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Hao J, Jia M, Liu Y, Lv Z, Chen J, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Application of a rapid and sensitive RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay for naked-eye detection of Haemophilus parasuis. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342101. [PMID: 38182383 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes severe infections in swine, resulting in substantial economic losses. Currently, the majority of H. parasuis detection methods are impractical for on-site application due to their reliance on large instruments or complex procedures. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid, visually detectable, and highly sensitive detection method, especially under resource-limited environments and field conditions. RESULTS In this study, we established a naked eye assay for highly sensitive detection by combining recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with CRISPR/Cas12a technology. Positive samples exhibited a clear red color visible to the naked eye, while negative samples appeared blue. We achieved a remarkable sensitivity, detecting H. parasuis down to a single copy, with no cross-reactivity with other bacteria. In a mouse model, our assay detected H. parasuis infection nearly 8 h earlier than traditional PCR. Compared to qPCR, our detection results were 100 % accurate. To enhance point-of-care applicability and mitigate the risk of aerosol contamination from uncapping, we consolidated RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a cleavage into a single-tube reaction system. This integrated approach was validated with 20 clinical lung samples, yielding results consistent with those obtained from qPCR. The entire procedure, from DNA extraction to detection, was completed in 35 min. SIGNIFICANCE We present an RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay suitable for the early and resource-efficient diagnosis of H. parasuis infections. Its simplicity and visual detection are advantageous for field diagnostics, representing a substantial develpoment in the diagnosis of H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengyan Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenlin Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Gao M, Zuo J, Shen Y, Yuan S, Gao S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yi L. Modeling Co-Infection by Streptococcus suis and Haemophilus parasuis Reveals Influences on Biofilm Formation and Host Response. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091511. [PMID: 37174548 PMCID: PMC10177019 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) and Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) are two primary pathogens currently affecting the porcine industry. They often cause encephalitis and arthritis. They also frequently co-infect in clinical settings. In the current study, we identified significant correlations between S. suis and H. parasuis. The results from CI versus RIR suggested that S. suis and H. parasuis were competitive in general. Compared to mono-species biofilm, the biomass, bio-volume, and thickness of mixed-species biofilms were significantly higher, which was confirmed using crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to mono-species biofilm, the viable bacteria in the mixed-species biofilms were significantly lower, which was confirmed using the enumeration of colony-forming units (CFU cm-2). The susceptibility of antibiotics in the co-culture decreased in the planktonic state. In contrast, biofilm state bacteria are significantly more difficult to eradicate with antibiotics than in a planktonic state. Whether in planktonic or biofilm state, the expression of virulence genes of S. suis and H. parasuis in mixed culture was very different from that in single culture. Subsequently, by establishing a mixed infection model in mice, we found that the colonization of the two pathogens in organs increased after mixed infection, and altered the host's inflammatory response. In summary, our results indicate that S. suis and H. parasuis compete when co-cultured in vitro. Surprisingly, S. suis and H. parasuis synergistically increased colonization capacity after co-infection in vivo. This study elucidated the interaction between S. suis and H. parasuis during single infections and co-infections. Future studies on bacterial disease control and antibiotic treatment should consider the interaction of mixed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yamin Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shuji Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Li Yi
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
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Lee CY, Ong HX, Tan CY, Low SE, Phang LY, Lai J, Ooi PT, Fong MWC. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Outer membrane protein P2 ( OmpP2) of Glaesserella ( Haemophilus) parasuis Isolates in Central State of Peninsular Malaysia. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020308. [PMID: 36839580 PMCID: PMC9966854 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis, the etiological agent of Glässer's disease, is an economically significant pathogen commonly associated with serofibrinous polyserositis, arthritis, fibrinous bronchopneumonia and/or meningitis. This study is the first attempt to molecularly characterize and provide a detailed overview of the genetic variants of G. parasuis present in Malaysia, in reference to its serotype, virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters (vtaA) gene and outer membrane protein P2 (OmpP2) gene. The G. parasuis isolates (n = 11) from clinically sick field samples collected from two major pig producing states (Selangor and Perak) were selected for analysis. Upon multiplex PCR, the majority of the isolates (eight out of 11) were identified to be serotype 5 or 12, and interestingly, serotypes 3, 8 and 15 were also detected, which had never been reported in Malaysia prior to this. Generally, virulent vtaA was detected for all isolates, except for one, which displayed a nonvirulent vtaA. A phylogenetic analysis of the OmpP2 gene revealed that the majority of Malaysian isolates were clustered into genotype 1, which could be further divided into Ia and Ib, while only one isolate was clustered into genotype 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Yien Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chew Yee Tan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Suet Ee Low
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Lai Yee Phang
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Jyhmirn Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - Peck Toung Ooi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (P.T.O.); (M.W.C.F.)
| | - Michelle Wai Cheng Fong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (P.T.O.); (M.W.C.F.)
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Zhou Y, Jiang D, Yao X, Luo Y, Yang Z, Ren M, Zhang G, Yu Y, Lu A, Wang Y. Pan-genome wide association study of Glaesserella parasuis highlights genes associated with virulence and biofilm formation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1160433. [PMID: 37138622 PMCID: PMC10149723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis is a gram-negative bacterium that causes fibrotic polyserositis and arthritis in pig, significantly affecting the pig industry. The pan-genome of G. parasuis is open. As the number of genes increases, the core and accessory genomes may show more pronounced differences. The genes associated with virulence and biofilm formation are also still unclear due to the diversity of G. parasuis. Therefore, we have applied a pan-genome-wide association study (Pan-GWAS) to 121 strains G. parasuis. Our analysis revealed that the core genome consists of 1,133 genes associated with the cytoskeleton, virulence, and basic biological processes. The accessory genome is highly variable and is a major cause of genetic diversity in G. parasuis. Furthermore, two biologically important traits (virulence, biofilm formation) of G. parasuis were studied via pan-GWAS to search for genes associated with the traits. A total of 142 genes were associated with strong virulence traits. By affecting metabolic pathways and capturing the host nutrients, these genes are involved in signal pathways and virulence factors, which are beneficial for bacterial survival and biofilm formation. This research lays the foundation for further studies on virulence and biofilm formation and provides potential new drug and vaccine targets against G. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dike Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Wang,
