1
|
Ceylan O, Ma Z, Ceylan C, Culha MH, Galon EM, Ji S, Li H, Zafar I, Mohanta UK, Xuan X, Sevinc F. Wide bovine tick-borne pathogen spectrum: Predominancy of Theileria annulata and the first molecular detection of Ehrlichia minasensis in Turkey. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1037-1059. [PMID: 38072901 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases indulge in severe economic losses in the livestock industry by adversely affecting cattle breeding in tropical and subtropical zone countries, including Turkey, encompassing a wide land area representing diverse climatic conditions. This study aimed to investigate significant bovine tick-borne piroplasm, rickettsia, and some other bacterial agents by genus- or species-specific PCR and nested PCR techniques in Turkey. A total of 210 cattle blood samples were collected from sixteen provinces in different geographical regions of Turkey. PCR analyses were performed targeting the detection of Babesia/Theileria/Hepatozoon sp. 18S rRNA, Babesia/Theileria sp. 18S rRNA (V4), B. bigemina RAP-1a, B. bovis SBP-4, B. ovata AMA-1, B. naoaki AMA-1, T. annulata Tams-1, T. orientalis MPSP, T. mutans 18S rRNA, Anaplasma/Ehrlichia sp. 16S rRNA, A. marginale MSP4, A. bovis 16S rRNA, A. phagocytophilum 16S rRNA, A. capra 16S rRNA, E. ruminantium pSC20, Mycoplasma sp. 16S rRNA, and Coxiella burnetii 16S rRNA genes. Overall, 133 (63.3%) cattle were found to be infected with at least one of the following protozoan or bacterial pathogens; B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. occultans, T. annulata, T. orientalis, A. marginale, A. phagocytophilum, and Mycoplasma sp. The total prevalence of pathogens was determined as follows; 0.5% B. bovis, 0.5% B. bigemina, 1.4% B. occultans, 41.0% T. annulata, 1.4% T. orientalis, 10.5% A. marginale, 13.8% A. phagocytophilum, 0.5% A. bovis, 2.9% Uncultured Anaplasma sp., 0.5% E. minasensis, 0.5% Uncultured Ehrlichia sp., and 23.3% Mycoplasma sp. Moreover, large part of the total infection (n:133) was composed of single infections (63.9%); however, double (24.8%), triple (7.5%), quadruple (2.3%), and quintuple (1.5%) co-infections were also encountered. In addition to some bovine pathogens such as B. occultans, T. orientalis, A. bovis, M. wenyonii, and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, which were rarely reported in Turkey, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed the first detection of Uncultured Ehrlichia sp. (0.5%), and E. minasensis (0.5%) with 100% nucleotide sequence identities. The study also indicates that the spectrum of pathogens harbored by Turkish cattle is quite wide, and these pathogens cause multiple co-infections with various combinations, and T. annulata stands out as the primary bovine pathogen among them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ceylan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Selcuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey.
| | - Zhuowei Ma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ceylan Ceylan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Siirt University, Siirt, 56000, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Hudai Culha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Selcuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hang Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Iqra Zafar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Uday Kumar Mohanta
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
- Faculty of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Ferda Sevinc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Selcuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gandy S, Medlock J, Cull B, Smith R, Gibney Z, Sewgobind S, Parekh I, Harding S, Johnson N, Hansford K. Detection of Babesia species in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in England and Wales. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102291. [PMID: 38061320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Babesiosis, a disease in humans and animals is caused by piroplasms from the genus Babesia and is transmitted by ixodid ticks. Bovine babesiosis, commonly called redwater fever, is reported in cattle from many regions of the British Isles. The presence of Babesia in questing ticks in the United Kingdom (UK) and its potential impact on public and animal health has not been widely studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the presence of Babesia spp. in England and Wales using ticks collected over a six-year period. Questing Ixodes ricinus nymphs were collected at 20 recreational areas between 2014 and 2019 and screened for Babesia. Of 3912 nymphs tested, Babesia spp. were detected in 15, giving an overall prevalence of 0.38% [95%CI: 0.21-0.63%]. A number of Babesia species were identified including B. venatorum (n = 9), B. divergens/capreoli (n = 5) and B. odocoilei-like species (n = 1). Based on the low prevalence of Babesia detected in questing I. ricinus nymphs in the recreational areas studied, the likelihood of exposure to Babesia-infected ticks is lower compared to other pathogens more widely studied in the UK (e.g. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.). However, localized areas of elevated risk may occur in pockets in England and Wales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gandy
- Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, United Kingdom.
| | - Jolyon Medlock
- Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Cull
- Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Smith
- Health Protection Division, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Zoë Gibney
- Emerging Infections and Zoonoses Team, UK Health Security Agency, United Kingdom
| | | | - Insiyah Parekh
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Harding
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Kayleigh Hansford
- Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Razavi SM, Soltan MS, Abbasian K, Karami A, Nazifi S. Host oxidative stress in piroplasmosis: A review in domestic animals. Vet Parasitol 2023; 322:110011. [PMID: 37643565 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Piroplasmida is an order of economically important blood parasites, including Babesia, Theileria, and Cytauxzoon, transmitted to mammals by ticks. Oxidative stress is a state in which the balance between oxidants and antioxidants is disturbed so that antioxidants cannot compensate for the harmful effects of oxidants. Due to the high concentration of oxygen and hemoglobin in red blood cells (RBCs), these are among the first cells exposed to oxidative damage. When RBCs are exposed to oxidative stress, their hemoglobin is oxidized, and lipid peroxidation leads to membrane instability, deformation, hemolysis, and anemia. Oxidative stress has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of these parasites. In the present review article, we collected studies on the oxidative stress caused by Piroplasmida in domestic animals. What is obtained from the total review of studies conducted on piroplasmosis revealed that in these infections, the host faces oxidative stress, and the resultant oxidative injury plays a fundamental role in their pathogenicity. Further studies are needed to be carried out on the more precise role of oxidative stress, the use of more sensitive diagnostic biomarkers, and the possible therapeutic role of antioxidant agents in piroplasmosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Razavi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sajjad Soltan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kiarash Abbasian
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Karami
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Malgwi SA, Ogunsakin RE, Oladepo AD, Adeleke MA, Okpeku M. A Forty-Year Analysis of the Literature on Babesia Infection (1982-2022): A Systematic Bibliometric Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6156. [PMID: 37372744 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Babesia infection is a tick-borne protozoan disease associated with significant veterinary, economic, and medical importance. This infection affects many hosts, ranging from wild to domestic animals and including man. All vertebrates serve as potential carriers due to the huge diversity of the species. Babesiosis has been associated with severe economic loss in livestock production, especially in cattle farming, and is also a major public health concern in man, which could be fatal. The infection is usually opportunistic, ranging from asymptomatic to symptomatic, usually in immunocompromised subjects or under conditions of stressful management. This study was designed to uncover trends in relation to publication growth and further explore research output regarding babesiosis from data indexed in the WoS. The WoS is the only platform used to map publications on Babesia infection. The search term "babesiosis" or "Babesia infection" was used to extract articles published across the study period from 1982 to 2022. The inclusion criteria were restricted to only articles for the analysis. The results from the search query showed that a total of 3763 articles were published during the study period with an average of 91.70 ± 43.87 articles annually and an average total citation (n = 1874.8). An annual growth rate of 2.5% was recorded during the study period. The year 2021 had the highest number of published articles (n = 193, 5.1%) and citations (n = 7039). The analysis of the most relevant keywords and titles showed that infection (n = 606, 16.1%), babesiosis (n = 444, 11.7%), and Babesia (n = 1302, 16%) were the most relevant keyword plus (ID), author keyword (DE), and title, respectively. The common conceptual framework analysis through K-means clustering showed two clusters comprising 4 and 41 elements, respectively. The United States of America is the top-performing country in terms of article production (n = 707, 20.8%) and the leading funder for babesiosis research, with two of its agencies ranked at the top. These are the Department of Health and Human Services (n = 254, 6.7%) and the National Institute of Health (n= 238,6.3%). Igarashi I. is the top-performing author (n = 231, 6.1%), while Veterinary Parasitology is ranked the top journal (n = 393, 10.4%) in terms of babesiosis publications. Overall, an increase in publications was observed in the study period, with significant output from developed nations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samson Anjikwi Malgwi
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin
- Biostatistics Unit, Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing & Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Abolade David Oladepo
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Matthew Adekunle Adeleke
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuibagarov M, Makhamed R, Zhylkibayev A, Berdikulov M, Abdrakhmanov S, Kozhabayev M, Akhmetollayev I, Mukanov K, Ryskeldina A, Ramankulov Y, Shustov A, Bauer C, Shevtsov A. Theileria and Babesia infection in cattle - First molecular survey in Kazakhstan. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102078. [PMID: 36395616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Central Asia, including Kazakhstan, is an endemic area of Theileria and Babesia infections in cattle. Current data on the geographic distribution, prevalence, and genetic diversity of these pathogens in vertebrate hosts are lacking in Kazakhstan. The present study aimed to fill this gap, using molecular techniques for the first time. A cross-sectional survey was performed on adult cattle from 40 villages in nine administrative districts of the provinces of Turkistan and Zhambyl, southern Kazakhstan, in summer 2020. A total of 766 blood samples were screened for Theileria annulata (enolase gene), Theileria orientalis (major piroplasm surface protein gene, MPSP) and Babesia spp. (18 S ribosomal RNA gene) using polymerase chain reaction. The genetic variability of Theileria spp. was assessed by sequencing one amplicon from each village. All Babesia spp. positive amplicons were sequenced to identify the species involved. The overall prevalence of infections with T. annulata, T. orientalis and Babesia spp. was 83.0% (40 villages positive), 33.3% (31 villages) and 13.5% (36 villages), respectively. Co-infections with two or three species were present in 48.9% of all positive cattle. Theileria annulata showing a high polymorphism of the enolase gene occurred with similar frequency in both provinces. Theileria orientalis was detected for the first time in Kazakhstan being significantly (P = 0.014) more prevalent in Zhambyl than in Turkistan. Fourteen genotypes of T. orientalis were identified; two belonged to the moderately virulent MPSP-type 1 ('Chitose') and the others to MPSP-type 3 ('Buffeli') which is considered avirulent. The prevalence of Babesia infection was significantly (P < 0.000) higher in Turkistan than in Zhambyl. An unequivocal identification of the species involved was possible in 127 sequenced samples: Babesia occultans was the most common species, followed by Babesia bigemina and Babesia major, the latter being the first record in the country. The results show that Theileria and Babesia infections in cattle are widespread and occur with remarkably high prevalence in the southern Kazakhstan. They also provide first data on the genetic diversity of the species involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marat Kuibagarov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Korgalzhyn Road 13/5, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
| | - Riza Makhamed
- National Center for Biotechnology, Korgalzhyn Road 13/5, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Assylbek Zhylkibayev
- National Center for Biotechnology, Korgalzhyn Road 13/5, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxat Berdikulov
- National Veterinary Reference Center, 150 let Abaya Street 22/3, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov
- S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zhenis Avenue 62, 010011 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mazhit Kozhabayev
- National Veterinary Reference Center, 150 let Abaya Street 22/3, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ilyas Akhmetollayev
- National Center for Biotechnology, Korgalzhyn Road 13/5, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Kasim Mukanov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Korgalzhyn Road 13/5, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Anara Ryskeldina
- National Center for Biotechnology, Korgalzhyn Road 13/5, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerlan Ramankulov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Korgalzhyn Road 13/5, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandr Shustov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Korgalzhyn Road 13/5, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Christian Bauer
