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Sillanpää M, Engström MT, Tähtinen P, Green RJ, Käpylä J, Näreaho A, Karonen M. Exploring the Interactions between Plant Proanthocyanidins and Thiabendazole: Insights from Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Molecules 2024; 29:3492. [PMID: 39124899 PMCID: PMC11313799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes produces substantial challenges to agriculture, and new strategies for nematode control in livestock animals are called for. Natural compounds, including tannins, with proven anthelmintic activity could be a functional option as structurally diverse complementary compounds to be used alongside commercial anthelmintics. However, the dual use of two anthelmintic components requires an understanding of the pharmacological effects of the combination, while information concerning the interactions between plant-based polyphenols and commercial anthelmintics is scarce. We studied the direct interactions of proanthocyanidins (PAs, syn. condensed tannins) and a commercial anthelmintic thiabendazole, as a model substance of benzimidazoles, by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Our results show evidence of a direct interaction of an exothermic nature with observed enthalpy changes ranging from 0 to -30 kJ/mol. The strength of the interaction between PAs and thiabendazole is mediated by structural characteristics of the PAs with the strongest positive correlation originating from the presence of galloyl groups and the increased degree of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimosa Sillanpää
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (P.T.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Petri Tähtinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (P.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Rebecca J. Green
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG6 6AP, UK;
| | - Jarmo Käpylä
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Anu Näreaho
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (P.T.); (M.K.)
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Rodríguez-Hernández P, Reyes-Palomo C, Sanz-Fernández S, Rufino-Moya PJ, Zafra R, Martínez-Moreno FJ, Rodríguez-Estévez V, Díaz-Gaona C. Antiparasitic Tannin-Rich Plants from the South of Europe for Grazing Livestock: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:201. [PMID: 36670741 PMCID: PMC9855007 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal parasites are one of the main causes of health threats in livestock production, especially in extensive livestock farming. Despite the environmental toxic effects (loss of dung beetles, biodiversity, and other issues) and resistance phenomenon derived from their prolonged use, anti-parasitic chemical pharmaceuticals are frequently used, even in organic farming. Such a situation within the context of climate change requires urgent exploration of alternative compounds to solve these problems and apparent conflicts between organic farming objectives regarding the environment, public health, and animal health. This review is focused on some plants (Artemisia spp., Cichorium intybus L., Ericaceae family, Hedysarum coronarium L., Lotus spp., Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) that are well known for their antiparasitic effect, are voluntarily grazed and ingested, and can be spontaneously found or cultivated in southern Europe and other regions with a Mediterranean climate. The differences found between effectiveness, parasite species affected, in vitro/in vivo experiments, and active compounds are explored. A total of 87 papers where antiparasitic activity of those plants have been studied are included in this review; 75% studied the effect on ruminant parasites, where gastrointestinal nematodes were the parasite group most studied (70%), and these included natural (31%) and experimental (37%) infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodríguez-Hernández
- Department of Animal Production, Cátedra de Producción Ecológica Ecovalia-Clemente Mata, UIC ENZOEM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carolina Reyes-Palomo
- Department of Animal Production, Cátedra de Producción Ecológica Ecovalia-Clemente Mata, UIC ENZOEM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Santos Sanz-Fernández
- Department of Animal Production, Cátedra de Producción Ecológica Ecovalia-Clemente Mata, UIC ENZOEM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo José Rufino-Moya
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), UIC ENZOEM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Zafra
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), UIC ENZOEM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Martínez-Moreno
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), UIC ENZOEM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez
- Department of Animal Production, Cátedra de Producción Ecológica Ecovalia-Clemente Mata, UIC ENZOEM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cipriano Díaz-Gaona
- Department of Animal Production, Cátedra de Producción Ecológica Ecovalia-Clemente Mata, UIC ENZOEM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Huang RZ, Wang X, Ma C, Zhang F. Effects of intrinsic tannins on proteolysis dynamics, protease activity, and metabolome during sainfoin ensiling. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:976118. [PMID: 36060786 PMCID: PMC9433569 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.976118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CT) from sainfoin have a high capacity to inhibit proteolysis. A previous study reported that CT from sainfoin can inhibit lactic acid bacteria activity and decrease ammonium-nitrogen (N) content during sainfoin ensiling; however, no study has focused on the metabolome of ensiled sainfoin. