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Liao C, Chen Y, Yan Z, Song Y, Zhou Q, Zhu P, He X, Li W, Chen F. Development of a rapid quantitative method to differentiate MS1 vaccine strain from wild-type Mycoplasma synoviae. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1354548. [PMID: 38496312 PMCID: PMC10940412 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1354548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an economically important pathogen in the poultry industry. Vaccination is an effective method to prevent and control MS infections. Currently two live attenuated MS vaccines are commercially available, the temperature-sensitive MS-H vaccine strain and the NAD-independent MS1 vaccine strain. Differentiation of vaccine strains from wild-type (WT) strains is crucial for monitoring MS infection, especially after vaccination. In this study, we developed a Taqman duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to identify MS1 vaccine strains from WT strains. The method was specific and did not cross-react with other avian pathogens. The sensitivity assay indicated that no inhibition occurred between probes or between mixed and pure templates in duplex real-time PCR. Compared with the melt-based mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA), our method was more sensitive and rapid. In conclusion, the Taqman duplex real-time PCR method is a useful method for the diagnosis and differentiation of WT-MS and MS1 vaccine strains in a single reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtao Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, China
| | - Yiquan Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, China
| | - Yiwei Song
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, China
| | - Puduo Zhu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, China
| | - Xudong He
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Genomic Diversity of a Globally Used, Live Attenuated Mycoplasma Vaccine. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0284522. [PMID: 36318012 PMCID: PMC9769879 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02845-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycoplasma synoviae live attenuated vaccine strain MS-H (Vaxsafe MS; Bioproperties Pty., Ltd., Australia) is commonly used around the world to prevent chronic infections caused by M. synoviae in birds and to minimize economic losses in the poultry industry. MS-H is a temperature-sensitive strain that is generated via the chemical mutagenesis of a virulent M. synoviae isolate, 86079/7NS. 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms have been found in the genome of MS-H compared to that of 86079/7NS, including 25 in predicted coding sequences (CDSs). There is limited information on the stability of these mutations in MS-H in vitro during the propagation of the vaccine manufacturing process or in vivo after the vaccination of chickens. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of MS-H genomes after in vitro and in vivo passages under different circumstances. Studying the dynamics of the MS-H population can provide insights into the factors that potentially affect the health of vaccinated birds. The genomes of 11 in vitro laboratory passages and 138 MS-H bird reisolates contained a total of 254 sequence variations. Of these, 39 variations associated with CDSs were detected in more than one genome (range = 2 to 62, median = 2.5), suggesting that these sequences are particularly prone to mutations. From the 25 CDSs containing previously characterized variations between MS-H and 86079/7NS, 7 were identified in the MS-H reisolates and progenies examined here. In conclusion, the MS-H genome contains individual regions that are prone to mutations that enable the restoration of the genotype or the phenotype of wild-type 86079/7NS in those regions. However, accumulated mutations in these regions are rare. IMPORTANCE Preventative measures, such as vaccination, are commonly used for the control of mycoplasmal infections in poultry. A live attenuated vaccine strain (Vaxsafe MS; MS-H; Bioproperties Pty. Ltd., Australia) is used for the prevention of disease caused by M. synoviae in many countries. However, information on the stability of previously characterized mutations in the MS-H genome is limited. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the whole-genome sequences of MS-H seeds used for vaccine manufacturing, commercial batches of the vaccine, cultures minimally passaged under small-scale laboratory and large-scale manufacturing conditions, MS-H reisolated from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens that were vaccinated under controlled conditions, and MS-H reisolated from vaccinated commercial poultry flocks around the world. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of genome stability in MS-H after in vitro and in vivo passages under different circumstances and suggests that most of the mutations in the attenuated MS-H vaccine strain are stable.