- S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zhenis Avenue 62, 010011 Astana, Kazakhstan; Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Alexandr Shevtsov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Korgalzhyn Road 13/5, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Erol U, Sahin OF, Altay K. Molecular prevalence of bovine hemoplasmosis in Turkey with first detection of Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos in cattle and water buffalo. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:207-215. [PMID: 35624402 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hemoplasma species can cause infection varying from mild to severe in a wide range of hosts, including cattle and water buffalo. Two hemoplasma species, Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, have been reported in cattle and water buffalo from different parts of the world to date. There was a lack of information on the presence and distribution of these pathogens in Turkey despite the negative economic impact on livestock production. This study aimed to develop a duplex PCR assay amplifying the 16S rRNA gene, in order to analyze DNA samples obtained from 297 cattle and 360 water buffaloes, and to determine the molecular prevalence of bovine hemoplasma species in Sivas province. Bovine hemoplasma species were found in 94 of 297 (31.64%) cattle and in 17 of 360 (4.72%) water buffaloes in this study. Randomly selected six positives PCR products (three samples each species) obtained from cattle and water buffaloes were sequenced, and the consensus sequences were uploaded to GenBank. Nucleotide similarity of 96.97-100% was determined between M. wenyonii isolates obtained in this study and those of M. wenyonii isolates present in the GenBank database, whereas C. Mycoplasma haemobos isolates from this study shared 99.04-100% homology with the C. Mycoplasma haemobos isolates uploaded to the GenBank. With the current study, the molecular presence of M. wenyonii and C. Mycoplasma haemobos were documented for the first time in cattle and water buffaloes in Turkey. Considering the rate of prevalence, veterinarians should take precautions against bovine hemoplasma species to protect animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Erol
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Omer Faruk Sahin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Kursat Altay
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hasan M, Roohi N, Rashid MI, Ali S, Ul-Rehman Z. Occurrence of ticks and tick-borne mixed parasitic microbiota in cross-bred cattle in District Lahore, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e266721. [PMID: 36515298 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.266721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was focused on the incidence of ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBD) in cross-bred cattle (Friesian x Sahiwal) of two farms (n = 2548) in district Lahore, Pakistan. We collected total of 572 ticks (adults and nymphs) and blood samples (10 ml) for microscopic i.e., blood smear test - Giemsa Stain (BST) and molecular analysis; Reverse Line Blot-General Primer-PCR (RLB-PCR) and Specie Specific Primer PCR (SP-PCR) from infested cattle (n = 100) from months of April to September. Results: The tick specie identified was Rhipicephalus microplus at both farms, with significant difference in infestations rate amongst both farms (p< 0.0001). The cross-bred cattle having higher ratio of Friesian blood and lower ratio of Sahiwal blood were mostly infested by ticks (p < 0.0458) and haemoparasites (p <0.474) and vice versa. The SP-PCR showed higher number of haemoparasites infection than BST, which revealed 16% T. annulata (p < 0.0001 and k value 0.485, 0.0001), 51% B. bigemina (p < 0.0001 and k value 0.485, 0.0001) and 15% A. marginale (p < 0.001 and k value 0.207, 0.001), respectively. The single infection with B. bigemina was 34% (n = 34/100) and A. marginale 6% (n = 6/100). The double infection with T. annulata/B. bigemina was 8% (n = 8/100) and B. bigemina/A. marginale 1% (n = 1/100). Whereas the triple infection with T. annulata/B. bigemina/A .marginale was 8% (n = 8/100). The phylogenetic study of isolated sequence of T. annulata revealed close homology to isolates from Iran (87%), B. bigemina to isolates from Cuba (94 to 100%) and A. marginale with isolates from Pakistan (99 to 98%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hasan
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N Roohi
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M I Rashid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Z Ul-Rehman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Srionrod N, Nooroong P, Poolsawat N, Minsakorn S, Watthanadirek A, Junsiri W, Sangchuai S, Chawengkirttikul R, Anuracpreeda P. Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina of cattle in Thailand. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1065963. [PMID: 36523637 PMCID: PMC9744959 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1065963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesia bovis and B. bigemina are the most common tick-borne parasites that cause bovine babesiosis which effects livestock production, leading to economic losses in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The aims of this study were to determine the molecular detection, genetic diversity and antigenicity prediction of B. bovis based on spherical body protein 2 (sbp-2) gene and B. bigemina based on rhoptry-associated protein 1a (rap-1a) gene in cattle in Thailand. By PCR assay, the molecular detection of B. bovis and B. bigemina infection revealed levels of 2.58% (4/155) and 5.80% (9/155), respectively. The phylograms showed that B. bovis sbp-2 and B. bigemina rap-1a sequences displayed 5 and 3 clades with similarity ranging between 85.53 to 100% and 98.28 to 100%, respectively, when compared within Thailand strain. Diversity analysis of sbp-2 and rap-1a sequences showed 18 and 4 haplotypes, respectively. The entropy analysis illustrated 104 and 7 polymorphic sites of sbp-2 and rap-1a nucleic acid sequences, respectively, while those of sbp-2 and rap-1a amino acid sequences showed 46 and 4 high entropy peaks, respectively. Motifs analysis exhibited the distribution and conservation among sbp-2 and rap-1a sequences. The continuous and discontinuous B-cell epitopes have also been evaluated in this work. Therefore, our findings may be used to ameliorate the understanding inputs of molecular phylogeny, genetic diversity and antigenicity of B. bovis and B. bigemina Thailand stains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitipon Srionrod
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pornpiroon Nooroong
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Napassorn Poolsawat
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sutthida Minsakorn
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Amaya Watthanadirek
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Witchuta Junsiri
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Siriphan Sangchuai
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Panat Anuracpreeda
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand,*Correspondence: Panat Anuracpreeda, ;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Koonyosying P, Rittipornlertrak A, Chomjit P, Sangkakam K, Muenthaisong A, Nambooppha B, Srisawat W, Apinda N, Singhla T, Sthitmatee N. Incidence of hemoparasitic infections in cattle from central and northern Thailand. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13835. [PMID: 35971431 PMCID: PMC9375545 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hemoparasites, such as Babesia spp., Theileria spp. and Anaplasma spp., can negatively affect the health of farm animals resulting in significant losses in production. These losses inherently affect the economics of the livestock industry. Since increases in the severity of vector-borne diseases in the southeast Asian region have been reported, investigations of parasitic epidemiology in Thailand will be necessary to improve the existing parasite control strategies for blood parasitic infections. This study aims to investigate incidences of bovine hemoparasites throughout central and northern Thailand by focusing on areas of high-density cattle populations. Methods Blood parasitic infections among cattle were screened and identified by microscopic examination. Anemia status was then determined by evaluation of the packed cell volume (PCV) of each animal. Furthermore, blood parasites were detected and identified by genus and species-specific primers through the polymerase chain reaction method. Amplicons were subjected to DNA sequencing; thereafter, phylogenetic trees were constructed to determine the genetic diversity and relationships of the parasite in each area. Results A total of 1,066 blood samples were found to be positive for blood parasitic infections as follows: 13 (1.22%), 389 (36.50%), and 364 (34.15%) for Babesia bovis, Theileria orientalis, and Anaplasma marginale, respectively. Furthermore, multiple hemoparasitic infections in the cattle were detected. The hematocrit results revealed 161 hemoparasitic infected samples from 965 blood samples, all of which exhibiting indications of anemia with no significant differences. Sequence analysis of the identified isolates in this study revealed that B. bovis rap-1, four separate clades of T. orientalis msps, and A. marginale msp4 exhibited considerable sequence similarity to homologous sequences from isolates obtained from other countries. Sequence similarity ranged between 98.57-100%, 83.96-100%, and 97.60-100% for B. bovis rap-1, T. orientalis msps, and A. marginale msp4, respectively. Conclusion In this study, the analyzed incidence data of cattle hemoparasitic infection in Thailand has provided valuable and basic information for the adaptation of blood-borne parasitic infections control strategies. Moreover, the data obtained from this study would be useful for future effective parasitic disease prevention and surveillance among cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pongpisid Koonyosying
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Amarin Rittipornlertrak
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Department of Food Animal clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Paweena Chomjit
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sangkakam
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anucha Muenthaisong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Boondarika Nambooppha
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Srisawat
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nisachon Apinda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Department of Food Animal clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Singhla
- Department of Food Animal clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattawooti Sthitmatee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Excellence Center in Veterinary Bioscience, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Distribution of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Domestic Animals and Their Ticks in the Countries of the Mediterranean Basin between 2000 and 2021: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061236. [PMID: 35744755 PMCID: PMC9228937 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) include a wide range of bacteria, parasites and viruses that cause a large spectrum of animal, human and zoonotic tick-borne diseases (TBDs). The object of this review was to establish an inventory and an analysis of TBPs found in domestic animals in the countries of the Mediterranean Basin. This geographic area occupies a central position between several continents and is an area of movement for animals, humans and pathogens of interest and their vectors, which is important in terms of animal and human health. In this systematic review, we included a total of 271 publications produced between 2000–2021 concerning TBPs in domestic animals. Among this literature, we found a total of 90 pathogen species (known as TBPs) reported in the 20 countries of the area; these were detected in tick species from domestic animals and were also directly detected in domestic animals. In all, 31 tick species were recorded and 12 domestic animal species, the latter comprising nine livestock and three pet species. More than 50% of the publications were from Western Europe. Island data were extracted and assessed, as islands of the Mediterranean Basin were represented in 16% of the publications and 77.8% of the TBPs reported. Our results show the importance of islands in the monitoring of TBPs, despite the low percentage of publications.
Collapse
|
11
|
Prevalence of Theileria/Babesia Species in Ruminants in Burdur Province of Turkey. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:723-731. [PMID: 35032244 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Theileriosis and babesiosis, two tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases (TBHDs) of ruminants, are caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Theileria and Babesia, respectively. Among them, some species are considered to be highly pathogenic causing serious economic losses to livestock holders especially in tropic and subtropic regions. Local and/or general control measures are needed to be applied to reduce economic impact of TBHDs. Prevalence studies are essential for the implementation and/or design of effective prevention and control measures based on true epidemiological data. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence, prevalence and possible cross infections of Theileria/Babesia species between sheep, goat and cattle herds in Burdur province in Turkey. METHODS A total of 964 blood samples were collected from sheep (n = 330), goat (n = 300) and cattle (n = 334) from five different districts of Burdur province. The samples were investigated for ovine and bovine Theileria/Babesia species using reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization assay. RESULTS In small ruminants, T. ovis was the most abundant Theileria species detected in sheep with a rate of 79.69%. Among Babesia species, B. ovis and B. crassa were detected only in blood of goats (0.66%) and sheep (1.12%) as single and mixed infections, respectively. In cattle, T. annulata, B. bovis, Babesia spp. were detected in rates of 0.59%, 3.29%, 3.59%, respectively. CONCLUSION Obtained results clearly indicated that no cross infections with Theileria/Babesia species occurred in small ruminant and cattle herds that use the same grazing area.
