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Bourke BP, Dusek RJ, Ergunay K, Linton YM, Drovetski SV. Viral pathogen detection in U.S. game-farm mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos) flags spillover risk to wild birds. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1396552. [PMID: 38860005 PMCID: PMC11163284 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1396552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The threat posed by emerging infectious diseases is a major concern for global public health, animal health and food security, and the role of birds in transmission is increasingly under scrutiny. Each year, millions of mass-reared game-farm birds are released into the wild, presenting a unique and a poorly understood risk to wild and susceptible bird populations, and to human health. In particular, the shedding of enteric pathogens through excrement into bodies of water at shared migratory stop-over sites, and breeding and wintering grounds, could facilitate multi-species long-distance pathogen dispersal and infection of high numbers of naive endemic birds annually. The Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most abundant of all duck species, migratory across much of its range, and an important game species for pen-rearing and release. Major recent population declines along the US Atlantic coast has been attributed to game-farm and wild mallard interbreeding and the introduction maladaptive traits into wild populations. However, pathogen transmission and zoonosis among game-farms Mallard may also impact these populations, as well as wildlife and human health. Here, we screened 16 game-farm Mallard from Wisconsin, United States, for enteric viral pathogens using metatranscriptomic data. Four families of viral pathogens were identified - Picobirnaviridae (Genogroup I), Caliciviridae (Duck Nacovirus), Picornaviridae (Duck Aalivirus) and Sedoreoviridae (Duck Rotavirus G). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Aalivirus in the Americas, and the first report of Calicivirus outside domestic chicken and turkey flocks in the United States. Our findings highlight the risk of viral pathogen spillover from peri-domestically reared game birds to naive wild bird populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Robert J. Dusek
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States
- Hacettepe University, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sergei V. Drovetski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel, MD, United States
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Johne R, Tausch SH, Ulrich RG, Schilling-Loeffler K. Genome analysis of the novel putative rotavirus species K. Virus Res 2023; 334:199171. [PMID: 37433351 PMCID: PMC10410577 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses are causative agents of diarrhea in humans and animals. Currently, the species rotavirus A-J (RVA-RVJ) and the putative species RVK and RVL are defined, mainly based on their genome sequence identities. RVK strains were first identified in 2019 in common shrews (Sorex aranaeus) in Germany; however, only short sequence fragments were available so far. Here, we analyzed the complete coding regions of strain RVK/shrew-wt/GER/KS14-0241/2013, which showed highest sequence identities with RVC. The amino acid sequence identity of VP6, which is used for rotavirus species definition, reached only 51% with other rotavirus reference strains thus confirming classification of RVK as a separate species. Phylogenetic analyses for the deduced amino acid sequences of all 11 virus proteins showed, that for most of them RVK and RVC formed a common branch within the RVA-like phylogenetic clade. Only the tree for the highly variable NSP4 showed a different branching; however, with very low bootstrap support. Comparison of partial nucleotide sequences of other RVK strains from common shrews of different regions in Germany indicated a high degree of sequence variability (61-97% identity) within the putative species. These RVK strains clustered separately from RVC genotype reference strains in phylogenetic trees indicating diversification of RVK independent from RVC. The results indicate that RVK represents a novel rotavirus species, which is most closely related to RVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimar Johne
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin 10589, Germany.
| | - Simon H Tausch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, and Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Greifswald-Insel, Riems 17493, Germany
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3
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Pinheiro MS, Dias JBL, Petrucci MP, Travassos CEPF, Mendes GS, Santos N. Molecular Characterization of Avian Rotaviruses F and G Detected in Brazilian Poultry Flocks. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051089. [PMID: 37243175 DOI: 10.3390/v15051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian rotaviruses (RVs) are important etiologic agents of gastroenteritis in birds. In general, avian RVs are understudied; consequently, there is a paucity of information regarding these viruses. Therefore, the characterization of these viral species is highly relevant because more robust information on genetic, epidemiologic, and evolutionary characteristics can clarify the importance of these infections, and inform efficient prevention and control measures. In this study, we describe partial genome characterizations of two avian RV species, RVF and RVG, detected in asymptomatic poultry flocks in Brazil. Complete or partial sequences of at least one of the genomic segments encoding VP1, VP2, VP4, VP6, VP7, NSP1, NSP4, NSP4, or NSP5 of 23 RVF and 3 RVG strains were obtained, and demonstrated that multiple variants of both RVF and RVG circulate among Brazilian poultry. In this study, new and important information regarding the genomic characteristics of RVF and RVG is described. In addition, the circulation of these viruses in the study region and the genetic variability of the strains detected are demonstrated. Thus, the data generated in this work should help in understanding the genetics and ecology of these viruses. Nonetheless, the availability of a greater number of sequences is necessary to advance the understanding of the evolution and zoonotic potential of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21947-902, Brazil
| | - Juliana B L Dias
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21947-902, Brazil
| | - Melissa P Petrucci
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Carlos E P F Travassos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Gabriella S Mendes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21947-902, Brazil
| | - Norma Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21947-902, Brazil
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Veletanlic V, Sartalamacchia K, Diller JR, Ogden KM. Multiple rotavirus species encode fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins with cell type-specific activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.07.536061. [PMID: 37066280 PMCID: PMC10104117 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.536061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins are viral nonstructural proteins that mediate cell-cell fusion to form multinucleated syncytia. We previously reported that human species B rotavirus NSP1-1 is a FAST protein that induces syncytia in primate epithelial cells but not rodent fibroblasts. We hypothesized that the NSP1-1 proteins of other rotavirus species could also mediate cell-cell fusion and that fusion activity might be limited to cell types derived from homologous hosts. To test this hypothesis, we predicted the structure and domain organization of NSP1-1 proteins of species B rotavirus from a human, goat, and pig, species G rotavirus from a pigeon and turkey, and species I rotavirus from a dog and cat. We cloned these sequences into plasmids and transiently expressed the NSP1-1 proteins in avian, canine, hamster, human, porcine, and simian cells. Regardless of host origin of the virus, each NSP1-1 protein induced syncytia in primate cells, while few induced syncytia in other cell types. To identify the domains that determined cell-specific fusion activity for human species B rotavirus NSP1-1, we engineered chimeric proteins containing domain exchanges with the p10 FAST protein from Nelson Bay orthoreovirus. Using the chimeric proteins, we found that the N-terminal and transmembrane domains determined the cell type specificity of fusion activity. Although the species and cell type criteria for fusion activity remain unclear, these findings suggest that rotavirus species B, G, and I NSP1-1 are functional FAST proteins whose N termini play a role in specifying the cells in which they mediate syncytia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Veletanlic
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kylie Sartalamacchia
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julia R. Diller
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristen M. Ogden
