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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Van Doan H, Gatphayak K, Balasundaram C, El-Haroun E, Soltani M. Immunomulation effect of alginic acid and chitooligosaccharides in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:592-603. [PMID: 35977648 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Individual and combined efficacy of chitooligosaccharides (COS) and alginic acid (AA) at 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g per kg diet was assessed on growth and disease resistance in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) against Edwardsiella ictaluri. Growth parameters including specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion rate (FCR) were significant in fish fed 2 g and 3 g kg-1 of COS or AA, and fish fed combined COS + AA at 1, 2 and 3 kg-1 diet. In all groups, the survival rate (SR) was recorded 100%, except in group fed 2 g kg-1 AA diet. All the hematological and biochemical profiles significantly increased in groups fed 2 g and 3 g kg-1 of COS, AA, and COS + AA diets. Lipase and amylase enzyme activities and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased in fish fed 2 g and 3 g kg-1 of COS, AA, and COS + AA diet. Respiratory burst (RB), lysozyme (Lyz), reactive oxygen species (ROS) activities, and immunoglobuline (Ig) level were enhanced significantly in fish fed 2 g kg-1 of COS or COS + AA and all 3 g kg-1 diets, whereas nitric acid (NO) production and serum AP activity were improved in 2 g kg-1 COS + AA and 3 g kg-1 COS or COS + AA diets. Pro-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-8 mRNA transcriptions was significant in 2 g kg-1 COS + AA diet and all 3 g kg-1 diet. The IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA transcriptions were significant in 3 g kg-1 COS or COS + AA diets. This study was confirmed that H. molitrix fed with 3 g kg-1 COS or COS + AA diets were better activity when compared to other diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
| | - Kesinee Gatphayak
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ehab El-Haroun
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
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Steverding D. Scuticociliatosis caused by Philasterides dicentrarchi. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 150:87-101. [PMID: 35899962 DOI: 10.3354/dao03678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ciliate Philasterides dicentrarchi has been previously identified as a new agent of scuticociliatosis in marine fish. The parasite can cause high mortalities in fish reared on farms or kept in aquariums. P. dicentrarchi is usually a free-living protozoan but can become an opportunistic histophagous parasite causing rapid lethal systemic infections in cultured fish. This review provides information about the morphology and biology of the scuticociliate P. dicentrarchi, as well as information about the pathological and immunological reactions of the host in response to the infection with the parasite. The epidemiology and the control strategies of the disease are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Steverding
- Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, James Watson Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
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Silva-Brito F, Cardoso A, Machado M, Ramos-Pinto L, Hinzmann M, Abreu H, Costas B, Magnoni L. Dietary supplementation with Gracilaria gracilis by-products modulates the immune status and oxidative stress response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) stimulated with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:164-177. [PMID: 35623544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of agar waste (AW) dietary supplementation, obtained from the seaweed Gracilaria gracilis cultivated under two different spectral lights, neutral (NT) and blue (BL), on haematological parameters, inflammatory response, and antioxidant biomarkers of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Three diets were prepared: i) a basal diet (CTR), ii) a diet supplemented with 2.5% NT, and iii) a diet supplemented with 2.5% BL. After 15 days of feeding, fish were injected with PBS (placebo) or inactivated Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (stimulated) and sampled at 4 h and 24 h post-stimulus. Results indicated that fish fed NT and BL supplemented diets had lower Ht value and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than fish fed the CTR diet, regardless of the stimulus and the sampling time. No differences in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were found between fish fed the different diets, while the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased in fish fed AW supplemented diets compared to fish fed the CTR diet, regardless of the stimulus and the sampling time. In response to inflammation, fish fed the NT diet displayed higher neutrophils count in blood when compared to the CTR group, regardless of the stimulus and sampling time. Thrombocyte count was higher in fish fed NT and BL diets than in the CTR group, especially in the stimulated fish (Diet*injection (D*I), P = 0.004). An increase in plasma protease activity was detected in fish fed NT or BL diets in both placebo and stimulated fish regardless of the sampling time. Hepatic catalase activity was higher in fish fed the NT and BL than in the CTR group, particularly in the stimulated fish (D*I, P < 0.001). In addition, both stimulated and placebo fish that received the BL diet showed an increase in hepatic GR activity compared to the CTR group, regardless of the sampling time. Dietary supplementation with AW by-products obtained from G. gracilis cultured under NT and BL conditions showed to improve the inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms in gilthead seabream in response to a UV-killed bacterial stimulus, having valuable applications for the sustainable use of seaweed toward improving the health and welfare of cultured fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Silva-Brito