Collapse
|
12
|
Protozoan and Rickettsial Pathogens in Ticks Collected from Infested Cattle from Turkey. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050500. [PMID: 35631021 PMCID: PMC9146054 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by tick-transmitted pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa are of veterinary and medical importance, especially in tropical and subtropical regions including Turkey. Hence, molecular surveillance of tick-borne diseases will improve the understanding of their distribution towards effective control. This study aimed to investigate the presence and perform molecular characterization of Babesia sp., Theileria sp., Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia sp., and Rickettsia sp. in tick species collected from cattle in five provinces of Turkey. A total of 277 adult ticks (males and females) were collected. After microscopic identification, tick pools were generated according to tick species, host animal, and sampling sites prior to DNA extraction. Molecular identification of the tick species was conducted through PCR assays. Out of 90 DNA pools, 57.8% (52/90) were detected to harbor at least 1 pathogen. The most frequently-detected pathogens were Babesia bovis, with a minimum detection rate of 7.9%, followed by Ehrlichia sp. (7.2%), Theileria annulata (5.8%), Coxiella sp. (3.3%), Anaplasma marginale (2.5%), Rickettsia sp. (2.5%), and B. occultans (0.7%). Rickettsia sp. identified in this study include Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae, R. aeschlimannii, and Rickettsia sp. Chad. All sequences obtained from this study showed 99.05−100% nucleotide identity with those deposited in GenBank (query cover range: 89−100%). This is the first molecular detection of Rickettsia sp. Chad, a variant of Astrakhan fever rickettsia, in Turkey. Results from this survey provide a reference for the distribution of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in cattle and expand the knowledge of tick-borne diseases in Turkey.
Collapse
|
13
|
Prado ICB, Capuno LXB, Collera PDLP, Cabralda APD, De Ramos KAS, Bernardo JMG, Divina BP, Masatani T, Tanaka T, Galay RL. Molecular Detection and Characterization of Babesia and Theileria in Cattle and Water Buffaloes from Southern Luzon, Philippines. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040678. [PMID: 35456730 PMCID: PMC9025510 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesia and Theileria are tick-borne protozoan parasites that can cause significant economic losses in the cattle industry. This study aimed to contribute to the limited epidemiological data on Theileria orientalis as well as Babesia bigemina and B. bovis in large ruminants in the Philippines. Blood samples of 412 cattle and 108 water buffalo collected from four provinces in Southern Luzon, Philippines, were initially tested for the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasms through nested PCR. Positive samples were further subjected to species-specific PCR. The 18s rRNA of piroplasms was detected in 123 (29.9%) cattle and three (2.8%) water buffaloes. Theileria orientalis was found to be the most common piroplasm in cattle with a detection rate of 17.5%, followed by Babesia bovis and B. bigemina. Co-infections were also observed. Two water buffaloes were found infected with B. bovis, while one was positive for B. bigemina. The phylogenetic tree for B. bovis showed clustering of the isolates in two clades together with isolates from other countries, and a third separate clade. Meanwhile, the T. orientalis isolates in this study were distributed in three clades together with reported isolates from other countries. This study confirms the presence of T. orientalis in the Philippines and reports the genetic diversity of B. bovis and T. orientalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cary B. Prado
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines;
| | - Larry Xerxes B. Capuno
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines; (L.X.B.C.J.); (P.D.C.); (A.P.D.C.); (K.A.S.D.R.); (J.M.G.B.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Princess DLP. Collera
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines; (L.X.B.C.J.); (P.D.C.); (A.P.D.C.); (K.A.S.D.R.); (J.M.G.B.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Aaron Paul D. Cabralda
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines; (L.X.B.C.J.); (P.D.C.); (A.P.D.C.); (K.A.S.D.R.); (J.M.G.B.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Kristina Andrea S. De Ramos
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines; (L.X.B.C.J.); (P.D.C.); (A.P.D.C.); (K.A.S.D.R.); (J.M.G.B.); (B.P.D.)
| | - John Michael G. Bernardo
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines; (L.X.B.C.J.); (P.D.C.); (A.P.D.C.); (K.A.S.D.R.); (J.M.G.B.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Billy P. Divina
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines; (L.X.B.C.J.); (P.D.C.); (A.P.D.C.); (K.A.S.D.R.); (J.M.G.B.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (R.L.G.); Tel.: +81-99-285-3570 (T.T.); +63-049-536-2728 (R.L.G.)
| | - Remil L. Galay
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines; (L.X.B.C.J.); (P.D.C.); (A.P.D.C.); (K.A.S.D.R.); (J.M.G.B.); (B.P.D.)
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (R.L.G.); Tel.: +81-99-285-3570 (T.T.); +63-049-536-2728 (R.L.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Iweriebor BC, Afolabi KO, Nqoro A, Obi LC. Emergence of Theileria species in ticks from free-ranging domestic animals in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality, South Africa. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09085. [PMID: 35295661 PMCID: PMC8919220 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks infestation and diseases associated with it, are becoming a major life threatening concern to wildlife, domesticated animals and human health in general. Besides causing skin damage, ticks infestations have become a growing burden in food security and transmission of multiple pathogens. There is paucity of data on the occurrence of etiologic agents of tick-borne diseases in the Eastern Cape Province South Africa. We therefore carried out a molecular surveillance on Babesia and Theileria species in ticks obtained from livestock in Raymond Mhlaba District Municipality of the Province. A total of 962 ticks were collected and were morphologically identified and processed for DNA extraction using commercial DNA extraction kit. The extracted DNA samples were used to molecular identification of the ticks, and also to assess the occurrence of the Babesia and Theileria spp by PCR using genus specific primers. Positive amplicons obtained were sequenced, processed and characterised using appropriate bioinformatics tools. The molecular and morphological identifications of ticks obtained from the domestic animals in the study areas revealed that they belong to three different genera namely: Haemophalis, Rhipicephalus, and Amblyomma in ascending order of their abundance. Furthermore, the DNA of Theileria spp. was detected from 10 out of 962 ticks screened, with an overall infection of about 1% for Rhipicephalus spp., while none of the ticks was positive for Babesia spp. The phylogenetic analysis of the 10 theilerial sequences showed that nine (9) clustered distinctly within the T. orientalis complex clade, while only one (1) sequence formed a cluster with reference sequences of T. velifera. The findings from this study therefore expand the knowledge on recent emergence of Theileria spp. in livestock reared in the study area. This calls for an urgent effort in curbing the further spread of the pathogens in the area and beyond. Distribution of ticks' species in domestic animals was described. Emergence of theilerial parasites in ticks from free-ranging domestic animals was observed Rhipicephalus spp. of ticks serve as the major transmission vector for Theileria spp. in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benson Chuks Iweriebor
- Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Ayabulela Nqoro
- Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Larry Chikwelu Obi
- Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Adaszek Ł, Wilczyńska A, Ziętek J, Kalinowski M, Teodorowski O, Winiarczyk D, Skrzypczak M, Winiarczyk S. Granulocytic anaplasmosis in captive ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) in Poland. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:118. [PMID: 33712007 PMCID: PMC7953603 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplasma are obligate intracellular bacteria and aetiological agents of tick-borne diseases of both veterinary and medical interest. The genus Anaplasma comprises six species: Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma centrale, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma platys. They can infect humans, carnivores, ruminants, rodents, insectivores, birds and reptiles. The aim of this study was to present the first clinical case of granulocytic anaplasmosis in a captive ring-tailed lemur in Poland. Case presentation A 4-year-old female lemur presented anorexia, epistaxis and tick infestation. The microscopic examination of a blood smear revealed morulae in neutrophils. Polymerase chain reaction test and sequencing of obtained PCR product confirmed infection by the GU183908 Anaplasma phagocytophilum strain. Therapeutic protocol included doxycycline (2.5 mg/kg p.o., b.i.d.) for 3 weeks and the lemur recovered within 24 h. Conclusions This is the first report on granulocytic anaplasmosis in a ring-tailed lemur in Europe, indicating that A. phagocytophilum infection must also be considered in differential diagnosis in this animal species, especially in individuals with thrombocytopenia associated with Ixodes ricinus parasitism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Adaszek
- Department of Epizootiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 Głęboka St. 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Wilczyńska
- Department of Epizootiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 Głęboka St. 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ziętek
- Department of Epizootiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 Głęboka St. 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kalinowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 Głęboka St. 20-612, Lublin, Poland.
