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Fukai K, Nishi T, Masujin K, Yamada M, Ikezawa M. Quantitative analysis of viremia and viral shedding in pigs infected experimentally with classical swine fever virus isolates obtained from recent outbreaks in Japan. Vet Res 2023; 54:81. [PMID: 37759265 PMCID: PMC10523739 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although classical swine fever occurred in September 2018 for the first time in 26 years, its virulence is thought to be moderate based on field observations by veterinary authorities and our previous experimental infections. We quantified viremia and viral shedding in pigs infected with recent Japanese classical swine fever virus isolates, as well as a highly virulent strain. The results show that pigs infected with the Japanese strains exhibited lower viremia and viral shedding than those infected with the highly virulent strain. However, horizontal transmission occurred in pigs infected with the Japanese strains, similar to those infected with the highly virulent strain. Additionally, viremia and neuralization antibodies coexisted in pigs infected with the Japanese strains, presenting challenges for control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Fukai
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Kodaira Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 6-20-1 Josui-Honcho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-0022, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Nishi
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Kodaira Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 6-20-1 Josui-Honcho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-0022, Japan
| | - Kentaro Masujin
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Kodaira Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 6-20-1 Josui-Honcho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-0022, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamada
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Ikezawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
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Yi W, Wang H, Qin H, Wang Q, Guo R, Wen G, Pan Z. Construction and efficacy of a new live chimeric C-strain vaccine with DIVA characteristics against classical swine fever. Vaccine 2023; 41:2003-2012. [PMID: 36803898 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
To develop the new classical swine fever (CSF) vaccine candidate with differentiating infected vaccinated animals (DIVA) characteristics, a chimeric CSF virus (CSFV) was constructed based on an infectious cDNA clone of the CSF vaccine C-strain. The 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) and partial E2 region (residues 690-860) of the C-strain were substituted with the corresponding regions of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) to construct the chimeric cDNA clone pC/bUTRs-tE2. The chimeric virus rC/bUTRs-tE2 was generated by several passages of pC/bUTRs-tE2-transfected PK15 cells. Stable growth and genetic properties of rC/bUTRs-tE2 were obtained after 30 serial passages. Compared to parental rC/bUTRs-tE2 (1st passage), two residue mutations (M834K and M979K) located in E2 in rC/bUTRs-tE2 P30 were observed. Compared to the C-strain, rC/bUTRs-tE2 exhibited unchanged cell tropism and decreased plaque-forming ability. Substituting the C-strain UTRs with the BVDV UTRs resulted in significantly increased viral replication in PK15 cells. Compared to CSFV Erns-positive and BVDV tE2-negative antibody responses induced by the CSF vaccine C-strain, immunization of rabbits and piglets with rC/bUTRs-tE2 resulted in serological profiles of CSFV Erns- and BVDV tE2-positive antibodies, which are used to serologically discriminate pigs that are clinically infected and vaccinated. Vaccination of piglets with rC/bUTRs-tE2 conferred complete protection against lethal CSFV challenge. Our results suggest that rC/bUTRs-tE2 is a promising new CSF marker vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Qin Wang
- World Organisation for Animal Health Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Guoyuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zishu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Yuan M, Yang X, Zhang X, Zhao X, Abid M, Qiu HJ, Li Y. Different Types of Vaccines against Pestiviral Infections: "Barriers" for " Pestis". Viruses 2022; 15:2. [PMID: 36680043 PMCID: PMC9860862 DOI: 10.3390/v15010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae mainly comprises classical swine fever virus (CSFV), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, border disease virus (BDV), and multiple new pestivirus species such as atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), giraffe pestivirus, and antelope pestivirus. Pestiviruses cause infectious diseases, resulting in tremendous economic losses to animal husbandry. Different types of pestivirus vaccines have been developed to control and prevent these important animal diseases. In recent years, pestiviruses have shown great potential as viral vectors for developing multivalent vaccines. This review analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various pestivirus vaccines, including live attenuated pestivirus strains, genetically