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Wu J, Nan W, Peng G, Hu H, Xu C, Huang J, Xiao Z. Screening of linear B-cell epitopes and its proinflammatory activities of Haemophilus parasuis outer membrane protein P2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1192651. [PMID: 37207184 PMCID: PMC10189045 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1192651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract of pigs, but virulent strains can cause Glässer's disease, resulting in significant economic losses to the swine industry. OmpP2 is an outer membrane protein of this organism that shows considerable heterogeneity between virulent and non-virulent strains, with classification into genotypes I and II. It also acts as a dominant antigen and is involved in the inflammatory response. In this study, 32 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against recombinant OmpP2 (rOmpP2) of different genotypes were tested for reactivity to a panel of OmpP2 peptides. Nine linear B cell epitopes were screened, including five common genotype epitopes (Pt1a, Pt7/Pt7a, Pt9a, Pt17, and Pt19/Pt19a) and two groups of genotype-specific epitopes (Pt5 and Pt5-II, Pt11/Pt11a, and Pt11a-II). In addition, we used positive sera from mice and pigs to screen for five linear B-cell epitopes (Pt4, Pt14, Pt15, Pt21, and Pt22). After porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) were stimulated with overlapping OmpP2 peptides, we found that the epitope peptides Pt1 and Pt9, and the loop peptide Pt20 which was adjacent epitopes could all significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Additionally, we identified epitope peptides Pt7, Pt11/Pt11a, Pt17, Pt19, and Pt21 and loop peptides Pt13 and Pt18 which adjacent epitopes could also upregulate the mRNA expression levels of most proinflammatory cytokines. This suggested that these peptides may be the virulence-related sites of the OmpP2 protein, with proinflammatory activity. Further study revealed differences in the mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, between genotype-specific epitopes, which may be responsible for pathogenic differences between different genotype strains. Here, we profiled a linear B-cell epitope map of the OmpP2 protein and preliminarily analyzed the proinflammatory activities and effects of these epitopes on bacterial virulence, providing a reliable theoretical basis for establishing a method to distinguish strain pathogenicity and to screen candidate peptides for subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Wu
- Henry Fok College of Yingdong Biology and Agricultural, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- North Guangdong Collaborative Innovation and Development Center of Pig Farming and Disease Control, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- North Guangdong Pig Breeding Waste Reduction Engineering Technology Center, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wenjin Nan
- Henry Fok College of Yingdong Biology and Agricultural, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- North Guangdong Pig Breeding Waste Reduction Engineering Technology Center, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjin Nan,
| | - Guoliang Peng
- Henry Fok College of Yingdong Biology and Agricultural, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- North Guangdong Pig Breeding Waste Reduction Engineering Technology Center, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Honghui Hu
- Henry Fok College of Yingdong Biology and Agricultural, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- North Guangdong Pig Breeding Waste Reduction Engineering Technology Center, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Chongbo Xu
- Henry Fok College of Yingdong Biology and Agricultural, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- North Guangdong Collaborative Innovation and Development Center of Pig Farming and Disease Control, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jianqiang Huang
- Henry Fok College of Yingdong Biology and Agricultural, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- North Guangdong Collaborative Innovation and Development Center of Pig Farming and Disease Control, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xiao
- Henry Fok College of Yingdong Biology and Agricultural, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- North Guangdong Collaborative Innovation and Development Center of Pig Farming and Disease Control, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
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Wang Z, Gu J, Xiao K, Zhu W, Lin Y, Wen S, He Q, Xu X, Cai X. Glaesserella parasuis autotransporters EspP1 and EspP2 are novel IgA-specific proteases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1041774. [PMID: 36590439 PMCID: PMC9797811 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1041774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glaesserella parasuis causes Glässer's disease, which is associated with severe polyarthritis, fibrinous polyserositis and meningitis, and leads to significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. IgA is one of the most important humoral immune factors present on mucosal surfaces, and it plays a crucial role in neutralizing and removing pathogens. G. parasuis is able to colonize the mucosal membrane of respiratory tract without being eliminated. Nevertheless, the immune evasion mechanism of G. parasuis in thwarting IgA remains unclear. Aims The object of this study is to characterize the IgA degradation activity of Mac-1-containing autotransporter EspP1 and EspP2 from G. parasuis. Methods The swine IgA was purified and incubated with EspP1 and EspP2 respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the cleavage of swine IgA. Generation of EspP1 and EspP2 mutant protein were used to explore the putative active sites of EspPs. LC-MS/MS based N/C-terminal sequencing was performed to measure the cleavage sites in swine IgA. Result Our results show that G. parasuis EspP1 and EspP2 cleave swine IgA in a dose- and time- dependent manner. G. parasuis lose the IgA protease activity after simultaneously delete espP1 and espP2 indicating that EspP1 and EspP2 are the only two IgA proteases in G. parasuis. The IgA protease activity of EspP1 and EspP2 is affected by the putative active sites which contain Cys47, His172 and Asp194/195. Swine IgA is cleaved within Cα1 and Cα3 domains upon incubation with EspPs. Moreover, EspPs can degrade neither IgG nor IgM while G. parasuis possess the ability to degrade IgM unexpectedly. It suggests that G. parasuis can secrete other proteases to cleave IgM which have never been reported. Conclusion We report for the first time that both EspP1 and EspP2 are novel IgA-specific proteases and cleave swine IgA within the Cα1 and Cα3 domains. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the EspPs-induced immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunxue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Siting Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuwang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Xuwang Cai,
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He X, Song X, Cao H, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Yue H, Zhang B. Glaesserella parasuis induces IL-17 production might through PKC-ERK/MAPK and IκB/NF-κB signaling pathways. Vet Microbiol 2022; 273:109521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Characterization of a universal neutralizing monoclonal antibody against Glaesserella parasuis CdtB. Vet Microbiol 2022; 270:109446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang J, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhao C, Zhou S, Du C, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Shi K. Transcriptome profiling identifies immune response genes against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Haemophilus parasuis co-infection in the lungs of piglets. J Vet Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2022.23.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Chunping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Sixuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Chunlin Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Ya Tan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Kaizhi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
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Zhang J, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhao C, Zhou S, Du C, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Shi K. Transcriptome profiling identifies immune response genes against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Haemophilus parasuis co-infection in the lungs of piglets. J Vet Sci 2021; 23:e2. [PMID: 34931503 PMCID: PMC8799943 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Co-infections of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) are severe in Chinese pigs, but the immune response genes against co-infected with 2 pathogens in the lungs have not been reported. Objectives To understand the effect of PRRSV and/or HPS infection on the genes expression associated with lung immune function. Methods The expression of the immune-related genes was analyzed using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected and identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting assays. Results All experimental pigs showed clinical symptoms and lung lesions. RNA-seq analysis showed that 922 DEGs in co-challenged pigs were more than in the HPS group (709 DEGs) and the PRRSV group (676 DEGs). Eleven DEGs validated by qRT-PCR were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Eleven common Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to infection and immune were found in single-infected and co-challenged pigs, including autophagy, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and antigen processing and presentation, involving different DEGs. A model of immune response to infection with PRRSV and HPS was predicted among the DEGs in the co-challenged pigs. Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) and interleukin-21 (IL21) were detected by IHC and western blot and showed significant differences between the co-challenged pigs and the controls. Conclusions These findings elucidated the transcriptome changes in the lungs after PRRSV and/or HPS infections, providing ideas for further study to inhibit ROS production and promote pulmonary fibrosis caused by co-challenging with PRRSV and HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Chunping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Sixuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Chunlin Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Ya Tan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Kaizhi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Major Epidemic Disease Monitoring and Prevention, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China.