| | | | - Dagmara Winiarczyk
- Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 30 Głęboka St. 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Skrzypczak
- Second Department of Gynecology, Prof. F. Skubiszewski University School of Medicine, Lublin, Poland
| | - Stanisław Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 Głęboka St. 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ceylan O, Xuan X, Sevinc F. Primary Tick-Borne Protozoan and Rickettsial Infections of Animals in Turkey. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020231. [PMID: 33669573 PMCID: PMC7923091 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases caused by ticks constitute a barrier on global animal production, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. As a country with a temperate and subtropical climate, Turkey has topography, climate, and pasture resources, and these resources are suitable for animal breeding and parasite–host–vector relationships throughout the country. This geography restricts the regulations on animal movements in the southeastern and eastern Anatolia because of the close contact with the neighboring states. The livestock resources in Turkey are regulated by strong foundations. Almost 30% of the agriculture-based gross domestic product is provided by the livestock industry. Parasitic diseases arising from ticks are endemic in Turkey, and they have a significant impact on the economy and animal health, particularly for ruminants. The main and economically-important tick-borne diseases (TBDs) suffered by animals include theileriosis, babesiosis, hepatozoonosis, and cytauxzoonosis caused by protozoa, and anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis caused by rickettsiae. The most common hemoprotozoan and rickettsial agents are Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Babesia bigemina, Babesia caballi, Babesia ovis, Cytauxzoon felis, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, Theileria annulata and Theileria equi. These diseases are basically controlled through treatment and measures for tick control. Vaccination can be performed for only tropical theileriosis caused in Turkey. We reviewed the studies published in domestic and international journals to gather epidemiological data regarding the major TBDs suffered by animals in Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ceylan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, 42250 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;
| | - Ferda Sevinc
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, 42250 Konya, Turkey;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-332-223-2687
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Knowledge, attitude and perception of bovine piroplasmosis by cattle owners in Constantine, North-East of Algeria, using participatory epidemiology. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:167. [PMID: 33594496 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cattle piroplasmoses are tick-borne diseases, spread worldwide that cause significant economic losses. A participatory epidemiological study was conducted individually or in focus groups with 73 cattle owners in Beni Hamidene locality (district of Constantine, Algeria). The aim of this study was to study cattle owners' knowledge, attitude and perception on cattle piroplasmosis. Proportional piling technique was used to determinate most common cattle diseases, and to evaluate economic impact of diseases according to the interwieved farmers. Theileriosis (49/73; 67.1%) and babesiosis (44/73; 60.3%) were considered the most important bovine diseases. No zoonotic disease was cited by the interviewed cattle owners. According to the majority of cattle owners, theileriosis and babesiosis are deadly diseases (87.3 and 78.1%, respectively). All cattle owners (73/73) cited fever as the most common symptom of tropical theileriosis. Some of them (14/73; 19.2%) do not make distinction between theileriosis and babesiosis. According to cattle owners (65/73; 89.0%), the use of acaricide is the most appropriate tick control method. This study provides information about knowledge on bovine piroplasmoses in Algeria. These information could be considered when performing control programmes by both animal decision-makers and field veterinarians.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lakew BT, Kheravii SK, Wu SB, Eastwood S, Andrew NR, Jenkins C, Walkden-Brown SW. Endemic infection of cattle with multiple genotypes of Theileria orientalis on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales despite limited presence of ticks. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 12:101645. [PMID: 33388554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine theileriosis, caused by the Theileria orientalis complex, causes a mild persistent infection with the severity dependent on the infecting genotype and host exposure status. Clinical theileriosis was first detected on the Northern Tablelands of NSW in 2009 and a high prevalence of infection in cattle reported in 2013. However, the parasite was not genotyped and likely vectors not investigated. In response to ongoing clinical cases, here we identify the Theileria genotypes present in the region and potential vectors. Genotype-specific multiplex qPCR of 90 blood samples from eight farms revealed a 100 % prevalence of T. orientalis in individual cattle with concurrent infection with all three genotypes present in 73 % of cases. The prevalence of the pathogenic genotype (Ikeda) differed significantly between farms; however, the level of parasitemia was not affected by genotype or associated with clinical disease. Parasitaemia levels were higher in heifers than cows. Questing tick collection on six of the farms between November 2017 and May 2019 yielded 358 questing ticks from one farm, all of which were morphologically identified as Haemaphysalis bancrofti. Larvae accounted for 59 % of the ticks followed by nymphs (34 %) and adults (7%). Theileria was detected only in nymphs with Ikeda and Buffeli genotypes each being detected in one of four pools of ticks. The high prevalence of co-infection with three genotypes of T. orientalis indicates that they are now endemic in the region and confirms the lack of cross-protection between genotypes. This is the first detection of T. orientalis in questing H. bancrofti ticks: indicating that it may be a vector for T. orientalis in this region. However, the high prevalence of bovine infection is at odds with the absence of captured ticks or history of tick infestation on five of the six farms raising the possibility that other vectors or transmission pathways play key roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biniam T Lakew
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia; College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P. O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
| | - Sarbast K Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Steve Eastwood
- Local Land Services, Northern Tablelands, Armidale, 2350, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia; Insect Ecology Lab, Zoology, Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Cheryl Jenkins
- Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - Stephen W Walkden-Brown
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bovine Babesiosis in Turkey: Impact, Current Gaps, and Opportunities for Intervention. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121041. [PMID: 33322637 PMCID: PMC7763958 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis is a global tick-borne disease that causes important cattle losses and has potential zoonotic implications. The impact of bovine babesiosis in Turkey remains poorly characterized, but several Babesia spp., including B. bovis, B. bigemina, and B. divergens, among others and competent tick vectors, except Rhipicephalus microplus, have been recently identified in the country. Bovine babesiosis has been reported in all provinces but is more prevalent in central and highly humid areas in low and medium altitude regions of the country housing approximately 70% of the cattle population. Current control measures include acaricides and babesicidal drugs, but not live vaccines. Despite the perceived relevant impact of bovine babesiosis in Turkey, basic research programs focused on developing in vitro cultures of parasites, point-of-care diagnostic methods, vaccine development, “omics” analysis, and gene manipulation techniques of local Babesia strains are scarce. Additionally, no effective and coordinated control efforts managed by a central animal health authority have been established to date. Development of state-of-the-art research programs in bovine babesiosis to address current gaps in knowledge and implementation of long-term plans to control the disease will surely result in important economic, nutritional, and public health benefits for the country and the region.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zobba R, Chisu V, Pinna Parpaglia ML, Spezzigu A, Masala G, Schianchi E, Alberti A. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Babesia and Theileria spp. in Sardinian ruminants. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 22:100453. [PMID: 33308718 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) caused by Theileria and Babesia spp. are common in tropical and subtropical regions. This study investigates the presence of Theileria and Babesia spp. in ruminants from a subtropical Mediterranean region (Sardinia, Italy), a hotspot for ticks infestations. A total of 141 blood samples from healthy and symptomatic ruminants (showing symptoms consistent with tick-borne disease) were screened using a polymerase chain reaction test based on the amplification of the 18 s rRNA fragment. A total of 19/50 sheep (38%), 34/43 bovine (79.1%), and 5/48 goats (10.4%) tested positive to Babesia/Theileria. Phylogenetic analysis assigned all sequences obtained from sheep to the T. ovis cluster, while bovine and goats sequence types grouped in the Theileria buffeli/sergenti/orientalis group. One sequence type, isolated from a symptomatic bovine, clustered with B. major. Information on presence and frequency of piroplasms in ruminants increase our knowledge about the circulation of these pathogens in Sardinian animals and add up to previous studies conducted in ticks in the same area. Results also highlight the importance of subtropical Mediterranean environments as hotspots for ruminants piroplasmosis with potential impact on Veterinary Health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Zobba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control (MCDC), University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Valentina Chisu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Spezzigu
- Embryo Sardegna, Technology, Reproduction and Fertility, 07034 Perfugas, Località Suiles, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Schianchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control (MCDC), University of Sassari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bovine babesiosis: An insight into the global perspective on the disease distribution by systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Parasitol 2020; 283:109136. [PMID: 32574977 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis is continuing as a great threat to the livestock sector causing havoc production losses with significant morbidity and mortality. Being a tick-borne disease, the great complexity in the agent-host- vector relationship has severely hampered the sincere efforts towards the development of an effective vaccine against bovine babesiosis. In these circumstances, assessing the global scenario of disease prevalence is a prerequisite to strategize the available control measures. Keeping this in view, the objective of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of bovine babesiosis globally. The literature search was conducted to identify all relevant published articles reporting the prevalence of bovine babesiosis and a total of 163 studies were found eligible for final systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted using meta package of R software and summary estimates of the prevalence were calculated. Meta analysis of 81099 samples from 62 countires representing six continents revealed pooled global prevalence of bovine babesiosis as 29% (95% CI = 24%-34%) with estimated prevalence of active infection as 16% (95% CI = 13%-20%) and seroprevalence as 50% (95% CI = 45%-56%) using random effects model. Continent wise highest prevalence of bovine babesiosis in South America 64% (95% CI = 49%-77%) and lowest in Asia 19% (95% CI = 14%-25%). Highest prevalence was estimated with B. bigemina 22% (95% CI = 18%-27%) and least prevalence was recorded with B. divergens 12% (95% CI = 2%-46%). The pooled prevalence estimates generated in the study is revealing an increase in disease trend and the need for immediate planning of mitigation strategies paralleled with the development of early diagnostic methods to reduce the impact of disease throughout the world.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chaudhry U, Ali Q, Rashid I, Shabbir MZ, Ijaz M, Abbas M, Evans M, Ashraf K, Morrison I, Morrison L, Sargison ND. Development of a deep amplicon sequencing method to determine the species composition of piroplasm haemoprotozoa. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:101276. [PMID: 31473098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Piroplasmosis is caused by tick-borne haemoprotozoa of the genera Theileria and Babesia. These parasitic infections can seriously impact on the health of livestock and production. Piroplasms of multiple species can be present in a single host, but reliable molecular diagnostic tools are needed in order to understand the composition of these complex parasite communities. Theileria and Babesia vary in their epidemiology, drug sensitivity, pathogenicity and interaction with co-infecting species, but are similar in that infected animals become persistent carriers after recovery from primary infection, acting as reservoir hosts. Here, we describe for the first time the use of a deep amplicon sequencing platform to identify proportions of piroplasm species in co-infecting communities and develop the concept of a "haemoprotobiome". First, four phenotypically-verified species of Theileria and Babesia were used to prepare mock DNA pools with random numbers of the parasites amplified by four different numbers of PCR cycles to assess sequence representation for each species. Second, we evaluated the detection threshold of the deep amplicon sequencing assay for each of the four species and to assess the accuracy of proportional quantification of all four species. Finally, we applied the assay to the field samples to afford insight of the species composition of piroplasm communities in small and large ruminants in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The "haemoprotobiome" concept has several potential applications in veterinary and human research, including understanding of responses to drug treatment; parasite epidemiology and ecology; species interactions during mixed infections; and parasite control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umer Chaudhry
- Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - Qasim Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Rashid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ijaz
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Livestock and Dairy Department, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Mike Evans
- Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ivan Morrison
- Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Liam Morrison
- Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Neil D Sargison
- Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
M R ARUNRAJ, VATSYA STUTI, KUMAR RAJEEVRANJAN. Prevalence of bovine tropical theileriosis in sub-Himalyan region of northern India. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i7.92015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of bovine tropical theileriosis (BTT) caused by Theileria annulata was studied in large ruminants of sub-Himalyan region of northern India using thin blood smear examination (TBE), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays. About 11.04% blood samples were found positive for BTT. Maximum seasonal prevalence of BTT was observed in summer followed by rainy season and winter. Month-wise maximum prevalence was recorded in May and minimum in January. Laboratory examination with Giemsa staining for Koch’s blue bodies (KBB) and piroplasms revealed that 3.75% samples were positive for theileriosis. LAMP method gave the highest level of sensitivity followed by AS-PCR and TBE. Hence, it is suggested that LAMP can be a better molecular diagnostic tool for large scale epidemiological studies of bovine tropical theileriosis. Our results provide better understanding of this haemoprotozoan parasite and hence may help in devising timely control measures.
Collapse
|
24
|
PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF PIROPLASMIDS IN IRANIAN DROMEDARIES ( CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2019; 48:1026-1030. [PMID: 29297802 DOI: 10.1638/2016-0233.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Camels ( Camelus dromedarius) are important, multipurpose local animals in Iran. Despite their importance, camelid parasitic diseases have not received adequate attention in the veterinary literature. The present study investigated the prevalence of, and molecularly identified, camel piroplasms in Iran. Blood samples from 248 camels from five different regions of Iran were screened for the presence of piroplasmid infection using an 18SrRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing method. Of the 248 samples, 16 were positive for piroplasms via PCR (6.45%). Ten PCR amplicons with expected sizes were sequenced for molecular characterization. Three camels were infected with Babesia caballi and seven with Theileria equi. Statistical analysis showed that age, sex, and location were not risk factors for infection with piroplasmids in camels.
