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Tuo T, Chen D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Ge X, Han J, Guo X, Yang H. Infection of PRRSV inhibits CSFV C-strain replication by inducing macrophages polarization to M1. Vet Microbiol 2024; 289:109957. [PMID: 38160508 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
It is a common sense that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection could cause immune failure of classical swine fever (CSF) vaccine, and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) are the target cells of both. To elucidate the role of macrophage polarization in PRRSV infection induced CSF vaccine failure, an immortal porcine alveolar macrophage line PAM39 cell line was used to investigate the effect of PRRSV or/and CSFV C-strain (CSFV-C) infection on macrophage polarization in vitro. Interestingly, PRRSV single infection or PRRSV co-infection with CSFV-C promoted PAM39 cells to M1, while CSFV-C single infection induced PAM39 cells to M2. After the construction of M1 and M2 PAM39 cells polarization models, M1 polarized PAM39 cells were found to inhibit the replication of CSFV-C, and Chinese medicine such as matrine, ginsenosides and astragalus polysaccharides could alleviate the polarization of PAM39 cells and the replication of CSFV-C. Furthermore, interferon (IFN)-γ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) co-stimulation induced NF-κB activation while matrine treatment blocked M1 polarization-induced NF-κB pathway activation. These findings provided a theoretical basis for designing a new strategy to improve the immune effect of CSFV-C based on porcine alveolar macrophage polarization subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbei Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengjin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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2
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Balakrishnan P, Arasu A, Velusamy T. Targeting altered calcium homeostasis and uncoupling protein-2 promotes sensitivity in drug-resistant breast cancer cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23575. [PMID: 37920924 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer has the highest mortality rate among women owing to its poor clinical outcomes. Metastatic tumors pose challenges for treatment through conventional surgery or radiotherapy because of their diverse organ localization and resistance to various cytotoxic agents. Chemoresistance is a significant obstacle to effective breast cancer treatment owing to cancer's heterogeneous nature. Abnormalities in intracellular calcium signaling, coupled with altered mitochondrial metabolism, play a significant role in facilitating drug resistance and contribute to therapy resistance. Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) is considered as a marker of chemoresistance and is believed to play a major role in promoting metabolic shifts and tumor metastasis. In this context, it is imperative to understand the roles of altered calcium signaling and metabolic switching in the development of chemotherapeutic resistance. This study investigates the roles of UCP2 and intracellular calcium signaling (Ca2+ ) in promoting chemoresistance against cisplatin. Additionally, we explored the effectiveness of combining genipin (GP, a compound that reverses UCP2-mediated chemoresistance) and thapsigargin (TG, a calcium signaling modulator) in treating highly metastatic breast cancers. Our findings indicate that both aberrant Ca2+ signaling and metabolic shifts in cancer cells contribute to developing drug-resistant phenotypes, and the combination treatment of GP and TG significantly enhances drug sensitivity in these cells. Collectively, our study underscores the potential of these drug combinations as an effective approach to overcome drug resistance in chemoresistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ashok Arasu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Velusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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3
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Marongiu L, Burkard M, Helling T, Biendl M, Venturelli S. Modulation of the replication of positive-sense RNA viruses by the natural plant metabolite xanthohumol and its derivatives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37942943 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2275169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of identifying new potent antiviral agents. Nutrients as well as plant-derived substances are promising candidates because they are usually well tolerated by the human body and readily available in nature, and consequently mostly cheap to produce. A variety of antiviral effects have recently been described for the hop chalcone xanthohumol (XN), and to a lesser extent for its derivatives, making these hop compounds particularly attractive for further investigation. Noteworthy, mounting evidence indicated that XN can suppress a wide range of viruses belonging to several virus families, all of which share a common reproductive cycle. As a result, the purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent research on the antiviral properties of XN and its derivatives, with a particular emphasis on the positive-sense RNA viruses human hepatitis C virus (HCV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marongiu
