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Chen B, Guo G, Wang G, Zhu Q, Wang L, Shi W, Wang S, Chen Y, Chi X, Wen F, Maarouf M, Huang S, Yang Z, Chen JL. ATG7/GAPLINC/IRF3 axis plays a critical role in regulating pathogenesis of influenza A virus. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011958. [PMID: 38227600 PMCID: PMC10817227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) is an essential autophagy effector enzyme. Although it is well known that autophagy plays crucial roles in the infections with various viruses including influenza A virus (IAV), function and underlying mechanism of ATG7 in infection and pathogenesis of IAV remain poorly understood. Here, in vitro studies showed that ATG7 had profound effects on replication of IAV. Depletion of ATG7 markedly attenuated the replication of IAV, whereas overexpression of ATG7 facilitated the viral replication. ATG7 conditional knockout mice were further employed and exhibited significantly resistant to viral infections, as evidenced by a lower degree of tissue injury, slower body weight loss, and better survival, than the wild type animals challenged with either IAV (RNA virus) or pseudorabies virus (DNA virus). Interestingly, we found that ATG7 promoted the replication of IAV in autophagy-dependent and -independent manners, as inhibition of autophagy failed to completely block the upregulation of IAV replication by ATG7. To determine the autophagy-independent mechanism, transcriptome analysis was utilized and demonstrated that ATG7 restrained the production of interferons (IFNs). Loss of ATG7 obviously enhanced the expression of type I and III IFNs in ATG7-depleted cells and mice, whereas overexpression of ATG7 impaired the interferon response to IAV infection. Consistently, our experiments demonstrated that ATG7 significantly suppressed IRF3 activation during the IAV infection. Furthermore, we identified long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) GAPLINC as a critical regulator involved in the promotion of IAV replication by ATG7. Importantly, both inactivation of IRF3 and inhibition of IFN response caused by ATG7 were mediated through control over GAPLINC expression, suggesting that GAPLINC contributes to the suppression of antiviral immunity by ATG7. Together, these results uncover an autophagy-independent mechanism by which ATG7 suppresses host innate immunity and establish a critical role for ATG7/GAPLINC/IRF3 axis in regulating IAV infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guijie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Faxin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohamed Maarouf
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Z, Cai X, Ren Z, Shao Y, Xu Y, Fu L, Zhu Y. Piceatannol as an Antiviral Inhibitor of PRV Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2376. [PMID: 37508153 PMCID: PMC10375968 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) belongs to the family Herpesviridae. PRV has a wide host range and can cause cytopathic effects (CPEs) in PK-15 cells. Therefore, PRV was used as a model to study the antiviral activity of piceatannol. The results showed that piceatannol could restrain PRV multiplication in PK-15 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.0307 mg/mL, and the selectivity index (SI, CC50/IC50) was 3.68. Piceatannol could exert an anti-PRV effect by reducing the transcription level of viral genes, inhibiting PRV-induced apoptosis and elevating the levels of IL-4, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the serum of mice. Animal experiments showed that piceatannol could delay the onset of disease, reduce the viral load in the brain and kidney and reduce the pathological changes in the tissues and organs of the mice to improve the survival rate of the mice (14.3%). Therefore, the anti-PRV activity of piceatannol in vivo and in vitro was systematically evaluated in this study to provide scientific data for developing a new alternative measure for controlling PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Xiaojing Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Yi Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Yongkang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Lian Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
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Liu S, Liu S, Yu Z, Zhou W, Zheng M, Gu R, Hong J, Yang Z, Chi X, Guo G, Li X, Chen N, Huang S, Wang S, Chen JL. STAT3 regulates antiviral immunity by suppressing excessive interferon signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112806. [PMID: 37440406 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study identifies interleukin-6 (IL-6)-independent phosphorylation of STAT3 Y705 at the early stage of infection with several viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV). Such activation of STAT3 is dependent on the retinoic acid-induced gene I/mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein/spleen tyrosine kinase (RIG-I/MAVS/Syk) axis and critical for antiviral immunity. We generate STAT3Y705F/+ knockin mice that display a remarkably suppressed antiviral response to IAV infection, as evidenced by impaired expression of several antiviral genes, severe lung tissue injury, and poor survival compared with wild-type animals. Mechanistically, STAT3 Y705 phosphorylation restrains IAV pathogenesis by repressing excessive production of interferons (IFNs). Blocking phosphorylation significantly augments the expression of type I and III IFNs, potentiating the virulence of IAV in mice. Importantly, knockout of IFNAR1 or IFNLR1 in STAT3Y705F/+ mice protects the animals from lung injury and reduces viral load. The results indicate that activation of STAT3 by Y705 phosphorylation is vital for establishment of effective antiviral immunity by suppressing excessive IFN signaling induced by viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Siya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ziding Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meichun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinxuan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guijie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Na Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