engineered marker pestiviruses, and pestivirus-based multivalent vaccines. This review provides new insights into the development of novel vaccines against emerging pestiviruses, such as APPV and ovine pestivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xiaoke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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Yi W, Zheng F, Zhu H, Wu Y, Wei J, Pan Z. Role of the conserved E2 residue G259 in classical swine fever virus production and replication. Virus Res 2022; 313:198747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Oliva-Cárdenas A, Fernández-Zamora F, Santana-Rodríguez E, Sordo-Puga Y, Vargas-Hernández MDLC, Rodríguez-Moltó MP, Pérez-Pérez D, Sardina-González T, Duarte CA, León-Goñi A, Blanco -Gámez D, Contreras-Pérez F, Valdés-Faure O, Hernández-Prado R, Acosta-Lago E, Sosa-Testé I, Suárez-Pedroso MF. Safety and immunogenicity in piglets of two immunization schedules initiated at two or three weeks of age with PorvacÒ, a classical swine fever subunit marker vaccine. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.03.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease with a significant impact on food production worldwide. It currently represents one of the main limitations for the development of the pig industry in Cuba. PorvacÒ is a subunit marker vaccine that confers a very rapid onset of protection. Since there are different production systems in pig breeding, readjustments in the vaccination program are often required. This study compares the safety and efficacy in piglets of two vaccination schedules with PorvacÒ (0-2 weeks and 0-3 weeks), initiated at two or three weeks of age. Clinical monitoring was conducted, and a neutralization peroxidase-linked assay was used to measure the neutralization titers. All immunization regimens were safe and well-tolerated, without local or systemic adverse reactions in the vaccinated animals. Geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers higher than 1/1500 were detected in all groups during the six months of the trial. One month after the second immunization, piglets primed at two weeks of age, and boostered three weeks later, developed significantly higher neutralization titers (1/15644) compared to those vaccinated at a similar age but with a two-week interval between doses (1/5760). However, no significant differences in the titers were found three and six months after vaccination among the four regimens. In summary, all the variants studied are effective, but it is recommended to start vaccination at two weeks old, with the second dose at either two or three weeks later, depending on the production system and the purpose of the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymé Oliva-Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Apdo 6162, Playa, La Habana 10600, Cuba
| | - Fé Fernández-Zamora
- Centro para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB), Centro de Toxicología Experimental (CETEX), Carretera Tirabeque, Reparto La Unión, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Elaine Santana-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Apdo 6162, Playa, La Habana 10600, Cuba
| | - Yusmel Sordo-Puga
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Apdo 6162, Playa, La Habana 10600, Cuba
| | | | - María P. Rodríguez-Moltó
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Apdo 6162, Playa, La Habana 10600, Cuba
| | - Danny Pérez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Apdo 6162, Playa, La Habana 10600, Cuba
| | - Talia Sardina-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Apdo 6162, Playa, La Habana 10600, Cuba
| | - Carlos A. Duarte
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Apdo 6162, Playa, La Habana 10600, Cuba
| | - Avelina León-Goñi
- Centro para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB), Centro de Toxicología Experimental (CETEX), Carretera Tirabeque, Reparto La Unión, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Diurys Blanco -Gámez
- Centro para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB), Centro de Toxicología Experimental (CETEX), Carretera Tirabeque, Reparto La Unión, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Francisco Contreras-Pérez
- Centro para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB), Centro de Toxicología Experimental (CETEX), Carretera Tirabeque, Reparto La Unión, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Odalys Valdés-Faure
- Centro para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB), Centro de Toxicología Experimental (CETEX), Carretera Tirabeque, Reparto La Unión, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Rosmery Hernández-Prado
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Apdo 6162, Playa, La Habana 10600, Cuba
| | - Eric Acosta-Lago
- Centro para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB), Centro de Toxicología Experimental (CETEX), Carretera Tirabeque, Reparto La Unión, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ileana Sosa-Testé
- Centro para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB), Centro de Toxicología Experimental (CETEX), Carretera Tirabeque, Reparto La Unión, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Marisela F. Suárez-Pedroso