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Althof N, Trojnar E, Johne R. Rotaviruses in Wild Ungulates from Germany, 2019-2022. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030566. [PMID: 36985140 PMCID: PMC10058221 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important cause of diarrhea in humans and animals. However, RVA in wild animals has only scarcely been investigated so far. Here, the presence of RVA in wild ungulates hunted between 2019 and 2022 in Brandenburg, Germany, was investigated using real-time RT-PCR and sequencing of RT-PCR products. By analyzing intestinal contents, RVA-RNA was detected in 1.0% (2/197) of wild boar (Sus scrofa), 1.3% (2/152) of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and 2.1% (2/95) of fallow deer (Dama dama) but not in 28 red deer (Cervus elaphus) samples. Genotyping identified G3P[13] strains in wild boar, which were closely related to previously described pig and wild boar strains. Genotype G10P[15] strains, closely related to strains from roe deer, sheep, or cattle, were found in roe deer. The strains of fallow deer represented genotype G3P[3], clustering in a group containing different strains from several hosts. The results indicated a low prevalence of RVA in wild ungulates in Germany. Associations of specific genotypes with certain ungulate species seem to exist but should be confirmed by analyses of more samples in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Althof
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Trojnar
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reimar Johne
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Johne R, Tausch SH, Schilling-Loeffler K, Ulrich RG. Genome sequence analysis of a novel rotavirus strain indicates a broad genetic diversity of rotavirus A in shrews. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 107:105392. [PMID: 36494067 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is an etiologic agent of diarrhea in humans and animals. It shows a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Although distinct associations of RVA genotypes with certain host species are common, interspecies-transmission has also been described. Recently, RVA strains, which are genetically distinct and cluster basally to all other RVA strains in phylogenetic trees, have been identified in common shrews (Sorex araneus). Here, the genome sequence analysis of another RVA strain (RVA/Common Shrew-wt/GER/KS11-0893/2010/G42P[58]) from a common shrew from Germany is described. Generally, the strain shows low sequence identities to established strains, which is reflected by the assessment of the novel genotypes G42-P[58]-I32-R28-C24-M24-A39-N28-T28-E32-H28 to its genome segments. Specifically, the strain is phylogenetically distant from previously described RVA strains of common shrews, whereas it is more closely related to other avian and mammalian RVA strains including those from Asian house shrews (Suncus murinus). The results indicate that a broad variety of diverse RVA strains can be found in shrews suggesting a significant role of these animals in rotavirus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimar Johne
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon H Tausch
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Schilling-Loeffler
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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7
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Gallego JC, Lorencena D, de Mello JL, Delai RR, de Matos MR, de Marco Viott A, Lorenzetti E, Alfieri AA, Fernandes SR, Takiuchi E. Investigation of avian rotavirus infections in broiler chicks from commercial flocks with different performance efficiency indexes. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:853-858. [PMID: 35229242 PMCID: PMC8885118 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the frequency of occurrence of avian rotavirus (AvRV) in poultry flocks according to its Performance Efficiency Index (PEI) scores. A total of 256 individual intestinal content samples of small sized-chicks (runts) with clinical signs of Runting Stunting Syndrome (RSS) and 24 clinically healthy chicks (control) were collected from twelve flocks in southern Brazil with different PEI scores: good (n = 4, PEI mean = 365); moderate (n = 4, PEI mean = 342) or poor (n = 4, PEI mean = 319). Silver-stained polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ss-PAGE) was used to detect and identify the AvRV species followed by RT-PCR and sequencing of the partial VP6 gene for species confirmation. AvRV was detected in 83% (10/12) of the flocks and 23.4% (60/256) of the chicks. The electrophoretic migration patterns of viral dsRNA segments were compatible with AvRV species A (AvRV- A), D (AvRV-D) and F (AvRV-F) in 9 (15%), 18 (30%), and 33 (55%) of the positive chicks fecal samples, respectively. The AvRV species identified by ss-PAGE were confirmed by RT-PCR and partial sequence analysis of the VP6 gene. The AvRV detection rate was statistically higher (p = 0.007) in chicks from flocks with poor PEI when compared to those with good PEI. The occurrence of AvRV-D and AvRV-F was statistically higher in 7 to 9 days old chicks, while AvRV-A was detected only in 13 to 14 days old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Cristhine Gallego
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Daniela Lorencena
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Janaína Lustosa de Mello
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Ruana Renostro Delai
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Mônica Regina de Matos
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Aline de Marco Viott
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Sergio Rodrigo Fernandes
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Takiuchi
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil.
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Pinheiro MS, Dias JBL, Cunha BRAV, Petrucci MP, Travassos CEPF, Mendes GS, Santos N. Rotavirus F and G circulating in chickens in Southeastern Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:113. [PMID: 35217986 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) infections represent a significant cause of enteritis and diarrhea in avian species and pose a major concern for the poultry industry. However, the prevalence of rotavirus infections among birds is poorly understood. Stool samples were collected from laying and broiler hens from commercial poultry farms in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, Southwest region of Brazil, for detection of rotavirus species F and G (RVF and RVG, respectively) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RV was detected in 11.7% (38/325) of samples: 35 samples were positive for RVF and 3 for RVG. RVF was detected in 15 samples from Rio de Janeiro and 23 samples from Espírito Santo. RVG was detected in 3 samples from Espírito Santo. All the positive samples were from asymptomatic broiler chickens. The prevalence of RV infection in these flocks was high, especially considering that the birds had no apparent clinical disease. Silent circulation in the herds signifies the need for a continuous surveillance program to guide measures to control and prevent this viral infection. Continuous monitoring of pathogens is crucial to ensure greater productivity on poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21.947-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana B L Dias
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21.947-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz R A V Cunha
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21.947-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Melissa P Petrucci
- Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos E P F Travassos
- Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriella S Mendes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21.947-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Norma Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21.947-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Departamento de Virologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho - 373, Cidade Universitária, 21.941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Johne R, Schilling-Loeffler K, Ulrich RG, Tausch SH. Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of a Prototype Strain of the Novel Putative Rotavirus Species L. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030462. [PMID: 35336869 PMCID: PMC8954357 DOI: 10.3390/v14030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses infect humans and animals and are a main cause of diarrhea. They are non-enveloped viruses with a genome of 11 double-stranded RNA segments. Based on genome analysis and amino acid sequence identities of the capsid protein VP6, the rotavirus species A to J (RVA-RVJ) have been defined so far. In addition, rotaviruses putatively assigned to the novel rotavirus species K (RVK) and L (RVL) have been recently identified in common shrews (Sorex araneus), based on partial genome sequences. Here, the complete genome sequence of strain KS14/0241, a prototype strain of RVL, is presented. The deduced amino acid sequence for VP6 of this strain shows only up to 47% identity to that of RVA to RVJ reference strains. Phylogenetic analyses indicate a clustering separated from the established rotavirus species for all 11 genome segments of RVL, with the closest relationship to RVH and RVJ within the phylogenetic RVB-like clade. The non-coding genome segment termini of RVL showed conserved sequences at the 5′-end (positive-sense RNA strand), which are common to all rotaviruses, and those conserved among the RVB-like clade at the 3′-end. The results are consistent with a classification of the virus into a novel rotavirus species L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimar Johne
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.-L.); (S.H.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katja Schilling-Loeffler
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.-L.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Simon H. Tausch
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.-L.); (S.H.T.)