Collapse
|
25
|
Aktaş M, Kısadere İ, Özübek S, Cihan H, Salıkov R, Cirak VY. First molecular survey of piroplasm species in cattle from Kyrgyzstan. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2431-2435. [PMID: 31243541 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bovine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan hemoparasites of the genera Theileria and Babesia. This study was carried out to assess the presence and frequency of piroplasm parasites in apparently healthy cattle in Kyrgyzstan. A total of 454 blood samples were collected from animals of various ages in eight villages located in the Chu valley and around the Lake Issyk Kul. The hypervariable V4 region of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was amplified with a set of primers specific targeting members of the genera Theileria and Babesia. Amplified PCR products were hybridized onto a membrane to which generic and species-specific oligonucleotide probes were covalently linked. The results revealed the presence of three piroplasm species (Theileria orientalis, Babesia major, Theileria annulata). Theileria orientalis was the most prevalent species (32.8%; CI 28.5-37.3). Babesia major was the only species of Babesia found in any of the samples (1.3%; CI 0.5-2.8). The co-existence of Theileria annulata and T. orientalis was detected in nine animals (1.9%; CI 0.9-3.7). BLAST search revealed that the Theileria sequences shared 100% identity with the recently reported sequences for T. buffeli and T. annulata. The sequence of B. major was also 100% identical to an existing B. major sequence. This molecular survey provides important epidemiological data for control of bovine piroplasmosis caused by T. orientalis, B. major, and T. annulata in Kyrgyzstan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Münir Aktaş
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - İhsan Kısadere
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Sezayi Özübek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Cihan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ruslan Salıkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 720044, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Veli Yılgor Cirak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sivakumar T, Tuvshintulga B, Zhyldyz A, Kothalawala H, Yapa PR, Kanagaratnam R, Vimalakumar SC, Abeysekera TS, Weerasingha AS, Yamagishi J, Igarashi I, Silva SSP, Yokoyama N. Genetic Analysis of Babesia Isolates from Cattle with Clinical Babesiosis in Sri Lanka. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:e00895-18. [PMID: 30158190 PMCID: PMC6204690 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00895-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis is a serious threat to the cattle industry. We prepared blood DNA samples from 13 cattle with clinical babesiosis from the Badulla (n = 8), Jaffna (n = 3), and Kilinochchi (n = 2) districts in Sri Lanka. These DNA samples tested positive in PCR assays specific for Babesiabovis (n = 9), Babesia bigemina (n = 9), and Babesiaovata (n = 1). Twelve cattle were positive for B. bovis and/or B. bigemina One cow was negative for the tested Babesia species but was positive for Babesia on microscopic examination; the phylogenetic positions of 18S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit III gene sequences suggested that the cow was infected with Babesia sp. Mymensingh, which was recently reported from a healthy cow in Bangladesh. We then developed a novel Babesia sp. Mymensingh-specific PCR assay and obtained positive results for one other sample. Analysis of gene sequences from the cow with positive B. ovata-specific PCR results demonstrated that the animal was infected not with B. ovata but with Babesia sp. Hue-1, which was recently reported from asymptomatic cattle in Vietnam. The virulence of Babesia sp. Hue-1 is unclear, as the cow was coinfected with B. bovis and B. bigemina However, Babesia sp. Mymensingh probably causes severe clinical babesiosis, as it was the sole Babesia species detected in a clinical case. The present study revealed the presence of two bovine Babesia species not previously reported in Sri Lanka, plus the first case of severe bovine babesiosis caused by a Babesia species other than B. bovis, B. bigemina, and Babesiadivergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thillaiampalam Sivakumar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
- Veterinary Research Institute, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Bumduuren Tuvshintulga
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atambekova Zhyldyz
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junya Yamagishi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ikuo Igarashi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ringo AE, Adjou Moumouni PF, Lee SH, Liu M, Khamis YH, Gao Y, Guo H, Zheng W, Efstratiou A, Galon EM, Li J, Tiwananthagorn S, Inoue N, Suzuki H, Thekisoe O, Xuan X. Molecular detection and characterization of tick-borne protozoan and rickettsial pathogens isolated from cattle on Pemba Island, Tanzania. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1437-1445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
28
|
Karasartova D, Gureser AS, Gokce T, Celebi B, Yapar D, Keskin A, Celik S, Ece Y, Erenler AK, Usluca S, Mumcuoglu KY, Taylan-Ozkan A. Bacterial and protozoal pathogens found in ticks collected from humans in Corum province of Turkey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006395. [PMID: 29649265 PMCID: PMC5916866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tick-borne diseases are increasing all over the word, including Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial and protozoan vector-borne pathogens in ticks infesting humans in the Corum province of Turkey. Methodology/Principal findings From March to November 2014 a total of 322 ticks were collected from patients who attended the local hospitals with tick bites. Ticks were screened by real time-PCR and PCR, and obtained amplicons were sequenced. The dedected tick was belonging to the genus Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis, Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor and Ixodes. A total of 17 microorganism species were identified in ticks. The most prevalent Rickettsia spp. were: R. aeschlimannii (19.5%), R. slovaca (4.5%), R. raoultii (2.2%), R. hoogstraalii (1.9%), R. sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae (1.2%), R. monacensis (0.31%), and Rickettsia spp. (1.2%). In addition, the following pathogens were identified: Borrelia afzelii (0.31%), Anaplasma spp. (0.31%), Ehrlichia spp. (0.93%), Babesia microti (0.93%), Babesia ovis (0.31%), Babesia occultans (3.4%), Theileria spp. (1.6%), Hepatozoon felis (0.31%), Hepatozoon canis (0.31%), and Hemolivia mauritanica (2.1%). All samples were negative for Francisella tularensis, Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. Conclusions/Significance Ticks in Corum carry a large variety of human and zoonotic pathogens that were detected not only in known vectors, but showed a wider vector diversity. There is an increase in the prevalence of ticks infected with the spotted fever group and lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis, while Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. were reported for the first time from this region. B. microti was detected for the first time in Hyalomma marginatum infesting humans. The detection of B. occultans, B. ovis, Hepatozoon spp., Theileria spp. and Hemolivia mauritanica indicate the importance of these ticks as vectors of pathogens of veterinary importance, therefore patients with a tick infestation should be followed for a variety of pathogens with medical importance. Ticks are important vectors for different kind of pathogens, both of medical and veterinary importance, while tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are increasing all over the world. In Turkey, many important human and zoonotic TBDs such as, Lyme borreliosis, rickettsiosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, tularemia, bartonellosis, babesiosis, theileriosis, and hepatozoonosis have been reported. Nonetheless, there is lack of research-based information concerning the epidemiology, ecology, and vector diversity of these tick-borne pathogens. In this study, we aimed to investigate broad-range bacterial and protozoan vector-borne pathogens by PCR/RT-PCR and sequencing, those ticks infesting humans in the Corum province. Spotted fever group rickettsiae and lymphangitis-associated rickettsiae, Borrelia afzelii, Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. were detected. Babesia microti was detected in Hyalomma marginatum infesting humans. Interestingly zoonotic pathogens like Babesia ovis, Babesia occultans, Theileria spp, Hepatozoon felis, Hepatozoon canis, and Hemolivia mauritanica were also detected, showing the role of ticks for diseases also of veterinary importance. This study provides important data for understanding the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens and it is hoped that these results will challenge clinicians and veterinarians to unify their efforts in the management of TBDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tuncay Gokce
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Bekir Celebi
- National High Risk Pathogens Reference Laboratory, Public Health Institution of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Yapar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Adem Keskin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Selim Celik
- Emergency Medicine, Hitit University Corum Training and Research Hospital, Corum, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ece
- Emergency Medicine, Hitit University Corum Training and Research Hospital, Corum, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Erenler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Selma Usluca
- National Parasitology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Institution of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aysegul Taylan-Ozkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
- Department of Medical and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nader J, Król N, Pfeffer M, Ohlendorf V, Marklewitz M, Drosten C, Junglen S, Obiegala A. The diversity of tick-borne bacteria and parasites in ticks collected from the Strandja Nature Park in south-eastern Bulgaria. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:165. [PMID: 29554928 PMCID: PMC5859726 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks are important carriers of many different zoonotic pathogens. To date, there are many studies about ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBP), but only a few were carried out in Bulgaria. The present study intends to detect the prevalence of tick-borne bacteria and parasites occurring at the Black Sea in Bulgaria to evaluate the zoonotic potential of the tick-borne pathogens transmitted by ticks in this area. Methods In total, cDNA from 1541 ticks (Dermacentor spp., Haemaphysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp. and Rhipicephalus spp.) collected in Bulgaria by flagging method or from hosts was tested in pools of ten individuals each for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.), Rickettsia spp. and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis” via conventional and quantitative real-time PCR. Subsequently, samples from positive pools were tested individually and a randomized selection of positive PCR samples was purified, sequenced, and analyzed. Results Altogether, 23.2% of ticks were infected with at least one of the tested pathogens. The highest infection levels were noted in nymphs (32.3%) and females (27.5%). Very high prevalence was detected for Rickettsia spp. (48.3%), followed by A. phagocytophilum (6.2%), Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) (1.7%), Babesia spp. (0.4%) and “Ca. Neoehrlichia mikurensis” (0.1%). Co-infections were found in 2.5% of the tested ticks (mainly Ixodes spp.). Sequencing revealed the presence of Rickettsia monacensis, R. helvetica, and R. aeschlimannii, Babesia microti and B. caballi, and Theileria buffeli and Borrelia afzelli. Conclusion This study shows very high prevalence of zoonotic Rickettsia spp. in ticks from Bulgaria and moderate to low prevalence for all other pathogens tested. One should take into account that tick bites from this area could lead to Rickettsia infection in humans and mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Nader
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nina Król
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Valerie Ohlendorf
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Marklewitz
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Obiegala
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rizk MA, Salama A, El-Sayed SAES, Elsify A, El-Ashkar M, Ibrahim H, Youssef M, El-Khodery S. Animal level risk factors associated with Babesia and Theileria infections in cattle in Egypt. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:796-804. [PMID: 29035848 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In present study, blood samples were collected randomly from 439 cows at three main regions of Egypt (northern, central and southern). Molecular diagnosis of Babesia and Theileria infections by PCR amplification of DNA (gene) fragments, then cloning and sequencing of the positive samples were conducted. A questionnaire was created to imply the assumed risk factors and logistic regression statistical analysis was carried out to appraise the potential factors on the animal level. The results revealed that 49 (11.16%) and 45 (10.25%) cattle were infected with Babesia and Theileria parasites, respectively. B. bigemina (7.97%) and T. annulata (9.56%) were the most prevalent parasites. For Babesia sp., final multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between the infection and irregular use of antiprotozoal drugs (P = 0.003; OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.12-0.65), management practice (P = 0.029; OR: 6.66; 95% CI: 1.21-36.59) and ecology area (P = 0.006; OR: 5.62; 95% CI: 1.63-19.31). However, for Theileria sp. infection, animal breed (P = 0.003; OR: 0.44; 95% CI: .45-1.00) and irregular use of antiprotozoal drugs (P<0.001; OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 2.62-5.60) were the potential risk factors. The results of the present study declare the prevalent bovine Babesia and Theileria sp. in Egypt based on molecular description. An impression on the potential risk factors associated with infections was obtained. Recognition of the potential risk factors associated with tick borne disease may be helpful to construct the best preventive measures.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ybañez AP, Mingala CN, Ybañez RHD. Historical review and insights on the livestock tick-borne disease research of a developing country: The Philippine scenario. Parasitol Int 2017; 67:262-266. [PMID: 29197596 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) remain to be a global animal health threat. Developing countries like the Philippines is not exempt to this. Despite the potential impact TBDs can give to these countries, local government initiatives and researches remain to be limited. In the Philippines, most epidemiological studies were confined only to specific areas, and predominantly in the Northern Area. Due to its unique geography and limited studies, the current nationwide status of most TBDs could not be clearly established. This review mainly covered published studies and presented challenges in the conduct of TBD research in the Philippines, which may be similar to other Southeast Asian or developing countries. To date, reported livestock TBD pathogens in the Philippines include Anaplasma, Babesia, Theileria, and Mycoplasma spp. With the ubiquitous presence of the Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in the country, it is highly probable that other pathogens transmitted by these vectors could be present. Despite studies on different TBDs in the livestock sector, the Philippine government has not yet heightened its efforts to implement tick control measures as part of the routine animal health program for local farmers. Further studies might be needed to determine the nationwide prevalence of TBDs and the presence of other possible tick species and TBD pathogens. The Philippine scenario may present situations that are similar to other developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Ybañez
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Barili Campus, Cebu Technological University, Barili, Cebu, Philippines.