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Apdo 6162, Playa, La Habana 10600, Cuba
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Pérez-Pérez D, Sordo-Puga Y, Rodríguez-Moltó MP, Sardina T, Santana E, Montero C, Ancizar J, Cabrera Y, Tuero Á, Naranjo P, Sosa-Testé I, Fernandez F, Valdés R, Duarte CA, Suárez-Pedroso M. E2-CD154 vaccine candidate is safe and immunogenic in pregnant sows, and the maternal derived neutralizing antibodies protect piglets from classical swine fever virus challenge. Vet Microbiol 2021; 260:109153. [PMID: 34271304 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
E2-CD154 subunit vaccine candidate is safe and protects swine from Classical Swine Fever (CSF). However, its safety and immunogenicity in pregnant sows, and the capacity of maternal derived neutralizing antibodies (MDNA) to protect the offspring is yet to be demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of E2-CD154 in pregnant sows, and the capacity of MDNA to protect the offspring. Seventeen pregnant sows were vaccinated twice with E2-CD154 in either the first or the second third of pregnancy. Pregnancy and litter parameters were compared with a control group of non-vaccinated sows. Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were monitored. The time course of MDNA was assessed in a group of six piglets born to an E2-CD154 immunized sow, and the animals were challenged with CSFV at day 63 after birth. No local or systemic adverse effects were found. Neither abortions, nor congenital malformations, nor stillbirths were observed. All sows develop high NAb titers after the first immunization. Piglets born to an E2-CD154 vaccinated sow still showed MDNA titers of 1:100 at day 63 after birth. Five animals were negative for virus isolation after challenge, and showed neither signs of CSF, nor macroscopic lesions in the organs. The other piglet was positive for CSFV isolation, and macroscopic lesions were observed in the spleen, although no clinical signs of CSF other than fever were detected. E2-CD154 vaccine candidate was safe and immunogenic in pregnant sows, and the passive immunity transmitted to the offspring was still protective by day 63 after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Pérez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba.
| | - Yusmel Sordo-Puga
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez-Moltó
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Talía Sardina
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Elaine Santana
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Carlos Montero
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Julio Ancizar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Porcinas, Guatao, km 1(½), Punta Brava, La Lisa, La Habana, 19200, Cuba
| | - Yaneris Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Porcinas, Guatao, km 1(½), Punta Brava, La Lisa, La Habana, 19200, Cuba
| | - Ángela Tuero
- Dirección de Estudios Clínicos, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - Iliana Sosa-Testé
- Centro de Toxicología Experimental (CETEX), Centro para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB), Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Fé Fernandez
- Centro de Toxicología Experimental (CETEX), Centro para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB), Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Rodolfo Valdés
- Departamento de Producción de Anticuerpos Monoclonales, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Carlos A Duarte
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Marisela Suárez-Pedroso
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
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Early and Solid Protection Afforded by the Thiverval Vaccine Provides Novel Vaccination Alternatives Against Classical Swine Fever Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050464. [PMID: 34066376 PMCID: PMC8148177 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) remains a challenge for the porcine industry. Inefficient vaccination programs in some endemic areas may have contributed to the emergence of low and moderate virulence CSFV variants. This work aimed to expand and update the information about the safety and efficacy of the CSFV Thiverval-strain vaccine. Two groups of pigs were vaccinated, and a contact and control groups were also included. Animals were challenged with a highly virulent CSFV strain at 21- or 5-days post vaccination (dpv). The vaccine induced rapid and strong IFN-α response, mainly in the 5-day immunized group, and no vaccine virus transmission was detected. Vaccinated pigs showed humoral response against CSFV E2 and Erns glycoproteins, with neutralising activity, starting at 14 days post vaccination (dpv). Strong clinical protection was afforded in all the vaccinated pigs as early as 5 dpv. The vaccine controlled viral replication after challenge, showing efficient virological protection in the 21-day immunized pigs despite being housed with animals excreting high CSFV titres. These results demonstrate the high efficacy of the Thiverval strain against CSFV replication. Its early protection capacity makes it a useful alternative for emergency vaccination and a consistent tool for CSFV control worldwide.