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 225, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Marina Machado
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Lourenço Ramos-Pinto
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Mariana Hinzmann
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Helena Abreu
- ALGAplus - Produção e Comercialização de Algas e seus Derivados, Rua do Mar s/n, 3830-165, Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Benjamín Costas
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 225, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Magnoni
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Van Doan H, Vijay S, Balasundaram C, Ringø E, Hoseinifar SH, Jaturasithaf S. Dietary plant pigment on blood-digestive physiology, antioxidant-immune response, and inflammatory gene transcriptional regulation in spotted snakehead (Channa punctata) infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:716-736. [PMID: 34968713 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study addressed to investigate the effect of lycopene (LYC) on blood physiology, digestive-antioxidant enzyme activity, specific-nonspecific immune response, and inflammatory gene transcriptional regulation (cytokines, heat shock proteins, vitellogenins) in spotted snakehead (Channa punctata) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In unchallenged and challenged fish treated with 200 mg LYC enriched diet the growth performance and digestive-antioxidant enzymes increased after 30 days, whereas with inclusion of 100 or 400 mg LYC in the diets, the increase manifested on or after 45 days. No mortality in fish treated with any LYC diet against P. aeruginosa was revealed. In the unchallenged and challenged fish the phagocytic (PC) activity in head kidney (HK) and spleen were significantly enhanced when fed the control diet or other LYC diets, whereas the respiratory burst (RB) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production significantly increased when fed the 200 mg diet for 45 and 60 days. Similarly, the lysozyme (Lyz) activity in the HK and spleen, and total Ig content in serum were significantly higher in both groups fed the 200 mg LYC diet for 15, 45, and 60 days. Heat shock protein (Hsp 70) was significantly improved in the uninfected group fed the 200 mg LYC diet for 45 and 60 days, but Hsp27 did not significantly change among the experimental groups at any time points. TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA pro-inflammatory cytokine expression significantly increased in both groups fed the 200 mg LYC diet after 45 and 60 days, while the IL-12 mRNA expression was moderate in both groups fed the same diet for 60 days. The IL-10 did not significant mRNA expression between groups at any sampling. The iNOS and NF-κB mRNA expression was pointedly high in both groups fed the 200 mg LYC diet on day 45 and 60. Vitellogenin A (VgA) mRNA was significantly higher in the uninfected fish fed the 100 and 200 mg LYC diets for 45 and 60 days, but VgB did not reveal significant difference between the treatment groups at any time points. The present results suggest that supplementation of LYC at 200 mg significantly modulate the blood physiology, digestive-antioxidant enzymes, specific-nonspecific immune parameters, and cytokines, Hsp, and vitellogenins in spotted snakehead against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd, Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - S Vijay
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur, 613-005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sanchai Jaturasithaf
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd, Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Van Doan H, Jawahar S, Balasundaram C, Saravanan K, Arockiaraj J, Soltani M, Jaturasitha S. Study on antioxidant potential, immunological response, and inflammatory cytokines induction of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) in silver carp against vibriosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:193-208. [PMID: 34601139 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effect of dietary with 100, 200, and 300 mg kg-1 glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on growth enhancer, blood physiology, digestive-antioxidant enzyme ability, innate-adaptive defense, and inflammatory cytokines induction was studied in silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix against vibriosis caused by Vibrio alginolyticus. Significant weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and 100% survival rate (SR) was attained non-infected health (NiH) fish fed in control or all GA diets on 30, 45, and 60 days. Both NiH and V. alginolyticus challenged (VaC) fish treated with 200 mg GA diet significantly (P < 0.05) exhibited an enhancement in leucocytes value on 30, 45, and 60 days. Albumin (AB) or total proteins (TP) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) better in both groups fed 200 GA on 45 and 60 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were also substantial (P < 0.05) in both groups fed 200 mg GA on days 30, 45, and 60; whereas glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly (P < 0.05) better in both groups received 200 mg GA on days 45 and 60. Phagocytic (PC) and lysozyme (Lyz) activities significantly enhanced in both groups fed 200 or 300 mg GA on 45 and 60 days. Respiratory burst (RB), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and