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Qiu H, Yang B, Chen Y, Zhu Q, Wen F, Peng M, Wang G, Guo G, Chen B, Maarouf M, Fang M, Chen JL. Influenza A Virus-Induced circRNA circMerTK Negatively Regulates Innate Antiviral Responses. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0363722. [PMID: 36847523 PMCID: PMC10100971 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03637-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an important subclass of noncoding RNAs implicated in the regulation of multiple biological processes. However, the functional involvement of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of influenza A viruses (IAVs) remains largely unknown. Here, we employed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to examine the differentially expressed circRNAs in mouse lung tissues challenged or not challenged with IAV to evaluate the impact of viral infection on circRNAs in vivo. We observed that 413 circRNAs exhibited significantly altered levels following IAV infection. Among these, circMerTK, the derivative of myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase (MerTK) pre-mRNA, was highly induced by IAV. Interestingly, circMerTK expression was also increased upon infection with multiple DNA and RNA viruses in human and animal cell lines, and thus it was selected for further studies. Poly(I:C) and interferon β (IFN-β) stimulated circMerTK expression, while RIG-I knockout and IFNAR1 knockout cell lines failed to elevate circMerTK levels after IAV infection, demonstrating that circMerTK is regulated by IFN signaling. Furthermore, circMerTK overexpression or silencing accelerated or impeded IAV and Sendai virus replication, respectively. Silencing circMerTK enhanced the production of type I IFNs and interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs), whereas circMerTK overexpression suppressed their expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Notably, altering circMerTK expression had no effect on the MerTK mRNA level in cells infected or not infected with IAV, and vice versa. In addition, human circMerTK and mouse homologs functioned similarly in antiviral responses. Together, these results identify circMerTK as an enhancer of IAV replication through suppression of antiviral immunity. IMPORTANCE CircRNAs are an important class of noncoding RNAs characterized by a covalently closed circular structure. CircRNAs have been proven to impact numerous cellular processes, where they conduct specialized biological activities. In addition, circRNAs are believed to play a crucial role in regulating immune responses. Nevertheless, the functions of circRNAs in the innate immunity against IAV infection remain obscure. In this study, we employed transcriptomic analysis to investigate the alterations in circRNAs expression following IAV infection in vivo. It was found that expression of 413 circRNAs was significantly altered, of which 171 were upregulated, and 242 were downregulated following the IAV infection. Interestingly, circMerTK was identified as a positive regulator of IAV replication in both human and mouse hosts. CircMerTK was shown to influence IFN-β production and its downstream signaling, enhancing IAV replication. This finding provides new insights into the critical roles of circRNAs in regulating antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haori Qiu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bincai Yang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhai Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Qianwen Zhu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Faxin Wen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Peng
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guijie Guo
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Biao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Mohamed Maarouf
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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5
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Free ISG15 inhibits Pseudorabies virus infection by positively regulating type I IFN signaling. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010921. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is strongly upregulated during viral infections and exerts pro-viral or antiviral actions. While many viruses combat host antiviral defenses by limiting ISG expression, PRV infection notably increases expression of ISG15. However, studies on the viral strategies to regulate ISG15-mediated antiviral responses are limited. Here, we demonstrate that PRV-induced free ISG15 and conjugated proteins accumulation require viral gene expression. Conjugation inhibition assays showed that ISG15 imposes its antiviral effects via unconjugated (free) ISG15 and restricts the viral release. Knockout of ISG15 in PK15 cells interferes with IFN-β production by blocking IRF3 activation and promotes PRV replication. Mechanistically, ISG15 facilitates IFNα-mediated antiviral activity against PRV by accelerating the activation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 and STAT2. Furthermore, ISG15 facilitated STAT1/STAT2/IRF9 (ISGF3) formation and ISGF3-induced IFN-stimulated response elements (ISRE) activity for efficient gene transcription by directly interacting with STAT2. Significantly, ISG15 knockout mice displayed enhanced susceptibility to PRV, as evidenced by increased mortality and viral loads, as well as more severe pathology caused by excessive production of the inflammatory cytokines. Our studies establish the importance of free ISG15 in IFNα-induced antiviral immunity and in the control of viral infections.
