic or a combination of two or three antimicrobials can eradicate the persisters at respective maximum serum/plasma concentration (Cmax). Result With the concentration of a test antibiotic increased, a small fraction of cells in the exponentially grown culture of RA reference strain (RA 11845) or RA clinical isolate (RA TQ3) always survived, irrespective of treatment time, indicating the presence of drug tolerant presisters. A single antibiotic cannot eradicate the persisters of both RA strains at respective Cmax, except that the Cmax of ceftiofur wiped out the population of the reference strain (RA 11845). Besides, the clinical isolate RA TQ3 presented a higher tolerance to ceftiofur in comparison to that of the reference strain (RA 11845). Combination of any two or three antimicrobials eliminated the drug tolerant persisters of RA TQ3 completely at respective Cmax. Conclusion A sub-community of drug tolerant persisters was present in RA population. Persisters of RA TQ3 are single drug tolerant and not multidrug tolerant persisters. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1303-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Wu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Lin
- Sichuan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyu Li
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojiang Zuo
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofang Pei
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China.
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Ren X, Wang X, Shi H, Zhang X, Chen Z, Malhi KK, Ding C, Yu S. Riemerella anatipestifer AS87_RS09170 gene is responsible for biotin synthesis, bacterial morphology and virulence. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14645. [PMID: 30279476 PMCID: PMC6168606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is a bacterial pathogen responsible for major economic losses within the duck industry. Recent studies have revealed that biotin biosynthesis is critical for the bacterium’s survival and virulence. We previously found that R. anatipestifer AS87_RS09170, a putative bioF gene, is important for bacterial virulence. In the present study, we characterized the AS87_RS09170 gene in R. anatipestifer strain Yb2. Sequence analysis indicated that the AS87_RS09170 gene is highly conserved among R. anatipestifer strains; the deduced protein harbored the conserved pyridoxal 5′-phosphate binding pocket of 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the biotin-dependent enzyme was present in smaller quantities in the mutant strain Yb2ΔbioF compared to that of the wide-type strain Yb2, suggesting that the biotin biosynthesis was defective. The mutant strain Yb2ΔbioF displayed a decreased growth rate at the exponential phase in tryptic soy broth culture and in BeaverBeads Streptavidin treated tryptic soy broth culture, but recovered when biotin was supplemented. In addition, the mutant strain Yb2ΔbioF showed an enhanced biofilm formation, as well as increased adhesion and invasion capacities to duck embryo fibroblasts. Moreover, the mutant strain Yb2ΔbioF exhibited irregular shapes with budding vegetations and relatively thickened cell walls under scanning and transmission electron microscope observation, as well as a reduced capacity to establish systemic infection in a duck infection model. These results provide the first evidence that the R. anatipestifer AS87_RS09170 gene is responsible for biotin synthesis, bacterial morphology and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Ren
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Zongchao Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Kanwar Kumar Malhi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Dou Y, Yu G, Wang X, Wang S, Li T, Tian M, Qi J, Ding C, Yu S. The Riemerella anatipestifer M949_RS01035 gene is involved in bacterial lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Vet Res 2018; 49:93. [PMID: 30223890 PMCID: PMC6142336 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the Riemerella anatipestifer mutant strain RA1062 was obtained by screening a random Tn4351 transposon mutant library. The mutant strain was unreactive with the anti-CH3 lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody, as demonstrated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and its M949_RS01035 gene was inactivated. When cultured in trypticase soy broth, the late stage growth of the mutant RA1062 was significantly decreased. The mutant RA1062 was stained with crystal violet and presented a rough lipopolysaccharide phenotype, which differed from that of the wild-type strain CH3, suggesting that deletion of the M949_RS01035 gene resulted in defective lipopolysaccharide. Silver staining and Western blot analyses further confirmed that the RA1062 lipopolysaccharide had a deficiency in ladder-like binding pattern, as compared to lipopolysaccharide of the wild-type CH3 strain. In addition, the mutant RA1062 showed a higher susceptibility to complement-dependent killing, increased bacterial adhesion and invasion