| | - Claro N Mingala
- Animal Health Unit, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, Science City of Muñoz 3120, Nueva Ecija, Philippines; Scientific Career System, National Academy of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig City 1631, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Rochelle Haidee D Ybañez
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ringo AE, Adjou Moumouni PF, Taioe M, Jirapattharasate C, Liu M, Wang G, Gao Y, Guo H, Lee SH, Zheng W, Efstratiou A, Li J, Inoue N, Suzuki H, Thekisoe O, Xuan X. Molecular analysis of tick-borne protozoan and rickettsial pathogens in small ruminants from two South African provinces. Parasitol Int 2017; 67:144-149. [PMID: 29155280 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne protozoan and rickettsial diseases are a major threat to livestock in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa. In this study we investigated the presence and distribution of Theileria spp., Babesia ovis, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia ruminantium and SFG Rickettsia in sheep and goats from Free State and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. A total of 91 blood samples were screened in this study, 61 from goats and 30 from sheep. PCR assay was conducted using primers based on Theileria spp. 18S rRNA, Babesia ovis (BoSSU rRNA), Anaplasma ovis (AoMSP4), Anaplasma phagocytophilum epank1, Ehrlichia ruminantium pCS20 and SFG Rickettsia OmpA. Overall infection rates of Theileria spp., Anaplasma ovis and Ehrlichia ruminantium were 18 (19.8%), 33 (36.3%) and 13 (14.3%), respectively. The co-infection of two pathogens were detected in 17/91 (18.7%) of all samples, goats having higher rates of co-infection compared to sheep. Phylogenetic tree analysis sequence of pCS20 gene of E. ruminantium of this study was found to be in the same clade with Kumm2 and Riverside strains both from South Africa. The phylogram of SSU rRNA of Theileria ovis had longer branch length compared to all other sequences most of which were from Asia and Middle East. This study provides important data for understanding the tick-borne diseases occurrence in the study area and it is expected to improve the approach for the diagnosis and control of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Edmond Ringo
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Moeti Taioe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Charoonluk Jirapattharasate
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Mingming Liu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Guanbo Wang
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yang Gao
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Huanping Guo
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Weiqing Zheng
- Department of Disinfection and Vector Control, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330038, China
| | - Artemis Efstratiou
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Jixu Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Orkun Ö, Karaer Z. Molecular characterization of Babesia species in wild animals and their ticks in Turkey. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 55:8-13. [PMID: 28851619 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To date, no study has investigated Babesia ecology in wild boars, hares or foxes in Turkey. This study aimed to determine and characterize Babesia spp. in wild animals and their ticks. We identified a novel Babesia genotype and four known Babesia species in wild animals and their ticks. We detected Babesia spp. molecularly in hares for the first time. In addition, we identified B. vulpes in foxes for the first time in Turkey. The presence of B. rossi, B. crassa and B. occultans was also revealed in ticks collected from wild boars and hares. This is only the second report of B. rossi in ticks outside of Africa and suggests that B. rossi is circulating in ticks in Turkey. Therefore B. rossi poses a significant threat to domestic dogs. Here we demonstrate the role of wild animals in the life cycle of Babesia species in Turkey and contribute to Babesia ecological and taxonomic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Orkun
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Zafer Karaer
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aktas M, Ozubek S. A survey of canine haemoprotozoan parasites from Turkey, including molecular evidence of an unnamed Babesia. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 52:36-42. [PMID: 28673460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Canine tick-borne apicomplexan parasites have emerged in recent years, showing a wider geographic distribution and increased global prevalence. A reverse line blot assay was performed on 219 blood samples collected from domestic dogs for simultaneous detection of all named canine piroplasm species as well as Hepatozoon canis. Ten samples hybridized to the Theileria/Babesia and Babesia catch all probes but did not hybridize to any species-specific probe tested, suggesting the presence of an unrecognized Babesia species or genotype. Sequencing results showed 91.5%, 91.9%, 92.4%, 92.4%, and 89.2% similarity to B. canis, B. vogeli, B. rossi, B. gibsoni, and B. conradae, respectively. The highest homology (98.1-98.5%) observed was with unnamed Babesia sp. isolates (Ludhiana and Malbazar) described in dogs, Babesia sp. of buffalo origin, Babesia sp. Kashi 2, and Babesia orientalis, along with Babesia occultans of cattle origin. The partial cox1 sequence indicated that this isolate was most similar to Babesia sp. 1 HG-2012, with an identity of 86.5%. The survey revealed high prevalence of haemoprotozoans in domestic dogs (57.5%, CI 50.7-64.2), with Hepatozoon canis the most prevalent (54.3%, CI 47.5-61.117%), followed by Babesia sp. (4.6%, CI 2.2-8.2), B. vogeli (1.4%; CI 0.3-3.9), and B. canis (0.4%, CI 0-2.5). Combined infection of Hepatozoon canis and Babesia sp. was detected in five (2.3%, CI 0.7-5.2) samples and of H. canis and B. vogeli in two (0.9%, CI 0.1-3.2) dogs. The study contributes insight into the distribution and phylogenetic diversity of canine piroplasms in Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munir Aktas
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Sezayi Ozubek
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Assessing the performance of multiplexed tandem PCR for the diagnosis of pathogenic genotypes of Theileria orientalis using pooled blood samples from cattle. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 31:70-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
36
|
Jirapattharasate C, Adjou Moumouni PF, Cao S, Iguchi A, Liu M, Wang G, Zhou M, Vudriko P, Efstratiou A, Changbunjong T, Sungpradit S, Ratanakorn P, Moonarmart W, Sedwisai P, Weluwanarak T, Wongsawang W, Suzuki H, Xuan X. Molecular detection and genetic diversity of bovine Babesia spp., Theileria orientalis, and Anaplasma marginale in beef cattle in Thailand. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:751-762. [PMID: 28028631 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Babesia spp., Theileria orientalis, and Anaplasma marginale are significant tick-borne pathogens that affect the health and productivity of cattle in tropical and subtropical areas. In this study, we used PCR to detect the presence of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and T. orientalis in 279 beef cattle from Western Thailand and A. marginale in 608 beef cattle from the north, northeastern, and western regions. The PCRs were performed using species-specific primers based on the B. bovis spherical body protein 2 (BboSBP2), B. bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1a (BbiRAP-1a), T. orientalis major piroplasm surface protein (ToMPSP), and A. marginale major surface protein 4 (AmMSP4) genes. To determine the genetic diversity of the above parasites, amplicons of B. bovis and B. bigemina ITS1-5.8s rRNA gene-ITS2 regions (B. bovis ITS, B. bigemina ITS), ToMPSP, and AmMSP4 genes were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. PCR results revealed that the prevalence of B. bovis, B. bigemina, T. orientalis, and A. marginale in the Western region was 11.1, 12.5, 7.8, and 39.1 %, respectively. Coinfections of two or three parasites were observed in 17.9 % of the animals sampled. The study revealed that the prevalence of A. marginale in the western region was higher than in the north and northeastern regions (7 %). Sequence analysis showed the BboSBP2 gene to be more conserved than B. bovis ITS in the different isolates and, similarly, the BbiRAP-1a was more conserved than B. bigemina ITS. In the phylogenetic analysis, T. orientalis MPSP sequences were classified into types 3, 5, and 7 as previously reported. A. marginale MSP4 gene sequences shared high identity and similarity with each other and clustered with isolates from other countries. This study provides information on the prevalence and genetic diversity of tick-borne pathogens in beef cattle and highlights the need for effective strategies to control these pathogens in Thailand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charoonluk Jirapattharasate
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.,Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shinuo Cao
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Aiko Iguchi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mingming Liu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Guanbo Wang
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mo Zhou
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Artemis Efstratiou
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sivapong Sungpradit
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Parntep Ratanakorn
- Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Walasinee Moonarmart
- Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Poonyapat Sedwisai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Thekhawet Weluwanarak
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Witsanu Wongsawang
- Livestock and Wildlife Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Saiyok District, Kanchanaburi, 71150, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sivakumar T, Kothalawala H, Weerasooriya G, Silva SSP, Puvanendiran S, Munkhjargal T, Igarashi I, Yokoyama N. A longitudinal study of Babesia and Theileria infections in cattle in Sri Lanka. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2016; 6:20-27. [PMID: 31014523 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the world, infections with the Babesia and Theileria parasites often result in economically significant clinical disease in cattle. We conducted a longitudinal survey of Babesia and Theileria infections in cattle from the Polonnaruwa (n=75; dry zone) and Nuwara Eliya (n=161; wet zone) districts of Sri Lanka. DNA from blood samples collected in June, September, and December 2014 and March 2015 was screened for Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata and Theileria orientalis using specific polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Additionally, serum samples collected from the animals were screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect B. bovis- and B. bigemina-specific antibodies. All of the animals surveyed in Polonnaruwa and 150 (93.2%) of the animals surveyed in Nuwara Eliya were PCR-positive for Babesia and/or Theileria at least once during the study period. A greater percentage of the cattle in Polonnaruwa were positive for T. annulata and T. orientalis than B. bovis or B. bigemina at all time points. T. orientalis was the most common infection in Nuwara Eliya. Additionally, more cattle were seropositive for B. bigemina than B. bovis in both districts. Although significant variations were sometimes observed in the rates of animals that were positive for B. bigemina, T. annulata, and T. orientalis at the different sampling time points, the rates of new infections with these parasites (by PCR or ELISA) on second, third, and fourth time points among the parasite-negative samples at the first, second, and third time points, respectively, did not differ between the sampling in either district-suggesting that the parasite species infected cattle at a constant rate in these locations. However, in Polonnaruwa, the rates of new infection with T. annulata were higher than the rates of new infection with T. orientalis. The rates were also higher than those in Nuwara Eliya. In Nuwara Eliya, the rates of new infection with T. orientalis were higher than the rates of new infection with T. annulata. The rates were also higher than those in T. orientalis in Polonnaruwa. These differences might be due to variations in the density and activity of the specific tick vectors within and between the districts. Our findings suggest the need for year-round control measures against bovine Babesia and Theileria infection in Sri Lanka. Further studies to determine the densities of the vector tick species in the different geographical areas of the country are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thillaiampalam Sivakumar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Veterinary Research Institute, P.O. Box 28, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Gayani Weerasooriya