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Yang L, Wen J, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Luo Z, Xu L, Lai S, Tang H, Sun X, Hu Y, Zhu L, Xu Z. The Antiviral Activity of Caprylic Monoglyceride against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217263. [PMID: 36364088 PMCID: PMC9653991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease with a major economic impact in the global pig industry, and this study aims to identify potential anti-PRRSV drugs. We examined the cytotoxicity of four medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) (caprylic, caprylic monoglyceride, decanoic monoglyceride, and monolaurin) and their inhibition rate against PRRSV. Then the MCFAs with the best anti-PRRSV effect in in vitro assays were selected for subsequent in vivo experiments. Potential anti-PRRSV drugs were evaluated by viral load assay, pathological assay, and cytokine level determination. The results showed that caprylic monoglyceride (CMG) was the least toxic to cells of the four MCFAs, while it had the highest PRRSV inhibition rate. Then the animals were divided into a low-CMG group, a medium-CMG group, and a high-CMG group to conduct the in vivo evaluation. The results indicated that piglets treated with higher concentrations of caprylic monoglyceride were associated with lower mortality and lower viral load after PRRSV infection (p < 0.05). The pulmonary pathology of the piglets also improved after CMG treatment. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α) were significantly downregulated, and the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were significantly upregulated in the CMG-treated piglets compared to the positive control group (p < 0.05). Taken together, the present study revealed for the first time that caprylic monoglyceride has strong antiviral activity against PRRSV in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that caprylic monoglyceride could potentially be used as a drug to treat PRRS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianhua Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zheyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhipeng Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Youjun Hu
- Innovation Centre of Guangdong Nuacid Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511545, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Li C, Ma Y, Cai Z, Wan Q, Tian S, Ning H, Wang S, Chen JL, Yang G. Neuropeptide S and its receptor NPSR enhance the susceptibility of hosts to pseudorabies virus infection. Res Vet Sci 2022; 146:15-23. [PMID: 35298925 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide S (NPS) and its receptor (NPSR) represent a signaling system in the brain. Increased levels of NPS and NPSR have been observed in PK15 cells and murine brains in response to pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection, but it remains unclear whether elevated levels of NPS and NPSR are involved in the pathogenic process of PRV infection. In this study, the activities of both NPS and NPSR during PRV pathogenesis were explored in vitro and in vivo by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), PCR, real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), qPCR, TCID50, and Western blotting methods. NPSR-deficient cells were less susceptible to PRV infection, as evidenced by decreased viral production and PRV-glycoprotein E (gE) expression. In vitro studies showed that exogenous NPS promoted the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA but inhibited interferon β (IFN-β) mRNA expression in PK15 cells after PRV infection. In vivo studies showed that NPS-treated mice were highly susceptible to PRV infection, with decreased survival rates and body weights. In addition, NPS-treated mice showed elevated levels of IL-6 mRNA and STAT3 phosphorylation. However, the expression of IFN-β mRNA was greatly decreased after virus challenge. Contrasting results were obtained from the NPSR-ir-treated groups, which further highlighted the effects of NPS. This study revealed that NPS-treated hosts are more susceptible to PRV infection than controls. Moreover, excessive IL-6/STAT3 and defective IFN-β responses in NPS-treated mice may contribute to the pathogenesis of PRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yijie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zifeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qianhui Wan
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shimao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Hongxia Ning
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Guihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fujian, PR China.
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Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 Knockout in Mice Impairs IFNα-Mediated Antiviral Activity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091862. [PMID: 36146669 PMCID: PMC9502845 DOI: 10.3390/v14091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) plays an important role in the host defense against viral infection by inducing expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). In a previous study, we found that porcine interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) exhibited antiviral activity against PRV in vitro. To further investigate the antiviral function of ISG15 in vivo, we utilized ISG15 knockout (ISG15-/-) mice in this study. Here, we demonstrate that ISG15-/- mice were highly susceptible to PRV infection in vivo, as evidenced by a considerably reduced survival rate, enhanced viral replication and severe pathological lesions. However, we observed no significant difference between female and male infected WT and ISG15-/- mice. Moreover, ISG15-/- mice displayed attenuated antiviral protection as a result of considerably reduced expression of IFNβ and relevant ISGs during PRV replication. Furthermore, excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines may be closely related to encephalitis and pneumonia. In further studies, we found that the enhanced sensitivity to PRV infection in ISG15-/- mice might be caused by reduced phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2, thereby inhibiting type I IFN-mediated antiviral activity. Based on these findings, we conclude that ISG15 is essential for host type I IFN-mediated antiviral response.
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Ma Y, Tian S, Wan Q, Kong Y, Liu C, Tian K, Ning H, Xu X, Qi B, Yang G. Peptidomic Analysis on Mouse Lung Tissue Reveals AGDP as a Potential Bioactive Peptide against Pseudorabies Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063306. [PMID: 35328729 PMCID: PMC8951067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection could cause severe histopathological damage via releasing multiple factors, including cytokines, peptides, etc. Here, peptidomic results showed that 129 peptides were identified in PRV-infected mouse lungs and were highly involved in the process of PRV infection. The role of one down-regulated biological peptide (designated as AGDP) during PRV infection was investigated. To verify the expression profiles of AGDP in response to PRV infection, the expression level of the precursor protein of AGDP mRNA was significantly decreased in PRV-infected mouse lungs and cells. The synthesized AGDP-treating cells were less susceptible to PRV challenges than the controls, as demonstrated by the decreased virus production and gE expression. AGDP not only inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-8 but also appeared to suppress the extracellular release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) by inhibiting the output of nuclear HMGB1 in cells. AGDP could also inhibit the degradation of IκBα and the phosphorylation levels of P65 after PRV infection. In total, our results revealed many meaningful peptides involved in PRV infection, thereby enhancing the current understanding of the host response to PRV infection, and how AGDP may serve as a promising candidate for developing novel anti-PRV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.K.); (C.L.); (H.N.); (X.X.); (B.Q.)
| | - Shimao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.K.); (C.L.); (H.N.); (X.X.); (B.Q.)
| | - Qianhui Wan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.K.); (C.L.); (H.N.); (X.X.); (B.Q.)
| | - Yingying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.K.); (C.L.); (H.N.); (X.X.); (B.Q.)
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.K.); (C.L.); (H.N.); (X.X.); (B.Q.)
| | - Ke Tian
- College of JIN SHAN, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Hongya Ning
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.K.); (C.L.); (H.N.); (X.X.); (B.Q.)