capacities to Vero cells, decreased blood bacterial loads, and attenuated virulence in infected ducks, when compared to the wild-type strain CH3. Moreover, RNA-Seq and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that two genes were up-regulated and two were down-regulated in the mutant RA1062 genome. Furthermore, an animal protection experiment showed that immunization of ducks with inactivated RA1062 bacterin conferred effective cross-protection against challenge with the virulent R. anatipestifer serotypes 1, 2, and 10. This study presents evidence that the M949_RS01035 gene is involved in bacterial phenotype, virulence, and gene regulation in R. anatipestifer. The mutant strain RA1062 could be used as a cross-protective vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Dou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Guijing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Q, Chen M, Zhang W. A two-component signal transduction system contributes to the virulence of Riemerella anatipestifer. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:260-270. [PMID: 29284206 PMCID: PMC5879074 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.2.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to other studies of bacterial pathogens, current studies of the pathogenesis of Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) are focused mainly on in vitro culture conditions. To elucidate further the pathogenesis of RA in vivo, bacterial RNA was extracted from overnight tryptic soy broth cultures (in vitro) and from the blood of infected ducks (in vivo) for comparative RNA sequencing analysis. In total, 682 upregulated genes were identified in vivo. Among the upregulated genes, a signal transduction response regulator (ArsR) and a signal transduction histidine kinase (SthK) were predicted to be located on the same operon. A mutant was constructed by deletion of both of these genes. Duck infection tests showed that genes ArsR and SthK were related to the virulence of the pathogen in vivo. Differentially expressed genes identified by comparison of in vitro and in vivo conditions provided an insight into the physiological process of RA infection and provided an opportunity to identify additional virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mianmian Chen
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Threshold level of Riemerella anatipestifer crossing blood-brain barrier and expression profiles of immune-related proteins in blood and brain tissue from infected ducks. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 200:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Fernandez CP, Afrin F, Flores RA, Kim WH, Jeong J, Kim S, Lillehoj HS, Min W. Identification of duck IL-4 and its inhibitory effect on IL-17A expression in R. anatipestifer- stimulated splenic lymphocytes. Mol Immunol 2018; 95:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Guo Y, Hu D, Guo J, Li X, Guo J, Wang X, Xiao Y, Jin H, Liu M, Li Z, Bi D, Zhou Z. The Role of the Regulator Fur in Gene Regulation and Virulence of Riemerella anatipestifer Assessed Using an Unmarked Gene Deletion System. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:382. [PMID: 28971067 PMCID: PMC5609570 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer, an avian pathogen, has resulted in enormous economic losses to the duck industry globally. Notwithstanding, little is known regarding the physiological, pathogenic and virulence mechanisms of Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) infection. However, the role of Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) in the virulence of R. anatipestifer has not, to date, been demonstrated. Using a genetic approach, unmarked gene deletion system, we evaluated the function of fur gene in the virulence of R. anatipestifer. For this purpose, we constructed a suicide vector containing pheS as a counter selectable marker for unmarked deletion of fur gene to investigate its role in the virulence. After successful transformation of the newly constructed vector, a mutant strain was characterized for genes regulated by iron and Fur using RNA-sequencing and a comparison was made between wild type and mutant strains in both iron restricted and enriched conditions. RNA-seq analysis of the mutant strain in a restricted iron environment showed the downregulation and upregulation of genes which were involved in either important metabolic pathways, transport processes, growth or cell membrane synthesis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed to identify the putative sequences recognized by Fur. The putative Fur-box sequence was 5′-GATAATGATAATCATTATC-3′. Lastly, the median lethal dose and histopathological investigations of animal tissues also illustrated mild pathological lesions produced by the mutant strain as compared to the wild type RA strain, hence showing declined virulence. Conclusively, an unmarked gene deletion system was successfully developed for RA and the role of the fur gene in virulence was explored comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Di Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jie Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jinyue Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yuncai Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hui Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zili Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Dingren Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zutao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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Wang Y, Lu T, Yin X, Zhou Z, Li S, Liu M, Hu S, Bi D, Li Z. A Novel RAYM_RS09735/RAYM_RS09740 Two-Component Signaling System Regulates Gene Expression and Virulence in Riemerella anatipestifer. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:688. [PMID: 28484437 PMCID: PMC5399024 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Riemerella anatipestifer is an important waterfowl pathogen, causing major economic losses to the duck-producing industry. However, little is known of the virulence factors that mediate pathogenesis during R. anatipestifer infection. In this study, RAYM_RS09735 and RAYM_RS09740 were predicted to form a two-component signaling system (TCS) through bioinformatics analysis. This TCS was highly conserved across the Flavobacteriaceae. A mutant YMΔRS09735/RS09740 strain was constructed to investigate the role of the RAYM_RS09735/RAYM_RS09740 TCS in R. anatipestifer virulence and gene regulation. The median lethal dose (LD50) of YMΔRS09735/RS09740 was found to be >1011 CFU, equivalent to that of avirulent bacterial strains. The bacterial abundances of the YMΔRS09735/RS09740 strain in the heart, brain, liver, blood, and spleen were significantly lower than that of the wild-type R. anatipestifer YM strain. Pathological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that, compared to the wild-type, the mutant YMΔRS09735/RS09740 strain caused significantly less virulence in infected ducklings. RNAseq and real-time PCR analysis indicated that the RAYM_RS09735/RAYM_RS09740 TCS is a PhoP/PhoR system. This is a novel type of TCS for Gram-negative bacteria. The TCS was also found to be a global regulator of expression in R. anatipestifer, with 112 genes up-regulated and 693 genes down-regulated in the YMΔRS09735/RS09740 strain (~33% genes demonstrated differential expression). In summary, we have reported the first PhoP/PhoR TCS identified in a Gram-negative bacterium and demonstrated that it is involved in virulence and gene regulation in R. anatipestifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Ti Lu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xuehuan Yin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zutao Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Shaowen Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Sishun Hu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Dingren Bi
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zili Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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Dou Y, Wang X, Yu G, Wang S, Tian M, Qi J, Li T, Ding C, Yu S. Disruption of the M949_RS01915 gene changed the bacterial lipopolysaccharide pattern, pathogenicity and gene expression of Riemerella anatipestifer. Vet Res 2017; 48:6. [PMID: 28166822 PMCID: PMC5294843 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is an important pathogen that causes septicemia anserum exsudativa in ducks. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is considered to be a major virulence factor of R. anatipestifer. To identify genes involved in LPS biosynthesis, we screened a library of random Tn4351 transposon mutants using a monoclonal antibody against R. anatipestifer serotype 1 LPS (anti-LPS MAb). A mutant strain RA1067 which lost the reactivity in an indirect ELISA was obtained. Southern blot and sequencing analyses indicated a single Tn4351 was inserted at 116 bp in the M949_RS01915 gene in the RA1067 chromosomal DNA. Silver staining and Western blot analyses indicated that the RA1067 LPS was defected compared to the wild-type strain CH3 LPS. The RA1067 displayed a significant decreased growth rate at the late stage of growth in TSB in comparison with CH3. In addition, RA1067 showed higher susceptibility to complement-dependent killing, more than 360-fold attenuated virulence based on the median lethal dose determination, increased bacterial adhesion and invasion capacities to Vero cells and significantly decreased blood bacterial loads in RA1067 infected ducks, when compared to the CH3. An animal experiment indicated that inactivated RA1067 cells was effective in cross-protecting of the ducks from challenging with R. anatipestifer strains WJ4 (serotype 1), Yb2 (serotype 2) and HXb2 (serotype 10), further confirming the alteration of the RA1067 antigenicity. Moreover, RNA-Seq analysis and real-time PCR verified two up-regulated and three down-regulated genes in RA1067. Our findings demonstrate that the M949_RS01915 gene is associated to bacterial antigenicity, pathogenicity