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Veterinary Research Institute, P.O. Box 28, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Tserendorj Munkhjargal
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Igarashi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li Y, Liu Z, Liu J, Yang J, Li Q, Guo P, Guan G, Liu G, Luo J, Yin H, Li Y. Seroprevalence of bovine theileriosis in northern China. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:591. [PMID: 27863521 PMCID: PMC5116182 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine theileriosis is a common disease transmitted by ticks, and can cause loss of beef and dairy cattle worldwide. Here, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on Theileria luwenshuni surface protein (TlSP) was developed and used to carry out a seroepidemiological survey of bovine theileriosis in northern China. Methods We used the BugBuster Ni-NTA His•Bind Purification Kit to purify recombinant TlSP (rTlSP), which was subsequently analyzed by Western Blotting to evaluate cross-reactivity with other pathogen-positive sera. The iELISA method based on rTlSP was successfully developed. Sera from 2005 blood samples were tested with the rTlSP-iELISA method, and blood smears from these samples were observed by microscopy. Results The specificity of iELISA was 98.9%, the sensitivity was 98.5%, and the cut-off was selected as 24.6%. Western Blot analysis of rTlSP confirmed that there were cross-reactions with Theileria luwenshuni, Theileria uilenbergi, Theileria ovis, Theileria annulata, Theileria orientalis and Theileria sinensis. The epidemiological survey showed that the highest positive rate of bovine theileriosis was 98.3%, the lowest rate was 84.1%, and the average positive rate was 95.4% by iELISA. With microscopy, the highest positive rate was 38.9%, the lowest rate was 5.1%, and the relative average positive rate was 13.7%. Conclusions An rTlSP-iELISA was developed to detect circulating antibodies against bovine Theileria in northern China. This is the first report on the seroprevalence of bovine theileriosis in northern China, and it also provides seroepidemiological data on bovine theileriosis in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sivakumar T, Igarashi I, Yokoyama N. Babesia ovata: Taxonomy, phylogeny and epidemiology. Vet Parasitol 2016; 229:99-106. [PMID: 27809988 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Babesia ovata, which is transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis, is an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite of cattle. Based on its morphology, B. ovata is classified as a large-type Babesia. The developmental stages of B. ovata have been described both in cattle and the tick vector. In infected adult female ticks, the parasite is transovarially transmitted to the tick eggs. The sexual reproduction of B. ovata has been demonstrated in the tick midgut. The diagnostic tools that are currently available for the specific detection of B. ovata in cattle include microscopy and polymerase chain reaction assays. The development of improved molecular and serological diagnostic tools has been constrained by the limited availability of genetic data. B. ovata has been reported in cattle populations in Japan, Korea, China, Mongolia and Thailand. B. ovata was thought to be a benign parasite; however, infections in immuno compromised or Theileria orientalis-infected animals are clinically significant. Thus, control strategies aimed at minimizing the prevalence of B. ovata are vital. The taxonomy of B. ovata is unclear, and the phylogenetic position has not been well defined. Consequently, non-B. ovata species have sometimes been classified as B. ovata. In this review, we provide an outline of the lifecycle, geographical distribution, and control of B. ovata, and critically discuss the taxonomy and phylogeny of this bovine Babesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thillaiampalam Sivakumar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Igarashi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Charaya G, Rakha NK, Maan S, Kumar A, Kumar T, Jhambh R. Comparative evaluation of polymerase chain reaction assay with microscopy for detection of asymptomatic carrier state of theileriosis in a herd of crossbred cattle. Vet World 2016; 9:1039-1042. [PMID: 27733810 PMCID: PMC5057027 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1039-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to develop and to standardize a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that will diagnose clinical as well as carrier state of the disease and to compare the results with conventional microscopy technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS A herd of crossbred cattle with the previous history of theileriosis in village Lahli, district Rohtak, Haryana, was selected for this study. A total of 29 blood samples were collected randomly from cows including five clinically ill cattle. Blood smears from all animals and lymph node biopsy smears from animal with swollen lymph nodes were examined microscopically after conventional Giemsa staining. Phenol chloroform isoamyl alcohol method was used for extracting DNA from blood. Previously published primers targeting cytochrome b gene sequence of Theileria annulata were used in the PCR assay that was standardized to use in the laboratory. RESULTS Out of 29 samples tested,18 (62.06%) were found positive for theileriosis by PCR assay, whereas only 10 (34.48%) samples were detected positive by conventional microscopic technique using Giemsa staining method. CONCLUSIONS On the basis results of comparative studies, it can be concluded that PCR assay is a more sensitive than microscopic examination for detection of theileriosis. This can be attributed to the ability of PCR assay to detect small amounts of genomic DNA of T. annulata or low parasitemia in cows. Therefore, PCR assay can serve as a more sensitive tool to detect Theileria for detection of theileriosis even in asymptomatic carrier cattle which is important for the implementation of successful control programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Charaya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - N K Rakha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ricky Jhambh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Investigating the diversity of the 18S SSU rRNA hyper-variable region of Theileria in cattle and Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) from southern Africa using a next generation sequencing approach. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:869-879. [PMID: 27084674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular classification and systematics of the Theileria is based on the analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. Reverse line blot or conventional sequencing approaches have disadvantages in the study of 18S rRNA diversity and a next-generation 454 sequencing approach was investigated. The 18S rRNA gene was amplified using RLB primers coupled to 96 unique sequence identifiers (MIDs). Theileria positive samples from African buffalo (672) and cattle (480) from southern Africa were combined in batches of 96 and sequenced using the GS Junior 454 sequencer to produce 825711 informative sequences. Sequences were extracted based on MIDs and analysed to identify Theileria genotypes. Genotypes observed in buffalo and cattle were confirmed in the current study, while no new genotypes were discovered. Genotypes showed specific geographic distributions, most probably linked with vector distributions. Host specificity of buffalo and cattle specific genotypes were confirmed and prevalence data as well as relative parasitemia trends indicate preference for different hosts. Mixed infections are common with African buffalo carrying more genotypes compared to cattle. Associative or exclusion co-infection profiles were observed between genotypes that may have implications for speciation and systematics: specifically that more Theileria species may exist in cattle and buffalo than currently recognized. Analysis of primers used for Theileria parva diagnostics indicate that no new genotypes will be amplified by the current primer sets confirming their specificity. T. parva SNP variants that occur in the 18S rRNA hypervariable region were confirmed. A next generation sequencing approach is useful in obtaining comprehensive knowledge regarding 18S rRNA diversity and prevalence for the Theileria, allowing for the assessment of systematics and diagnostic assays based on the 18S gene.
Collapse
|
42
|
Gebrekidan H, Gasser RB, Baneth G, Yasur-Landau D, Nachum-Biala Y, Hailu A, Jabbar A. Molecular characterization of Theileria orientalis from cattle in Ethiopia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:742-747. [PMID: 27034193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the first molecular characterization of Theileria orientalis in local breeds of cattle in Ethiopia. A conventional PCR utilizing major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene and an established multiplexed tandem PCR (MT-PCR) were used to characterize T. orientalis and to assess the infection intensity, respectively. Of 232 blood samples tested, T. orientalis DNA was detected in only 2.2% of samples using conventional PCR; two genotypes buffeli (1.3%; 3/232) and type 5 (0.9%; 2/232) of T. orientalis were detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the buffeli MPSP sequences from Ethiopia were closely related to those reported from Kenya, Sri Lanka and Myanmar, and type 5 sequences from Ethiopia grouped with those from Korea, Japan, Vietnam and Thailand. A higher number of samples (3.9%; 9/232) were test-positive by MT-PCR and four genotypes (buffeli, chitose, ikeda and type 5) of T. orientalis were detected. The average intensity of infections with genotypes buffeli (DNA copy numbers 11,056) and type 5 (7508) were significantly higher (P<0.0001) than the pathogenic genotype ikeda (61 DNA copies). This first insight into T. orientalis from cattle in Ethiopia using MPSP gene provides a basis for future studies of T. orientalis in various agroclimatic zones and of the impact of oriental theilerosis on cattle in this and other countries of Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagos Gebrekidan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Gad Baneth
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Yasur-Landau
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asrat Hailu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Molecular survey of Babesia infections in cattle from different areas of Myanmar. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:204-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
44
|
Whitacre LK, Tizioto PC, Kim J, Sonstegard TS, Schroeder SG, Alexander LJ, Medrano JF, Schnabel RD, Taylor JF, Decker JE. What's in your next-generation sequence data? An exploration of unmapped DNA and RNA sequence reads from the bovine reference individual. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1114. [PMID: 26714747 PMCID: PMC4696311 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing projects commonly commence by aligning reads to a reference genome assembly. While improvements in alignment algorithms and computational hardware have greatly enhanced the efficiency and accuracy of alignments, a significant percentage of reads often remain unmapped. RESULTS We generated de novo assemblies of unmapped reads from the DNA and RNA sequencing of the Bos taurus reference individual and identified the closest matching sequence to each contig by alignment to the NCBI non-redundant nucleotide database using BLAST. As expected, many of these contigs represent vertebrate sequence that is absent, incomplete, or misassembled in the UMD3.1 reference assembly. However, numerous additional contigs represent invertebrate species. Most prominent were several species of Spirurid nematodes and a blood-borne parasite, Babesia bigemina. These species are either not present in the US or are not known to infect taurine cattle and the reference animal appears to have been host to unsequenced sister species. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the importance of exploring unmapped reads to ascertain sequences that are either absent or misassembled in the reference assembly and for detecting sequences indicative of parasitic or commensal organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey K Whitacre
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Polyana C Tizioto
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - JaeWoo Kim
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Tad S Sonstegard
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA. .,Recombinetics Inc., 1246 University Ave W #301, St Paul, MN, 55104, USA.