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Bohórquez JA, Sozzi E, Wang M, Alberch M, Abad X, Gaffuri A, Lelli D, Rosell R, Pérez LJ, Moreno A, Ganges L. The new emerging ovine pestivirus can infect pigs and confers strong protection against classical swine fever virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1539-1555. [PMID: 33896109 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several emerging pestiviruses have been reported lately, some of which have proved to cause disease. Recently, a new ovine pestivirus (OVPV), isolated from aborted lambs, with high genetic identity to classical swine fever virus (CSFV), has proved to induce reproductive disorders in pregnant ewes. OVPV also generated strong serological and molecular cross-reaction with CSFV. To assess the capacity of OVPV to infect swine, twelve piglets were infected either by intranasal or intramuscular route. Daily clinical evaluation and weekly samplings were performed to determine pathogenicity, viral replication and excretion and induction of immune response. Five weeks later, two pigs from each group were euthanized and tissue samples were collected to study viral replication and distribution. OVPV generated only mild clinical signs in the piglets, including wasting and polyarthritis. The virus was able to replicate, as shown by the RNA levels found in sera and swabs and persisted in tonsil for at least 5 weeks. Viral replication activated the innate and adaptive immunity, evidenced by the induction of interferon-alpha levels early after infection and cross-neutralizing antibodies against CSFV, including humoural response against CSFV E2 and Erns glycoproteins. Close antigenic relation between OVPV and CSFV genotype 2.3 was detected. To determine the OVPV protection against CSFV, the OVPV-infected pigs were challenged with a highly virulent strain. Strong clinical, virological and immunological protection was generated in the OVPV-infected pigs, in direct contrast with the infection control group. Our findings show, for the first time, the OVPV capacity to infect swine, activate immunity, and the robust protection conferred against CSFV. In addition, their genetic and antigenic similarities, the close relationship between both viruses, suggest their possible coevolution as two branches stemming from a shared origin at the same time in two different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrica Sozzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e Dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Alberch
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Abad
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Gaffuri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e Dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e Dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosa Rosell
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament d'Agricultura, Ramadería, Pesca i Alimentació (DARP), Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lester Josue Pérez
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ana Moreno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e Dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
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Research Progress and Challenges in Vaccine Development against Classical Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030445. [PMID: 33801868 PMCID: PMC7998128 DOI: 10.3390/v13030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is one of the most devastating viral epizootic diseases of swine in many countries. To control the disease, highly efficacious and safe live attenuated vaccines have been used for decades. However, the main drawback of these conventional vaccines is the lack of differentiability of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA concept). Advances in biotechnology and our detailed knowledge of multiple basic science disciplines have facilitated the development of effective and safer DIVA vaccines to control CSF. To date, two types of DIVA vaccines have been developed commercially, including the subunit vaccines based on CSFV envelope glycoprotein E2 and chimeric pestivirus vaccines based on infectious cDNA clones of CSFV or bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Although inoculation of these vaccines successfully induces solid immunity against CSFV, none of them could ideally meet all demands regarding to safety, efficacy, DIVA potential, and marketability. Due to the limitations of the available choices, researchers are still striving towards the development of more advanced DIVA vaccines against CSF. This review summarizes the present status of candidate CSFV vaccines that have been developed. The strategies and approaches revealed here may also be helpful for the development of new-generation vaccines against other diseases.