and gene regulation of R. anatipestifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Dou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Guijing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Wang M, Zhang P, Zhu D, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Sun K, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen X, Biville F, Cheng A, Liu M. Identification of the ferric iron utilization gene B739_1208 and its role in the virulence of R. anatipestifer CH-1. Vet Microbiol 2017; 201:162-169. [PMID: 28284604 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is an important bacterial pathogen in ducks and causes heavy economic losses in the duck industry. However, the pathogensis of this bacterium is poorly understood. In this study, a putative outer membrane hemin receptor gene B739_1208 in R. anatipestifer CH-1 was deleted to determine the relationship between iron uptake and virulence. The R. anatipestifer CH-1ΔB739_1208 mutants grew significantly more slowly than the wild-type bacteria in TSB liquid medium. Further characterization revealed that the R. anatipestifer CH-1ΔB739_1208 mutants were deficient in iron uptake. Animal experiments indicated that the median lethal dose of the wild-type RA-CH-1 in ducklings was 3.89×108, whereas the median lethal dose of the R. anatipestifer CH-1ΔB739_1208 mutant in ducklings was 5.68×109. The median lethal dose of the complementation strain in ducklings was 9.84×108. Additional analysis indicated that bacterial loads in the blood, liver, and brain tissues in the R. anatipestifer CH-1ΔB739_1208-infected ducklings were significantly decreased compared to those in the wild-type R. anatipestifer CH-1 infected ducklings. In a duck co-infection model with R. anatipestifer CH-1 and R. anatipestifer CH-1ΔB739_1208, the R. anatipestifer CH-1B739_1208 mutant was outcompeted by the wild-type R. anatipestifer CH-1 in the blood (P<0.002), livers (P<0.001) and brains (P<0.001) of infected ducks, indicating that B739_1208 gene expression provided a competitive advantage in these organs. Our results demonstrate that the B739_1208 gene is a virulence factor in R. anatipestifer CH-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengYi Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - PengYun Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - DeKang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - MingShu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - RenYong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - KunFeng Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - XiaoYue Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Francis Biville
- Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - AnChun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - MaFeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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Liu M, Wang M, Zhu D, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Sun K, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen X, Biville F, Cheng A. Investigation of TbfA in Riemerella anatipestifer using plasmid-based methods for gene over-expression and knockdown. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37159. [PMID: 27845444 PMCID: PMC5109031 DOI: 10.1038/srep37159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is a duck pathogen that has caused serious economic losses to the duck industry worldwide. Despite this, there are few reported studies of the physiological and pathogenic mechanisms of Riemerella anatipestifer infection. In previous study, we have shown that TonB1 and TonB2 were involved in hemin uptake. TonB family protein (TbfA) was not investigated, since knockout of this gene was not successful at that time. Here, we used a plasmid based gene over-expression and knockdown to investigate its function. First, we constructed three Escherichia-Riemerella anatipestifer shuttle vectors containing three different native Riemerella anatipestifer promoters. The shuttle plasmids were introduced into Riemerella anatipestifer ATCC11845 by conjugation at an efficiency of 5 × 10-5 antibiotic-resistant transconjugants per recipient cell. Based on the high-expression shuttle vector pLMF03, a method for gene knockdown was established. Knockdown of TbfA in Riemerella anatipestifer ATCC11845 decreased the organism's growth ability in TSB medium but did not affect its hemin utilization. In contrast, over-expression of TbfA in Riemerella anatipestifer ATCC11845ΔtonB1ΔtonB2. Significantly promoted the organism's growth in TSB medium but significantly inhibited its hemin utilization. Collectively, these findings suggest that TbfA is not involved in hemin utilization by Riemerella anatipestifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- MaFeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - MengYi Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - DeKang Zhu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - MingShu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - RenYong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - KunFeng Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - XiaoYue Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Francis Biville
- Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - AnChun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Ding H, Mei X, Liu W, Zeng J, Zeng Z. In vitro susceptibility of four antimicrobials against Riemerella anatipestifer isolates: a comparison of minimum inhibitory concentrations and mutant prevention concentrations for ceftiofur, cefquinome, florfenicol, and tilmicosin. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:250. [PMID: 27829415 PMCID: PMC5103488 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutant prevention concentration (MPC) is an alternative pharmacodynamic parameter that has been used to measure antimicrobial activity and represents the propensities of antimicrobial agents to select resistant mutants. The concentration range between minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MPC is defined as mutant selection window (MSW). The MPC and MSW parameters represent the ability of antimicrobial agents to inhibit the bacterial mutants selected. This study was conducted to determine the MIC and MPC values of four antimicrobials including ceftiofur, cefquinome, florfenicol and tilmicosin against 105 Riemerella anatipestifer isolates. Results The MIC50/MIC90 values of clinical isolates tested in our study for ceftiofur, cefquinome, florfenicol and tilmicosin were 0.063/0.5、0.031/0.5、1/4、1/4 μg/mL, respectively; MPC50/ MPC90 values were 4/64、8/64、4/32、16/256 μg/mL, respectively. These results provided information on the use of these compounds in treating the R. anatipestifer infection; however, additional studies are needed to demonstrate their therapeutic efficacy. Conclusion Based on the MSW theory, the hierarchy of these tested antimicrobial agents with respect to selecting resistant subpopulations was as follows: cefquinome > ceftiofur > tilmicosin > florfenicol. Cefquinome was the drug that presented the highest risk of selecting resistant mutant among the four antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanzhong Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiong Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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The Riemerella anatipestifer AS87_01735 Gene Encodes Nicotinamidase PncA, an Important Virulence Factor. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5815-23. [PMID: 27451449 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01829-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Riemerella anatipestifer is a major bacterial pathogen that causes septicemic and exudative diseases in domestic ducks. In our previous study, we found that deletion of the AS87_01735 gene significantly decreased the bacterial virulence of R. anatipestifer strain Yb2 (mutant RA625). The AS87_01735 gene was predicted to encode a nicotinamidase (PncA), a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of nicotinamide to nicotinic acid, which is an important reaction in the NAD(+) salvage pathway. In this study, the AS87_01735 gene was expressed and identified as the PncA-encoding gene, using an enzymatic assay. Western blot analysis demonstrated that R. anatipestifer PncA was localized to the cytoplasm. The mutant strain RA625 (named Yb2ΔpncA in this study) showed a similar growth rate but decreased NAD(+) quantities in both the exponential and stationary phases in tryptic soy broth culture, compared with the wild-type strain Yb2. In addition, Yb2ΔpncA-infected ducks showed much lower bacterial loads in their blood, and no visible histological changes were observed in the heart, liver, and spleen. Furthermore, Yb2ΔpncA immunization of ducks conferred effective protection against challenge with the virulent wild-type strain Yb2. Our results suggest that the R. anatipestifer AS87_01735 gene encodes PncA, which is an important virulence factor, and that the Yb2ΔpncA mutant can be used as a novel live vaccine candidate. IMPORTANCE Riemerella anatipestifer is reported worldwide as a cause of septicemic and exudative diseases of domestic ducks. The pncA gene encodes a nicotinamidase (PncA), a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of nicotinamide to nicotinic acid, which is an important reaction in the NAD(+) salvage pathway. In this study, we identified and characterized the pncA-homologous gene AS87_01735 in R. anatipestifer strain Yb2. R. anatipestifer PncA is a cytoplasmic protein that possesses similar PncA activity, compared with other organisms. Generation of the pncA mutant Yb2ΔpncA led to a decrease in the NAD(+) content, which was associated with decreased capacity for invasion and attenuated virulence in ducks. Furthermore, Yb2ΔpncA immunization of ducks conferred effective protection against challenge with the virulent wild-type strain Yb2. Altogether, these results suggest that PncA contributes to the virulence of R. anatipestifer and that the Yb2ΔpncA mutant can be used as a novel live vaccine candidate.