| | - Steven G Schroeder
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | | | - Juan F Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Robert D Schnabel
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Jeremy F Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Jared E Decker
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chauhan HC, Patel BK, Bhagat AG, Patel MV, Patel SI, Raval SH, Panchasara HH, Shrimali MD, Patel AC, Chandel BS. Comparison of molecular and microscopic technique for detection of Theileria annulata from the field cases of cattle. Vet World 2015; 8:1370-4. [PMID: 27047045 PMCID: PMC4774753 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1370-1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Tropical theileriosis is fatal hemoprotozoal disease of dairy animals caused by Theileria annulata. The aim of the present study was to detect the T. annulata and comparison of results of molecular and microscopic techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 52 blood samples were collected from the cattle suspected for theileriosis across the Banaskantha district. All the samples were screened for theileriosis using Giemsa's staining technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Total of 17 (32.69%) and 24 (46.15%) samples were found positive for theileriosis by microscopic examination and PCR test, respectively. It revealed that the study area is endemic for theileriosis, and the microscopic technique has 70.83% sensitivity and 100% specificity with respect to PCR technique. CONCLUSION It may be concluded from the present study that the PCR is comparatively sensitive technique than microscopic examination and may be recommended to use in the field for screening of theileriosis in the study area, where a high prevalence of diseases have been reported due to intensive dairy farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Chauhan
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - B K Patel
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - A G Bhagat
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - M V Patel
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - S I Patel
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - S H Raval
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal House, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - H H Panchasara
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (College Clinics), College of Veterinary Science & Animal House, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - M D Shrimali
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - A C Patel
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - B S Chandel
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jirapattharasate C, Adjou Moumouni PF, Cao S, Iguchi A, Liu M, Wang G, Zhou M, Vudriko P, Changbunjong T, Sungpradit S, Ratanakorn P, Moonarmart W, Sedwisai P, Weluwanarak T, Wongsawang W, Suzuki H, Xuan X. Molecular epidemiology of bovine Babesia spp. and Theileria orientalis parasites in beef cattle from northern and northeastern Thailand. Parasitol Int 2015; 65:62-69. [PMID: 26475202 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Beef cattle production represents the largest cattle population in Thailand. Their productivity is constrained by tick-borne diseases such as babesiosis and theileriosis. In this study, we determined the prevalence of Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Theileria orientalis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genetic markers that were used for detection of the above parasites were sequenced to determine identities and similarity for Babesia spp. and genetic diversity of T. orientalis. Furthermore the risk factors for the occurrence of the above protozoan parasites in beef cattle from northern and northeastern parts of Thailand were assessed. A total of 329 blood samples were collected from beef cattle in 6 provinces. The study revealed that T. orientalis was the most prevalent (30.1%) parasite in beef cattle followed by B. bigemina (13.1%) and B. bovis (5.5%). Overall, 78.7% of the cattle screened were infected with at least one of the above parasites. Co-infection with Babesia spp. and T. orientalis was 30.1%. B. bigemina and T. orientalis were the most prevalent (15.1%) co-infection although triple infection with the three parasites was observed in 3.0% of the samples. Sequencing analysis revealed that B. bigemina RAP1 gene and B. bovis SBP2 gene were conserved among the parasites from different cattle samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the T. orientalis MPSP gene from parasites isolated from cattle in north and northeast Thailand was classified into types 5 and 7 as reported previously. Lack of tick control program was the universal risk factor of the occurrence of Babesia spp. and T. orientalis infection in beef cattle in northern and northeastern Thailand. We therefore recommend training of farmers on appropriate tick control strategies and further research on potential vectors for T. orientalis and elucidate the effect of co-infection with Babesia spp. on the pathogenicity of T. orientalis infection on beef in northern and northeastern Thailand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charoonluk Jirapattharasate
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shinuo Cao
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Aiko Iguchi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mingming Liu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Guanbo Wang
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mo Zhou
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sivapong Sungpradit
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Parntep Ratanakorn
- Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Walasinee Moonarmart
- Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Poonyapat Sedwisai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Thekhawet Weluwanarak
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Witsanu Wongsawang
- Livestock and Wildlife Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University (Kanchanaburi Campus), Saiyok District, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhou M, Cao S, Sevinc F, Sevinc M, Ceylan O, Moumouni PFA, Jirapattharasate C, Liu M, Wang G, Iguchi A, Vudriko P, Suzuki H, Xuan X. Molecular detection and genetic identification of Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata, Theileria orientalis and Anaplasma marginale in Turkey. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 7:126-134. [PMID: 26492823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Babesia spp., Theileria spp. and Anaplasma spp. are significant tick-borne pathogens of livestock globally. In this study, we investigated the presence and distribution of Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata, Theileria orientalis and Anaplasma marginale in cattle from 6 provinces of Turkey using species-specific PCR assays. The PCR were conducted using the primers based on the B. bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1a (BbiRAP-1a), T. annulata merozoite surface antigen-1 (Tams-1), T. orientalis major piroplasm surface protein (ToMPSP) and A. marginale major surface protein 4 (AmMSP4) genes, respectively. Fragments of B. bigemina internal transcribed spacer (BbiITS), T. annulata internal transcribed spacer (TaITS), ToMPSP and AmMSP4 genes were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. PCR results revealed that the overall infections of A. marginale, T. annulata, B. bigemina and T. orientalis were 29.1%, 18.9%, 11.2% and 5.6%, respectively. The co-infection of two or three pathogens was detected in 29/196 (15.1%) of the cattle samples. The results of sequence analysis indicated that BbiRAP-1a, BbiITS, Tams-1, ToMPSP and AmMSP4 were conserved among the Turkish samples, with 99.76%, 99-99.8%, 99.34-99.78%, 96.9-99.61% and 99.42-99.71% sequence identity values, respectively. In contrast, the Turkish TaITS gene sequences were relatively diverse with 92.3-96.63% identity values. B. bigemina isolates from Turkey were found in the same clade as the isolates from other countries in phylogenetic analysis. On the other hand, phylogenetic analysis based on T. annulata ITS sequences revealed significant differences in the genotypes of T. annulata isolates from Turkey. Additionally, the T. orientalis isolates from Turkish samples were classified as MPSP type 3 genotype. This is the first report of type 3 MPSP in Turkey. Moreover, AmMSP4 isolates from Turkey were found in the same clade as the isolates from other countries. This study provides important data for understanding the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases and it is expected to improve approach for diagnosis and control of tick-borne diseases in Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhou
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shinuo Cao
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ferda Sevinc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Sevinc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Onur Ceylan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Charoonluk Jirapattharasate
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mingming Liu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Guanbo Wang
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Aiko Iguchi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zulfiqar S, Shahnawaz S, Ali M, Bhutta AM, Iqbal S, Hayat S, Qadir S, Latif M, Kiran N, Saeed A, Ali M, Iqbal F. Detection of Babesia bovis in blood samples and its effect on the hematological and serum biochemical profile in large ruminants from Southern Punjab. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:104-8. [PMID: 23569878 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the presence of Babesia bovis (B. bovis) in large ruminants in southern Punjab and its effect on hematological and serum biochemical profile of host animals. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 144 large ruminants, including 105 cattle and 39 buffaloes, from six districts in southern Punjab including Multan, Layyah, Muzaffar Garh, Bhakar, Bahawalnagar and Vehari. Data on the characteristics of animals and herds were collected through questionnaires. Different blood (hemoglobin, glucose) and serum (ALT, AST, LDH, cholesterol) parameters of calves and cattle were measured and compared between parasite positive and negative samples to demonstrate the effect of B. bovis on the blood and serological profile of infected animals. RESULTS 27 out of 144 animals, from 5 out of 6 sampling districts, produced the 541-bp fragment specific for B. bovis. Age of animals (P=0.02), presence of ticks on animals (P=0.04) and presence of ticks on dogs associated with herds (P=0.5) were among the major risk factors involved in the spread of bovine babesiosis in the study area. ALT concentrations were the only serum biochemical values that significantly varied between parasite positive and negative cattle. CONCLUSIONS : This study has reported for the first time the presence of B. bovis in large ruminant and the results can lead to the prevention of babesiosis in the region to increase the livestock output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Zulfiqar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Molecular detection and characterization of Hepatozoon spp. in dogs from the central part of Turkey. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 6:388-92. [PMID: 25800100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine hepatozoonosis is a tick-borne protozoal disease caused by Hepatozoon spp. Two species of Hepatozoon are currently known to infect dogs as Hepatozoon canis and H. americanum. Although H. canis generally causes a chronic infection with relatively mild clinical alterations compared to H. americanum, infection by H. canis can be life-threatening. The disease is widespread in USA, Africa, Europe, South America, and Asia. To determine the frequency of infection with Hepatozoon spp. in stray dogs from Central Anatolia Region of Turkey, a total of 221 blood samples collected over a three-year period were evaluated by using genus specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) designed to amplify a fragment of 666bp located in 18 S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon spp. Eight (3.61%) blood samples were positive for Hepatozoon spp. For the classification of species, all positive PCR products were purified with a PCR purification kit and sequenced. Sequencing results of eight representative amplicons indicated that 6 were 98-99% identical to the sequence of H. canis and the other 2 sequences were 95-97% identical to the sequence of Hepatozoon spp. So it was named Hepatozoon sp. MF. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from the sequences of the tick-borne agents identified previously and in this study using the neighbor-joining method. The nucleotide sequences were compared to the H. canis sequences reported in Turkey using the nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) program. The results of this study are significant in terms of the presence of a novel canine Hepatozoon genotype.
Collapse
|
50
|
Perera PK, Gasser RB, Read E, Malmo J, Nguyen H, Nyein S, Cheng A, Jex AR, Rawlin G, Spithill TW, Jabbar A. Use of multiplexed tandem PCR to estimate the prevalence and intensity of Theileria orientalis infections in cattle. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 32:68-73. [PMID: 25735730 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study employed a semi-quantitative, multiplexed tandem PCR (MT-PCR) to assess the prevalence and infection intensity of four genotypes (buffeli, chitose, ikeda and type 5) of Theileria orientalis in cattle in Australia. Genomic DNA samples from blood samples (n=448) collected from 27 to 32 dairy cows from each of 15 dairy herds with a history of recent theileriosis outbreaks (Group 1), and from blood samples available from 24 cows with or without oriental theileriosis (Group 2) were tested using MT-PCR. Results revealed that all four genotypes were present in Group 1 cattle; genotype buffeli had the highest prevalence (80.5%), followed by genotypes ikeda (71.4%), chitose (38.6%) and type 5 (20.3%). Genotype ikeda had the highest average infection intensity in the cattle (relating to 55,277 DNA copies), followed by buffeli, chitose and type 5 (6354-51,648 copies). For Group 2, results indicated that genotype ikeda had a significantly higher average intensity of infection than buffeli in symptomatic cattle (P<0.001), and symptomatic cattle had a higher intensity of ikeda than asymptomatic cattle (P=0.004). Future studies should assess the utility of the present MT-PCR assay as a diagnostic and epidemiological tool in other parts of Australasia and the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyumali K Perera
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Read
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jakob Malmo
- Maffra Veterinary Centre, Maffra, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Nyein
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allan Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron R Jex
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant Rawlin
- Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence W Spithill
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|