immunoglobulin (Ig) production significantly (P < 0.05) increased in both groups administered 200 or 300 mg GA. Growth hormone (GH) mRNA was up regulated in 200 mg GA trial on 45 days and in 200 or 300 mg GA treatments on 60 days. The IL-8 cytokine mRNA expression was up-regulated in both groups 200 and 300 mg GA on days 45 and 60, whereas TNF-α mRNA expression was increased in 200 mg GA. In addition, IL-10 cytokine mRNA expression was up regulated in 200 mg GA on 45 days whereas it was increased in both 200 mg and 300 mg GA trial on 60 days. The present study revealed that feeding fish 200 mg GA per kg diet demonstrated a better growth, digestive-antioxidant activity, innate-adaptive defense, and inflammatory cytokines induction than lower or higher dosage of GA in H. molitrix against V. alginolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Sundaram Jawahar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur, 613-005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University, Tehran, Iran; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Leya T, Ahmad I, Valappil RK, Kurcheti PP, Tripathi G, Sharma R, Bedekar MK. Development of species-specific IgM antibodies and elevation of mucosal immune response in Labeo rohita using recombinant bicistronic nano DNA vaccine priming. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 113:185-195. [PMID: 33857623 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (IgM) is the primary immunoglobulin essential for defense mechanisms in fish. It is difficult to reliably quantify IgM because a lack of standardization in methodology and limited availability of commercially reagents. In the present study, a polyclonal antibody was developed for the specific detection and quantification of IgM in Labeo rohita. Recombinant bicistronic NanoDNA plasmid (RBND Vac) encoding the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of Edwarsiella tarda conjugated with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) - Chitosan (PLGA-Chit) was developed and its potential as a DNA vaccine, to prevent the infection of E. tarda in L. rohita was investigated. Two treatment groups [T1 - (PLGA-Chit-NPs-pDNA), T2 - (PLGA-NPs-pDNA) and one control group (T0 - 1 × PBS)] were utilized. Polyclonal antibody was developed to estimate IgM titers in the serum and mucosal associated tissues (MAT) using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Additionally, immune gene expression was studied using qRT-PCR. Vaccinated groups also exhibited a significant increase in the total serum protein, globulin concentration and relatively less mortality was observed in T1 group. IgM level in serum and mucosal tissues (skin, gill and gut) increased significantly days post vaccination compared to control group, also non-specific immune parameters (myeloperoxidase and lysozyme levels) showed significant improvement in vaccinated fish. Furthermore, histopathological examination confirmed minor damage in physiological structure of kidney and liver tissues in vaccinated fish. Knowledge of the immunoglobulin in L. rohita primed with RBND Vac complex provides the better protection against E. tarda. The normal physiology findings of this study will aid in monitoring changes in the health status of fish, when the animals undergo vaccination by immersion method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasok Leya
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India; College of Fisheries Science, Birsa Agricultural University, Gumla, Ranchi, 834006, India
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- College of Fisheries Science, Birsa Agricultural University, Gumla, Ranchi, 834006, India
| | | | | | - Gayatri Tripathi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Rupam Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
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Kishawy AT, Amer SA, Abd El-Hack ME, Saadeldin IM, Swelum AA. The impact of dietary linseed oil and pomegranate peel extract on broiler growth, carcass traits, serum lipid profile, and meat fatty acid, phenol, and flavonoid contents. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1161-1171. [PMID: 30744351 PMCID: PMC6599952 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective The current study aimed to replace soybean oil in broiler diets with linseed oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acid supplemented with pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and measured its effect on broiler performance, carcass traits, lipid profile, as well as fatty acids composition, phenols and flavonoids content of broiler muscles and immunity of broiler chicks. Methods A total of 300 1-day-old Cobb chicks were randomly allotted into six experimental groups, T1 fed on basal diet with soybean oil without any additives, T2 fed on basal diet with soybean oil with addition of 0.5 g/kg diet PPE, T3 fed on fed on basal diet with soybean oil with addition of 1 g/kg diet PPE, T4 fed on basal diet with linseed oil without any additives, T5 fed on basal diet with linseed oil with addition of 0.5 g/kg diet PPE and T6 fed on basal diet with linseed oil with addition of 1 g/kg diet PPE. The PPE supplementation with 0.05% improved final body weight with either soybean oil ration or linseed oil ration. Results The PPE improved carcass dressing percentage in comparison with the control groups. Body fat levels decreased with increasing PPE levels, especially with a linseed oil diet. Replacing soybean oil with linseed oil decreased the total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in broiler serum. The PPE supplementation decreased serum total cholesterol levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The content of the breast muscle alpha linolenic acid improved after replacement of soybean oil with linseed oil in broiler diets. PPE supplementation increased the phenol and flavonoid content in broiler meat and increased lysozyme activity. Conclusion Replacing soybean oil with linseed oil in broiler diets with the addition of PPE enriched muscle meat with omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants and improved broiler immunity and their serum lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Ty Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A Amer