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.K.); (C.L.); (H.N.); (X.X.); (B.Q.)
| | - Baomin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.K.); (C.L.); (H.N.); (X.X.); (B.Q.)
| | - Guihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.K.); (C.L.); (H.N.); (X.X.); (B.Q.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Razzuoli E, Armando F, De Paolis L, Ciurkiewicz M, Amadori M. The Swine IFN System in Viral Infections: Major Advances and Translational Prospects. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020175. [PMID: 35215119 PMCID: PMC8875149 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines that play a pivotal role in orchestrating the innate immune response during viral infections, thus representing the first line of defense in the host. After binding to their respective receptors, they are able to elicit a plethora of biological activities, by initiating signaling cascades which lead to the transcription of genes involved in antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antitumoral effector mechanisms. In hindsight, it is not surprising that viruses have evolved multiple IFN escape strategies toward efficient replication in the host. Hence, in order to achieve insight into preventive and treatment strategies, it is essential to explore the mechanisms underlying the IFN response to viral infections and the constraints thereof. Accordingly, this review is focused on three RNA and three DNA viruses of major importance in the swine farming sector, aiming to provide essential data as to how the IFN system modulates the antiviral immune response, and is affected by diverse, virus-driven, immune escape mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Razzuoli
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Livia De Paolis
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Amadori
- National Network of Veterinary Immunology (RNIV), Via Istria 3, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
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11
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Zhu T, Jiang X, Xin H, Zheng X, Xue X, Chen JL, Qi B. GADD34-mediated dephosphorylation of eIF2α facilitates pseudorabies virus replication by maintaining de novo protein synthesis. Vet Res 2021; 52:148. [PMID: 34930429 PMCID: PMC8686791 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have evolved multiple strategies to manipulate their host's translational machinery for the synthesis of viral proteins. A common viral target is the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). In this study, we show that global protein synthesis was increased but the eIF2α phosphorylation level was markedly decreased in porcine kidney 15 (PK15) cells infected with pseudorabies virus (PRV), a swine herpesvirus. An increase in the eIF2α phosphorylation level by salubrinal treatment or transfection of constructs expressing wild-type eIF2α or an eIF2α phosphomimetic [eIF2α(S51D)] attenuated global protein synthesis and suppressed PRV replication. To explore the mechanism involved in the inhibition of eIF2α phosphorylation during PRV infection, we examined the phosphorylation status of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR), two kinases that regulate eIF2α phosphorylation during infection with numerous viruses. We found that the level of neither phosphorylated (p)-PERK nor p-PKR was altered in PRV-infected cells or the lungs of infected mice. However, the expression of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34), which promotes eIF2α dephosphorylation by recruiting protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), was significantly induced both in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of GADD34 and inhibition of PP1 activity by okadaic acid treatment led to increased eIF2α phosphorylation but significantly suppressed global protein synthesis and inhibited PRV replication. Collectively, these results demonstrated that PRV induces GADD34 expression to promote eIF2α dephosphorylation, thereby maintaining de novo protein synthesis and facilitating viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xueli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hangkuo Xin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaonuan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baomin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Tk-deleted pseudorabies virus retains high pathogenicity in rats. J Vet Res 2021; 65:401-405. [PMID: 35111992 PMCID: PMC8775734 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pseudorabies virus (PRV) gene encoding thymidine kinase (tk) is an important virulence-associated factor. Attenuation of PRV in susceptible animals is a frequent result of tk deletion. The aim of the study was to assess the pathogenicity of tk-deleted PRV in rats. Material and Methods Sprague Dawley rats were infected with the tk-deleted PRV strain SuHV-1 ΔTK:247via intranasal or intramuscular inoculation. PRV loads in ten tissues from dead and euthanised rats were determined using real-time PCR. Results Infection with SuHV-1 ΔTK:247 could cause death in rats. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of SuHV-1 ΔTK:247 via intranasal inoculation was 103.16 TCID50 in rats. Intramuscular inoculation required a higher dose of SuHV-1 ΔTK:247 (105.0 TCID50). A high SuHV-1 ΔTK:247 titre was observed in the trigeminal ganglia or spinal cord of dead rats. Conclusion The results of this study show that rats are highly susceptible to PRV infection, and tk deletion did not completely diminish the pathogenicity of PRV in rats.