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of CT [following supplementation of deactivated CT with polyethylene glycol (PEG)] on protease activity, keystone bacteria, and metabolome during sainfoin ensiling. According to the results, PEG amendment increased non-protein N, amino acid, and soluble protein contents significantly (in the 49.08-59.41, 116.01-64.22, and 23.5-41.94% ranges, respectively, p < 0.05) during ensiling, whereas neutral detergent-insoluble protein and acid detergent-insoluble protein were decreased significantly (in the 55.98-64.71 and 36.58-57.55% ranges, respectively, p < 0.05). PEG supplementation increased aminopeptidase and acid protease activity after 3 days of ensiling (p < 0.05) and increased carboxypeptidase activity during the entire ensiling process (p < 0.05). The keystone bacteria changed following PEG addition (Stenotrophomonas, Pantoea, and Cellulosimicrobium in the control vs. Microbacterium, Enterococcus, and Brevundimonas in the PEG-treated group). In total, 510 metabolites were identified after 60 days of sainfoin ensiling, with 33 metabolites annotated in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Among the metabolites, phospholipids were the most abundant (72.7% of 33 metabolites). In addition, 10 upregulated and 23 downregulated metabolites were identified in the PEG-treated group when compared with the control group, after 60 days of ensiling (p < 0.05). Pediococcus (correlated with 20 metabolites, R 2 > 0.88, p < 0.05) and Lactobacillus (correlated with 16 metabolites, R 2 > 0.88, p < 0.05) were the bacteria most correlated with metabolites. The results suggested antagonistic effects between Lactobacillus and Pediococcus during ensiling. The decreased proteolysis during sainfoin ensiling was mainly attributed to the inhibition of protease activity by CT, particularly carboxypeptidase activity. In addition, proteolysis decreased partly due to CT inhibiting Pediococcus activity during ensiling, with Pediococcus being significantly and positively correlated with dopamine after 60 days of ensiling (R 2 = 0.8857, p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunhui Ma
- Grassland Science, School of Animal Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- Grassland Science, School of Animal Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Anwar M, Chen L, Xiao Y, Wu J, Zeng L, Li H, Wu Q, Hu Z. Recent Advanced Metabolic and Genetic Engineering of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9544. [PMID: 34502463 PMCID: PMC8431357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYB transcription factors (TFs) are evolving as critical role in the regulation of the phenylpropanoid and tanshinones biosynthetic pathway. MYB TFs relate to a very important gene family, which are involved in the regulation of primary and secondary metabolisms, terpenoids, bioactive compounds, plant defense against various stresses and cell morphology. R2R3 MYB TFs contained a conserved N-terminal domain, but the domain at C-terminal sorts them different regarding their structures and functions. MYB TFs suppressors generally possess particular repressive motifs, such as pdLNLD/ELxiG/S and TLLLFR, which contribute to their suppression role through a diversity of complex regulatory mechanisms. A novel flower specific "NF/YWSV/MEDF/LW" conserved motif has a great potential to understand the mechanisms of flower development. In the current review, we summarize recent advanced progress of MYB TFs on transcription regulation, posttranscriptional, microRNA, conserved motif and propose directions to future prospective research. We further suggest there should be more focus on the investigation for the role of MYB TFs in microalgae, which has great potential for heterologous protein expression system for future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Anwar
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yibo Xiao
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Lihui Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Q.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Q.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
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5
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Blomstrand BM, Enemark HL, Øines Ø, Steinshamn H, Aasen IM, Mahnert KC, Sørheim KM, Athanasiadou S, Thamsborg SM, Woolsey ID. Extracts of pine bark (Pinus sylvestris) inhibit Cryptosporidium parvum growth in cell culture. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2919-2927. [PMID: 34269871 PMCID: PMC8370916 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The widespread apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is responsible for severe gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals. The treatment options are limited, and the efficacy of available drugs is low. Bark contains condensed tannins (CT), which are bioactive compounds previously shown to inhibit parasite development. Here, we examined the anti-cryptosporidial properties of bark extract of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) against C. parvum by means of an in vitro growth inhibition test. We hypothesised that bark extracts would have dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the development of C. parvum in cell culture. Bark extracts from Scots pine extracted with acetone, methanol, and water as solvents were investigated using human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells infected with C. parvum. Oocysts were inoculated onto the cell monolayer and bark extract was added at seven different concentrations. Parasite growth inhibition was quantified by qPCR. The acetone and methanol extracts demonstrated a sigmoid dose-dependent inhibition of C. parvum. The IC50 values were 244.6 and 279.1 µg dry matter extract/mL, and 25.4 and 24.1 µg CT/mL, for acetone and methanol extracts, respectively. The IC50 for both extracts were similar, both with regard to the dry matter concentration of each extract and to CT concentrations. Given the limited treatment options available for Cryptosporidium spp., the evidence generated in our study encourages further investigation into the in vitro and in vivo effects of pine bark extracts against C. parvum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Larsen Enemark
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øivind Øines
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Steinshamn
- Division of Food Production and Society, Grassland and Livestock, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Inga Marie Aasen
- SINTEF Industry, Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Stig Milan Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ian David Woolsey
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
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6