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10
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Falkenhagen A, Tausch SH, Labutin A, Grützke J, Heckel G, Ulrich RG, Johne R. OUP accepted manuscript. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac004. [PMID: 35169491 PMCID: PMC8838746 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Species A rotaviruses (RVAs) are important aetiological agents of severe diarrhoea in young children. They are also widely distributed in mammals and birds, and increasing evidence indicates the possibility of zoonotic transmission of RVA strains between animals and humans. Moreover, reassortment of the eleven segments of the RVA genome can result in rapid biological changes and may influence pathogenic properties. Here, the nearly complete genome of an RVA strain from a common shrew (Sorex araneus) was sequenced, which showed high nucleotide sequence similarity to additionally determined partial sequences from common shrew RVAs but only very low identity (below 68 per cent) to RVAs from other animal species and humans. New genotypes were assigned to most genome segments of the novel common shrew RVA strain KS14/269, resulting in the genome constellation G39-P[55]-I27-R26-C22-M22-A37-N26-T26-E30-H26. Phylogenetic analyses clustered the common shrew RVAs as ancestral branches of other mammalian and avian RVAs for most of the genome segments, which is in contrast to the phylogeny of the hosts. Nevertheless, conserved sequences typical for all RVAs were identified at the 5ʹ- and 3ʹ- non-coding segment termini. To explore whether the common shrew RVA can exchange genetic material with other mammalian RVAs by reassortment, a reverse genetics system based on the simian RVA strain SA11 was used. However, no viable reassortants could be rescued by exchanging the VP4-, VP6-, or VP7-encoding genome segment alone or in combinations. It can be concluded that highly divergent RVAs are present in common shrews, indicating an evolution of these viruses largely separated from other mammalian and avian RVAs. The zoonotic potential of the virus seems to be low but needs to be further analysed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Falkenhagen
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Simon H Tausch
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Anton Labutin
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Josephine Grützke
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems 17493, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems 17493, Germany
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11
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Ali MZ, Moula MM, Bhuiyan ZA, Giasuddin M, Shin HJ. First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Chicken Astrovirus and Avian Nephritis Virus in Chickens in Bangladesh. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:769489. [PMID: 34926641 PMCID: PMC8672296 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.769489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and avian nephritis virus (ANV) are enteric viruses of poultry and have infected a wide range of poultry species worldwide, causing runting-stunting syndrome (RSS), which requires virus screening and results in serious economic damage. No confirmed cases have been reported from Bangladesh. In the present study, CAstV and ANV were monitored in Bangladesh. We monitored samples for CAstV and ANV and compared their genomic sequences to other reference strains. We found 8/31 flocks (25.8%) were positive for CAstV, 6/31 flocks (19.3%) had mixed infection of CAstV and ANV, and 1 flock (3.2%) was positive for ANV. Only ANV and a combination of CAstV and ANV were found in broilers and broiler breeders, but CAstV was found in all types of chickens. We isolated two of each from CAstV and ANV through specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs via the yolk sac route. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF1b conserved region of CAstV and ANV suggested that the locally circulating strain was closely related to the strains isolated from India and Brazil. This report is the first molecular characterization of CAstV and ANV in Bangladesh. This study highlights that CAstV and ANV are circulating in Bangladeshi poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zulfekar Ali
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Nourish Central Poultry Laboratory, Nourish Poultry and Hatchery Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giasuddin
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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12
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de Oliveira LB, Stanton JB, Zhang J, Brown C, Butt SL, Dimitrov K, Afonso CL, Volkening JD, Lara LJC, de Oliveira CSF, Ecco R. Runting and Stunting Syndrome in Broiler Chickens: Histopathology and Association With a Novel Picornavirus. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:123-135. [PMID: 33280540 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820969971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Runting stunting syndrome (RSS) in commercial chickens has been reported worldwide, and although several studies have attempted to clarify the cause and describe the lesions, there are gaps in knowledge of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and etiology. The study objective was to use commercial chicks naturally affected by RSS to describe the histologic changes of RSS in all segments of the small intestine in chicks of different ages and to identify viral gene sequences in affected chicks and their association with histologic lesions. Chicks lacking clinical signs but from the same houses and from unaffected houses were used as controls. The average weight of affected chicks was significantly lower than expected for their flocks. Macroscopically, the small intestines had paler serosa, with watery, mucoid, or foamy contents and poorly digested food. Histologic lesions were characterized by necrotic crypts, crypt dilation, and flattening of the crypt epithelium. Histomorphometry of the intestines revealed villous atrophy especially in the jejunum and ileum. Histologic changes in other organs were not observed. Random next-generation sequencing of total RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues detected avian nephritis virus, avian rotavirus, and picornavirus in jejunal segments from 7-day-old chicks. No viruses were detected in the jejunum of 1-day-old chicks. Detection of picornaviral reads was significantly associated (P < .05) with histologic lesions of RSS. Sequence analysis of the picornavirus revealed genetic similarity with the genus Gallivirus. Using in situ hybridization for galliviral nucleic acid sequences, the signal was associated with crypt lesion severity, although signal was detected both in chicks with and without RSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Zhang
- 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Kiril Dimitrov
- 57776Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA.,117328Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- 57776Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Roselene Ecco
- 28114Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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13
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Occurrence and Role of Selected RNA-Viruses as Potential Causative Agents of Watery Droppings in Pigeons. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121025. [PMID: 33291258 PMCID: PMC7762127 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diseases with watery droppings (diarrhea and/or polyuria) can be considered some of the most severe health problems in domestic pigeons of various ages. Although they do not always lead to bird death, they can contribute to poor weight gains and hindered development of young pigeons and, potentially, to poor racing results in sports birds. The gastrointestinal tract disorders of pigeons may be of various etiology, but some of the causative agents are viral infections. This review article provides information collected from scientific reports on RNA-viruses belonging to the Astroviridae, Picornaviridae, and Coronaviridae families; the Avulavirinae subfamily; and the Rotavirus genus that might be implicated in such health problems. It presents a brief characterization, and possible interspecies transmission of these viruses. We believe that this review article will help clinical signs of infection, isolation methods, occurrence in pigeons and poultry, systemize and summarize knowledge on pigeon enteropathogenic viruses and raise awareness of the importance of disease control in pigeons.
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14
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Patzina-Mehling C, Falkenhagen A, Trojnar E, Gadicherla AK, Johne R. Potential of avian and mammalian species A rotaviruses to reassort as explored by plasmid only-based reverse genetics. Virus Res 2020; 286:198027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Patzina-Mehling C, Falkenhagen A, Gadicherla AK, Grützke J, Tausch SH, Johne R. Whole genome sequence analysis of cell culture-adapted rotavirus A strains from chicken. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 81:104275. [PMID: 32147474 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans and mammalian animals, and has also been abundantly detected in avian species. Avian RVA infection is associated with diarrhea, reduced growth and increased mortality, leading to economic losses in the poultry industry. Avian RVA forms a unique genetic clade within the whole RVA species. However, up to now, only a few full-length avian RVA genomes have been published and only a small number of avian RVA strains have been adapted to grow in cell culture for subsequent studies. Here, the four cell culture-adapted chicken RVA strains 02V0002G3, 04V0027G6, 05V0500F6 and 06V0661G1 were characterized in more detail. Transmission electron microscopy of the viruses derived from culture supernatant showed a typical triple-layered morphology of rotavirus particles; in addition, strain 06V0661G1 showed a high proportion of double-layered particles. The (nearly) complete genome sequences of the viruses were determined using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The resulting sequences were compared to full-length or partial sequences of the strains previously determined using Sanger sequencing; and a few nucleotide mismatches, some of them resulting in amino acid substitutions, were identified. The genomes of strains 02V0002G3, 04V0027G6 and 05V0500F6 were closely related to each other showing a G19-P[30]-I11-R6-C6-M7-A16-N6-T8-E10-H8 genotype constellation. Strain 06V0661G1 carries the VP4 genotype P[31] in the same genetic backbone like the other strains. However, further sequence analysis showed that the genes of this strain, especially that encoding NSP3, clustered more separately from the other strains in phylogenetic trees. The characterized cell culture-adapted chicken RVA strains may be useful for future studies investigating genetic diversity and replication of avian rotaviruses, as well as for the development of vaccines and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Falkenhagen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashish K Gadicherla
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine Grützke
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon H Tausch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reimar Johne
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Rotavirus Species B Encodes a Functional Fusion-Associated Small Transmembrane Protein. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00813-19. [PMID: 31375572 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00813-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is an important cause of diarrheal disease in young mammals. Rotavirus species A (RVA) causes most human rotavirus diarrheal disease and primarily affects infants and young children. Rotavirus species B (RVB) has been associated with sporadic outbreaks of human adult diarrheal disease. RVA and RVB are predicted to encode mostly homologous proteins but differ significantly in the proteins encoded by the NSP1 gene. In the case of RVB, the NSP1 gene encodes two putative protein products of unknown function, NSP1-1 and NSP1-2. We demonstrate that human RVB NSP1-1 mediates syncytium formation in cultured human cells. Based on sequence alignment, NSP1-1 proteins from species B, G, and I contain features consistent with fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins, which have previously been identified in other genera of the Reoviridae family. Like some other FAST proteins, RVB NSP1-1 is predicted to have an N-terminal myristoyl modification. Addition of an N-terminal FLAG peptide disrupts NSP1-1-mediated fusion. NSP1-1 from a human RVB mediates fusion of human cells but not hamster cells and, thus, may serve as a species tropism determinant. NSP1-1 also can enhance RVA replication in human cells, both in single-cycle infection studies and during a multicycle time course in the presence of fetal bovine serum, which inhibits rotavirus spread. These findings suggest potential yet untested roles for NSP1-1 in RVB species tropism, immune evasion, and pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE While species A rotavirus is commonly associated with diarrheal disease in young children, species B rotavirus has caused sporadic outbreaks of adult diarrheal disease. A major genetic difference between species A and B rotaviruses is the NSP1 gene, which encodes two proteins for species B rotavirus. We demonstrate that the smaller of these proteins, NSP1-1, can mediate fusion of cultured human cells. Comparison with viral proteins of similar function provides insight into NSP1-1 domain organization and fusion mechanism. These comparisons suggest that there is a fatty acid modification at the amino terminus of the protein, and our results show that an intact amino terminus is required for NSP1-1-mediated fusion. NSP1-1 from a human virus mediates fusion of human cells, but not hamster cells, and enhances species A rotavirus replication in culture. These findings suggest potential, but currently untested, roles for NSP1-1 in RVB host species tropism, immune evasion, and pathogenesis.