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Feberwee A, de Wit S, Dijkman R. Clinical expression, epidemiology and monitoring of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae: an update. Avian Pathol 2021; 51:2-18. [PMID: 34142880 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1944605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are of clinical and economic importance for the global poultry industry. Many countries and integrations are involved in monitoring programs to control both mycoplasma species. This review provides an extensive historic overview of the last seven decades on the development of the knowledge regarding the factors that influence the clinical expression of the disease, the epidemiology and monitoring of both MG and MS. This includes the detection of new virulent strains, studies unravelling the transmission routes, survival characteristics and the role of other avian hosts. Also the role of molecular typing tests in unravelling epidemiology, and factors that complicate the interpretation of test results such as heterologous mycoplasma infections, use of heterologous oil-emulsion vaccines, use of antibiotic treatments, occurrence of MG and MS strains with low virulence, and last but not least the use of live and/or inactivated MG and MS vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sjaak de Wit
- Royal GD, Deventer, the Netherlands.,Department of Farm Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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4
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Xu B, Chen X, Lu F, Sun Y, Sun H, Zhang J, Shen L, Pan Q, Liu C, Zhang X. Comparative Genomics of Mycoplasma synoviae and New Targets for Molecular Diagnostics. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:640067. [PMID: 33681335 PMCID: PMC7933220 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.640067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma synoviae is an important pathogen of poultry, causing significant economic losses in this industry. Analysis of the unique genes and shared genes among different M. synoviae strains and among related species is helpful for studying the molecular pathogenesis of M. synoviae and provides valuable molecular diagnostic targets to facilitate the identification of M. synoviae species. We selected a total of 46 strains, including six M. synoviae strains, from 25 major animal (including avian) Mycoplasma species/subspecies that had complete genome sequences and annotation information published in GenBank, and used them for comparative genomic analysis. After analysis, 16 common genes were found in the 46 strains. Thirteen single-copy core genes and the 16s rRNA genes were used for genetic evolutionary analysis. M. synoviae was found to have a distant evolutionary relationship not only with other arthritis-causing mycoplasmas, but also with another major avian pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, that shares the major virulence factor vlhA with M. synoviae. Subsequently, six unique coding genes were identified as shared among these M. synoviae strains that are absent in other species with published genome sequences. Two of the genes were found to be located in the genetically stable regions of the genomes of M. synoviae and were determined to be present in all M. synoviae isolated strains (n = 20) and M. synoviae-positive clinical samples (n = 48) preserved in our laboratory. These two genes were used as molecular diagnostic targets for which SYBR green quantitative PCR detection methods were designed. The two quantitative PCR methods exhibited good reproducibility and high specificity when tested on positive plasmid controls and genomic DNA extracted from different M. synoviae strains, other major avian pathogenic bacteria/mycoplasmas, and low pathogenic Mycoplasma species. The detection limit for the two genes was 10 copies or less per reaction. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the quantitative PCR methods were both 100% based on testing chicken hock joint samples with positive or negative M. synoviae infection. This research provides a foundation for the study of species-specific differences and molecular diagnosis of M. synoviae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huawei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Liya Shen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qunxing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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5
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Kordafshari S, Shil P, Marenda MS, Olaogun OM, Konsak-Ilievski B, Disint J, Noormohammadi AH. Preliminary comparative analysis of the genomes of selected field reisolates of the Mycoplasma synoviae vaccine strain MS-H reveals both stable and unstable mutations after passage in vivo. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:598. [PMID: 32859151 PMCID: PMC7456371 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic comparison of Mycoplasma synoviae vaccine strain MS-H and the MS-H parental strain 86,079/7NS established a preliminary profile of genes related to attenuation of MS-H. In this study we aimed to identify the stability of mutations found in MS-H after passage in experimental or field chickens, and to evaluate if any reverse mutation may be associated with changes in characteristics of MS-H in vitro or in vivo. Results Whole genome sequence analysis of 5 selected MS-H field reisolates revealed that out of 32 mutations reported previously in MS-H, 28 remained stable, while four found to be reversible to the wild-type. Each isolate possessed mutations in one to three of the genes obg, oppF1 and gap and/or a non-coding region. Examination of the 4 reversible mutations by protein modeling predicted that only two of them (in obg and oppF1 genes) could potentially restore the function of the respective protein to that of the wild-type. Conclusions These results suggest that the majority of the MS-H mutations are stable after passage in vaccinated chickens. Characterisation of stable mutations found in MS-H could be utilised to develop rapid diagnostic techniques for differentiation of vaccine from field strains or ts- MS-H reisolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kordafshari
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
| | - Pollob Shil
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - Marc S Marenda