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Suárez-Pedroso M, Sordo-Puga Y, Sosa-Teste I, Rodriguez-Molto MP, Naranjo-Valdés P, Sardina-González T, Santana-Rodríguez E, Montero-Espinosa C, Frías-Laporeaux MT, Fuentes-Rodríguez Y, Pérez-Pérez D, Oliva-Cárdenas A, Pereda CL, González-Fernández N, Bover-Fuentes E, Vargas-Hernández M, Duarte CA, Estrada-García MP. Novel chimeric E2CD154 subunit vaccine is safe and confers long lasting protection against classical swine fever virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 234:110222. [PMID: 33690056 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
E2CD154 is a vaccine candidate against classical swine fever (CSF) based on a chimeric protein composed of the E2 glycoprotein fused to porcine CD154 antigen, and formulated in the oil adjuvant Montanide™ ISA 50 V2. This vaccine confers early protection in pigs and prevents vertical transmission in pregnant sows. The objectives of this study were to assess the safety of this immunogen in piglets, to compare several doses of antigen in the formulation, and to study the duration of the immunity provided by this vaccine for up to 9 months. Three trials were conducted by immunizing pigs with a two-dose regime of the vaccine. Challenge experiments were carried out with the highly pathogenic Margarita strain. No local or systemic adverse effects were documented, and neither macroscopic nor microscopic pathological findings were observed in the vaccinated animals. The three antigen doses explored were safe and induced CSF protective neutralizing antibodies. The dose of 50 μg was selected for further development because it provided the best clinical and virological protection. Finally, this protective immunity was sustained for at least 9 months. This study demonstrates that E2CD154 vaccine is safe; defines a vaccine dose of 50 μg antigen, and evidences the capacity of this vaccine to confer long term protection from CSFV infection for up to 9 months post- vaccination. These findings complement previous data on the evaluation of this vaccine candidate, and suggest that E2CD154 is a promising alternative to modified live vaccines in CSF endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Suárez-Pedroso
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Havana, Cuba.
| | - Yusmel Sordo-Puga
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Iliana Sosa-Teste
- Centro para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB), Centro de Toxicología Experimental (CETEX), Cuba
| | | | | | - Talía Sardina-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Elaine Santana-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Carlos Montero-Espinosa
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Yohandy Fuentes-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Danny Pérez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Ayme Oliva-Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Carmen Laura Pereda
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), Apdo 10, San José de Las Lajas, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nemecio González-Fernández
- Departamento de Desarrollo de Procesos, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Camagüey, Cuba
| | - Eddy Bover-Fuentes
- Departamento de Desarrollo de Procesos, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Camagüey, Cuba
| | - Milagros Vargas-Hernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Carlos A Duarte
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada-García
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
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Porvac ® Subunit Vaccine E2-CD154 Induces Remarkable Rapid Protection against Classical Swine Fever Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020167. [PMID: 33671399 PMCID: PMC7922993 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated C-strain classical swine fever vaccines provide early onset protection. These vaccines confer effective protection against the disease at 5–7 days post-vaccination. It was previously reported that intramuscular administration of the Porvac® vaccine protects against highly virulent classical swine fever virus (CSFV) “Margarita” strain as early as seven days post-vaccination. In order to identify how rapidly protection against CSFV is conferred after a single dose of the Porvac® subunit vaccine E2-CD154, 15 swine, vaccinated with a single dose of Porvac®, were challenged intranasally at five, three, and one day post-vaccination with 2 × 103 LD50 of the highly pathogenic Cuban “Margarita” strain of the classical swine fever virus. Another five animals were the negative control of the experiment. The results provided clinical and virological data confirming protection at five days post-vaccination. Classical swine fever (CSF)-specific IFNγ T cell responses were detected in vaccinated animals but not detected in unvaccinated control animals. These results provided the first data that a subunit protein vaccine demonstrates clinical and viral protection at five days post-vaccination, as modified live vaccines.