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17
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Sensitive SYBR Green-Real Time PCR for the Detection and Quantitation of Avian Rotavirus A. Vet Sci 2018; 6:vetsci6010002. [PMID: 30597964 PMCID: PMC6466117 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian rotavirus A (ARtV-A) is a virus that affects young birds, causing acute diarrhea and economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The techniques used for the diagnosis of ARtV-A include electron microscopy, isolation in cell culture, and serology, as well as molecular techniques, such as the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The objective of this work was to standardize a real-time RT-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using SYBR Green chemistry for the rapid detection and quantification of ARtV-A from bird tissues and materials fixed on FTA cards on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of segment 6 (S6), which codes for the structural VP6 protein of ARtV-A. The results show the efficient amplification of the proposed target, with a limit of detection (LoD) of one copy gene (CG) per microliter of cDNA and a limit of quantification (LoQ) of 10 CGs per microliter. The efficiency of the primers was determined to be 95.66% using a standard curve, with an R2 value of 0.999 and a slope of −3.43. The specificity was determined using samples coinfected with ARtV-A, the chicken parvovirus, the chicken astrovirus, and the avian nephritis virus as positive controls and commercially available vaccines of the infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursa disease virus, avian reovirus and healthy organs as negative controls. This technique, which lacks nonspecific PCR products and dimers, demonstrated greater sensitivity and specificity than conventional RT-PCR, and it reduced the analysis time by more than 50%.
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18
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Rubbenstroth D, Peus E, Schramm E, Kottmann D, Bartels H, McCowan C, Schulze C, Akimkin V, Fischer N, Wylezich C, Hlinak A, Spadinger A, Großmann E, Petersen H, Grundhoff A, Rautenschlein S, Teske L. Identification of a novel clade of group A rotaviruses in fatally diseased domestic pigeons in Europe. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:552-561. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Virology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology Friedrich‐Loeffler‐Institut Greifswald – Insel Riems Germany
| | - Elisabeth Peus
- Clinic for Pigeons of the German Pigeon‐Breeders Association Essen Germany
| | - Eva Schramm
- Institute of Virology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Kottmann
- Institute of Virology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Hilke Bartels
- Clinic for Poultry University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Christina McCowan
- Agriculture Victoria, Veterinary Diagnostics Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | | | - Valerij Akimkin
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigations Office Stuttgart Fellbach Germany
| | - Nicole Fischer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- German Center for Research on Infection (DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg‐Borstel‐Lübeck‐Riems Hamburg Germany
| | - Claudia Wylezich
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology Friedrich‐Loeffler‐Institut Greifswald – Insel Riems Germany
| | - Andreas Hlinak
- Berlin‐Brandenburg State Laboratory Frankfurt (Oder) Germany
| | - Anja Spadinger
- Aulendorf state veterinary diagnostic centre Aulendorf Germany
| | - Ernst Großmann
- Aulendorf state veterinary diagnostic centre Aulendorf Germany
| | - Henning Petersen
- Clinic for Poultry University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hannover Germany
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigations Office Ostwestfalen‐Lippe DetmoldGermany
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- German Center for Research on Infection (DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg‐Borstel‐Lübeck‐Riems Hamburg Germany
- Heinrich‐Pette Institute Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology Hamburg Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Lydia Teske
- Clinic for Poultry University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hannover Germany
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19
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Guerreiro AN, Moraes CCG, Marinho ANR, Barros BCV, Bezerra DAM, Bandeira RS, Silva RR, Rocha DCC, Meneses AMC, Luz MA, Paz GS, Mascarenhas JDP. Investigation of Enteric Viruses in the Feces of Neotropical Migratory Birds Captured on the Coast of the State of Pará, Brazil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - RR Silva
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brazil
| | | | - AMC Meneses
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
| | - MA Luz
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
| | - GS Paz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
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20
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Chen F, Knutson TP, Porter RE, Ciarlet M, Mor SK, Marthaler DG. Genome characterization of Turkey Rotavirus G strains from the United States identifies potential recombination events with human Rotavirus B strains. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2931-2936. [PMID: 29168675 PMCID: PMC5845698 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus G (RVG) strains have been detected in a variety of avian species, but RVG genomes have been published from only a single pigeon and two chicken strains. Two turkey RVG strains were identified and characterized, one in a hatchery with no reported health issues and the other in a hatchery with high embryo/poult mortality. The two turkey RVG strains shared only an 85.3 % nucleotide sequence identity in the VP7 gene while the other genes possessed high nucleotide identity among them (96.3–99.9 %). Low nucleotide percentage identities (31.6–87.3 %) occurred among the pigeon and chicken RVG strains. Interestingly, potential recombination events were detected between our RVG strains and a human RVB strain, in the VP6 and NSP3 segments. The epidemiology of RVG in avian flocks and the pathogenicity of the two different RVG strains should be further investigated to understand the ecology and impact of RVG in commercial poultry flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Chen
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Todd P Knutson
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Robert E Porter
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Max Ciarlet
- Vaccines Clinical Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Douglas G Marthaler
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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21
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Deol P, Kattoor JJ, Sircar S, Ghosh S, Bányai K, Dhama K, Malik YS. Avian Group D Rotaviruses: Structure, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Perspectives on Future Research Challenges. Pathogens 2017; 6:E53. [PMID: 29064408 PMCID: PMC5750577 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1981, a new virus (virus 132) was described for the first time with morphological and biochemical similarities to rotaviruses (RVs), but without antigenic similarity to any of the previously known rotavirus groups. Subsequently, it was re-designated as D/132, and formed a new serogroup among rotaviruses, the group D rotavirus (RVD). Since their identification, RVs are the leading cause of enteritis and diarrhea in humans and various animal species, and are also associated with abridged growth, particularly in avian species. Recently, RVD has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of runting and stunting syndrome (RSS), alongside other viruses such as reovirus, astrovirus, coronavirus, and others, all of which cause colossal economic losses to the poultry industry. RVD has been reported from several countries worldwide, and to date, only one complete genome sequence for RVD is available. Neither an immunodiagnostic nor a vaccine is available for the detection and prevention of RVD infection. Despite our growing understanding about this particular group, questions remain regarding its exact prevalence and pathogenecity, and the disease-associated annual losses for the poultry industry. Here, we describe the current knowledge about the identification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of RVD in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Deol
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Jobin Jose Kattoor
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungáriakrt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
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22
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Oni OO, Owoade AA, Adeyefa CAO. Design and evaluation of primer pairs for efficient detection of avian rotavirus. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:267-273. [PMID: 28963616 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of molecular methods for rotavirus characterisation provides increased sensitivity for typing and allows the identification of putative reassortant strains. Reagents and methods for genotyping the virus need constant modification because of the reassortant nature of the virus. This study was aimed at designing and evaluating new oligonucleotide degenerate primer pairs that provide increased sensitivity and specificity for detecting avian rotavirus. Gene-specific primer pairs were designed by analysing different rotavirus strains isolated during the last decade by downloading them from the GenBank. The alignments were generated using clustal analysis from the BioEdit program. Degenerate nucleotides were included due to the reassortant nature of rotavirus. The consensus sequences were aligned using the BioEdit program and then treated with the Fast PCR software to derive the primers. The derived primer sequences were submitted for a BLAST search to ensure alignment was exclusive to the desired target genes. The designed primers had specific bands and were efficient in detecting rotavirus in faecal samples than previously published primers. Thus, a successful surveillance of rotaviruses requires that primer pairs be updated regularly in order to detect the emergence of novel or "unusual types", which have occurred by genetic drift causing nucleotide changes at the primer binding sites that result in typing failures. We recommend the use of the proposed primers in molecular surveillance studies for efficient detection of avian rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole Oyetunde Oni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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23