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - Olusola M Olaogun
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - Barbara Konsak-Ilievski
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - Jillian Disint
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
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6
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Kordafshari S, Marenda MS, Agnew R, Shil P, Shahid MA, Marth C, Konsak BM, Noormohammadi AH. Complementation of the Mycoplasma synoviae MS-H vaccine strain with wild-type oppF1 influences its growth characteristics. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:275-285. [PMID: 32054292 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1729957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) vaccine strain MS-H harbours a frameshift mutation in oppF1 (oligopeptide permease transporter) which results in expression of a truncated OppF1. The effect of this mutation on growth and attenuation of the MS-H is unknown. In this study, the impact of the mutation on the vaccine phenotype was investigated in vitro by introducing a wild-type copy of oppF1 gene in the MS-H genome. Wild-type oppF1 was cloned under the vlhA promoter into an oriC vector carrying a tetracycline resistance gene. MS-H was successfully transformed with the final construct pMS-oppF1-tetM or with a similar vector lacking oppF1 coding sequence (pMS-tetM). The MS-H transformed with pMS-oppF1-tetM exhibited smaller colony size than MS-H transformed with pMS-tetM. Monospecific rabbit sera against C-terminus of OppF1 detected bands of expected size for full-length OppF1 in the 86079/7NS parental strain of MS-H and the MS-H transformed with pMS-oppF1-tetM, but not in MS-H and MS-H transformed with pMS-tetM. Comparison of the growth curve of MS-H transformants harvested from media with/without tetracycline was conducted using vlhA Q-PCR which revealed that MS-H transformed with pMS-tetM had a higher growth rate than MS-H transformed with pMS-oppF1-tetM in the media with/without tetracycline. Lastly, the whole genome sequencing of MS-H transformed with pMS-oppF1-tetM (passage 27) showed that the chromosomal copy of the mutated oppF1 had been replaced with a wild-type version of the gene. This study reveals that the truncation of oppF1 impacts on growth characteristics of the MS-H and provides insight into the molecular pathogenesis of MS and perhaps broader mycoplasma species.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS The full-length OppF1 was expressed in Mycoplasma synoviae MS-H vaccine.Truncation of oppF1 impacts on growth characteristics of the MS-H.Chromosomal copy of the mutated oppF1 in MS-H was replaced with wild-type oppF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kordafshari
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - Marc S Marenda
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - Rebecca Agnew
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - Pollob Shil
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - Muhammad A Shahid
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Christina Marth
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - Barbara M Konsak
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
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7
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Wu Q, Xu X, Chen Q, Zuo K, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Kan Y, Yao L, Ji J, Bi Y, Xie Q. Rapid and visible detection of Mycoplasma synoviae using a novel polymerase spiral reaction assay. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5355-5360. [PMID: 31222371 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a rapid, specific, and sensitive detection assay for Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) was established using a polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) method. A pair of primers were designed according to the conserved region of the vlhA gene of MS, and PSR results were assessed using agarose gel electrophoresis and color rendering with a dye indicator. The optimum reaction temperature and time for PSR using the specific primers were 62°C and 40 min in a water bath, respectively. The sensitivity of the PSR assay for MS detection was 100 times more than that of the polymerase chain reaction assay based on agarose gel electrophoresis results and color change detected by the naked eye. Further experiments demonstrated that the primers specifically detected MS and showed no cross-reaction with other prevalent avian pathogens. Clinical sample testing confirmed that the MS-PSR assay is simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive, and thereby very suitable for application and promotion in the field and laboratories of grassroots units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Qinxi Chen
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Kejing Zuo
- Veterinary Laboratory, Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yiting Zhou
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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8
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Zhu L, Shahid MA, Markham J, Browning GF, Noormohammadi AH, Marenda MS. Comparative genomic analyses of Mycoplasma synoviae vaccine strain MS-H and its wild-type parent strain 86079/7NS: implications for the identification of virulence factors and applications in diagnosis of M. synoviae. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:537-548. [PMID: 31244324 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1637514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma synoviae is an economically important avian pathogen worldwide, causing respiratory disease, infectious synovitis, airsacculitis and eggshell apex abnormalities in commercial chickens. Despite the widespread use of MS-H as a live attenuated vaccine over the past two decades, the precise molecular basis for loss of virulence in this vaccine is not yet fully understood. To address this, the whole genome sequence of the vaccine parent strain, 86079/7NS, was obtained and compared to that of the MS-H vaccine. Except for the vlhA expressed region, both genomes were nearly identical. Thirty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in MS-H, including 11 non-synonymous mutations that were predicted, by bioinformatics analysis, to have changed the secondary structure of the deduced proteins. One of these mutations caused truncation of the oppF-1 gene, which encodes the ATP-binding protein of an oligopeptide permease transporter. Overall, the attenuation of MS-H strain may be caused by the cumulative and complex effects of several mutations. The SNPs identified in MS-H were further analyzed by comparing the MS-H and 86079/7NS sequences with the strains WVU-1853 and MS53. In the genomic regions conserved between all strains, 30 SNPs were found to be unique to MS-H lineage. These results have provided a foundation for developing novel biomarkers for the detection of virulence in M. synoviae and also for designing new genotyping assays for discrimination of MS-H from field strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, the University of Melbourne , Werribee , Australia
