1
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Weiss CM, Liu H, Ball EE, Hoover AR, Wong TS, Wong CF, Lam S, Hode T, Keel MK, Levenson RM, Chen WR, Coffey LL. N-dihydrogalactochitosan reduces mortality in a lethal mouse model of SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289139. [PMID: 37552656 PMCID: PMC10409267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence and global dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 continues to cause an unprecedented global health burden resulting in nearly 7 million deaths. While multiple vaccine countermeasures have been approved for emergency use, additional treatments are still needed due to sluggish vaccine rollout, vaccine hesitancy, and inefficient vaccine-mediated protection. Immunoadjuvant compounds delivered intranasally can guide non-specific innate immune responses during the critical early stages of viral replication, reducing morbidity and mortality. N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC) is a novel mucoadhesive immunostimulatory polymer of β-0-4-linked N-acetylglucosamine that is solubilized by the conjugation of galactose glycans with current applications as a cancer immunotherapeutic. We tested GC as a potential countermeasure for COVID-19. GC was well-tolerated and did not produce histopathologic lesions in the mouse lung. GC administered intranasally before and after SARS-CoV-2 exposure diminished morbidity and mortality in humanized ACE2 receptor expressing mice by up to 75% and reduced infectious virus levels in the upper airway. Fluorescent labeling of GC shows that it is confined to the lumen or superficial mucosa of the nasal cavity, without involvement of adjacent or deeper tissues. Our findings demonstrate a new application for soluble immunoadjuvants such as GC for preventing disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 and may be particularly attractive to persons who are needle-averse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Erin E. Ball
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ashley R. Hoover
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Talia S. Wong
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Chun Fung Wong
- Immunophotonics, Inc., Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Samuel Lam
- Immunophotonics, Inc., Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tomas Hode
- Immunophotonics, Inc., Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - M. Kevin Keel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Levenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Wei R. Chen
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Lark L. Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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2
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de Brito RCF, Holtham K, Roser J, Saunders JE, Wezel Y, Henderson S, Mauch T, Sanz-Bernardo B, Frossard JP, Bernard M, Lean FZX, Nunez A, Gubbins S, Suárez NM, Davison AJ, Francis MJ, Huether M, Benchaoui H, Salt J, Fowler VL, Jarvis MA, Graham SP. An attenuated herpesvirus vectored vaccine candidate induces T-cell responses against highly conserved porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus M and NSP5 proteins that are unable to control infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201973. [PMID: 37600784 PMCID: PMC10436000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains a leading cause of economic loss in pig farming worldwide. Existing commercial vaccines, all based on modified live or inactivated PRRSV, fail to provide effective immunity against the highly diverse circulating strains of both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective and broadly active PRRSV vaccines. In the absence of neutralizing antibodies, T cells are thought to play a central role in controlling PRRSV infection. Herpesvirus-based vectors are novel vaccine platforms capable of inducing high levels of T cells against encoded heterologous antigens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity and efficacy of an attenuated herpesvirus-based vector (bovine herpesvirus-4; BoHV-4) expressing a fusion protein comprising two well-characterized PRRSV-1 T-cell antigens (M and NSP5). Prime-boost immunization of pigs with BoHV-4 expressing the M and NSP5 fusion protein (vector designated BoHV-4-M-NSP5) induced strong IFN-γ responses, as assessed by ELISpot assays of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with a pool of peptides representing PRRSV-1 M and NSP5. The responses were closely mirrored by spontaneous IFN-γ release from unstimulated cells, albeit at lower levels. A lower frequency of M and NSP5 specific IFN-γ responding cells was induced following a single dose of BoHV-4-M-NSP5 vector. Restimulation using M and NSP5 peptides from PRRSV-2 demonstrated a high level of cross-reactivity. Vaccination with BoHV-4-M-NSP5 did not affect viral loads in either the blood or lungs following challenge with the two heterologous PRRSV-1 strains. However, the BoHV-4-M-NSP5 prime-boost vaccination showed a marked trend toward reduced lung pathology following PRRSV-1 challenge. The limited effect of T cells on PRRSV-1 viral load was further examined by analyzing local and circulating T-cell responses using intracellular cytokine staining and proliferation assays. The results from this study suggest that vaccine-primed T-cell responses may have helped in the control of PRRSV-1 associated tissue damage, but had a minimal, if any, effect on controlling PRRSV-1 viral loads. Together, these results indicate that future efforts to develop effective PRRSV vaccines should focus on achieving a balanced T-cell and antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jack E. Saunders
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Wezel
- The Vaccine Group Ltd., Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thekla Mauch
- The Vaccine Group Ltd., Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Matthieu Bernard
- Pathology and Animal Sciences Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Z. X. Lean
- Pathology and Animal Sciences Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Nunez
- Pathology and Animal Sciences Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicolás M. Suárez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy Salt
- The Vaccine Group Ltd., Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael A. Jarvis
- The Vaccine Group Ltd., Plymouth, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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3
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Zhang H, Luo Q, He Y, Zheng Y, Sha H, Li G, Kong W, Liao J, Zhao M. Research Progress on the Development of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines. Vet Sci 2023; 10:491. [PMID: 37624278 PMCID: PMC10459618 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease in the pig industry, but its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. The disease is caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), which primarily infects porcine alveolar macrophages and disrupts the immune system. Unfortunately, there is no specific drug to cure PRRS, so vaccination is crucial for controlling the disease. There are various types of single and combined vaccines available, including live, inactivated, subunit, DNA, and vector vaccines. Among them, live vaccines provide better protection, but cross-protection is weak. Inactivated vaccines are safe but have poor immune efficacy. Subunit vaccines can be used in the third trimester of pregnancy, and DNA vaccines can enhance the protective effect of live vaccines. However, vector vaccines only confer partial protection and have not been widely used in practice. A PRRS vaccine that meets new-generation international standards is still needed. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of live-attenuated, inactivated, subunit, live vector, DNA, gene-deletion, synthetic peptide, virus-like particle, and other types of vaccines for the prevention and control of PRRS. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for vaccine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (H.Z.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Qin Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (H.Z.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Yingxin He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (H.Z.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Yajie Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (H.Z.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Huiyang Sha
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (H.Z.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Gan Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (H.Z.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Weili Kong
- Gladstone Institutes of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Jiedan Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (H.Z.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (H.Z.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (G.L.)