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- HoLMiR-Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Burkard
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Helling
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Biendl
- HHV Hallertauer Hopfenveredelungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Mainburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Percaccio E, De Angelis M, Acquaviva A, Nicotra G, Ferrante C, Mazzanti G, Di Giacomo S, Nencioni L, Di Sotto A. ECHOPvir: A Mixture of Echinacea and Hop Extracts Endowed with Cytoprotective, Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Properties. Nutrients 2023; 15:4380. [PMID: 37892456 PMCID: PMC10609862 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections continue to pose significant challenges, particularly for more susceptible and immunocompromised individuals. Nutraceutical strategies have been proposed as promising strategies to mitigate their impact and improve public health. In the present study, we developed a mixture of two hydroalcoholic extracts from the aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (ECP) and the cones of Humulus lupulus L. (HOP) that can be harnessed in the prevention and treatment of viral respiratory diseases. The ECP/HOP mixture (named ECHOPvir) was characterized for the antioxidant and cytoprotective properties in airway cells. Moreover, the immunomodulating properties of the mixture in murine macrophages against antioxidant and inflammatory stimuli and its antiviral efficacy against the PR8/H1N1 influenza virus were assayed. The modulation of the Nrf2 was also investigated as a mechanistic hypothesis. The ECP/HOP mixture showed a promising multitarget bioactivity profile, with combined cytoprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulating and antiviral activities, likely due to the peculiar phytocomplexes of both ECP and HOP, and often potentiated the effect of the single extracts. The Nrf2 activation seemed to trigger these cytoprotective properties and suggest a possible usefulness in counteracting the damage caused by different stressors, including viral infection. Further studies may strengthen the interest in this product and underpin its future nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Percaccio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.A.); (L.N.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Acquaviva
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.A.); (C.F.)
| | | | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.)
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.)
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Tang X, Wang C, Sun W, Wu W, Sun S, Wan J, Zhu G, Ma N, Ma X, Xu R, Yang Q, Dai Y, Zhou L. Evaluating anti-viral effect of Tylvalosin tartrate on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and analyzing the related gene regulation by transcriptomics. Virol J 2023; 20:79. [PMID: 37101205 PMCID: PMC10132415 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important pathogen, characterized by its genetic and antigenic variation. The PRRSV vaccine is widely used, however, the unsatisfied heterologic protection and the risk of reverse virulence raise the requirement to find some new anti-PRRSV strategies for disease control. Tylvalosin tartrate is used to inhibit PRRSV in the field non-specifically, however, the mechanism is still less known. METHODS The antiviral effects of Tylvalosin tartrates from three producers were evaluated in a cell inoculation model. Their safety and efficacy concentrations, and effecting stage during PRRSV infection were analyzed. And, the Tylvalosin tartrates regulated genes and pathways which are potentially related to the anti-viral effect were further explored by using transcriptomics analysis. Last, the transcription level of six anti-virus-related DEGs was selected to confirm by qPCR, and the expression level of HMOX1, a reported anti-PRRSV gene, was proved by western blot. RESULTS The safety concentrations of Tylvalosin tartrates from three different producers were 40 µg/mL (Tyl A, Tyl B, and Tyl C) in MARC-145 cells and 20 µg/mL (Tyl A) or 40 µg/mL (Tyl B and Tyl C) in primary pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) respectively. Tylvalosin tartrate can inhibit PRRSV proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, causing more than 90% proliferation reduction at 40 µg/mL. But it shows no virucidal effect, and only achieves the antiviral effect via long-term action on the cells during the PRRSV proliferation. Furthermore, GO terms and KEGG pathway analysis was carried out based on the RNA sequencing and transcriptomic data. It was found that the Tylvalosin tartrates can regulate the signal transduction, proteolysis, and oxidation-reduction process, as well as some pathways such as protein digestion and absorption, PI3K-Akt signaling, FoxO signaling, and Ferroptosis pathways, which might relate to PRRSV proliferation or host innate immune response, but further studies still need to confirm it. Among them, six antivirus-related genes HMOX1, ATF3, FTH1, FTL, NR4A1, and CDKN1A were identified to be regulated by Tylvalosin tartrate, and the increased expression level of HMOX1 was further confirmed by western blot. CONCLUSIONS Tylvalosin tartrate can inhibit PRRSV proliferation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The identified DEGs and pathways in transcriptomic data will provide valuable clues for further exploring the host cell restriction factors or anti-PRRSV target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhen Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohui Sun