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11
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He L, Yan X, Dai K, Wen X, Cao S, Huang X, Wu R, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Yan Q, Ma X, Han X, Wen Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that deletion of CheY influences gene expressions of ABC transports and metabolism in Haemophilus parasuis. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:695-707. [PMID: 34676472 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus (Glaesserella) parasuis is a commensal bacterium that causes Glässer's disease (GD) in swine. As a global transcriptional factor, CheY regulates the expression of hundreds of genes in H. parasuis. In this study, we measured changes in gene expression at the whole transcriptome level using RNAseq. We identified 2058 co-expressed genes, and found 624 differentially expressed genes (q < 0.05) in ΔcheY and SC1401. Several important GO annotations and signaling pathways were identified. RNA-seq results were assembled according to the reference genome, compared with the annotated gene model, and 12 new transcriptional regions were found. Finally, q-PCR results validated the RNA-seq results with 8 randomly selected genes. The present study indicated that CheY is mainly involved in the regulation of ABC transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and β-Lactam resistance. We draw the regulatory network of CheY, which offers greater insight into the regulatory mechanism of CheY in H.parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvqin He
- Technology Department, Experimental Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Technology Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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12
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JIA YC, CHEN X, ZHOU YY, YAN P, GUO Y, YIN RL, YUAN J, WANG LX, WANG XZ, YIN RH. Application of mouse model for evaluation of recombinant LpxC and GmhA as novel antigenic vaccine candidates of Glaesserella parasuis serotype 13. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1500-1508. [PMID: 34393140 PMCID: PMC8569868 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) has been one of the bacteria affecting the large-scale swine industry. Lack of an effective vaccine has limited control of the disease, which has an effect on prevalence. In order to improve the cross-protection of vaccines, development on subunit vaccines has become a hot spot. In this study, we firstly cloned the lpxC and gmhA genes from G. parasuis serotype 13 isolates, and expressed and purified their proteins. The results showed that LpxC and GmhA can stimulate mice to produce IgG antibodies. Through testing the cytokine levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), it is found that recombinant GmhA, the mixed LpxC and GmhA can stimulate the body to produce Th1 and Th2 immune responses, while recombinant LpxC and inactivated bacteria can only produce Th2 immune responses. On the protection rate for mice, recombinant LpxC, GmhA and the mixture of LpxC and GmhA can provide 50%, 50% and 60% protection for lethal dose of G. parasuis infection, respectively. The partial protection achieved by the recombinant LpxC and GmhA supports their potential as novel vaccine candidate antigens against G. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong C. JIA
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin CHEN
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuan Y. ZHOU
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ping YAN
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ying GUO
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rong L. YIN
- Research Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine
Sciences of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jing YUAN
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lin X. WANG
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin Z. WANG
- Liaoning Agricultural Technical College, Yingkou, 115009,
China
| | - Rong H. YIN
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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13
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Jiang C, Ren J, Zhang X, Li C, Hu Y, Cao H, Zeng W, Li Z, He Q. Deletion of the crp gene affects the virulence and the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in PK-15 and iPAM cells derived from G. parasuis serovar 5. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109198. [PMID: 34411995 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis can cause serious systemic disease (Glasser's disease) that is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis. cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is among the well studied global regulator proteins which could modulate the virulence of many pathogenic bacteria. Our previous study showed that the crp gene was involved in the regulation of growth rate, biofilm formation, stress tolerance, serum resistance, and iron utilization in G. parasuis. However, whether the crp gene could regulate the virulence of G. parasuis has not been analyzed previously. In this study, it was observed that the crp gene in G. parasuis serovar 5 (HPS5) was involved in regulating the adhesion and invasion abilities on iPAM cells, and the mRNA expression of various virulence-related factors. It also possessed the ability to induce the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), promoted the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in porcine kidney epithelial (PK-15) and immortalized swine pulmonary alveolar macrophage (iPAM) cells, and contributed to the pathogenicity and organs colonization in mice. As compared with the wild type, both the expression of virulence-related factors in the crp mutant strain and its ability to induce the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the expression of phospho-p65 and phospho-p38 in PK-15 and iPAM cells was reduced significantly. Furthermore, it also found that the virulence of crp mutant was significantly reduced as compared with the wild type. However, the abilities of adherence and invasion on iPAM cell of Δcrp strain was noted to be significantly enhanced as compared with the wild type. These results suggested that the crp gene deletion could effectively attenuate the virulence of G. parasuis, and crp gene may act as an important potential target for the formulation of a novel vaccine against G. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingping Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaofang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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14
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Jia Y, Hao C, Yang Q, Zhang W, Li G, Liu S, Hua X. Inhibition of Haemophilus parasuis by berberine and proteomic studies of its mechanism of action. Res Vet Sci 2021; 138:62-68. [PMID: 34111715 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the main agent of Glässer's disease, which causes substantial losses in pig production. However, the pathogenic mechanism and virulence factors of H. parasuis have not been fully determined. In this study, berberine is shown to have a good therapeutic effect in vivo against H. parasuis; the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in vitro was 2 μg/mL. Berberine inhibited H. parasuis adhesion to and invasion of PK-15 pig kidney cells. Proteomics studies of H. parasuis after berberine treatment identified a total of 97 differentially-expressed proteins; 35 upregulated and 62 downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis showed that berberine may inhibit the growth of H. parasuis by affecting outer membrane proteins, transferrins, and energy metabolism. This study provides a basis for the development of new antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jia
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, China
| | - Changqi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Gang Li
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, China.
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15
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Macedo N, Gottschalk M, Strutzberg-Minder K, Van CN, Zhang L, Zou G, Zhou R, Marostica T, Clavijo MJ, Tucker A, Aragon V. Molecular characterization of Glaesserella parasuis strains isolated from North America, Europe and Asia by serotyping PCR and LS-PCR. Vet Res 2021; 52:68. [PMID: 33980312 PMCID: PMC8117636 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis strains were characterized by serotyping PCR, vtaA virulence marker Leader Sequence (LS)-PCR, clinical significance, and geographic region. Overall, the serovars 4, 5/12, 7, 1, and 13 were the most commonly detected. Serovars of greatest clinical relevance were systemic isolates that had a higher probability of being serovar 5/12, 13, or 7. In comparison, pulmonary isolates had a higher likelihood of being serovars 2, 4, 7, or 14. Serovars 5/12 and 13 have previously been considered disease-associated, but this study agrees with other recent studies showing that serovar 7 is indeed associated with systemic G. parasuis disease. Serovar 4 strains illustrated how isolates can have varying degrees of virulence and be obtained from pulmonary, systemic, or nasal sites. Serovars 8, 9, 15, and 10 were predominantly obtained from nasal samples, which indicates a limited clinical significance of these serovars. Additionally, most internal G. parasuis isolates were classified as virulent by LS-PCR and were disease-associated isolates, including serovars 1, 2, 4, 5/12, 7, 13, and 14. Isolates from the nasal cavity, including serovars 6, 9, 10, 11, and 15, were classified as non-virulent by LS-PCR. In conclusion, the distribution of G. parasuis serovars remains constant, with few serovars representing most of the strains isolated from affected pigs. Moreover, it was confirmed that the LS-PCR can be used for G. parasuis virulence prediction of field strains worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nubia Macedo
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Chao Nguyen Van
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, 53000, Vietnam.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Geng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Thaire Marostica
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Clavijo
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,PIC North America, Hendersonville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OES, UK
| | - Virginia Aragon