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4
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Adjuvants for swine vaccines: Mechanisms of actions and adjuvant effects. Vaccine 2020; 38:6659-6681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Bernelin-Cottet C, Urien C, Fretaud M, Langevin C, Trus I, Jouneau L, Blanc F, Leplat JJ, Barc C, Boulesteix O, Riou M, Dysart M, Mahé S, Studsrub E, Nauwynck H, Bertho N, Bourry O, Schwartz-Cornil I. A DNA Prime Immuno-Potentiates a Modified Live Vaccine against the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus but Does Not Improve Heterologous Protection. Viruses 2019; 11:E576. [PMID: 31242645 PMCID: PMC6631340 DOI: 10.3390/v11060576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an RNA virus inducing abortion in sows and respiratory disease in young pigs, is a leading infectious cause of economic losses in the swine industry. Modified live vaccines (MLVs) help in controlling the disease, but their efficacy is often compromised by the high genetic diversity of circulating viruses, leading to vaccine escape variants in the field. In this study, we hypothesized that a DNA prime with naked plasmids encoding PRRSV antigens containing conserved T-cell epitopes may improve the protection of MLV against a heterologous challenge. Plasmids were delivered with surface electroporation or needle-free jet injection and European strain-derived PRRSV antigens were targeted or not to the dendritic cell receptor XCR1. Compared to MLV-alone, the DNA-MLV prime- boost regimen slightly improved the IFNγ T-cell response, and substantially increased the antibody response against envelope motives and the nucleoprotein N. The XCR1-targeting of N significantly improved the anti-N specific antibody response. Despite this immuno-potentiation, the DNA-MLV regimen did not further decrease the serum viral load or the nasal viral shedding of the challenge strain over MLV-alone. Finally, the heterologous protection, achieved in absence of detectable effective neutralizing antibodies, was not correlated to the measured antibody or to the IFNγ T-cell response. Therefore, immune correlates of protection remain to be identified and represent an important gap of knowledge in PRRSV vaccinology. This study importantly shows that a naked DNA prime immuno-potentiates an MLV, more on the B than on the IFNγ T-cell response side, and has to be further improved to reach cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bernelin-Cottet
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Céline Urien
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Maxence Fretaud
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Christelle Langevin
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- VIM, EMERG'IN-Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale IERP, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Ivan Trus
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Luc Jouneau
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Fany Blanc
- GABI, INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Leplat
- GABI, INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Céline Barc
- Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale-PFIE-UE1277, Centre Val de Loire, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Olivier Boulesteix
- Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale-PFIE-UE1277, Centre Val de Loire, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Mickaël Riou
- Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale-PFIE-UE1277, Centre Val de Loire, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Marilyn Dysart
- Pharmajet, 400 Corporate Circle Suite N, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
| | - Sophie Mahé
- Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Anses, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
| | | | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Olivier Bourry
- Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Anses, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
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6
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Montaner-Tarbes S, Del Portillo HA, Montoya M, Fraile L. Key Gaps in the Knowledge of the Porcine Respiratory Reproductive Syndrome Virus (PRRSV). Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:38. [PMID: 30842948 PMCID: PMC6391865 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important swine diseases in the world. It is causing an enormous economic burden due to reproductive failure in sows and a complex respiratory syndrome in pigs of all ages, with mortality varying from 2 to 100% in the most extreme cases of emergent highly pathogenic strains. PRRSV displays complex interactions with the immune system and a high mutation rate, making the development, and implementation of control strategies a major challenge. In this review, the biology of the virus will be addressed focusing on newly discovered functions of non-structural proteins and novel dissemination mechanisms. Secondly, the role of different cell types and viral proteins will be reviewed in natural and vaccine-induced immune response together with the role of different immune evasion mechanisms focusing on those gaps of knowledge that are critical to generate more efficacious vaccines. Finally, novel strategies for antigen discovery and vaccine development will be discussed, in particular the use of exosomes (extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin). As nanocarriers of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, exosomes have potential effects on cell activation, modulation of immune responses and antigen presentation. Thus, representing a novel vaccination approach against this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Montaner-Tarbes
- Innovex Therapeutics S.L, Badalona, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieria Agraria (ETSEA), Universidad de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Hernando A Del Portillo
- Innovex Therapeutics S.L, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Montoya
- Innovex Therapeutics S.L, Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Innovex Therapeutics S.L, Badalona, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieria Agraria (ETSEA), Universidad de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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7