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13
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Chen B, Chen Y, Rai KR, Wang X, Liu S, Li Y, Xiao M, Ma Y, Wang G, Guo G, Huang S, Chen JL. Deficiency of eIF4B Increases Mouse Mortality and Impairs Antiviral Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:723885. [PMID: 34566982 PMCID: PMC8461113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) plays an important role in mRNA translation initiation, cell survival and proliferation in vitro. However, its function in vivo is poorly understood. Here, we identified that eIF4B knockout (KO) in mice led to embryonic lethality, and the embryos displayed severe liver damage. Conditional KO (CKO) of eIF4B in adulthood profoundly increased the mortality of mice, characterized by severe pathological changes in several organs and reduced number of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Strikingly, eIF4B CKO mice were highly susceptible to viral infection with severe pulmonary inflammation. Selective deletion of eIF4B in lung epithelium also markedly promoted replication of influenza A virus (IAV) in the lung of infected animals. Furthermore, we observed that eIF4B deficiency significantly enhanced the expression of several important inflammation-associated factors and chemokines, including serum amyloid A1 (Saa1), Marco, Cxcr1, Ccl6, Ccl8, Ccl20, Cxcl2, Cxcl17 that are implicated in recruitment and activation of neutrophiles and macrophages. Moreover, the eIF4B-deficient mice exhibited impaired natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity during the IAV infection. Collectively, the results reveal that eIF4B is essential for mouse survival and host antiviral responses, and establish previously uncharacterized roles for eIF4B in regulating normal animal development and antiviral immunity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Kul Raj Rai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guijie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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14
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Choi JA, Wu K, Kim GN, Saeedian N, Seon SH, Park G, Jung DI, Jeong HW, Kim NH, Seo SH, Lee S, Song M, Kang CY. Induction of protective immune responses against a lethal Zika virus challenge post-vaccination with a dual serotype of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus carrying the genetically modified Zika virus E protein gene. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33913804 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a vaccine to prevent Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been one of the priorities in infectious disease research in recent years. There have been numerous attempts to develop an effective vaccine against ZIKV. It is imperative to choose the safest and the most effective ZIKV vaccine from all candidate vaccines to control this infection globally. We have employed a dual serotype of prime-boost recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vaccine strategy, to develop a ZIKV vaccine candidate, using a type 1 IFN-receptor knock-out (Ifnar -/-) mouse model for challenge studies. Prime vaccination with an attenuated recombinant VSV Indiana serotype (rVSVInd) carrying a genetically modified ZIKV envelope (E) protein gene followed by boost vaccination with attenuated recombinant VSV New Jersey serotype (rVSVNJ) carrying the same E gene induced robust adaptive immune responses. In particular, rVSV carrying the ZIKV E gene with the honeybee melittin signal peptide (msp) at the N terminus and VSV G protein transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail (Gtc) at the C terminus of the E gene induced strong protective immune responses. This vaccine regimen induced highly potent neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses in the absence of an adjuvant and protected Ifnar -/- mice from a lethal dose of the ZIKV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ah Choi
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunyu Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Gyoung Nyoun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Nasrin Saeedian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Seung Han Seon
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Park
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Im Jung
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoe Won Jeong
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hyung Kim
- Sumagen, 4F Dongwon Bldg, Teheran-ro 77-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwan Seo
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyun Lee
- Sumagen, 4F Dongwon Bldg, Teheran-ro 77-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06159, Republic of Korea
| | - Manki Song
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - C Yong Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
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15
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Sun W, Liu S, Huang X, Yuan R, Yu J. Cytokine storms and pyroptosis are primarily responsible for the rapid death of mice infected with pseudorabies virus. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210296. [PMID: 34457338 PMCID: PMC8385338 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease, is one of the most harmful pathogens to the pig industry. PRV can infect and kill a variety of mammals. Nevertheless, the underlying pathogenesis related to PRV is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the pathogenesis induced by PRV in a mouse model. The mice infected with the PRV-HLJ strain developed severe clinical manifestations at 36 h post-infection (hpi), and mortality occurred within 48-72 hpi. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and qRT-PCR methods were used to detect the pathological damage and expression of cytokines related to an immune reaction in brain tissue, respectively. The cytokine storms caused by IFN-α, IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 were related to the histopathological changes induced by PRV. This pattern of cytokine secretion depicts an image of typical cytokine storms, characterized by dysregulated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and imbalanced pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. In addition, the pyroptosis pathway was also activated by PRV by elevating the expression levels of nod-like receptor protein 3, Caspase-1, Gasdermin-D and interleukin-1β/18. These findings provide a way for further understanding the molecular basis in PRV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- College of Agriculture, Tongren Polytechnic College, Bijiang District, Tongren City, Guizhou 554300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Tongren Polytechnic College, Bijiang District, Tongren City, Guizhou 554300, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Engineering Research Centre for Separation and Purification Ethnic Chinese Veterinary Herbs, Tongren City, Guizhou 554300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Huang
- College of Agriculture, Tongren Polytechnic College, Bijiang District, Tongren City, Guizhou 554300, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Tongren Polytechnic College, Bijiang District, Tongren City, Guizhou 554300, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Engineering Research Centre for Separation and Purification Ethnic Chinese Veterinary Herbs, Tongren City, Guizhou 554300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Yu
- College of Agriculture, Tongren Polytechnic College, Bijiang District, Tongren City, Guizhou 554300, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Engineering Research Centre for Separation and Purification Ethnic Chinese Veterinary Herbs, Tongren City, Guizhou 554300, People's Republic of China
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16
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Li L, Wang R, Hu H, Chen X, Yin Z, Liang X, He C, Yin L, Ye G, Zou Y, Yue G, Tang H, Jia R, Song X. The antiviral activity of kaempferol against pseudorabies virus in mice. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:247. [PMID: 34275451 PMCID: PMC8287772 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the Alphaherpesviruses, is one of the most important pathogens that harm the global pig industry. Accumulated evidence indicated that PRV could infect humans under certain circumstances, inducing severe clinical symptoms such as acute human encephalitis. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs to treat PRV infections, and vaccines available only for swine could not provide full protection. Thus, new control measures are urgently needed. Results In the present study, kaempferol exhibited anti-PRV activity in mice through improving survival rate by 22.22 %, which was higher than acyclovir (Positive control) with the survival rate of 16.67 % at 6 days post infection (dpi); meanwhile, the survival rate was 0 % at 6 dpi in the infected-untreated group. Kaempferol could inhibit the virus replication in the brain, lung, kidney, heart and spleen, especially the viral gene copies were reduced by over 700-fold in the brain, which was further confirmed by immunohistochemical examination. The pathogenic changes induced by PRV infection in these organs were also alleviated. The transcription of the only immediate-early gene IE180 in the brain was significantly inhibited by kaempferol, leading to the decreased transcriptional levels of the early genes (EPO and TK). The expression of latency-associated transcript (LAT) was also inhibited in the brain, which suggested that kaempferol could inhibit PRV latency. Kaempferol-treatment could induce higher levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the serum at 3 dpi which were then declined to normal levels at 5 dpi. Conclusions These results suggested that kaempferol was expected to be a new alternative control measure for PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaiyue Hu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014, Ya'an, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China.