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Ye L, Jiang Y, Yang G, Yang W, Hu J, Cui Y, Shi C, Liu J, Wang C. Murine bone marrow-derived DCs activated by porcine rotavirus stimulate the Th1 subtype response in vitro. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:325-334. [PMID: 28710013 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) infection causes acute, watery dehydrating diarrhea and even death in infants and other young animals, resulting in a severe economic burden; however, little is known about the innate immune mechanisms associated with RV infection. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), serve as a bridge connecting the innate and adaptive immune system. In this study, the interaction between murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) and porcine rotavirus (PRV) was investigated in vitro. Upon stimulation, the expression levels of MHC-II, CD40, CD80, CD86 and CD83 in BMDCs increased in a time-dependent manner, indicating activation and maturation by PRV. In addition, up-regulated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR3 and NF-κB increased the production of interleukin-12 and interferon-γ. The PRV-stimulated BMDCs also showed increased stimulatory capacity in mixed lymphocyte reactions and promoted the Th1 subtype response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ye
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanlong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jingtao Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yulin Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Kattoor JJ, Saurabh S, Malik YS, Sircar S, Dhama K, Ghosh S, Bányai K, Kobayashi N, Singh RK. Unexpected detection of porcine rotavirus C strains carrying human origin VP6 gene. Vet Q 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1346849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Jose Kattoor
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Sharad Saurabh
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Pauly M, Oni OO, Sausy A, Owoade AA, Adeyefa CAO, Muller CP, Hübschen JM, Snoeck CJ. Molecular epidemiology of Avian Rotaviruses Group A and D shed by different bird species in Nigeria. Virol J 2017; 14:111. [PMID: 28606119 PMCID: PMC5469043 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian rotaviruses (RVs) cause gastrointestinal diseases of birds worldwide. However, prevalence, diversity, epidemiology and phylogeny of RVs remain largely under-investigated in Africa. Methods Fecal samples from 349 birds (158 symptomatic, 107 asymptomatic and 84 birds without recorded health status) were screened by reverse transcription PCR to detect RV groups A and D (RVA and RVD). Partial gene sequences of VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 for RVA, and of VP6 and VP7 for RVD were obtained and analyzed to infer phylogenetic relationship. Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression were applied to identify factors potentially influencing virus shedding in chickens. Results A high prevalence of RVA (36.1%; 126/349) and RVD (31.8%; 111/349) shedding was revealed in birds. In chickens, RV shedding was age-dependent and highest RVD shedding rates were found in commercial farms. No negative health effect could be shown, and RVA and RVD shedding was significantly more likely in asymptomatic chickens: RVA/RVD were detected in 51.9/48.1% of the asymptomatic chickens, compared to 18.9/29.7% of the symptomatic chickens (p < 0.001/p = 0.01). First RVA sequences were obtained from mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and guinea fowls (Numida meleagris). Phylogenetic analyses illustrated the high genetic diversity of RVA and RVD in Nigerian birds and suggested cross-species transmission of RVA, especially at live bird markets. Indeed, RVA strains highly similar to a recently published fox rotavirus (RVA/Fox-tc/ITA/288356/2011/G18P[17]) and distantly related to other avian RVs were detected in different bird species, including pigeons, ducks, guinea fowls, quails and chickens. Conclusion This study provides new insights into epidemiology, diversity and classification of avian RVA and RVD in Nigeria. We show that cross-species transmission of host permissive RV strains occurs when different bird species are mixed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0778-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Pauly
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Oluwole O Oni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Aurélie Sausy
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ademola A Owoade
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Claude P Muller
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Judith M Hübschen
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Chantal J Snoeck
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Domańska-Blicharz K, Bocian Ł, Lisowska A, Jacukowicz A, Pikuła A, Minta Z. Cross-sectional survey of selected enteric viruses in Polish turkey flocks between 2008 and 2011. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:108. [PMID: 28410608 PMCID: PMC5391614 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteric diseases are an important health problem for the intensive poultry industry, resulting in considerable economic losses. Apart from such microbiological agents associated with enteritis as bacteria and parasites, a lot of research has been recently conducted on viral origin of enteric diseases. However, enteric viruses have been identified in intestinal tract of not only diseased but also healthy poultry, so their role in enteritis is still unclear. The present study aimed at determination of the prevalence of four enteric viruses, namely astrovirus, coronavirus, parvovirus and rotavirus in meat-type turkey flocks in Poland as well as at statistical evaluation of the occurrence of the studied viruses and their relationships with the health status and the age of birds. Two hundred and seven flocks of birds aged 1-20 weeks originating from different regions of the country were investigated between 2008 and 2011. Clinical samples (10 individual faecal swabs/flock) were duly processed and examined using molecular methods targeting the conservative regions of viral genomes: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of astrovirus, non-structural 1 gene of parvovirus, non-structural protein 4 gene of rotavirus, and 5′ untranslated region fragment of turkey coronavirus. Different statistical methods (i.e. the independence chi-square test, the correspondence analysis and the logistic regression model) were used to establish any relationships between the analyzed data. Results Overall, 137 (66.2%, 95% CI: 59.3-72.6) of the 207 turkey flocks sampled were infected with one or more enteric viruses. Among the 137 flocks, 74 (54%, 95% CI: 45.3-62.6) were positive for one virus, whereas 54 (39.4%, 9 5% CI: 31.2-48.1) and 9 (6.6%, 95% CI: 3.1-12.1) were co-infected with two or three different enteric viruses, respectively. No flock was simultaneously infected with all four viruses studied. The prevalence of astrovirus infection was 44.9% (95% CI: 38.0-52.0), parvovirus 27.5% (95% CI: 21.6-34.2), rotavirus 18.8% (95% CI: 13.8-24.8), and coronavirus 9.7% (95% CI: 6.0-14.5). Young turkeys aged 1-4 weeks old had the highest (82.1%, 95% CI:71.7-89.8) prevalence of viral infection. Applied statistical methods have indicated the dependence of rotavirus infection as well as the co-infection with multiple viruses and the health status of turkeys. Furthermore, our results statistically confirm that especially young birds are susceptible to infection with rotavirus and astrovirus. Conclusions The study demonstrated the presence of astrovirus, coronavirus, parvovirus and rotavirus infections in Polish turkey farms. These viruses were detected in both healthy and diseased birds. However, the presented results provide valuable feedback which could help to evaluate the role of some enteric viruses in the etiology of enteritis in turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Domańska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
| | - Ł Bocian
- Department of Epidemiology and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - A Lisowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - A Jacukowicz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - A Pikuła
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Z Minta
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