- China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wan
- China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Nini Ma
- China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- China Animal Nanjing Veterinary Drugs Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihua Xu
- China Animal Nanjing Veterinary Drugs Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiushi Yang
- China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yindi Dai
- China Animal Nanjing Veterinary Drugs Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Pang Y, Li C, Wang Y, Liu J, Su G, Duan C, Fang L, Zhou Y, Xiao S. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection manipulates central carbon metabolism. Vet Microbiol 2023; 279:109674. [PMID: 36739813 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways of central carbon metabolism (CCM), glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, are important host factors determining the outcome of viral infection. Thus, it is not surprising that viruses easily manipulate CCM for optimized replication. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an Arterivirus that has devastated the swine industry worldwide for over 30 years. However, whether PRRSV reprograms CCM is still unclear. In this study, we found that PRRSV infection increased the intensity of cellular uptake of glucose and glutamine, two main carbon sources for mammalian cells. Deprivation of glucose and/or glutamine significantly reduced PRRSV replication; restricted entry of glucose and glutamine into CCM inhibited PRRSV proliferation. We further found that PRRSV infection elevated glycolysis and maintained the TCA cycle flux. Furthermore, preventing the flow of glycolysis or the TCA cycle led to a reduction in PRRSV proliferation. The anaplerotic usage of glutamine in the TCA cycle partially rescued PRRSV growth by replacing glutamine with α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an intermediate of the TCA cycle. Interestingly, the addition of α-KG in replete medium also promoted PRRSV proliferation. Taken together, these results reveal that PRRSV infection promotes cellular uptake of glucose and glutamine to provide the energy and macromolecules required for PRRSV replication, and optimal PRRSV replication occurs in cells dependent on glycolysis and the TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guanning Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenrui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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7
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Dabrowski W, Gagos M, Siwicka-Gieroba D, Piechota M, Siwiec J, Bielacz M, Kotfis K, Stepulak A, Grzycka-Kowalczyk L, Jaroszynski A, Malbrain MLNG. Humulus lupus extract rich in xanthohumol improves the clinical course in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114082. [PMID: 36508996 PMCID: PMC9732508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The systemic inflammatory response following severe COVID-19 is associated with poor outcomes. Several anti-inflammatory medications have been studied in COVID-19 patients. Xanthohumol (Xn), a natural extract from hop cones, possesses strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Xn on the inflammatory response and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. METHODS Adult patients treated for acute respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 less than 150) were studied. Patients were randomized into two groups: Xn - patients receiving adjuvant treatment with Xn at a daily dose of 4.5 mg/kg body weight for 7 days, and C - controls. Observations were performed at four time points: immediately after admission to the ICU and on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of treatment. The inflammatory response was assessed based on the plasma IL-6 concentration, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer levels. The mortality rate was determined 28 days after admission to the ICU. RESULTS Seventy-two patients were eligible for the study, and 50 were included in the final analysis. The mortality rate was significantly lower and the clinical course was shorter in the Xn group than in the control group (20% vs. 48%, p < 0.05, and 9 ± 3 days vs. 22 ± 8 days, p < 0.001). Treatment with Xn decreased the plasma IL-6 concentration (p < 0.01), D-dimer levels (p < 0.05) and NLR (p < 0.01) more significantly than standard treatment alone. CONCLUSION Adjuvant therapy with Xn appears to be a promising anti-inflammatory treatment in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Dabrowski
- First Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland,.