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Anticoagulant, antiplatelet and antianemic effects of Punica granatum (pomegranate) juice in rabbits. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2016; 27:287-93. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Hafiz TA, Mubaraki MA, Al-Quraishy S, Dkhil MA. The potential role of Punica granatum treatment on murine malaria-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:1427-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abu-Elala NM, Mohamed SH, Zaki MM, Eissa AE. Assessment of the immune-modulatory and antimicrobial effects of dietary chitosan on Nile tilapia (Oreochrmis niloticus) with special emphasis to its bio-remediating impacts. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:678-685. [PMID: 26260313 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fish, pathogen and environment are three counterparts who are sharing the same circle of life. To keep fish up to their optimal health, environment should be competently improved and pathogen count/virulence should be seized. Using of bioactive immunostimulants to achieve these objectives is the hypothesis under assessment. Thus, the present study was performed to evaluate the use of shrimp shells derived chitosan as an immunostimulant as well as preventive regime against Aeromonas hydrophila infection of Nile tilapia and to assess its antibacterial/aquatic bio-remediating effects. Results achieved by feeding 1% chitosan as preventive/therapeutic regimes have revealed a remarkably enhanced several innate immunological parameters (e.g., Phagocytic activity/index, NBT, Lysozyme activity and ACH50), increased resistance against A. hydrophila and strikingly improved water quality compared to the 0.5 and 2% chitosan containing diets. Conclusively, experimental results suggest the commercial usage of chitosan as an efficient immunostimulant and bio-remediating agent in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M Abu-Elala
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt.
| | - Samah H Mohamed
- Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal M Zaki
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Alaa Eldin Eissa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
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Maqbool A, Ahmed I. Haematological response of snow barbell, Schizothorax plagiostomus Heckel, naturally infected with a new Trypanosoma species. J Parasit Dis 2014; 40:791-800. [PMID: 27605786 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with the description of a new piscine trypanosome species found infecting the fresh water fish Schizothorax plagiostomus Heckel from river Jhelum, Srinagar, J&K, India and evaluating the haematological parameters of the infected fish. Haematological examination of S. plagiostomus revealed 61.1 % infection with an intensity of 1-9 trypanosomes/100 RBC's. Small (26.9 ± 1.39 µm) and large (47.17 ± 3.50 µm) forms of the trypanosome were observed in light microscopy investigations, revealing the dimorphic nature of the species. The trypanosome species was found to be distinct from the other related dimorphic species in morphometric dimensions including cell length, cell breadth, kinetoplast index, flagellar index, and cytological peculiarities, respectively. The detailed descriptions of the two morphological forms found in the blood of S. plagiostomus are provided. Based on the geographical location, morphometrics, cytological peculiarities, host status and comparative study, the new species is named Trypanosoma kashmirensis n. sp. The parasitic infestation caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in red blood cell counts, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentrations while, the leucocyte (WBC) count, mean cellular volume and mean cellular haemoglobin showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the infected fish as compared to the non-infected. The above alterations of the haematological parameters could be used as an important tool for the indication of Trypanosoma infection in the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Maqbool
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006 J&K India
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006 J&K India
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Shanthi Mari LS, Jagruthi C, Anbazahan SM, Yogeshwari G, Thirumurugan R, Arockiaraj J, Mariappan P, Balasundaram C, Harikrishnan R. Protective effect of chitin and chitosan enriched diets on immunity and disease resistance in Cirrhina mrigala against Aphanomyces invadans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:378-385. [PMID: 24875008 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of diet enriched with 1% chitin or chitosan on innate immune response and disease resistance in Cirrhina mrigala against Aphanomyces invadans was investigated at weeks 1, 2, and 4. In the un-infected and infected groups the white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), haematocrit (Ht), lympocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils significantly increased when fed with 1% chitin (CH) or chitosan (CT) enriched diet from weeks 1 to 4 when compared to control; however, the haemoglobin (Hb) and thrombocytes significantly increased only on weeks 2 and 4. The total protein and albumin levels also significantly increased with any enriched diet on weeks 2 and 4; but the globulin and albumin:globulin ratio increased on week 4 as compared to control; similarly the phagocytic activity significantly increased on weeks 2 and 4 while the lysozyme activity increased from weeks 1 to 4. The complement activity was significantly enhanced in CT and CTI fed groups on weeks 2 and 4. In un-infected fish fed with 1% CH and CT diets, the cumulative mortality was 10% and 5% whereas the infected fish suffered 20% and 25% mortality. The present results suggest that infected fish fed with 1% chitin or chitosan enriched diet modulates the immune system conferring disease resistance in C. mrigala against A. invadans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourthu Samy Shanthi Mari