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Falcone E, Busi C, Lavazza A, Monini M, Bertoletti M, Canelli E, Vignolo E, Ruggeri FM, Boniotti MB. Molecular characterization of avian rotaviruses circulating in Italian poultry flocks. Avian Pathol 2016; 44:509-15. [PMID: 26399154 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1096011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Avian rotaviruses are still largely undefined despite being widespread in several avian species and despite the economic impact of rotavirus (RV) enteritis in poultry flocks. In this study, the presence of different avian RV groups was investigated in commercial poultry flocks reared in Northern and Central Italy and with a history of enteric diseases. Faeces or intestinal contents from different avian species previously found to contain RV particles by electron microscopy (EM) were analysed by both RNA-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction specific for groups A, D, F and G RVs. Group D avian RV was detected in 107 of 117 samples tested (91.5%), whereas groups A, F and G avian RVs were present in 70 (59%), 61 (52.1%) and 31 (26.5%) samples, respectively. Multiple presence of different RV groups was detected in 83% of samples. This study provides novel data on the prevalence of genetically different avian RVs in Italian poultry flocks. This information is useful to elucidate the epidemiology of avian RVs circulating in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliana Falcone
- a Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Chiara Busi
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna , Via Antonio Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia , Italy
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna , Via Antonio Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia , Italy
| | - Marina Monini
- a Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Marco Bertoletti
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna , Via Antonio Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia , Italy
| | - Elena Canelli
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna , Via Antonio Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia , Italy
| | - Edoardo Vignolo
- a Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Franco Maria Ruggeri
- a Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna , Via Antonio Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia , Italy
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Ter Veen C, de Bruijn ND, Dijkman R, de Wit JJ. Prevalence of histopathological intestinal lesions and enteric pathogens in Dutch commercial broilers with time. Avian Pathol 2016; 46:95-105. [PMID: 27557362 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1223271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal disease has a major impact on the broiler industry due to economic and welfare reasons. Intestinal disease might occur due to a large number of reasons varying from well-defined pathogens to non-specific enteritis and complex syndromes. However, knowledge about the nature of intestinal disease and presence of enteric viruses in the Dutch broiler industry is largely absent. Therefore, a large-scale field study, in which 98 broiler flocks from 86 farms were sampled weekly, was started to assess the prevalence of histopathological lesions in the jejunum, a number of enterotropic viruses by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) and coccidia by lesion scoring. Histopathological lesions indicative of intestinal disease were found in all flocks examined. The pathogens investigated were chicken astrovirus (99% of flocks positive), avian nephritis virus 3 (100%), rotavirus A (95%), rotavirus D (52%), reovirus (100%), Eimeria acervulina (94%), E. maxima (49%) and E. tenella (40%). The enteric viruses were more prevalent in the first weeks of the growing period, while coccidiosis was more frequently found at 4 and 5 weeks of age. The abundant presence of the enteric viruses and enteric disorders stresses the need to elucidate the role of these viruses in intestinal disease. Furthermore, the high prevalence of coccidiosis despite the use of anticoccidials shows that the current coccidial management programmes might be insufficient in controlling this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ter Veen
- a GD Animal Health , Deventer , The Netherlands
| | | | - R Dijkman
- a GD Animal Health , Deventer , The Netherlands
| | - J J de Wit
- a GD Animal Health , Deventer , The Netherlands
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Nuñez LFN, Parra SHS, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Carranza C, Torre DIDL, Pedroso AC, Ferreira AJP. Detection of enteric viruses in pancreas and spleen of broilers with runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000700006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Enteric disease is a multifactorial problem in chickens, which causes gastrointestinal alterations, elevated feed conversions and impairment. In the last years, several enteric viruses were implicated in enteric disease; case reports have shown their presence alone or in concomitant infections during outbreaks and have suggested that they might be determining factors in the aetiology of enteric disease. This study shows high detection rates of enteric viruses in the pancreas and spleen in samples from an outbreak of enteritis and malabsorption in 16 chicken flocks (n=80 broilers). Avian nephritis virus (ANV) was the most ubiquitous virus, present in 75% of the flocks followed by avian rotavirus group A (ART-A) with 68.75%, and by chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and chicken parvovirus (ChPV) in 43.75% of samples. Viruses were present in the pancreas of positive flocks at extremely high rates: 100% for ART-A, 91.7% for ANV, 100% for CAstV and 57.14% for ChPV. By contrast, only 16.7% and 57.14% of intestine samples were positive for ANV and CAstV, respectively. Avian reovirus (AReo) and avian adenovirus group 1 (FAdV-1) were not detected. These results suggest that high viral detection rates in pancreas samples may be a result of viremia during enteric disease, with subsequent damage of the exocrine pancreas, leading to runting-stunting syndrome (RSS).
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Detection of the VP6 gene of group F and G rotaviruses in broiler chicken fecal samples from the Amazon region of Brazil. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2263-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Genotype G23P[37] Pheasant Rotavirus Strain Identified in Hungary. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/2/e00119-16. [PMID: 27034484 PMCID: PMC4816612 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00119-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the genomic properties of a rotavirus A strain isolated from diarrheic pheasant poults in Hungary in 2015. Sequence analyses revealed a shared genomic constellation (G23-P[37]-I4-R4-C4-M4-A16-N10-T4-E4-H4) and close relationship (range of nucleotide sequence similarity: VP2, 88%; VP1 and NSP4, 98%) with another pheasant rotavirus strain isolated previously in Germany.
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Generation of an Avian-Mammalian Rotavirus Reassortant by Using a Helper Virus-Dependent Reverse Genetics System. J Virol 2015; 90:1439-43. [PMID: 26581988 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02730-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The genetic diversity of rotavirus A (RVA) strains is facilitated in part by genetic reassortment. Although this process of genome segment exchange has been reported frequently among mammalian RVAs, it remained unknown if mammalian RVAs also could package genome segments from avian RVA strains. We generated a simian RVA strain SA11 reassortant containing the VP4 gene of chicken RVA strain 02V0002G3. To achieve this, we transfected BSR5/T7 cells with a T7 polymerase-driven VP4-encoding plasmid, infected the cells with a temperature-sensitive SA11 VP4 mutant, and selected the recombinant virus by increasing the temperature. The reassortant virus could be stably passaged and exhibited cytopathic effects in MA-104 cells, but it replicated less efficiently than both parental viruses. Our results show that avian and mammalian rotaviruses can exchange genome segments, resulting in replication-competent reassortants with new genomic and antigenic features. IMPORTANCE This study shows that rotaviruses of mammals can package genome segments from rotaviruses of birds. The genetic diversity of rotaviruses could be broadened by this process, which might be important for their antigenic variability. The reverse genetics system applied in the study could be useful for targeted generation and subsequent characterization of distinct rotavirus reassortant strains.
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Analysis of codon usage pattern evolution in avian rotaviruses and their preferred host. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:17-25. [PMID: 26086995 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus infection is a worldwide problem, with occurrence of highly divergent viruses classified in 8 species (A-H). We report here the evolution assessment of codon usage patterns in virus-host system in avian rotavirus (AvRV) of species RVA, RVD, RVF and RVG (preferentially affecting birds). The nucleotide contents, codon usage bias (CUB), relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), and effective number of codons (ENCs) values were investigated targeting overexpressing major inner capsid viral protein (VP6) of these AvRV species. The results confirm that the evolutionary characteristics influences the rotavirus (RV) genetic diversity and impact of host's natural selection on the AvRVs codons. Synonymous codon usage patterns were evaluated following multivariate statistical procedures on all available AvRV coding gene sequences. RSCU trees accommodated all AvRV species and preferred host sequences in one topology confirming greater imminence of AvRVs with the host chicken cell genes. Similarly, the codon adaptation index (CAI) results also displayed a higher adaptation of AvRVs to its chicken host. The codon preference analysis of RVs revealed that VP6 gene express more proficiently in the yeast system, whereas, codon optimization might be required for the effectual expression in Escherichia coli and Homo sapiens. The findings provide basic evidence on the dynamics of AvRV evolution and its host adaptation, which could be exploited for additional research on avian species in future.