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12
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Coronado L, Perera CL, Rios L, Frías MT, Pérez LJ. A Critical Review about Different Vaccines against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Their Repercussions in Endemic Regions. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:154. [PMID: 33671909 PMCID: PMC7918945 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is, without any doubt, one of the most devasting viral infectious diseases affecting the members of Suidae family, which causes a severe impact on the global economy. The reemergence of CSF virus (CSFV) in several countries in America, Asia, and sporadic outbreaks in Europe, sheds light about the serious concern that a potential global reemergence of this disease represents. The negative aspects related with the application of mass stamping out policies, including elevated costs and ethical issues, point out vaccination as the main control measure against future outbreaks. Hence, it is imperative for the scientific community to continue with the active investigations for more effective vaccines against CSFV. The current review pursues to gather all the available information about the vaccines in use or under developing stages against CSFV. From the perspective concerning the evolutionary viral process, this review also discusses the current problematic in CSF-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liani Coronado
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Carmen L. Perera
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Liliam Rios
- Reiman Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada;
| | - María T. Frías
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Lester J. Pérez
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA
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Immunogenicity of E2CD154 Subunit Vaccine Candidate against Classical Swine Fever in Piglets with Different Levels of Maternally Derived Antibodies. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 9:vaccines9010007. [PMID: 33374172 PMCID: PMC7823626 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
E2CD154 is a novel subunit vaccine candidate against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). It contains the E2 envelope protein from CSFV fused to the porcine CD154 molecule formulated in the oil adjuvant MontanideTM ISA50 V2. Previous works evidenced the safety and immunogenicity of this candidate. Here, two other important parameters related to vaccine efficacy were assessed. First, the existence of high maternally derived antibody (MDA) titers in piglets born to sows vaccinated with E2CD154 was demonstrated. These MDA titers remained above 1:200 during the first seven weeks of life. To assess whether the titers interfere with active vaccination, 79 piglets from sows immunized with either E2CD154 or a modified live vaccine were vaccinated with E2CD154 following a 0–21-day biphasic schedule. Animals immunized at either 15, 21, or 33 days of age responded to vaccination by eliciting protective neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers higher than 1:600, with a geometric mean of 1:4335, one week after the booster. Those protective levels of NAb were sustained up to six months of age. No vaccination-related adverse effects were described. As a conclusion, E2CD154 is able to induce protective NAb in piglets with different MDA levels and at different days of age.
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14
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Adjuvants for swine vaccines: Mechanisms of actions and adjuvant effects. Vaccine 2020; 38:6659-6681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Decrypting the Origin and Pathogenesis in Pregnant Ewes of a New Ovine Pestivirus Closely Related to Classical Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070775. [PMID: 32709168 PMCID: PMC7411581 DOI: 10.3390/v12070775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study shows the origin and the pathogenic role of a novel ovine pestivirus (OVPV) isolated in 2017 in Italy, as a pathogenic agent causing severe abortions after infection in pregnant ewes and high capacity for virus trans-placental transmission as well as the birth of lambs suffering OVPV-persistent infection. The OVPV infection induced early antibody response detected by the specific ELISA against classical swine fever virus (CSFV), another important virus affecting swine. The neutralizing antibody response were similar against CSFV strains from genotype 2 and the OVPV. These viruses showed high identity in the B/C domain of the E2-glycoprotein. Close molecular diagnostics cross-reactivity between CSFV and OVPV was found and a new OVPV molecular assay was developed. The phylodynamic analysis showed that CSFV seems to have emerged as the result of an inter-species jump of Tunisian sheep virus (TSV) from sheep to pigs. The OVPV and the CSFV share the TSV as a common ancestor, emerging around 300 years ago. This suggests that the differentiation of TSV into two dangerous new viruses for animal health (CSFV and OVPV) was likely favored by human intervention for the close housing of multiple species for intensive livestock production.