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Matiašková K, Kavanová L, Kulich P, Gebauer J, Nedbalcová K, Kudláčková H, Tesařík R, Faldyna M. The Role of Antibodies Against the Crude Capsular Extract in the Immune Response of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages to In Vitro Infection of Various Serovars of Glaesserella ( Haemophilus) parasuis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635097. [PMID: 33968026 PMCID: PMC8101634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Glässer’s disease outbreaks, Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis has to overcome the non-specific immune system in the lower respiratory tract, the alveolar macrophages. Here we showed that porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) were able to recognize and phagocyte G. parasuis with strain-to-strain variability despite the presence of the capsule in virulent (serovar 1, 5, 12) as well in avirulent strains (serovar 6 and 9). The capsule, outer membrane proteins, virulence-associated autotransporters, cytolethal distending toxins and many other proteins have been identified as virulence factors of this bacterium. Therefore, we immunized pigs with the crude capsular extract (cCE) from the virulent G. parasuis CAPM 6475 strain (serovar 5) and evaluated the role of the anti-cCE/post-vaccinal IgG in the immune response of PAMs to in vitro infection with various G. parasuis strains. We demonstrated the specific binding of the antibodies to the cCE by Western-blotting assay and immunoprecipitation as well as the specific binding to the strain CAPM 6475 in transmission electron microscopy. In the cCE, we identified several virulence-associated proteins that were immunoreactive with IgG isolated from sera of immunized pigs. Opsonization of G. parasuis strains by post-vaccinal IgG led to enhanced phagocytosis of G. parasuis by PAMs at the first two hours of infection. Moreover, opsonization increased the oxidative burst and expression/production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The neutralizing effects of these antibodies on the antioxidant mechanisms of G. parasuis may lead to attenuation of its virulence and pathogenicity in vivo. Together with opsonization of bacteria by these antibodies, the host may eliminate G. parasuis in the infection site more efficiently. Based on these results, the crude capsular extract is a vaccine candidate with immunogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Matiašková
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Kavanová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Kulich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Gebauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Nedbalcová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Kudláčková
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radek Tesařík
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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17
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Helke KL, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Burrough ER, Derscheid RJ, Löhr C, McInnes EF, Scudamore CL, Brayton CF. Research Relevant Background Lesions and Conditions: Ferrets, Dogs, Swine, Sheep, and Goats. ILAR J 2021; 62:133-168. [PMID: 33712827 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models provide a valuable tool and resource for biomedical researchers as they investigate biological processes, disease pathogenesis, novel therapies, and toxicologic studies. Interpretation of animal model data requires knowledge not only of the processes/diseases being studied but also awareness of spontaneous conditions and background lesions in the model that can influence or even confound the study results. Species, breed/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplastic processes are model features that can impact the results as well as study interpretation. Here, we review these features in several common laboratory animal species, including ferret, dog (beagle), pig, sheep, and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Eric R Burrough
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Rachel J Derscheid
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Christiane Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth F McInnes
- Toxicologic Pathology, Toxicology Section, Human Safety at Syngenta, in Jealott's Hill, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl L Scudamore
- ExePathology, Pathologist at ExePathology, Exmouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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The effects of baicalin on piglets challenged with Glaesserella parasuis. Vet Res 2020; 51:102. [PMID: 32795339 PMCID: PMC7427943 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) causes porcine vascular inflammation and damage. Baicalin is reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. However, whether baicalin protects piglets against G. parasuis challenge and the potential protective mechanism have not been investigated. Therefore, in this study, we comprehensively examined the protective efficacy of baicalin in piglets challenged with G. parasuis and the possible protective mechanism. Our results show that baicalin attenuated the release of the inflammation-related cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, IL8, IL10, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and reduced high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) production and cell apoptosis in piglets infected with G. parasuis. Baicalin also inhibited the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway and protected piglets against G. parasuis challenge. Taken together, our data suggest that baicalin could protect piglets from G. parasuis by reducing HMGB1 release, attenuating cell apoptosis, and inhibiting MAPK signalling activation, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response induced by the bacteria. Our results suggest that baicalin has utility as a novel therapeutic drug to control G. parasuis infection.
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19
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Ni HB, Gong QL, Zhao Q, Li XY, Zhang XX. Prevalence of Haemophilus parasuis"Glaesserella parasuis" in pigs in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2020; 182:105083. [PMID: 32652336 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis, a gram-negative bacterium as an early commensal colonizer in the upper respiratory tract of weaning pigs (Sus scrofa), is one of the most important bacterial pathogens affecting pig populations. It is the causative agent of Glässer's disease, causing systemic infection and polyserositis, meningitis, and arthritis. H. parasuis infection can result in high mortality and morbidity with, the significant economic losses for pig producers. To estimate the overall disease prevalence of H. parasuis in pigs from China, we performed a meta-analysis using five bibliographical databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP Chinese Journal Databases. A total of 41 articles published between 2005 and 2019, fulfilled the final inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of H. parasuis in pigs in China was 27.8 % with the highest prevalence between 2011 and 2015 (41.0 %). In terms of pig age, the point estimate of H. parasuis prevalence was higher in suckling piglets (29.2 %) compared with that for other pig ages. The prevalence in the serum subgroup (29.8 %) was higher than that in the nasal swab subgroup (12.5 %). The results of the present meta-analysis showed that H. parasuis infection was common in pig populations in China; therefore, effective control measures are necessary to reduce this threat to pig populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, PR China
| | - Qing-Long Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, PR China
| | - Quan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, Jilin Province, 130600, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yue Li
- College of Animal Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, PR China.
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20
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Han Q, Wang J, Li R, Han Q, Yuan W, Wang J. Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of Haemophilus parasuis in tissue samples. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:894-900. [PMID: 32452632 PMCID: PMC7738723 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer's disease in swine, which associates with severe economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. A real‐time recombinase polymerase amplification assay (real‐time RPA) was developed for direct and rapid detection of H. parasuis basing on the translation‐initiation factor IF2 (infB) gene. The assay was performed successfully at 39°C for 20 min in Genie III, which is portable and chargeable by battery. The developed assay was highly specific for H. parasuis, and the limit of detection of the assay was 6.0 × 103 fg of H. parasuis genomic DNA, which was the same as that of a real‐time PCR developed previously. The assay was further evaluated on 68 pig tissue samples, and 18 (26.5%), 20 (29.4%), and 8 (11.8%) samples were positive for H. parasuis by the real‐time RPA, real‐time PCR and bacterial isolation, respectively. With the bacteria isolation as the reference method, the real‐time RPA showed a diagnostic specificity of 83.33% and a diagnostic sensitivity of 100%. The above data demonstrated the well‐potentiality and usefulness of the developed real‐time RPA assay in reliable diagnosis of swine Glässer's disease, especially in resource limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyi Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiwen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qingan Han
- Hebei Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianchang Wang
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Shijiazhuang, China
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21
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Current Swine Respiratory Diseases Morphology in Intensive Swine Production in Serbia. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Swine respiratory diseases represent one of the most frequent health issues in pig production worldwide. Despite the great progress that has been made in the field of diagnostics, control and prophylaxis, respiratory diseases still remain the most challenging health problem in modern commercial pig production. The list of infectious agents that cause respiratory diseases in swine is extensive and includes both, bacterial and viral pathogens. In Serbia, more than fifteen years after the introduction of modern vaccines, the list of bacterial pathogens related to swine respiratory infections still include Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis and Pasteurella multocida. On the other hand, most commonly involved viral pathogens are Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Swine influenza virus, Porcine circovirus type 2 and Pseudorabies virus. The morphological features of pneumonia where several agents are involved, depend on the predominant etiological agent. Expanding knowledge of the main pathogens associated with swine respiratory diseases and the effects of their interactions on the disease outcome is important for further investigations of lung diseases and implementation of control strategies in commercial pig populations in Serbia. This review discusses the latest findings on swine respiratory disease and current trends in Serbian pig production.