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Lavazza A, Tittarelli C, Cerioli M. The use of convalescent sera in immune-electron microscopy to detect non-suspected/new viral agents. Viruses 2015; 7:2683-703. [PMID: 26008707 PMCID: PMC4452926 DOI: 10.3390/v7052683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative staining electron microscopy methods can be employed for the diagnosis of viral particles in animal samples. In fact, negative staining electron microscopy methods are used to identify viruses, especially in minor species and wild animals, when no other methods are available and in cases of rare, emerging or re-emerging infections. In particular, immune-electron-microscopy with convalescent sera is employed to detect etiological agents when there are undiagnosed clinical outbreaks, when alternative diagnostic methods fail due to the lack of immunological reagents and primers, and when there is no indicative clinical suspect. An overview of immune-electron-microscopy with convalescent sera’s use in the diagnosis of new and unsuspected viruses in animals of domestic and wild species is provided through the descriptions of the following four diagnostic veterinary cases: (I) enteric viruses of pigs: Porcine Rotavirus, Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Porcine Circovirus and Porcine Torovirus; (II) Rotavirus and astrovirus in young turkeys with enteritis; (III) Parvovirus-like particles in pheasants; and (IV) Lagoviruses: Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus and European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lavazza
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Virology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell' Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini" (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Tittarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Sezione di Genova Piazza Borgo Pila 39, 16129 Genova, Italy.
| | - Monica Cerioli
- Epidemiological Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
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Dhama K, Saminathan M, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Shabbir MZ, Kumar N, Malik YS, Singh RK. Avian rotavirus enteritis - an updated review. Vet Q 2015; 35:142-58. [PMID: 25917772 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2015.1046014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are among the leading causes of enteritis and diarrhea in a number of mammalian and avian species, and impose colossal loss to livestock and poultry industry globally. Subsequent to detection of rotavirus in mammalian hosts in 1973, avian rotavirus (AvRV) was first reported in turkey poults in USA during 1977 and since then RVs of group A (RVA), D (RVD), F (RVF) and G (RVG) have been identified around the globe. Besides RVA, other AvRV groups (RVD, RVF and RVG) may also contribute to disease. However, their significance has yet to be unraveled. Under field conditions, co-infection of AvRVs occurs with other infectious agents such as astroviruses, enteroviruses, reoviruses, paramyxovirus, adenovirus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, cryptosporidium and Eimeria species prospering severity of disease outcome. Birds surviving to RV disease predominantly succumb to secondary bacterial infections, mostly E. coli and Salmonella spp. Recent developments in molecular tools including state-of-the-art diagnostics and vaccine development have led to advances in our understanding towards AvRVs. Development of new generation vaccines using immunogenic antigens of AvRV has to be explored and given due importance. Till now, no effective vaccines are available. Although specific as well as sensitive approaches are available to identify and characterize AvRVs, there is still need to have point-of-care detection assays to review disease burden, contemplate new directions for adopting vaccination and follow improvements in public health measures. This review discusses AvRVs, their epidemiology, pathology and pathogenesis, immunity, recent trends in diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics as well as appropriate prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- a Division of Pathology , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , Bareilly 243122 , India
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Abstract
Rotaviruses are segmented double-stranded RNA viruses that cause gastroenteritis in mammals and birds. Here we describe the first partial nucleotide sequences of the structural protein VP6 from the genomes of group F rotaviruses that were detected in 5 out of 53 fecal samples (9.43%) from healthy broilers from Brazilian poultry farms based on reverse-transcriptase-PCR with primers designed for this study. The findings support the development of molecular detection systems, which can be used for the assessment of the distribution of rotavirus F in birds, their potential involvement in diseases, and their impact on poultry health.
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Desselberger U. Rotaviruses. Virus Res 2014; 190:75-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bezerra DAM, da Silva RR, Kaiano JHL, de Souza Oliveira D, Gabbay YB, Linhares AC, Mascarenhas JDP. Detection, epidemiology and characterization of VP6 and VP7 genes of group D rotavirus in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol 2014; 43:238-43. [PMID: 24875189 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.913097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rotaviruses infect humans and animals and are classified into eight groups (A to H). Group D rotavirus (RVD) has been described in birds, although relatively few reports are available. The present study focused on RVD, including epidemiological and molecular aspects of samples collected from broiler chickens in the state of Pará, Brazil. A total of 85 faecal samples were collected between 2008 and 2011 from 37 chicken farms located in eight different municipalities. The viral double-stranded RNA was extracted from faecal suspensions and analysed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nucleotide sequencing of the VP6 and VP7 genes. Comparing the positive results, 16.5% (14/85) were obtained by PAGE and 35.3% (30/85) by RT-PCR. Samples from seven of eight municipalities were positive for RVD and infections were recorded in 17 (45.9%) of 37 chicken farms. The RVD infection rate was significantly higher in the 16-day to 30-day age group (62.2%; 23/37) compared with other ages. No consistent relationship was found between the infection rate and either the population density in poultry houses or the climatic conditions. The nucleotide sequences of the VP6 gene were 89.9 to 90.9% similar to the prototype strain 05V0049 and were 88.3 to 100% similar among themselves; VP7 gene nucleotide sequences were 84.3 to 85.4% similar to the prototype strain 05V0049 and 93.8 to 100% similar among themselves. Overall, this study provides new insights into the epidemiology and genome characterization of group D rotaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delana Andreza Melo Bezerra
- a Seção de Virologia , Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde , Ananindeua , Brazil
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Abstract
Gut health is very important to get maximum returns in terms of weight gain and egg production. Enteric diseases such as poult enteritis complex (PEC) in turkeys do not allow their production potential to be achieved to its maximum. A number of viruses, bacteria, and protozoa have been implicated but the primary etiology has not been definitively established. Previously, electron microscopy was used to detect the presence of enteric viruses, which were identified solely on the basis of their morphology. With the advent of rapid molecular diagnostic methods and next generation nucleic acid sequencing, researchers have made long strides in identification and characterization of viruses associated with PEC. The molecular techniques have also helped us in identification of pathogens which were previously not known. Regional and national surveys have revealed the presence of several different enteric viruses in PEC including rotavirus, astrovirus, reovirus and coronavirus either alone or in combination. There may still be unknown pathogens that may directly or indirectly play a role in enteritis in turkeys. This review will focus on the role of turkey coronavirus, rotavirus, reovirus, and astrovirus in turkey enteritis.