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16
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Bohórquez JA, Muñoz-González S, Pérez-Simó M, Muñoz I, Rosell R, Coronado L, Domingo M, Ganges L. Foetal Immune Response Activation and High Replication Rate during Generation of Classical Swine Fever Congenital Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040285. [PMID: 32295279 PMCID: PMC7238013 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) induces trans-placental transmission and congenital viral persistence; however, the available information is not updated. Three groups of sows were infected at mid-gestation with either a high, moderate or low virulence CSFV strains. Foetuses from sows infected with high or low virulence strain were obtained before delivery and piglets from sows infected with the moderate virulence strain were studied for 32 days after birth. The low virulence strain generated lower CSFV RNA load and the lowest proportion of trans-placental transmission. Severe lesions and mummifications were observed in foetuses infected with the high virulence strain. Sows infected with the moderately virulence strain showed stillbirths and mummifications, one of them delivered live piglets, all CSFV persistently infected. Efficient trans-placental transmission was detected in sows infected with the high and moderate virulence strain. The trans-placental transmission occurred before the onset of antibody response, which started at 14 days after infection in these sows and was influenced by replication efficacy of the infecting strain. Fast and solid immunity after sow vaccination is required for prevention of congenital viral persistence. An increase in the CD8+ T-cell subset and IFN-alpha response was found in viremic foetuses, or in those that showed higher viral replication in tissue, showing the CSFV recognition capacity by the foetal immune system after trans-placental infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Bohórquez
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (S.M.-G.); (M.P.-S.); (I.M.); (R.R.); (L.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Sara Muñoz-González
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (S.M.-G.); (M.P.-S.); (I.M.); (R.R.); (L.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Marta Pérez-Simó
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (S.M.-G.); (M.P.-S.); (I.M.); (R.R.); (L.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Iván Muñoz
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (S.M.-G.); (M.P.-S.); (I.M.); (R.R.); (L.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Rosa Rosell
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (S.M.-G.); (M.P.-S.); (I.M.); (R.R.); (L.C.); (M.D.)
- Departament d’Agricultura, Ramadería, Pesca, Alimentació I Medi Natural i Rural (DAAM), 08007 Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Liani Coronado
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (S.M.-G.); (M.P.-S.); (I.M.); (R.R.); (L.C.); (M.D.)
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), Mayabeque 32700, Cuba
| | - Mariano Domingo
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (S.M.-G.); (M.P.-S.); (I.M.); (R.R.); (L.C.); (M.D.)
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària (SDPV), Departament de Sanitat I d’Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (S.M.-G.); (M.P.-S.); (I.M.); (R.R.); (L.C.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Coronado L, Bohórquez JA, Muñoz-González S, Perez LJ, Rosell R, Fonseca O, Delgado L, Perera CL, Frías MT, Ganges L. Investigation of chronic and persistent classical swine fever infections under field conditions and their impact on vaccine efficacy. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:247. [PMID: 31307464 PMCID: PMC6632193 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have hypothesized that circulation of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) variants when the immunity induced by the vaccine is not sterilizing might favour viral persistence. Likewise, in addition to congenital viral persistence, CSFV has also been proven to generate postnatal viral persistence. Under experimental conditions, postnatal persistently infected pigs were unable to elicit a specific immune response to a CSFV live attenuated vaccine via the mechanism known as superinfection exclusion (SIE). Here, we study whether subclinical forms of classical swine fever (CSF) may be present in a conventional farm in an endemic country and evaluate vaccine efficacy under these types of infections in field conditions. Results Six litters born from CSF-vaccinated gilts were randomly chosen from a commercial Cuban farm at 33 days of age (weaning). At this time, the piglets were vaccinated with a lapinized live attenuated CSFV C-strain vaccine. Virological and immunological analyses were performed before and after vaccination. The piglets were clinically healthy at weaning; however, 82% were viraemic, and the rectal swabs in most of the remaining 18% were positive. Only five piglets from one litter showed a specific antibody response. The tonsils and rectal swabs of five sows were CSFV positive, and only one of the sows showed an antibody response. After vaccination, 98% of the piglets were unable to clear the virus and to seroconvert, and some of the piglets showed polyarthritis and wasting after 36 days post vaccination. The CSFV E2 glycoprotein sequences recovered from one pig per litter were the same. The amino acid positions 72(R), 20(L) and 195(N) of E2 were identified in silico as positions associated with adaptive advantage. Conclusions Circulation of chronic and persistent CSF infections was demonstrated in field conditions under a vaccination programme. Persistent infection was predominant. Here, we provide evidence that, in field conditions, subclinical infections are not detected by clinical diagnosis and, despite being infected with CSFV, the animals are vaccinated, rather than diagnosed and eliminated. These animals are refractory to vaccination, likely due to the SIE phenomenon. Improvement of vaccination strategies and diagnosis of subclinical forms of CSF is imperative for CSF eradication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1982-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liani Coronado