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22
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Zhou YF, Bu MX, Liu P, Sun J, Liu YH, Liao XP. Epidemiological and PK/PD cutoff values determination and PK/PD-based dose assessment of gamithromycin against Haemophilus parasuis in piglets. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:81. [PMID: 32138735 PMCID: PMC7059257 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gamithromycin is a macrolide approved for the treatment of bovine and swine respiratory diseases. Our study aims to establish the clinical breakpoint and optimum dose regimen for gamithromycin against Haemophilus parasuis in piglets. Results Gamithromycin was well absorbed and fully bioavailable (87.2–101%) after intramuscular and subcutaneous administrations. The MICs of gamithromycin for 192 clinical H. parasuis isolates ranged from 0.008 to 128 mg/L and the epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) was calculated as 1.0 mg/L. A large potentiation effect of serum on in vitro susceptibility of gamithromycin was observed for H. parasuis, with broth/serum ratios of 8.93 for MICs and 4.46 for MBCs, respectively. The postantibiotic effects were 1.5 h (1 × MIC) and 2.4 h (4 × MIC), and the postantibiotic sub-MIC effects ranged from 2.7 to 4.3 h. Gamithromycin had rapid and concentration-dependent killing against H. parasuis, and the AUC24h/MIC ratio correlated well with ex vivo efficacy (R2 = 0.97). The AUC24h/MIC targets in serum associated with bacteriostatic, bactericidal and eradication activities were 15.8, 30.3 and 41.2, respectively. The PK/PD-based population dose prediction indicated a probability of target attainment (PTA) for the current marketed dose (6 mg/kg) of 88.9% against H. parasuis. The calculated gamithromycin dose for a PTA ≥ 90% was 6.55 mg/kg. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, the PK/PD cutoff (COPD) was determined to be 0.25 mg/L. Conclusion The determined cutoffs and PK/PD-based dose prediction will be of great importance in gamithromycin resistance surveillance and serve as an important step in the establishment of optimum dose regimen and clinical breakpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Zhou
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xiao Bu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. .,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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23
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Dickerman A, Bandara AB, Inzana TJ. Phylogenomic analysis of Haemophilus parasuis and proposed reclassification to Glaesserella parasuis, gen. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:180-186. [PMID: 31592757 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Haemophilus parasuis is the etiologic agent of Glässer's disease in pigs, and causes significant economic losses to the swine industry. This bacterium has been classified as a member of the family Pasteurellaceae in the genus Haemophilus, but phylogenetic relatedness has not been adequately examined to support this genus classification. Phenotypically, all 38 strains of H. parasuis tested were positive for catalase activity, oxidase activity, V-factor requirement, and acid formation from maltose and d-galactose without gas. All strains were negative for X-factor requirement, formation of indole from tryptophan, urease, l-arabinose, and α-glucosidase activity. To determine whether H. parasuis belongs to one of the current Pasteurellaceae genera 40 H. parasuis genomes, plus those of representative Pasteurellaceae, were subjected to phylogenetic analysis of concatenated, multi-protein alignments. Sequence variation at 16S rRNA and rpoB loci allowed the 15 reference serovars of H. parasuis to be integrated into the whole-genome tree. The phylogenetic analysis showed H. parasuis to be a distinct and tight clade whose sister taxon is the genus Bibersteinia. Within H. parasuis two clades were identified with individual serovars distributed between the two. As a result, H. parasuis was confirmed as a member of the family Pasteurellaceae, but was distinct from other genera in this family. Therefore, we propose the name Glaesserella parasuis, gen. nov., comb. nov. for bacterial strains currently classified as H. parasuis. The reference strain of this species is ATCC 19417 (1374)T, NCTC 4557T, DSM 21448T, CCUG 3712T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Dickerman
- Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Aloka B Bandara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Thomas J Inzana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA
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24
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Mahmmod YS, Correa-Fiz F, Aragon V. Variations in association of nasal microbiota with virulent and non-virulent strains of Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis in weaning piglets. Vet Res 2020; 51:7. [PMID: 32014043 PMCID: PMC6996185 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-0738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella (formerly Haemophilus) parasuis causes Glässer’s disease, which results in high economic loss in the swine industry. To understand the polymicrobial interactions of G. parasuis and the nasal microbiota, the statistical association patterns of nasal colonizing bacteria with virulent and non-virulent strains of G. parasuis were studied accounting for the farm management practices as potential risk factors for the occurrence of Glässer’s disease. The nasal microbiota from 51 weaned-piglets from four farms with Glässer’s disease and three farms with no respiratory diseases was previously characterized and included in this study. The presence of virulent and/or non-virulent G. parasuis strains in the nasal cavities was determined in order to establish the potential association with other members of the nasal microbiota. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were performed among the various members of nasal microbiota and G. parasuis. The multi-site production system and disease presence in the farm were both significantly associated with the presence of G. parasuis virulent strains in the nose of the piglets. Differential bacterial associations were observed with virulent or non-virulent G. parasuis. Chitinophagaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Corynebacterium were positively associated with the virulent G. parasuis strains, while Enterobacteriaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridium XI, and Escherichia/Shigella were negatively associated with virulent G. parasuis. On the other hand, Flavobacteriaceae, Planobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium were positively associated with the non-virulent G. parasuis strains, while Rikenellaceae, Enterococcaceae, Odoribacter, and Corynebacterium were negatively associated with non-virulent G. parasuis. In conclusion, the nasal microbiota communities showed variations in the association with the G. parasuis strains type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser S Mahmmod
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain. .,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. .,Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Florencia Correa-Fiz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Aragon
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Zhou Y, Feng S, He X, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Yue H, Tang C, Zhang B. Surface-exposed loops L7 and L8 of Haemophilus (Glaesserella) parasuis OmpP2 contribute to the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in porcine alveolar macrophages. Vet Res 2019; 50:105. [PMID: 31783919 PMCID: PMC6884870 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane protein P2 (OmpP2) of the virulent Haemophilus (Glaesserella) parasuis has been shown to induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The OmpP2 protein is composed of eight or nine surface-exposed loops, but it is unclear which of them participates in the OmpP2-induced inflammatory response. In this study, we synthesized linear peptides corresponding to surface-exposed loops L1–L8 of OmpP2 from the virulent H. parasuis SC096 strain to stimulate porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in vitro. We found that both L7 and L8 significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and IL-23 and the chemokines CCL-4 and CCL-5 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Additionally, we constructed ompP2ΔLoop7 and ompP2ΔLoop8 mutant SC096 strains and extracted their native OmpP2 proteins to stimulate PAMs. These mutant proteins induced significantly less mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines than SC096 OmpP2. Next, the amino acid sequences of L7 and L8 from 15 serovars of H. parasuis OmpP2 were aligned. These sequences were relatively conserved among the most virulent reference strains, suggesting that L7 and L8 are the most active peptides of the OmpP2 protein. Furthermore, L7 and L8 significantly upregulated the NF-κB and AP-1 activity levels based on luciferase reporter assays in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, our results demonstrated that both surface-exposed loops L7 and L8 of H. parasuis OmpP2 induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines possibly by activating the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways in cells infected by H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Saixiang Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinyi He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanwei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Lin WH, Shih HC, Lin CF, Yang CY, Lin CN, Chiou MT. Genotypic analyses and virulence characterization of Glaesserella parasuis isolates from Taiwan. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6960. [PMID: 31149406 PMCID: PMC6526895 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis (G. parasuis) causes severe economic losses in the swine industry. Multiple G. parasuis strains can exist in single animals. Typing techniques are required for identifying G. parasuis isolates. Different strains within a serovar display varying virulence. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) can assess the heterogeneity. The group 1 virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters (vtaA) gene is an indicator of virulence. The aim of this study was to characterize Taiwanese G. parasuis isolates via molecular serotyping, vtaA PCR and ERIC-PCR. Methods One hundred and forty-five strains were collected between November 2013 and March 2017 in Taiwan and further examined by molecular serotyping, vtaA PCR and ERIC-PCR. Results The dendrogram revealed heterogeneous genetic diversity within many clusters. Partial correlation between the ERIC-PCR clusters of different strains, serovars and lesion patterns was observed. Twelve herds (8.3%) infected with more than one strain. Group 1 vtaA positive rate reached 98.6%. Discussion This study showed the high genetic diversity of G. parasuis in Taiwan by a high discriminatory capability of ERIC-PCR. Group 1 vtaA commonly exists in G. parasuis isolates and may play important roles in the pathogenesis of Taiwanese G. parasuis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Shih
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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27
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Lin WH, Shih HC, Lin CF, Yang CY, Chang YF, Lin CN, Chiou MT. Molecular serotyping of Haemophilus parasuis isolated from diseased pigs and the relationship between serovars and pathological patterns in Taiwan. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6017. [PMID: 30519512 PMCID: PMC6275120 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer’s disease, and causes severe economic losses in the swine industry. Serovar classification is intended as an indicator of virulence and pathotype and is also crucial for vaccination programs and vaccine development. According to a polysaccharide biosynthesis locus analysis, H. parasuis isolates could be classified by a molecular serotyping assay except serovars 5 and 12 detected by the same primer pair. The aim of this study was to identify H. parasuis isolates from diseased pigs in Taiwan by using a molecular serotyping assay and to analyze the relationship between serovars and pathological patterns. Methods From August 2013 to February 2017, a total of 133 isolates from 277 lesions on 155 diseased animals from 124 infected herds serotyped by multiplex PCR and analyzed with pathological data. Results The dominant serovars of H. parasuis in Taiwan were serovars 5/12 (37.6%), 4 (27.8%) and 13 (15%) followed by molecular serotyping non-typable (MSNT) isolates (13.5%). Nevertheless, the serovar-specific amplicons were not precisely the same sizes as previously indicated in the original publication, and MSNT isolates appeared with unexpected amplicons or lacked serovar-specific amplicons. Most H. parasuis isolates were isolated from nursery pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. The percentage of lung lesions (30.4%) showing H. parasuis infection was significantly higher than that of serosal lesions. Discussion Collectively, the distribution of serovars in Taiwan is similar to that found in other countries, but MSNT isolates remain due to genetic variations. Furthermore, pulmonary lesions may be optimum sites for H. parasuis isolation, the diagnosis of Glässer’s disease, and may also serve as points of origin for systemic H. parasuis infections in hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Shih
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Comparative genomic and methylome analysis of non-virulent D74 and virulent Nagasaki Haemophilus parasuis isolates. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205700. [PMID: 30383795 PMCID: PMC6211672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a respiratory pathogen of swine and the etiological agent of Glässer's disease. H. parasuis isolates can exhibit different virulence capabilities ranging from lethal systemic disease to subclinical carriage. To identify genomic differences between phenotypically distinct strains, we obtained the closed whole-genome sequence annotation and genome-wide methylation patterns for the highly virulent Nagasaki strain and for the non-virulent D74 strain. Evaluation of the virulence-associated genes contained within the genomes of D74 and Nagasaki led to the discovery of a large number of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems within both genomes. Five predicted hemolysins were identified as unique to Nagasaki and seven putative contact-dependent growth inhibition toxin proteins were identified only in strain D74. Assessment of all potential vtaA genes revealed thirteen present in the Nagasaki genome and three in the D74 genome. Subsequent evaluation of the predicted protein structure revealed that none of the D74 VtaA proteins contain a collagen triple helix repeat domain. Additionally, the predicted protein sequence for two D74 VtaA proteins is substantially longer than any predicted Nagasaki VtaA proteins. Fifteen methylation sequence motifs were identified in D74 and fourteen methylation sequence motifs were identified in Nagasaki using SMRT sequencing analysis. Only one of the methylation sequence motifs was observed in both strains indicative of the diversity between D74 and Nagasaki. Subsequent analysis also revealed diversity in the restriction-modification systems harbored by D74 and Nagasaki. The collective information reported in this study will aid in the development of vaccines and intervention strategies to decrease the prevalence and disease burden caused by H. parasuis.
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Development of Serotype-Specific PCR Assays for Typing of Haemophilus parasuis Isolates Circulating in Southern China. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:3249-3257. [PMID: 28878007 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00688-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Haemophilus parasuis is the specific pathogenic cause of Glässer's disease in swine. Fifteen serotypes of H. parasuis have been reported. A method to serotype H. parasuis isolates accurately would help to prevent and control Glässer's disease outbreaks through appropriate vaccination and to understand the epidemiology in specific geographic areas. However, according to traditional serotyping, the rate of nontypeable (NT) strains is 10 to 40%, which gives low accuracy. In the present study, we developed a set of PCR assays that are able to identify all the currently known H. parasuis serotypes, with a detection limit of 5 CFU. This PCR method is particularly useful to distinguish serotype 5 from serotype 12. We then surveyed the serotype prevalence of H. parasuis isolates from southern China using both the traditional indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and current PCR methods. Of the 298 isolates tested, 228 (76.51%) and 281 (94.30%) were serotyped by the IHA and PCR tests, respectively, with a concordance rate of 80.87% (241/298). The most prevalent serotypes obtained by PCR were 4, 5, 12, 13, NT, and 2, and the most prevalent obtained by IHA were NT, 5, 4, 12, 13, and 2. In conclusion, the PCR assays developed in this study provide a rapid and specific method for the molecular serotyping of H. parasuis.