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Desbrieres J, Peptu C, Ochiuz L, Savin C, Popa M, Vasiliu S. Application of Chitosan-Based Formulations in Controlled Drug Delivery. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 36 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16581-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Zhu B, He T, Gao X, Shi M, Sun H. Evaluation and characteristics of immunological adjuvant activity of purified fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponins. Immunol Invest 2018; 48:283-302. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1523923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binnian Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Tianyu He
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xiangyun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Minghua Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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9
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Hernández J, Rascón-Castelo E, Bray J, Lokhandwala S, Mwangi W. Immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus expressing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus polyepitopes. Vet Microbiol 2017; 212:7-15. [PMID: 29173591 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the immunogenicity of a chimeric antigen containing characterized PRRSV epitopes. A synthetic gene, designated HEJ, encoding defined epitopes was used to generate a recombinant adenovirus designed Ad-HEJ. The chimeric antigen included T-cell epitopes from structural and nonstructural proteins, and a neutralizing B-cell epitope. Following a homologous prime-boost immunization, the Ad-HEJ virus elicited significant (p<0.05) epitope-specific IFN-γ responses compared to sham-treatment. Two weeks post-challenge, this response was significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to the negative control treatment. IFN-γ response to PRRSV stimulation in vitro were observed in both groups only after challenge. Antibodies against PRRSV and peptides were detectable following prime-boost immunization in the Ad-HEJ treatment group and the responses increased post-challenge against the virus and against most of the peptides. All the swine were viremic one week post-challenge, but four weeks later, five out of the seven Ad-HEJ vaccinees had cleared the PRRSV, whereas only two of the six negative controls had cleared the virus. The outcome suggests that the adenovirus expressing defined epitopes induced a strong immune response against the peptides, but this response was not sufficient to confer protection against PRRSV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Rascón-Castelo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Bray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shehnaz Lokhandwala
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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10
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Riitho V, Walters AA, Somavarapu S, Lamp B, Rümenapf T, Krey T, Rey FA, Oviedo-Orta E, Stewart GR, Locker N, Steinbach F, Graham SP. Design and evaluation of the immunogenicity and efficacy of a biomimetic particulate formulation of viral antigens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13743. [PMID: 29062078 PMCID: PMC5653838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit viral vaccines are typically not as efficient as live attenuated or inactivated vaccines at inducing protective immune responses. This paper describes an alternative ‘biomimetic’ technology; whereby viral antigens were formulated around a polymeric shell in a rationally arranged fashion with a surface glycoprotein coated on to the surface and non-structural antigen and adjuvant encapsulated. We evaluated this model using BVDV E2 and NS3 proteins formulated in poly-(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles adjuvanted with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C) as an adjuvant (Vaccine-NP). This Vaccine-NP was compared to ovalbumin and poly(I:C) formulated in a similar manner (Control-NP) and a commercial adjuvanted inactivated BVDV vaccine (IAV), all inoculated subcutaneously and boosted prior to BVDV-1 challenge. Significant virus-neutralizing activity, and E2 and NS3 specific antibodies were observed in both Vaccine-NP and IAV groups following the booster immunisation. IFN-γ responses were observed in ex vivo PBMC stimulated with E2 and NS3 proteins in both vaccinated groups. We observed that the protection afforded by the particulate vaccine was comparable to the licenced IAV formulation. In conclusion, the biomimetic particulates showed a promising immunogenicity and efficacy profile that may be improved by virtue of being a customisable mode of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Riitho
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.,International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Adam A Walters
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.,The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benjamin Lamp
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Till Rümenapf
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Krey
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Department Virologie, Paris CNRS UMR, 3569, Paris, France.,Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Department Virologie, Paris CNRS UMR, 3569, Paris, France
| | - Ernesto Oviedo-Orta
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.,Sanofi Pasteur, 1541, Avenue Marcel Merieux - Campus Merieux, 69280, Marcy, L'Etoile, France
| | - Graham R Stewart
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Falko Steinbach
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Graham
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom. .,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom. .,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
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11
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Rowland RR, Lunney JK. Alternative strategies for the control and elimination of PRRS. Vet Microbiol 2017; 209:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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