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17
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Hosseini S, Michaelsen-Preusse K, Grigoryan G, Chhatbar C, Kalinke U, Korte M. Type I Interferon Receptor Signaling in Astrocytes Regulates Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Cognitive Function of the Healthy CNS. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107666. [PMID: 32433975 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) signaling is a hallmark of viral control and host protection. Here, we show that, in the hippocampus of healthy IFNAR-deficient mice, synapse number and synaptic plasticity, as well as spatial learning, are impaired. This is also the case for IFN-β-deficient animals. Moreover, antibody-mediated IFNAR blocking acutely interferes with neuronal plasticity, whereas a low-dose application of IFN-β has a positive effect on dendritic spine structure. Interfering with IFNAR signaling in different cell types shows a role for cognitive function and synaptic plasticity specifically mediated by astrocytes. Intriguingly, levels of the astrocytic glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) are reduced significantly upon IFN-β treatment and increase following inhibition of IFNAR signaling. These results indicate that, besides the prominent role for host defense, IFNAR is important for synaptic plasticity as well as cognitive function. Astrocytes are at the center stage of this so-far-unknown signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hosseini
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Group, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Gayane Grigoryan
- Department of Systemic and Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute for Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chintan Chhatbar
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Group, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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18
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Interferon-induced GTPases orchestrate host cell-autonomous defence against bacterial pathogens. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1287-1297. [PMID: 34003245 PMCID: PMC8286824 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-induced guanosine triphosphate hydrolysing enzymes (GTPases) have been identified as cornerstones of IFN-mediated cell-autonomous defence. Upon IFN stimulation, these GTPases are highly expressed in various host cells, where they orchestrate anti-microbial activities against a diverse range of pathogens such as bacteria, protozoan and viruses. IFN-induced GTPases have been shown to interact with various host pathways and proteins mediating pathogen control via inflammasome activation, destabilising pathogen compartments and membranes, orchestrating destruction via autophagy and the production of reactive oxygen species as well as inhibiting pathogen mobility. In this mini-review, we provide an update on how the IFN-induced GTPases target pathogens and mediate host defence, emphasising findings on protection against bacterial pathogens.
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19
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Pseudorabies virus UL24 antagonizes OASL-mediated antiviral effect. Virus Res 2021; 295:198276. [PMID: 33476694 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oligoadenylate synthetases-like (OASL) protein exerts various effects on DNA and RNA viruses by inhibiting cGAS-mediated IFN production and by enhancing RIG-I-mediated IFN induction, respectively. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of OASL in pseudorabies virus (PRV) proliferation and investigate the function of the PRV UL24 protein in cellular innate immunity. We found that OASL regulates PRV proliferation by enhancing RIG-I signaling. PRV infection decreased the expression of OASL at both the mRNA and protein levels in PK15 and HeLa cells. OASL expression suppressed the proliferation of PRV in a RIG-I-dependent manner and boosted RIG-I-mediated IFN expression as well as IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) induction. In contrast, knockdown of OASL enhanced PRV proliferation and reduced RIG-I signaling. However, the PRV UL24 protein was found to impair RIG-I signaling, thus inhibiting transcription of IFN and ISGs. In addition, the UL24 protein reduced RIG-I-induced expression of endogenous OASL in an IRF3-dependent manner, thereby antagonizing the OASL antiviral effect. Taken together, our findings characterize the role of OASL in PRV proliferation and provide new insights into the role of UL24 in PRV pathogenesis.