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandrasekar Jagruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sannasi Muthu Anbazahan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govintharaj Yogeshwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Thirumurugan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Parker AN, Ward CK, Estes NR. Effect of a Punica granatum enriched diet on immunocompetence in Rhinella marina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 321:316-23. [PMID: 24664895 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Direct ingestion of plant materials has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects on a variety of herbivores. Studies have also shown that compounds ingested indirectly by predators through prey items can affect the general physiology of the ingesting organism. Relatively little data exists, however, concerning the modulation of a predator's immune system via compounds obtained indirectly through prey. In this study, we sought to determine if the immune-stimulating properties of Punica granatum (pomegranate) could be conveyed from a prey organism, Acheta domestica, to a predator, Rhinella marina, through diet specialization. Experimental crickets were fed a diet of agar supplemented with 10 mg/mL of lyophilized, powdered, whole pomegranate while control crickets were fed unadulterated agar. Experimental toads consumed a diet consisting of crickets fed the pomegranate-enriched diet, while control toads consumed a diet consisting of crickets fed the standard agar diet. Blood samples were taken weekly and leukocyte profiles and neutrophil phagocytic activity were determined for all toads over an 8-week period. Complement activity was measured at 6 weeks. Toads fed the pomegranate-enriched diet showed altered leukocyte profiles as evidenced by an increase in circulating eosinophil number and a decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes, monocytes, and basophils as compared to controls, indicating an immunomodulatory effect of the pomegranate-enhanced diet. These results suggest that pomegranate-derived immunomodulatory compounds can be transferred from prey to predator, and suggests that the flora in the environment where insectivores forage could have a significant effect on the physiology of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Parker
- Department of Physical Sciences, Auburn University Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama
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Consumption of transgenic milk containing the antimicrobials lactoferrin and lysozyme separately and in conjunction by 6-week-old pigs improves intestinal and systemic health. J DAIRY RES 2013; 81:30-7. [PMID: 24345426 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029913000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin and lysozyme are antimicrobial and immunomodulatory proteins produced in high quantities in human milk that aid in gastrointestinal (GI) health and have beneficial effects when supplemented separately and in conjunction in human and animal diets. Ruminants produce low levels of lactoferrin and lysozyme; however, there are genetically engineered cattle and goats that respectively secrete recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF-milk), and human lysozyme (hLZ-milk) in their milk. Effects of consumption of rhLF-milk, hLZ-milk and a combination of rhLF-and hLZ-milk were tested on young pigs as an animal model for the GI tract of children. Compared with control milk-fed pigs, pigs fed a combination of rhLF and hLZ (rhLF+hLZ) milk had a significantly deeper intestinal crypts and a thinner lamina propria layer. Pigs fed hLZ-milk, rhLF-milk and rhLF+hLZ had significantly reduced mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red blood cells (RBCs) were significantly increased in pigs fed hLZ-milk and rhLF-milk and tended to be increased in rhLF+hLZ-fed pigs, indicating more mature RBCs. These results support previous research demonstrating that pigs fed milk containing rhLF or hLZ had decreased intestinal inflammation, and suggest that in some parameters the combination of lactoferrin and lysozyme have additive effects, in contrast to the synergistic effects reported when utilising in-vitro models.
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Harikrishnan R, Son HJ, Kim DH, Hong SH, Mariappan P, Balasundaram C, Heo MS. WITHDRAWN: Effects of saponin supplementation diet on hematological, biochemical, and immunological responses in Epinephelus bruneus against Vibrio alginolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012:S1050-4648(12)00285-9. [PMID: 22906763 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Marine Applied Microbes and Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, College of Ocean Sciences & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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