| | - Mariusz Gagos
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba
- First Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Piechota
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Centre for Artificial Extracorporeal Kidney and Liver Support, Dr. W. Bieganski Regional Specialist Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jan Siwiec
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bielacz
- First Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Manu LNG Malbrain
- First Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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8
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You X, Liu M, Liu Q, Li H, Qu Y, Gao X, Huang C, Luo G, Cao G, Xu D. miRNA let-7 family regulated by NEAT1 and ARID3A/NF-κB inhibits PRRSV-2 replication in vitro and in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010820. [PMID: 36215225 PMCID: PMC9550049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically devastating diseases affecting the swine industry worldwide. To investigate the role of miRNAs in the infection and susceptibility of PRRS virus (PRRSV), twenty-four miRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced from PRRSV-infected and mock-infected Porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) of Meishan, Landrace, Pietrain and Qingping pigs at 9 hours post infection (hpi), 36 hpi, and 60 hpi. The let-7 family miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between PRRSV-infected and mock-infected PAMs from 4 pig breeds. The let-7 family miRNAs could significantly inhibit PRRSV-2 replication by directly targeting the 3’UTR of the PRRSV-2 genome and porcine IL6, which plays an important role in PRRSV replication and lung injury. NEAT1 acts as a competing endogenous lncRNA (ceRNA) to upregulate IL6 by attaching let-7 in PAMs. EMSA and ChIP results confirmed that ARID3A could bind to the promoter region of pri-let-7a/let-7f/let-7d gene cluster and inhibit the expression of the let-7 family. Moreover, the NF-κB signaling pathway inhibits the expression of the let-7 family by affecting the nuclear import of ARID3A. The pEGFP-N1-let-7 significantly reduced viral infections and pathological changes in PRRSV-infected piglets. Taken together, NEAT1/ARID3A/let-7/IL6 play significant roles in PRRSV-2 infection and may be promising therapeutic targets for PRRS. There are significant differences in susceptibility/resistance to PRRSV among different pig breeds. Especially the local pig breeds in China had strong resistance to PRRSV. However, due to the complexity of the interaction mechanism between pigs and PRRSV, the genetic mechanism leading to PRRSV susceptibility/resistance in different pig breeds is still unclear. MiRNAs play a vital regulatory role in immune response and development of PRRS. In this study, we found that the expression of miRNA let-7 family members were significantly different in PRRSV-infected/mock-infected PAMs from Pietrain, Qingping, Meishan, and Landrace pigs. Our findings illustrated that NEAT1/ARID3A/let-7/IL6 had a significant role in PRRSV-2 infection. What’s more, let-7 family could significantly reduce PRRSV infection and pathological changes in vitro and in vivo. This discovery provided a new idea for breeding PRRSV resistant pigs by revealing the molecular mechanism of PRRSV susceptibility in different pig breeds. Altogether, let-7 family have significant roles in PRRSV infection and may be promising therapeutic targets for PRRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin You
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilin Qu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dequan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Zhang X, Chen S, Li X, Zhang L, Ren L. Flavonoids as Potential Antiviral Agents for Porcine Viruses. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091793. [PMID: 36145539 PMCID: PMC9501777 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are types of natural substances with phenolic structures isolated from a variety of plants. Flavonoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities. Although most of the research or applications of flavonoids are focused on human diseases, flavonoids also show potential applicability against porcine virus infection. This review focuses on the recent progress in antiviral mechanisms of potential flavonoids against the most common porcine viruses. The mechanism discussed in this paper may provide a theoretical basis for drug screening and application of natural flavonoid compounds and flavonoid-containing herbs to control porcine virus infection and guide the research and development of pig feed additives.