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Li L, Tian Y, Yu J, Song X, Jia R, Cui Q, Tong W, Zou Y, Li L, Yin L, Liang X, He C, Yue G, Ye G, Zhao L, Shi F, Lv C, Cao S, Yin Z. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals multiple effects of Emodin to Haemophilus parasuis. J Proteomics 2017; 166:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zeng Z, Zhang B, He H, Chen X, Ren Y, Yue H, Tang C. lgtF effects of Haemophilus parasuis LOS induced inflammation through regulation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:380-384. [PMID: 28716662 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lgtF gene encodes a glucosyltransferase responsible for adding a glucose to the first sugar of heptose I in the synthesis of lipooligosaccharides (LOS). To study the function of lgtF, we constructed an lgtF mutant (ΔlgtF) from Haemophilus parasuis SC096 using a natural transformation system. A highly purified preparation of LOS from ΔlgtF (ΔlgtF-LOS) exhibited an obvious truncation in structure compared to the LOS of the wild-type SC096 strain (WT-LOS). The ΔlgtF-LOS also displayed a significantly reduced ability to induce inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in comparison with the WT-LOS. Furthermore, we also found that ΔlgtF-LOS-treated cells had significantly decreased phospho-p65 and phospho-p38, and inhibited IκBα degradation. These findings suggested that the lgtF gene mediated LOS induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PAMs by regulating the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways during H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Huan He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinnuo Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yupeng Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Li G, Niu H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xie F, Langford PR, Liu S, Wang C. Haemophilus parasuis cytolethal distending toxin induces cell cycle arrest and p53-dependent apoptosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177199. [PMID: 28545143 PMCID: PMC5436662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glasser’s disease in pigs. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is an important virulence factor of H. parasuis. It is composed of three subunits: CdtA, CdtB and CdtC and all were successfully expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli when the signal peptides were removed. Purified CdtB had DNase activity, i.e. caused DNA double strand damage, in vitro and in vivo prior to cell arrest and apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis showed CdtB alone could induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PK-15 porcine kidney and pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) cells, which could be enhanced by CdtA or/and CdtC. CDT holotoxin could lead to significant cell distension, G2 arrest and apoptotic death in PK-15 and PAM cells. The apoptosis induced by CDT holotoxin was significantly inhibited by pifithrin-α, which indicates that it is p53-dependent. The results suggest that H. parasuis CDT holotoxin is a major virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
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Ben Lagha A, Haas B, Gottschalk M, Grenier D. Antimicrobial potential of bacteriocins in poultry and swine production. Vet Res 2017; 48:22. [PMID: 28399941 PMCID: PMC5387282 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The routine use of antibiotics in agriculture has contributed to an increase in drug-resistant bacterial pathogens in animals that can potentially be transmitted to humans. In 2000, the World Health Organization identified resistance to antibiotics as one of the most significant global threats to public health and recommended that the use of antibiotics as additives in animal feed be phased out or terminated, particularly those used to treat human infections. Research is currently being carried out to identify alternative antimicrobial compounds for use in animal production. A number of studies, mostly in vitro, have provided evidence indicating that bacteriocins, which are antimicrobial peptides of bacterial origin, may be promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics in poultry and swine production. This review provides an update on bacteriocins and their potential for use in the poultry and swine industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Haas
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies (FQRNT), Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. .,Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies (FQRNT), Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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Omp16-based vaccine encapsulated by alginate-chitosan microspheres provides significant protection against Haemophilus parasuis in mice. Vaccine 2017; 35:1417-1423. [PMID: 28187951 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is the etiological agent of swine Glässer's disease, which leads to significant economic loss in swine industry over the world. Subunit vaccine based on outer membrane protein is one of the promising choices to protect pigs against H. parasuis infection despite low immunity efficiency. In this paper, outer membrane protein 16 (Omp16) of H. parasuis encapsulated by alginate-chitosan microspheres as antigen carriers was explored for the first time in a mouse model. Our results showed that the microspheres with Omp16 induced significant higher H. parasuis-specific antibodies, and higher titers of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ than those by Omp16-FIA in treated mice (p<0.05). Moreover, H. parasuis load in the tissues from liver, spleen, and lung of mice immunized with microspheres containing Omp16 was significantly decreased (p<0.05) than that in the same counterpart tissues of control groups. In addition, 80% mice treated with Omp16 and 70% mice with Omp16-FIA were survived after challenged with H. parasuis virulent strain LY02 (serovar 5). Therefore, Omp16-based microsphere vaccine induces both humoral and cellular immune responses and provides promising protection against H. parasuis infection in mice.
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Haemophilus parasuis modulates cellular invasion via TGF-β1 signaling. Vet Microbiol 2016; 196:18-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ding L, Wen X, He L, Yan X, Wen Y, Cao S, Huang X, Wu R, Wen Y. The arcA gene contributes to the serum resistance and virulence of Haemophilus parasuis serovar 13 clinical strain EP3. Vet Microbiol 2016; 196:67-71. [PMID: 27939158 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As a global transcriptional factor, ArcA regulates the expression of hundreds of genes involved in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Here we deleted arcA gene and investigated the biological characteristics of arcA deletion mutant (ΔarcA) in Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) serovar 13 clinical strain EP3. Results indicated that deletion of arcA impaired growth of EP3 strain under anaerobic condition, and reduced virulence of EP3 strain in mice. Additionally, the ΔarcA strain showed greater sensitivity in porcine serum and produced less biofilm mass than the EP3 strain. Taken together, these findings suggested that the arcA gene may be involved in pathogenesis in Haemophilus parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiang Ding
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lvqin He
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yongping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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HtrA Is Important for Stress Resistance and Virulence in Haemophilus parasuis. Infect Immun 2016; 84:2209-2219. [PMID: 27217419 PMCID: PMC4962635 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00147-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is an opportunistic pathogen that causes Glässer's disease in swine, with polyserositis, meningitis, and arthritis. The high-temperature requirement A (HtrA)-like protease, which is involved in protein quality control, has been reported to be a virulence factor in many pathogens. In this study, we showed that HtrA of H. parasuis (HpHtrA) exhibited both chaperone and protease activities. Finally, nickel import ATP-binding protein (NikE), periplasmic dipeptide transport protein (DppA), and outer membrane protein A (OmpA) were identified as proteolytic substrates for HpHtrA. The protease activity reached its maximum at 40°C in a time-dependent manner. Disruption of the htrA gene from strain SC1401 affected tolerance to temperature stress and resistance to complement-mediated killing. Furthermore, increased autoagglutination and biofilm formation were detected in the htrA mutant. In addition, the htrA mutant was significantly attenuated in virulence in the murine model of infection. Together, these data demonstrate that HpHtrA plays an important role in the virulence of H. parasuis.
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Protective Efficacy of an Inactive Vaccine Based on the LY02 Isolate against Acute Haemophilus parasuis Infection in Piglets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:649878. [PMID: 26688815 PMCID: PMC4672103 DOI: 10.1155/2015/649878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis can cause Glässer's disease characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis. The current prevention of Glässer's disease is mainly based on the inactive vaccines; however, the protective efficacy usually fails in heterogeneous or homologous challenges. Here, the predominant lineage of H. parasuis (LY02 strain) in Fujian province, China, characterized as serovar 5, was used to evaluate the protective immunity against acute H. parasuis infection in piglets after inactivation. Following challenging with H. parasuis, only mild lesions in the pigs immunized with the killed vaccine were observed, whereas the typical symptoms of Glässer's disease presented in the nonimmunized piglets. A strong IgG immune response was induced by the inactive vaccine. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte levels were increased, indicating the potent cellular immune responses were elicited. The significantly high levels of IL-2, IL-4, TGF-β, and IFN-γ in sera from pigs immunized with this killed vaccine suggested that the mixed Th1 and Th2 immune responses were induced, associated with the high protection against H. parasuis infection compared to the nonimmunized animals. This study indicated that the inactivated LY02 strain of H. parasuis could serve as a potential vaccine candidate to prevent the prevalence of H. parasuis in Fujian province, China.