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20
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Fang L, Gao Y, Lan M, Jiang P, Bai J, Li Y, Wang X. Hydroquinone inhibits PRV infection in neurons in vitro and in vivo. Vet Microbiol 2020; 250:108864. [PMID: 33007606 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a prevalent and endemic swine pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Due to the emergence of PRV mutant strains in recent years, vaccines can't completely prevent and control PRV infection. Therefore, research and development of new vaccines and drugs with inhibitory effects on PRV are of great significance in the prevention and treatment of PR. In this study, we firstly screened a library of 44 FDA-approved drugs and found that hydroquinone (HQ) displayed high anti-PRV activity by inhibiting PRV adsorption onto and internalization into cells. This study revealed that hydroquinone treatment stimulated genes associated with the PI3K-AKT signal pathway. HQ increased AKT mRNA production and activated AKT phosphorylation in N2a cells. This finding suggests that HQ significantly inhibits PRV replication by activating the phosphorylation of AKT. We also conducted in vivo experiments in mice. Hydroquinone significantly reduced the viral loads in mouse tissues and the mortality after PRV infection. The above results indicate that hydroquinone significantly inhibits the replication of PRV mutant strain ZJ01 in ICR mice and has an inhibitory effect on PRV. This study will contribute to the development of a novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanni Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Min Lan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - XianWei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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21
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Rai KR, Chen B, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Hu J, Liu S, Maarouf M, Li Y, Xiao M, Liao Y, Chen JL. Robust expression of p27Kip1 induced by viral infection is critical for antiviral innate immunity. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13242. [PMID: 32596986 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection regulates the expression of numerous host genes. However, the precise mechanism underlying implication of these genes in IAV pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we employed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to identify host proteins regulated by IAV infection. iTRAQ analysis of mouse lungs infected or uninfected with IAV showed a total of 167 differentially upregulated proteins in response to the viral infection. Interestingly, we observed that p27Kip1, a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, was markedly induced by IAV both at mRNA and protein levels through in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, it was shown that innate immune signalling positively regulated p27Kip1 expression in response to IAV infection. Ectopic expression of p27Kip1 in A549 cells dramatically inhibited IAV replication, whereas, p27Kip1 knockdown significantly enhanced the virus replication. in vivo experiments demonstrated that p27Kip1 knockout (KO) mice were more susceptible to IAV than wild-type (WT) mice: exhibiting higher viral load in lung tissue, faster body-weight loss, reduced survival rate and more severe organ damage. Moreover, we found that p27Kip1 overexpression facilitated the degradation of viral NS1 protein, caused a dramatic STAT1 activation and promoted the expression of IFN-β and several critical antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Increased p27Kip1 expression also restricted infections of several other viruses. Conversely, IAV-infected p27Kip1 KO mice exhibited a sharp increase in NS1 protein accumulation, reduced level of STAT1 activation and decreased expression of IFN-β and the ISGs in the lung compared to WT animals. These findings reveal a key role of p27Kip1 in enhancing antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kul Raj Rai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayue Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mohamed Maarouf
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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22
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Pan Q, Zhao Z, Liao Y, Chiu SH, Wang S, Chen B, Chen N, Chen Y, Chen JL. Identification of an Interferon-Stimulated Long Noncoding RNA (LncRNA ISR) Involved in Regulation of Influenza A Virus Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205118. [PMID: 31623059 PMCID: PMC6829313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in a diversity of biological processes. It is known that differential expression of thousands of lncRNAs occurs in host during influenza A virus (IAV) infection. However, only few of them have been well characterized. Here, we identified a lncRNA, named as interferon (IFN)-stimulated lncRNA (ISR), which can be significantly upregulated in response to IAV infection in a mouse model. A sequence alignment revealed that lncRNA ISR is present in mice and human beings, and indeed, we found that it was expressed in several human and mouse cell lines and tissues. Silencing lncRNA ISR in A549 cells resulted in a significant increase in IAV replication, whereas ectopic expression of lncRNA ISR reduced the viral replication. Interestingly, interferon-β (IFN-β) treatment was able to induce lncRNA ISR expression, and induction of lncRNA ISR by viral infection was nearly abolished in host deficient of IFNAR1, a type I IFN receptor. Furthermore, the level of IAV-induced lncRNA ISR expression was decreased either in retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) knockout A549 cells and mice or by nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inhibitor treatment. Together, these data elucidate that lncRNA ISR is regulated by RIG-I-dependent signaling that governs IFN-β production during IAV infection, and has an inhibitory capacity in viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shih-Hsin Chiu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Biao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Na Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yuhai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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23
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Kamel M, El-Sayed A. Utilization of herpesviridae as recombinant viral vectors in vaccine development against animal pathogens. Virus Res 2019; 270:197648. [PMID: 31279828 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the past few decades, numerous viral species have been generated as vaccine vectors. Every viral vector has its own distinct characteristics. For example, the family herpesviridae encompasses several viruses that have medical and veterinary importance. Attenuated herpesviruses are developed as vectors to convey heterologous immunogens targeting several serious and crucial pathogens. Some of these vectors have already been licensed for use in the veterinary field. One of their prominent features is their capability to accommodate large amount of foreign DNA, and to stimulate both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. A better understanding of vector-host interaction builds up a robust foundation for the future development of herpesviruses-based vectors. At the time, many molecular tools are applied to enable the generation of herpesvirus-based recombinant vaccine vectors such as BAC technology, homologous and two-step en passant mutagenesis, codon optimization, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This review article highlights the most important techniques applied in constructing recombinant herpesviruses vectors, advantages and disadvantages of each recombinant herpesvirus vector, and the most recent research regarding their use to control major animal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amr El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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24
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Li P, Zhao G, Ding Y, Wang T, Flores J, Ocak U, Wu P, Zhang T, Mo J, Zhang JH, Tang J. Rh-IFN-α attenuates neuroinflammation and improves neurological function by inhibiting NF-κB through JAK1-STAT1/TRAF3 pathway in an experimental GMH rat model. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:174-185. [PMID: 30711510 PMCID: PMC6591046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation occurs after germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) and induces secondary brain injury. Interferon-α (IFN-α) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in infectious diseases via activating IFNAR and its downstream signaling. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Recombinant human IFN-α (rh-IFN-α) and the underlying mechanisms in a rat GMH model. Two hundred and eighteen P7 rat pups of both sexes were subjected to GMH by an intraparenchymal injection of bacterial collagenase. Rh-IFN-α was administered intraperitoneally. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) of IFNAR, and siRNA of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) were administered through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections. JAK1 inhibitor ruxolitinib was given by oral lavage. Post-GMH evaluation included neurobehavioral function, Nissl staining, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. Our results showed that endogenous IFN-α and phosphorylated IFNAR levels were increased after GMH. Administration of rh-IFN-α improved neurological functions, attenuated neuroinflammation, inhibited microglial activation, and ameliorated post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus after GMH. These observations were concomitant with IFNAR activation, increased expression of phosphorylated JAK1, phosphorylated STAT1 and TRAF3, and decreased levels of phosphorylated NF-κB, IL-6 and TNF-α. Specifically, knockdown of IFNAR, JAK1 and TRAF3 abolished the protective effects of rh-IFN-α. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that rh-IFN-α treatment attenuated neuroinflammation, neurological deficits and hydrocephalus formation through inhibiting microglial activation after GMH, which might be mediated by IFNAR/JAK1-STAT1/TRAF3/NF-κB signaling pathway. Rh-IFN-α may be a promising therapeutic agent to attenuate brain injury via its anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States; Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China; Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States; Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China; Traumatic Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Jerry Flores
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Umut Ocak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Jun Mo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States; Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States.