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Ghosh S, Kobayashi N. Exotic rotaviruses in animals and rotaviruses in exotic animals. Virusdisease 2014; 25:158-72. [PMID: 25674582 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are a major cause of viral diarrhea in the young of mammals and birds. RVA strains with certain genotype constellations or VP7-VP4 (G-P) genotype combinations are commonly found in a particular host species, whilst unusual or exotic RVAs have also been reported. In most cases, these exotic rotaviruses are derived from RVA strains common to other host species, possibly through interspecies transmission coupled with reassortment events, whilst a few other strains exhibit novel genotypes/genetic constellations rarely found in other RVAs. The epidemiology and evolutionary patterns of exotic rotaviruses in humans have been thoroughly reviewed previously. On the other hand, there is no comprehensive review article devoted to exotic rotaviruses in domestic animals and birds so far. The present review focuses on the exotic/unusual rotaviruses detected in livestock (cattle and pigs), horses and companion animals (cats and dogs). Avian rotaviruses (group D, group F and group G strains), including RVAs, which are genetically divergent from mammalian RVAs, are also discussed. Although scattered and limited studies have reported rotaviruses in several exotic animals and birds, including wildlife, these data remain to be reviewed. Therefore, a section entitled "rotaviruses in exotic animals" was included in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S 1, W 17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556 Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S 1, W 17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556 Japan
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Ribeiro Silva R, Bezerra DAM, Kaiano JHL, Oliveira DDS, Silvestre RVD, Gabbay YB, Ganesh B, Mascarenhas JDP. Genogroup I avian picobirnavirus detected in Brazilian broiler chickens: a molecular epidemiology study. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:117-122. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.054783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Picobirnavirus (PBV) belongs to the family Picobirnaviridae. Picobirnaviruses contain a bisegmented dsRNA genome that is non-enveloped. A total of 85 pooled faecal samples were collected from the poultry of 37 farms from the Metropolitan Mesoregion of Belém (MMB), Pará state, Brazil. The viral RNA from each sample was analysed by PAGE and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). For each county affected, at least one positive sample was selected, cloned and sequenced. The samples showed a positivity of 15.3 % (13/85) by PAGE and 49.4 % (42/85) by RT-PCR. Sequencing of these strains demonstrated a considerable RdRp gene heterogeneity that ranged from 56.1 to 100 % at the nucleotide level compared with prototypes of different species and water sewage, and from 50.3 to 100 % among themselves. Avian picobirnavirus (AvPBV) was detected in MMB broiler farms and showed a heterogeneous relationship with the prototypes used. This report includes what is believed to be the first gene sequencing of AvPBV in Brazilian broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Ribeiro Silva
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Avenida Almirante Barroso, Número 1234, CEP: 66093032, Lanagro, Belém/Pará, Brazil
| | - Delana Andreza Melo Bezerra
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde. Rodovia BR-316 km 7, Sem Número, Levilândia. CEP: 67030-000, Ananindeua/Pará, Brazil
| | - Jane Haruko Lima Kaiano
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde. Rodovia BR-316 km 7, Sem Número, Levilândia. CEP: 67030-000, Ananindeua/Pará, Brazil
| | - Darleise de Souza Oliveira
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde. Rodovia BR-316 km 7, Sem Número, Levilândia. CEP: 67030-000, Ananindeua/Pará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Vellasco Duarte Silvestre
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde. Rodovia BR-316 km 7, Sem Número, Levilândia. CEP: 67030-000, Ananindeua/Pará, Brazil
| | - Yvone Benchimol Gabbay
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde. Rodovia BR-316 km 7, Sem Número, Levilândia. CEP: 67030-000, Ananindeua/Pará, Brazil
| | - Balasubramanian Ganesh
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India
| | - Joana D’Arc Pereira Mascarenhas
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde. Rodovia BR-316 km 7, Sem Número, Levilândia. CEP: 67030-000, Ananindeua/Pará, Brazil
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Koo BS, Lee HR, Jeon EO, Han MS, Min KC, Lee SB, Mo IP. Molecular survey of enteric viruses in commercial chicken farms in Korea with a history of enteritis. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2876-85. [PMID: 24135590 PMCID: PMC7194588 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several enteric viruses have increasingly received attention as potential causative agents of runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) in chickens. A molecular survey was performed to determine the presence of a broad range of enteric viruses, namely chicken astrovirus (CAstV), avian nephritis virus (ANV), chicken parvovirus (ChPV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian rotavirus (AvRV), avian reovirus (ARV), and fowl adenovirus (FAdV), in intestinal samples derived from 34 commercial chicken flocks that experienced enteritis outbreaks between 2010 and 2012. Using techniques such as PCR and reverse-transcription PCR, enteric viruses were identified in a total of 85.3% of investigated commercial chicken flocks in Korea. Furthermore, diverse combinations of 2 or more enteric viruses were simultaneously identified in 51.7% of chicken farms positive for enteric viruses. The rank order of positivity for enteric viruses was as follows: ANV (44.1%), CAstV (38.2%), ChPV (26.5%), IBV (20.6%), ARV (8.8%), AvRV (5.9%), and FAdV (2.9%). Additionally, other pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Eimeria spp., and FAdV were detected in 79% of chicken flocks positive for enteric viruses using PCR, bacterial isolation, and microscopic examination. The results of our study indicate the presence of several enteric viruses with various combinations in commercial chicken farms that experienced enteritis outbreaks. Experimental studies are required to further understand the roles of enteric viruses in RSS in commercial chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Koo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 410 SungBong-Ro, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea
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Kindler E, Trojnar E, Heckel G, Otto PH, Johne R. Analysis of rotavirus species diversity and evolution including the newly determined full-length genome sequences of rotavirus F and G. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 14:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Trojnar E, Sachsenröder J, Twardziok S, Reetz J, Otto PH, Johne R. Identification of an avian group A rotavirus containing a novel VP4 gene with a close relationship to those of mammalian rotaviruses. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:136-142. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.047381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are an important cause of diarrhoeal illness in humans, as well as in mammalian and avian animal species. Previous sequence analyses indicated that avian RVAs are related only distantly to mammalian RVAs. Here, the complete genomes of RVA strain 03V0002E10 from turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and RVA strain 10V0112H5 from pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) were analysed using a combination of 454 deep sequencing and Sanger sequencing technologies. An adenine-rich insertion similar to that found in the chicken RVA strain 02V0002G3, but considerably shorter, was found in the 3′ NCR of the NSP1 gene of the pheasant strain. Most genome segments of both strains were related closely to those of avian RVAs. The novel genotype N10 was assigned to the NSP2 gene of the pheasant RVA, which is related most closely to genotype N6 found in avian RVAs. However, this virus contains a VP4 gene of the novel genotype P[37], which is related most closely to RVAs from pigs, dogs and humans. This strain either may represent an avian/mammalian rotavirus reassortant, or it carries an unusual avian rotavirus VP4 gene, thereby broadening the potential genetic and antigenic variability among RVAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Trojnar
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
- Free University Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Sachsenröder
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
- Free University Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Twardziok
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Bioinformatic, Charite, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Reetz
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H. Otto
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Institute for Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Reimar Johne
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Bezerra DAM, da Silva RR, Kaiano JHL, Silvestre RVD, de Souza Oliveira D, Linhares AC, Gabbay YB, Mascarenhas JDP. Detection of avian group D rotavirus using the polymerase chain reaction for the VP6 gene. J Virol Methods 2012; 185:189-92. [PMID: 22820073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Group D rotaviruses (RVs-D) have been documented in birds and, while they may be common in these animals, few molecular studies are available for this specific group. In this study, specific primers for the gene that encodes for the RVs-D VP6 protein were designed and used in a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Thirty pools of samples were tested by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) yielding a 30% (9/30) positivity. These pools were subjected subsequently to RT-PCR, with a 53% (16/30) positivity rate. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was demonstrated up to a dilution of 5 × 10(-4)ng/μL (0.5 pg/μL) of the cloned VP6 gene. The four samples were sequenced and showed 90.8-91.1% similarity with regards to the RVs-D VP6 gene. To assess for specificity our RT-PCR was applied to nine samples known to contain enteric viral agents other than group D rotaviruses including picobirnavirus, rotavirus group A, and reovirus with negative results. Overall, the data confirm the specificity of the primers used for detecting the RVs-D by RT-PCR, suggesting that this assay can be used for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delana Andreza Melo Bezerra
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rodovia BR 316-KM 07, S/N, Levilândia, 67.030-000, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
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