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Bello-Ortí B, Howell KJ, Tucker AW, Maskell DJ, Aragon V. Metatranscriptomics reveals metabolic adaptation and induction of virulence factors by Haemophilus parasuis during lung infection. Vet Res 2015; 46:102. [PMID: 26395877 PMCID: PMC4580352 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a common inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract of pigs, and the causative agent of Glässer’s disease. This disease is characterized by polyserositis and arthritis, produced by the severe inflammation caused by the systemic spread of the bacterium. After an initial colonization of the upper respiratory tract, H. parasuis enters the lung during the early stages of pig infection. In order to study gene expression at this location, we sequenced the ex vivo and in vivo H. parasuis Nagasaki transcriptome in the lung using a metatranscriptomic approach. Comparison of gene expression under these conditions with that found in conventional plate culture showed generally reduced expression of genes associated with anabolic and catabolic pathways, coupled with up-regulation of membrane-related genes involved in carbon acquisition, iron binding and pathogenesis. Some of the up-regulated membrane genes, including ABC transporters, virulence-associated autotransporters (vtaAs) and several hypothetical proteins, were only present in virulent H. parasuis strains, highlighting their significance as markers of disease potential. Finally, the analysis also revealed the presence of numerous antisense transcripts with possible roles in gene regulation. In summary, this data sheds some light on the scarcely studied in vivo transcriptome of H. parasuis, revealing nutritional virulence as an adaptive strategy for host survival, besides induction of classical virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Bello-Ortí
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Kate J Howell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Moleres J, Santos-López A, Lázaro I, Labairu J, Prat C, Ardanuy C, González-Zorn B, Aragon V, Garmendia J. Novel blaROB-1-bearing plasmid conferring resistance to β-lactams in Haemophilus parasuis isolates from healthy weaning pigs. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3255-67. [PMID: 25747001 PMCID: PMC4393459 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03865-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis, the causative agent of Glässer's disease, is one of the early colonizers of the nasal mucosa of piglets. It is prevalent in swine herds, and lesions associated with disease are fibrinous polyserositis and bronchopneumonia. Antibiotics are commonly used in disease control, and resistance to several antibiotics has been described in H. parasuis. Prediction of H. parasuis virulence is currently limited by our scarce understanding of its pathogenicity. Some genes have been associated with H. parasuis virulence, such as lsgB and group 1 vtaA, while biofilm growth has been associated with nonvirulent strains. In this study, 86 H. parasuis nasal isolates from farms that had not had a case of disease for more than 10 years were obtained by sampling piglets at weaning. Isolates were studied by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and determination of the presence of lsgB and group 1 vtaA, biofilm formation, inflammatory cell response, and resistance to antibiotics. As part of the diversity encountered, a novel 2,661-bp plasmid, named pJMA-1, bearing the blaROB-1 β-lactamase was detected in eight colonizing strains. pJMA-1 was shown to share a backbone with other small plasmids described in the Pasteurellaceae, to be 100% stable, and to have a lower biological cost than the previously described plasmid pB1000. pJMA-1 was also found in nine H. parasuis nasal strains from a separate collection, but it was not detected in isolates from the lesions of animals with Glässer's disease or in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates. Altogether, we show that commensal H. parasuis isolates represent a reservoir of β-lactam resistance genes which can be transferred to pathogens or other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moleres
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Universidad Pública Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Alfonso Santos-López
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y VISAVET, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro Lázaro
- Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias-INTIA, Navarra, Spain
| | - Javier Labairu
- Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias-INTIA, Navarra, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno González-Zorn
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y VISAVET, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Universidad Pública Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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Howell KJ, Weinert LA, Chaudhuri RR, Luan SL, Peters SE, Corander J, Harris D, Angen Ø, Aragon V, Bensaid A, Williamson SM, Parkhill J, Langford PR, Rycroft AN, Wren BW, Holden MTG, Tucker AW, Maskell DJ. The use of genome wide association methods to investigate pathogenicity, population structure and serovar in Haemophilus parasuis. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1179. [PMID: 25539682 PMCID: PMC4532294 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis is the etiologic agent of Glässer’s disease in pigs and causes devastating losses to the farming industry. Whilst some hyper-virulent isolates have been described, the relationship between genetics and disease outcome has been only partially established. In particular, there is weak correlation between serovar and disease phenotype. We sequenced the genomes of 212 isolates of H. parasuis and have used this to describe the pan-genome and to correlate this with clinical and carrier status, as well as with serotype. Results Recombination and population structure analyses identified five groups with very high rates of recombination, separated into two clades of H. parasuis with no signs of recombination between them. We used genome-wide association methods including discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and generalised linear modelling (glm) to look for genetic determinants of this population partition, serovar and pathogenicity. We were able to identify genes from the accessory genome that were significantly associated with phenotypes such as potential serovar specific genes including capsule genes, and 48 putative virulence factors that were significantly different between the clinical and non-clinical isolates. We also show that the presence of many previously suggested virulence factors is not an appropriate marker of virulence. Conclusions These genes will inform the generation of new molecular diagnostics and vaccines, and refinement of existing typing schemes and show the importance of the accessory genome of a diverse species when investigating the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1179) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J Howell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Lucy A Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Roy R Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Shi-Lu Luan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Sarah E Peters
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Jukka Corander
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00100, Finland.
| | - David Harris
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Øystein Angen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, N-0106, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, and, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Bensaid
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, and, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susanna M Williamson
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, IP33 2RX, UK.
| | - Julian Parkhill
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Paul R Langford
- Department of Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Matthew T G Holden
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
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Bello-Ortí B, Deslandes V, Tremblay YDN, Labrie J, Howell KJ, Tucker AW, Maskell DJ, Aragon V, Jacques M. Biofilm formation by virulent and non-virulent strains of Haemophilus parasuis. Vet Res 2014; 45:104. [PMID: 25428823 PMCID: PMC4245831 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a commensal bacterium of the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs. It is also the etiological agent of Glässer’s disease, a systemic disease characterized by polyarthritis, fibrinous polyserositis and meningitis, which causes high morbidity and mortality in piglets. The aim of this study was to evaluate biofilm formation by well-characterized virulent and non-virulent strains of H. parasuis. We observed that non-virulent strains isolated from the nasal cavities of healthy pigs formed significantly (p < 0.05) more biofilms than virulent strains isolated from lesions of pigs with Glässer’s disease. These differences were observed when biofilms were formed in microtiter plates under static conditions or formed in the presence of shear force in a drip-flow apparatus or a microfluidic system. Confocal laser scanning microscopy using different fluorescent probes on a representative subset of strains indicated that the biofilm matrix contains poly-N-acetylglucosamine, proteins and eDNA. The biofilm matrix was highly sensitive to degradation by proteinase K. Comparison of transcriptional profiles of biofilm and planktonic cells of the non-virulent H. parasuis F9 strain revealed a significant number of up-regulated membrane-related genes in biofilms, and genes previously identified in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilms. Our data indicate that non-virulent strains of H. parasuis have the ability to form robust biofilms in contrast to virulent, systemic strains. Biofilm formation might therefore allow the non-virulent strains to colonize and persist in the upper respiratory tract of pigs. Conversely, the planktonic state of the virulent strains might allow them to disseminate within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Jacques
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada.
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Zhang B, Yu Y, Zeng Z, Ren Y, Yue H. Deletion of the rfaE gene in Haemophilus parasuis SC096 strain attenuates serum resistance, adhesion and invasion. Microb Pathog 2014; 74:33-7. [PMID: 25078003 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In Haemophilus parasuis, the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) has been identified as an important virulence factor. The rfa gene cluster encodes enzymes for LOS core biosynthesis. In order to investigate the role of the rfaE gene, we generated an rfaE deficient mutant (ΔrfaE) of a H. parasuis SC096 by a natural transformation method. The purified preparation of LOS from the ΔrfaE mutant strain showed truncated LOS structure on silver-stained SDS-PAGE. Compared to the wild-type SC096 strain, the generation time of ΔrfaE mutant strain was significantly extended from 59 min to 69 min. The ΔrfaE mutant strain caused an approximately 30-fold reductions in survival rate in 50% sera and 36-fold reductions in survival rate in 90% sera, respectively (p < 0.001). In adhesion and invasion assays, the ΔrfaE mutant strain had 10-fold less efficient adherence and 12-fold reductions in invasion of the porcine umbilicus vein endothelial cells (PUVEC) and porcine kidney epithelial cells (PK-15), respectively (p < 0.001). However, the complemented strain could restore the above phenotypes. Hence, the above results suggested that the rfaE gene participated in the pathogenicity of H. parasuis SC096 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuandi Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ze Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yupeng Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
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