| | - Muhammad A Shahid
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
| | - John Markham
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, the University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Glenn F Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, the University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, the University of Melbourne , Werribee , Australia
| | - Marc S Marenda
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, the University of Melbourne , Werribee , Australia
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9
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Kordafshari S, Marenda MS, O'Rourke D, Shil P, Noormohammadi AH. Mutation of oppF gene in the Mycoplasma synoviae MS-H vaccine strain and its implication for differential serological responses to vaccination versus field challenge. Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:48-55. [PMID: 30955823 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is a major pathogen of poultry globally, causing chronic respiratory disease and arthritis. Vaccination is an effective means for the control of the disease. The MS-H vaccine is an attenuated strain developed through chemical mutagenesis of an Australian field strain, 86079/7NS. Analysis of whole genome of MS-H and its comparison with that of 86079/7NS has revealed a frameshift mutation early in a gene (oppF) that codes for an oligopeptide transporter permease, OppF. Monospecific antibodies raised against peptides upstream and downstream of the mutation in OppF revealed that only N-terminus of the OppF was expressed in MS-H while the full version was expressed in 86079/7NS. Also, examination of the recombinant N- (OppF-N) and C termini (OppF-C) of OppF, upstream and downstream of the mutation site respectively, as well as the full length OppF in Western immunoblotting experiments showed that serum from MS-H vaccinated chicken strongly bound OppF-N while serum from 86079/7NS challenged chicken detected OppF, OppF-N and OppF-C. The potential of the recombinant OppF, OppF-N and OppF-C to discriminate antibody responses to MS-H reisolates with wild or vaccine type OppF was assessed against 88 chicken sera in indirect ELISA and ratios were calculated between optical densities (OD) over those obtained in MS major membrane protein MSPB ELISA. Comparison of the OD ratios revealed that the MSPB/OppF and MSPB/OppF-C OD ratios of the sera against isolates with vaccine type OppF were significantly higher than those against isolates with wild type OppF. These results are in accordance with oppF gene mutation in MS-H and confirms that MS-H does not express OppF beyond the frame shift mutation found in its oppF gene. Also, the indirect ELISA based on OppF-C in combination with the MSPB has the potential to differentiate between MS-H and field strain antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kordafshari
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
| | - Marc S Marenda
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - Denise O'Rourke
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - Pollob Shil
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
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10
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Moronato ML, Cecchinato M, Facchetti G, Mainenti M, Gobbo F, Catania S. Application of different laboratory techniques to monitor the behaviour of a Mycoplasma synoviae vaccine (MS-H) in broiler breeders. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:357. [PMID: 30458824 PMCID: PMC6245925 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is a major poultry pathogen which causes severe economic losses in all the productive sectors. The prevalence of MS in European countries has increased in the last few years, leading to greater attention to the available methods to prevent its spread. The main strategy currently applied for its containment is the development and maintenance of MS-free breeder flocks. A live MS vaccine (MS-H) obtained by mutagenizing an Australian field strain has recently been introduced in Italy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vaccine behaviour in broiler breeder groups at different production stages and the effectiveness of the available laboratory tests in discriminating the MS-H from a field strain. Results The vaccine diffused extensively through the population, shown by the wide serological response (over 80% of positive samples in RSA and 85% in ELISA), the high serological titres, the positivity of all the tracheal samples collected during the production phase by MS PCR and the positivity by cultivation from tracheal swabs at the end-point (55 weeks after vaccination). In contrast, only one swab from a sternal bursa was positive in MS PCR, while all the joint and oviduct samples were negative. There was no evidence of vertical transmission. Different genotyping techniques were used to achieve a clear classification of the MS positive samples. The vlhA and the obg gene analysis showed that most of the strains were homologous with the vaccine, but some ambiguous samples were further investigated with the multi locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme which confirmed the homology. Conclusions The development of a multi-technique approach to monitor vaccinated avian flocks, based both on serological and biomolecular methods, is advised as well as the use of effective genotyping techniques to analyse the MS strains circulating in high densely populated poultry areas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1669-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Moronato