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25
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Suprunenko T, Hofer MJ. Complexities of Type I Interferon Biology: Lessons from LCMV. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020172. [PMID: 30791575 PMCID: PMC6409748 DOI: 10.3390/v11020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) has provided an invaluable insight into our understanding of immune responses to viruses. In particular, this model has clarified the central roles that type I interferons play in initiating and regulating host responses. The use of different strains of LCMV and routes of infection has allowed us to understand how type I interferons are critical in controlling virus replication and fostering effective antiviral immunity, but also how they promote virus persistence and functional exhaustion of the immune response. Accordingly, these discoveries have formed the foundation for the development of novel treatments for acute and chronic viral infections and even extend into the management of malignant tumors. Here we review the fundamental insights into type I interferon biology gained using LCMV as a model and how the diversity of LCMV strains, dose, and route of administration have been used to dissect the molecular mechanisms underpinning acute versus persistent infection. We also identify gaps in the knowledge regarding LCMV regulation of antiviral immunity. Due to its unique properties, LCMV will continue to remain a vital part of the immunologists' toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Suprunenko
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, and the Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Markus J Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, and the Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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26
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Li X, Zhang W, Liu Y, Xie J, Hu C, Wang X. Role of p53 in pseudorabies virus replication, pathogenicity, and host immune responses. Vet Res 2019; 50:9. [PMID: 30717799 PMCID: PMC6360683 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key cellular transcription factor that plays a central role in cellular responses to a broad range of stress factors, p53 has generally been considered as a host cell restriction factor for various viral infections. However, the defined roles of p53 in pseudorabies virus (PRV) replication, pathogenesis, and host responses remain unclear. In the present study, we initially constructed a p53 overexpressing a porcine kidney epithelial cell line (PK-15) to detect the effect of p53 on PRV replication in vitro. The results show that viral glycoprotein B (gB) gene copies and the titers of virus were significantly higher in p53 overexpressing PK-15 cells than in PK-15 and p53 inhibitor treated p53 overexpressing PK-15 cells. A similar result was also found in the p53 inhibitor PFT-α-treated PK-15 cells. We then examined the effects of p53 on PRV infection in vivo by using p53-knockout (p53−/−) mice. The results show that p53 knockout not only led to significantly reduced rates of mortality but also to reduced viral replication and development of viral encephalitis in the brains of mice following intracranial inoculation. Furthermore, we examined the effect of p53 knockout on the expression of the reported host cell regulators of PRV replication in the brains of mice by using RNA sequencing. The results show that p53 knockout downregulated the interferon (IFN) regulator genes, chemokine genes, and antiviral genes after PRV infection. This finding suggests that p53 positively regulates viral replication and pathogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings offer novel targets of intrinsic host cell immunity for PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nangjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxun Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhuo Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Immune Ecosystem of Virus-Infected Host Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051379. [PMID: 29734779 PMCID: PMC5983771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infected host cells serve as a central immune ecological niche during viral infection and replication and stimulate the host immune response via molecular signaling. The viral infection and multiplication process involves complex intracellular molecular interactions between viral components and the host factors. Various types of host cells are also involved to modulate immune factors in delicate and dynamic equilibrium to maintain a balanced immune ecosystem in an infected host tissue. Antiviral host arsenals are equipped to combat or eliminate viral invasion. However, viruses have evolved with strategies to counter against antiviral immunity or hijack cellular machinery to survive inside host tissue for their multiplication. However, host immune systems have also evolved to neutralize the infection; which, in turn, either clears the virus from the infected host or causes immune-mediated host tissue injury. A complex relationship between viral pathogenesis and host antiviral defense could define the immune ecosystem of virus-infected host tissues. Understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying this ecosystem would uncover strategies to modulate host immune function for antiviral therapeutics. This review presents past and present updates of immune-ecological components of virus infected host tissue and explains how viruses subvert the host immune surveillances.
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