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10
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Sun P, Wang M, Li J, Qiu Y, Li H, Lv M, Bo Z, Shen H, Li L. Inhibitory effect of Buddlejasaponin IVb on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vivo and in vitro. Vet Microbiol 2022; 272:109516. [PMID: 35901581 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is one of the main pathogens causing severe diarrhea in piglets. Infection of the host induces apoptosis, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry. At present, the preventive and therapeutic effects of commercial vaccines are not satisfactory, and it is necessary to develop new anti-PEDV drugs. In this study, we screened the PEDV-inhibiting drug Buddlejasaponin IVb from the natural product library, and determined the inhibitory effect of Buddlejasaponin IVb on PEDV proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. By exploring the effect of Buddlejasaponin IVb on the life cycle of PEDV, it was found that Buddlejasaponin IVb mainly inhibits the replication and release stages of PEDV, but there is no report at home and abroad. In addition, Buddlejasaponin IVb can inhibit PEDV-activated NF-κB signaling pathway by downregulating PEDV or LPS induced elevation of cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α). Finally, we returned to in vivo experiments to explore the antiviral effects of the drug in pigs. The results show that Buddlejasaponin IVb can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms and intestinal damage caused by PEDV infection in pigs. Therefore, this study will provide an important basis for the research on antiviral drugs of PEDV and its members, and at the same time provide guidance for the actual production, which has important application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Mingge Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yanping Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Hongyue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Muze Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haixiao Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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11
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Rossi RE, Chen J, Caplin ME. The Role of Diet and Supplements in the Prevention and Progression of COVID-19: Current Knowledge and Open Issues. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:137-149. [PMID: 35919576 PMCID: PMC9309075 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy diet and dietary supplements have gained attention as potential co-adjuvants in managing and preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper critically reviews the current evidence regarding the impact of diet and supplements on the prevention and progression of COVID-19. According to available data, a healthy diet and normal weight are considered protective factors. Regarding dietary supplementation, the most robust results from human studies are for vitamin C, which appears to decrease inflammatory markers and suppress cytokine storm. A small, randomized trial showed that a high dose of vitamin D significantly reduced the need for intensive care unit treatment of patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19. According to retrospective human studies, there is limited evidence for vitamin E and selenium supplements. Animal studies have investigated the effects of green tea and curcumin. Xanthohumol and probiotics, interesting for their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties, need formal clinical study. In summary, there is promising evidence supporting the role of diet and supplements as co-adjuvants in the treatment of COVID-19. Further studies and properly designed clinical trials are necessary to draw more robust conclusions; however, it is not unreasonable to take a pragmatic approach and promote the use of appropriate diet and supplements to counter the effects of COVID-19, ideally with a mechanism to assess outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Elisa Rossi
- Hepatology and Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, MI 20133, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, MI 20122, Italy
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Martyn Evan Caplin
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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12
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13
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Xanthohumol Is a Potent Pan-Inhibitor of Coronaviruses Targeting Main Protease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212134. [PMID: 34830015 PMCID: PMC8624673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses cause diseases in humans and livestock. The SARS-CoV-2 is infecting millions of human beings, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main protease (Mpro) of coronavirus plays a pivotal role in viral replication and transcription, which, in theory, is an attractive drug target for antiviral drug development. It has been extensively discussed whether Xanthohumol is able to help COVID-19 patients. Here, we report that Xanthohumol, a small molecule in clinical trials from hops (Humulus lupulus), was a potent pan-inhibitor for various coronaviruses by targeting Mpro, for example, betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 value of 1.53 μM), and alphacoronavirus PEDV (IC50 value of 7.51 μM). Xanthohumol inhibited Mpro activities in the enzymatical assays, while pretreatment with Xanthohumol restricted the SARS-CoV-2 and PEDV replication in Vero-E6 cells. Therefore, Xanthohumol is a potent pan-inhibitor of coronaviruses and an excellent lead compound for further drug development.