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health - MAPS, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020. Legnaro, Padova, Italy. .,Avian Medicine Laboratory Mycoplasma Unit - SCT1, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020. Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - M Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health - MAPS, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020. Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - G Facchetti
- Veterinary practitioner. Avicola Alimentare Monteverde SRL. Via San Donato, 107, 25038. Rovato, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Mainenti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Verona, SCT1, Via S. Giacomo 5, 37135, Verona, Italy
| | - F Gobbo
- Avian Medicine Laboratory Mycoplasma Unit - SCT1, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020. Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - S Catania
- Avian Medicine Laboratory Mycoplasma Unit - SCT1, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020. Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Fakhri O, Hartley CA, Devlin JM, Browning GF, Noormohammadi AH, Lee SW. Development and application of high-resolution melting analysis for the classification of infectious laryngotracheitis virus strains and detection of recombinant progeny. Arch Virol 2018; 164:427-438. [PMID: 30421085 PMCID: PMC6373279 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) are widely used in the poultry industry to control disease and help prevent economic losses. Molecular epidemiological studies of currently circulating strains of ILTV within poultry flocks in Australia have demonstrated the presence of highly virulent viruses generated by genomic recombination events between vaccine strains. In this study, high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was used to develop a tool to classify ILTV isolates and to investigate ILTV recombination. The assay was applied to plaque-purified progeny viruses generated after co-infection of chicken embryo kidney (CEK) monolayers with the A20 and Serva ILT vaccine strains and also to viruses isolated from field samples. The results showed that the HRM analysis is a suitable tool for the classification of ILTV isolates and can be used to detect recombination between ILTV vaccine strains in vitro. This method can be used to classify a broad range of ILTV strains to facilitate the classification and genotyping of ILTV and help to further understand recombination in these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Fakhri
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Carol A Hartley
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne M Devlin
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn F Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kreizinger Z, Sulyok KM, Bekő K, Kovács ÁB, Grózner D, Felde O, Marton S, Bányai K, Catania S, Benčina D, Gyuranecz M. Genotyping Mycoplasma synoviae: Development of a multi-locus variable number of tandem-repeats analysis and comparison with current molecular typing methods. Vet Microbiol 2018; 226:41-49. [PMID: 30389042 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Control of one of the most important avian mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma synoviae, and tracing the spread of the infection can be challenging as the pathogen is transmissible by both horizontal and vertical routes, and it can be disseminated through long distances via the hatching eggs, day-old chicks or pullets during intensive international trade. Genetic information provided by molecular typing methods support control programmes and epizootiologic studies. The aims of the present study were to develop a multi-locus variable number of tandem-repeats analysis (MLVA) method for the typing of M. synoviae isolates and to evaluate the currently used molecular typing methods which are applicable directly on clinical samples. Tandem repeat (TR) regions were selected from the whole genome sequence of the M. synoviae type strain (WVU1853) to characterise the genetic diversity of 86 M. synoviae strains originating from 15 countries. The strains were also submitted to multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) assays, vlhA gene sequence analysis and to assays designed to differentiate live vaccine strains from field strains. The developed MLVA involves the examination of seven TR regions and provides similar genetic resolution as the tested MLST assays by identifying 35 genotypes among the tested strains. Differentiation of the live vaccine strains from field strains was also successful with the developed assay. The provided MLVA method proved to be a highly discriminative, rapid and cost-effective alternative typing technique for the genetic characterisation of M. synoviae and it is also suitable for the complementation of live vaccine strain differentiating assays in ambiguous cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Kreizinger
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1143, Budapest, Hungária krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Kinga M Sulyok
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1143, Budapest, Hungária krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Katinka Bekő
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1143, Budapest, Hungária krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Áron B Kovács
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1143, Budapest, Hungária krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Dénes Grózner
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1143, Budapest, Hungária krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Felde
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1143, Budapest, Hungária krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Szilvia Marton
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1143, Budapest, Hungária krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1143, Budapest, Hungária krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Salvatore Catania
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Dušan Benčina
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, SI-1230, Domžale, Slovenia.
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1143, Budapest, Hungária krt. 21., Hungary; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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