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Jose Alejandro Bohórquez
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sara Muñoz-González
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lester Josue Perez
- University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, 61802, United States
| | - Rosa Rosell
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament d'Agricultura Ramaderia i Pesca (DARP), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Fonseca
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Laiyen Delgado
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Carmen Laura Perera
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Maria Teresa Frías
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Lentiviral-mediated delivery of classical swine fever virus Erns gene into porcine kidney-15 cells for production of recombinant ELISA diagnostic antigen. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3865-3876. [PMID: 31016614 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), a member of the Pestivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family causes contagious fatal disease in swine. Antibodies against E2, Erns and NS3 proteins of virus can be detected in infected animals. Development of an ELISA coating antigen to improve the sensitivity of detecting Erns-specific antibodies in pig sera is always desirable for diagnosis as well as for differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals. In present study, a lentivirus-based gene delivery system was used to develop a stable PK-15 cell line expressing Erns (PK-Erns) for production of diagnostic antigen. The Lenti-Erns virus was purified from the supernatant of co-transfected 293LTV cells and used to transduce PK-15 cells. The homogenous PK-Erns cell line was produced by single cell cloning by monitoring eGFP expression. The Erns gene in the genomic DNA and RNA transcripts in total RNA isolated from PK-Erns cells were detected by PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Expression of 45 kDa Erns glycoprotein was detected in western blot using CSFV-specific hyperimmune sera. The use of PK-Erns cell lysate as antigen in serial dilution and single dilution ELISAs with known positive and negative pig sera was investigated. The PK-Erns ELISA revealed sensitivity equivalent to commercial HerdChek ELISA kit. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the PK-Erns ELISA was 95%, 100% and 96.66%, respectively compared to ELISA using purified CSFV as coating antigen. When field pig sera (n = 69) were tested in PK-Erns ELISA, a significant correlation between the titers from serial dilution and single dilution ELISA was observed. This indicated that PK-Erns cell line can serve as continuous source of ELISA diagnostic antigen for detection of CSFV-specific antibodies in pig sera.
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19
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Henke J, Carlson J, Zani L, Leidenberger S, Schwaiger T, Schlottau K, Teifke JP, Schröder C, Beer M, Blome S. Protection against transplacental transmission of moderately virulent classical swine fever virus using live marker vaccine "CP7_E2alf". Vaccine 2018; 36:4181-4187. [PMID: 29895502 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) remains as one of the most important infectious diseases of swine. While prophylactic vaccination is usually prohibited in free countries with industrialized pig production, emergency vaccination is still foreseen. In this context, marker vaccines are preferred as they can reduce the impact on trade. The live-attenuated Suvaxyn® CSF Marker vaccine by Zoetis (based on pestivirus chimera "CP7_E2alf"), was recently licensed by the European Medicines Agency. Its efficacy for the individual animal had been shown in prior studies, but questions remained regarding protection against transplacental transmission. To answer this question, a trial with eight pregnant sows and their offspring was performed as prescribed by the OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Six of the sows were intramuscularly vaccinated on day 44 of gestation, while the other two remained as unvaccinated controls. All sows were challenged with the moderately virulent CSFV strain "Roesrath" and euthanized shortly before the calculated farrowing date. Sows and piglets were grossly examined and necropsied. Organs (spleen, tonsil, lymph node, and kidney), EDTA-blood and serum were collected from all animals. All samples were tested for antibodies against CSFV glycoproteins E2 and Erns as well as CSFV (virus, antigen and genome). It could be demonstrated that the vaccine complies with all requirements, i.e. no virus was found in the blood of vaccinated sows and their fetuses, and no antibodies were found in the serum of the fetuses from the vaccinated sows. All controls were valid. Thus, it was demonstrated that a single dose vaccination in the sows efficiently protected the offspring against transplacental infection with a moderately virulent CSFV strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Henke
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jolene Carlson
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Laura Zani
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Simone Leidenberger
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Theresa Schwaiger
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany; Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kore Schlottau
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jens P Teifke
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandra Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
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