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14
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Yuan S, Yan B, Cao J, Ye ZW, Liang R, Tang K, Luo C, Cai J, Chu H, Chung TWH, To KKW, Hung IFN, Jin DY, Chan JFW, Yuen KY. SARS-CoV-2 exploits host DGAT and ADRP for efficient replication. Cell Discov 2021; 7:100. [PMID: 34702802 PMCID: PMC8548329 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is predominantly a respiratory tract infection that significantly rewires the host metabolism. Here, we monitored a cohort of COVID-19 patients’ plasma lipidome over the disease course and identified triacylglycerol (TG) as the dominant lipid class present in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced metabolic dysregulation. In particular, we pinpointed the lipid droplet (LD)-formation enzyme diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and the LD stabilizer adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP) to be essential host factors for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Mechanistically, viral nucleo capsid protein drives DGAT1/2 gene expression to facilitate LD formation and associates with ADRP on the LD surface to complete the viral replication cycle. DGAT gene depletion reduces SARS-CoV-2 protein synthesis without compromising viral genome replication/transcription. Importantly, a cheap and orally available DGAT inhibitor, xanthohumol, was found to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication and the associated pulmonary inflammation in a hamster model. Our findings not only uncovered the mechanistic role of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein to exploit LDs-oriented network for heightened metabolic demand, but also the potential to target the LDs-synthetase DGAT and LDs-stabilizer ADRP for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Bingpeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jianli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zi-Wei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ronghui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kaiming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Cuiting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jianpiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tom Wai-Hing Chung
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,Academician workstation of Hainan Province of Hainan Medical University, and Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboraotry of Tropical Infectious Diseasees, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Speical Administrative Region, China.
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,Academician workstation of Hainan Province of Hainan Medical University, and Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboraotry of Tropical Infectious Diseasees, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Speical Administrative Region, China.
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15
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Lucas K, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Oppitz N, Ackermann M. Cinnamon and Hop Extracts as Potential Immunomodulators for Severe COVID-19 Cases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:589783. [PMID: 33719281 PMCID: PMC7952639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.589783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kurt Lucas
| | | | - Nicole Oppitz
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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16
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Arasu A, Balakrishnan P, Velusamy T. RNA sequencing analyses reveal differentially expressed genes and pathways as Notch2 targets in B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4527-4540. [PMID: 33400727 PMCID: PMC7721612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a low grade, indolent B-cell neoplasm that comprises approximately 10% of all lymphoma. Notch2, a pivotal gene for marginal zone differentiation is found to be mutated in SMZL. Deregulated Notch2 signaling has been involved in tumorigenesis and also in B-cell malignancies. However the role of Notch2 and the downstream pathways that it influences for development of B-cell lymphoma remains unclear. In recent years, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) has become a functional and convincing technology for profiling gene expression and to discover new genes and transcripts that are involved in disease development in a single experiment. In the present study, using transcriptome sequencing approach, we have identified key genes and pathways that are probably the underlying cause in the development of B-cell lymphoma. We have identified a total of 15,083 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1067 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) between control and Notch2 knockdown B cells. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment and pathway analysis were applied for the identification of key genes and pathways involved in development of B-cell lymphoma. In addition, intermediate genes of top canonical pathways such as PI3K/AKT and NF-kB were found to be downregulated with Notch2 knockdown, indicating that these pathways could be the putative downstream effectors through which Notch2 mediates its oncogenic effects. Taken collectively, the identified crop of genes and pathways may be considered as targets for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Arasu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Pavithra Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Velusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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17