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Yu G, Wang X, Dou Y, Wang S, Tian M, Qi J, Li T, Ding C, Wu Y, Yu S. Riemerella anatipestifer M949_1360 Gene Functions on the Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Bacterial Virulence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160708. [PMID: 27500736 PMCID: PMC4976936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer causes septicemic and exudative diseases in poultry, resulting in major economic losses to the duck industry. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as an important virulence factor in Gram-negative bacteria, can be recognized by the immune system and plays a crucial role in many interactions between bacteria and animal hosts. In this study, we screened out one LPS defective mutant strain RAΔ604 from a random transposon mutant library of R. anatipestifer serotype 1 strain CH3, which did not react with the anti-CH3 LPS monoclonal antibody 1C1 in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Southern blot analysis confirmed that the genome of RAΔ604 contained a single Tn4351 insert. Then, we found that the M949_1360 gene was inactivated by insertion of the transposon. Using silver staining and western blot analyses, we found that the LPS pattern of RAΔ604 was defective, as compared with that of the wild-type (WT) strain CH3. The mutant strain RAΔ604 showed no significant influence on bacterial growth, while bacterial counting and Live/dead BacLight Bacterial Viability staining revealed that bacterial viability was decreased, as compared with the WT strain CH3. In addition, the abilities of the mutant strain RAΔ604 to adhere and invade Vero cells were significantly decreased. Animal studies revealed that the virulence of the mutant strain RAΔ604 was decreased by more than 200-fold in a duck infection model, as compared with the WT strain CH3. Furthermore, immunization with live bacteria of the mutant strain RAΔ604 protected 87.5% ducks from challenge with R. anatipestifer serotype 1 strain WJ4, indicating that the mutant strain RAΔ604 could be used as a potential vaccine candidate in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yafeng Dou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- * E-mail:
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50
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Ni X, Jiang P, Xing L, Ou C, Yu H, Qi J, Sun B, Cui J, Wang G, Hu Q. Genome-wide mining of potential virulence-associated genes in Riemerella anatipestifer using random transposon mutagenesis. Vet Microbiol 2016; 189:52-8. [PMID: 27259827 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer infection is a severe disease confronting the duck industry worldwide. However, little is known about the molecular basis of R. anatipestifer pathogenesis. In this study, we screened 3580 transposon Tn4351 insertion mutagenesis mutants of the highly virulent strain YZb1 in a duckling infection experiment and found 29 of them to be attenuated and 28 potential virulence-associated genes were identified. Molecular characterization of transposon insertion sites showed that of the 28 screened genes, two were predicted to encode TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor (plugs), sixteen encoded enzymes, and seven encoded hypothetical proteins. In addition, of the 28 affected genes, 19 were only found in bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes and 10 were only found in the family Flavobacteriaceae. The median lethal dose of the mutants M11 and M29, which was affected in Riean_0060 and Riean_1537 respectively, were about 1700-fold and 210-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain YZb1, and those of the complemented strains M11(pRES-Riean_0060) and M29(pRES-Riean_1537) were decreased by 25- and 3-fold respectively compared to those of the mutants M11 and M29. Additional analysis indicated that the blood bacterial loading of ducklings infected with M11 or M29 was decreased significantly, as compared with that in ducklings infected with the wild-type strain YZb1. Thus, our results indicate that Riean_0060 and Riean_1537 were involved in R. anatipestifer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Ni
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Linlin Xing
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Changcan Ou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junsheng Cui
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Qinghai Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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