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Caplin M, Chen L. <p>The Potential Role of Xanthohumol in SARS-CoV-2 Treatment—Globally Accessible and Economically Viable</p>. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2020. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s265857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Sun N, Zhang H, Sun P, Khan A, Guo J, Zheng X, Sun Y, Fan K, Yin W, Li H. Matrine exhibits antiviral activity in a PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected mouse model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153289. [PMID: 32771536 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRRSV and PCV2 co-infection is very common in swine industry which results in huge economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is used to prevent viral diseases, immunosuppression induced by PRRSV and PCV2 leads to vaccine failure. PURPOSE Our previous results have demonstrated that Matrine possess antiviral activities against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection in vitro. This study aims to establish a PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected KM mouse model and evaluate the antiviral activities of Matrine against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection. STUDY DESIGN A total of 144 KM mice were randomly divided into six groups with 24 mice in each group, named as: normal control, PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected group (PRRSV/PCV2 group), Ribavirin treatment positive control (Ribavirin control) and Matrine treatment groups (Matrine 40 mg/kg, Matrine 20 mg/kg and Matrine 10 mg/kg). METHODS Except normal control group, all mice in other five groups were inoculated with PRRSV, followed by PCV2 at 2 h later. At 7 days post-infection (dpi), mice in the treatment groups were intraperitoneally administered with various doses of Matrine and Ribavirin, twice a day for 5 consecutive days. RESULTS PRRSV N and PCV2 CAP genes were detected by PCR in multiple tissues including heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, thymus and inguinal lymph nodes. The viral load of PCV2 was the highest in liver followed by thymus and spleen. Although PRRSV were detected in most of tissues, but the replication of PRRSV was not significantly increased, as shown by qPCR analysis. Comparing with PCV2 infection alone, PRRSV infection significantly elevated PCV2 replication and exacerbated PCV2 induced interstitial pneumonia. qPCR analysis demonstrated 40 mg/kg Matrine significantly attenuated PCV2 replication in liver and alleviated virus induced interstitial pneumonia, suggesting Matrine could directly inhibit virus replication. In addition, Matrine treatment enhanced peritoneal macrophages phagocytosis at 13 and 16 dpi, and 40 mg/kg of Matrine increased the proliferation activity of lymphocytes. Body weight gain was continuously promoted by administrating Matrine at 10 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Matrine possessed antiviral activities via inhibiting virus replication and regulating immune functions in mice co-infected by PRRSV/PCV2. These data provide new insight into controlling PRRSV and PCV2 infection and support further research for developing Matrine as a new possible veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Zheng
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yaogui Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Kuohai Fan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
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19
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Chen Y, Li H, Wu L, Zhang M, Gao Y, Wang H, Xu D, Chen W, Song G, Chen J. Ursolic acid derivatives are potent inhibitors against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22783-22796. [PMID: 35514592 PMCID: PMC9054602 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04070c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens of swine and has a substantial economic impact on the global pork industry. Currently, vaccination strategies provide very limited protection against PRRSV transmission. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antiviral strategies to prevent PRRSV pandemics. In this study, we showed that 3-O-β-chacotriosyl ursolic acid (1) and its ester analogs possessed anti-PRRSV activity in vitro, of which bioisosteric surrogates 7-15 were further generated with the aim of enhancing the selective index. Our results showed that amidation of the 17-COOH group of UA could significantly reduce cytotoxicity and enhance anti-PRRSV activity in MARC-145 cells. Among them, compound 9 displayed the strongest anti-PRRSV activity with the least cytotoxicity. Potent inhibition of representative compounds 9 and 12 on PRRSV infection was observed not only in MARC-145 cells, but also in primary porcine alveolar macrophages, PRRSV-target cells in vivo. Furthermore, compounds 8, 9, 12 and 14 exhibited broad-spectrum inhibitory activities in vitro against high pathogenic type 2 PRRSV NADC30-like and GD-XH strains as well as classical CH-1a and VR2332 strains. Mechanistically, compounds 9 and 12 inhibited PRRSV replication by directly inactivating virions and therefore affecting all tested stages of the virus life cycle, including viral entry, replication and progeny virus release, but did not affect cellular susceptibility to PRRSV. Our findings suggest that compound 9 could be a hit PRRSV inhibitor and deserves further in vivo studies in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-8528-0234
| | - Hui Li
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Li Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-8528-0234.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-8528-0293 +86-20-8528-0293
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-8528-0234
| | - Yarou Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-8528-0234
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-8528-0234.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-8528-0293 +86-20-8528-0293
| | - Dan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-8528-0234.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-8528-0293 +86-20-8528-0293
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Gaopeng Song
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-8528-0293 +86-20-8528-0293 .,College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-8528-0234.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-8528-0293 +86-20-8528-0293
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