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Athanasiadou S, Almvik M, Hellström J, Madland E, Simic N, Steinshamn H. Chemical Analysis and Anthelmintic Activity Against Teladorsagia Circumcincta of Nordic Bark Extracts In vitro. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:666924. [PMID: 34150887 PMCID: PMC8212057 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.666924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasitic infections are common in small ruminants in Norway; infection is usually treated with anthelmintic drugs, but anthelmintic resistance is an increasing problem. It is necessary to identify strategies to reduce the use of anthelmintic drugs and mitigate the impact of anthelmintic resistance. Condensed tannin (CT)-rich forages have been shown to reduce the helminth burden in small ruminants, but these forages have limited cultivation potential in Scandinavia. A good source for CT in cold climatic regions may be the bark of several commercially utilized tree species. In the present study, we determined the content and characterized the type of CT in bark extracts of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), spruce (Picea abies L.), and birch (Betula pubescens). Extracts of selected bark samples were tested for their anthelmintic efficacy against the ovine infectious nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta. Total CT content was higher in the bark from younger (10–40 years old) pine and spruce trees; it decreased with tree age in pine, whereas it remained relatively stable in the bark of spruce and birch. Pine trees consisted of 100% procyanidins, whereas prodelphinins were present in most spruce (4–17%) and all birch samples (5–34%). Our studies clearly showed that there is variation in the anthelmintic activity of water and acetone extracts of bark samples collected from various sites around Norway, as this was measured with two independent in vitro assays, the egg hatch and larvae motility assays. The anthelmintic activity of some extracts was consistent between the two assays; for example, extracts from the three samples with the highest CT content showed very high activity in both assays, whereas the extract from the sample with the lowest CT content showed the lowest activity in both assays. For other extracts, activity was not consistent across the assays, which could be attributed to the susceptibility of the different stages of the parasitic life cycle. We demonstrated that bark extracts from commercially used trees in Scandinavia have the potential to be used as alternatives to anthelmintics. Further work should focus on refining the associations between bark extracts and anthelmintic activity to identify the best strategies to reduce the input of anthelmintic drugs in livestock production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marit Almvik
- NIBIO Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Eva Madland
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nebojsa Simic
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Rashidifard M, Ashrafi S, Claassens S, Thünen T, Fourie H. A Pilot Approach Investigating the Potential of Crop Rotation With Sainfoin to Reduce Meloidogyne enterolobii Infection of Maize Under Greenhouse Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659322. [PMID: 33936147 PMCID: PMC8086598 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes of cereal crops in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was designed to evaluate the rotation effects of different cultivars of sainfoin (Esparsette, Perly, Taja and Visnovsky), soybean (DM-5953-RSF) and alfalfa (BAR 7) with maize (P-2432-R), on a Meloidogyne enterolobii population, compared to monoculture maize. The results showed that sainfoin (Perly and Esparsette) and alfalfa had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower numbers of M. enterolobii eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) compared to the monoculture maize in the first experiment. However, in the repeat experiment all treatments had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower numbers of eggs and J2 compared to monoculture maize. Rotation of sainfoin Esparsette/maize resulted in the lowest numbers of eggs and J2 (91 and 202, respectively) in the first and repeat experiments. Rotation of sainfoin Esparsette/maize reduced M. enterolobii population density by 81 and 60% in the first and repeat experiments, respectively, followed by alfalfa (54 and 43%, respectively). Ultimately, substantial variation was evident in terms of the efficacy of different sainfoin cultivars with regards to their effect on nematode reduction when used in rotation with maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rashidifard
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Samad Ashrafi
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sarina Claassens
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Torsten Thünen
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hendrika Fourie
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Valente AH, de Roode M, Ernst M, Peña-Espinoza M, Bornancin L, Bonde CS, Martínez-Valladares M, Ramünke S, Krücken J, Simonsen HT, Thamsborg SM, Williams AR. Identification of compounds responsible for the anthelmintic effects of chicory (Cichorium intybus) by molecular networking and bio-guided fractionation. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2021; 15:105-114. [PMID: 33618233 PMCID: PMC7907819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing resistance towards anthelmintic drugs has necessitated the search for alternative treatments for the control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites. Animals fed on chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), a temperate (pasture) crop, have reduced parasite burdens, hence making C. intybus a potentially useful source for novel anthelmintic compounds or a diet-based preventive/therapeutic option. Here, we utilized in vitro bioassays with the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum and molecular networking techniques with five chicory cultivars to identify putative active compounds. Network analysis predicted sesquiterpene lactones (SL) as the most likely group of anthelmintic compounds. Further bioassay-guided fractionation supported these predictions, and isolation of pure compounds demonstrated that the SL 8-deoxylactucin (8-DOL) is the compound most strongly associated with anti-parasitic activity. Furthermore, we showed that 8-DOL acts in a synergistic combination with other SL to exert the anti-parasitic effects. Finally, we established that chicory-derived extracts also showed activity against two ruminant nematodes (Teladorsagia circumcincta and Cooperia oncophora) in in vitro assays. Collectively, our results confirm the anti-parasitic activity of chicory against a range of nematodes, and pave the way for targeted extraction of active compounds or selective breeding of specific cultivars to optimize its future use in human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela H Valente
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Matthew de Roode
- Sensus b.v., Oostelijke Havendijk 15, 4704, RA Roosendaal, the Netherlands
| | - Madeleine Ernst
- Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Louis Bornancin
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 223, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte S Bonde
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Department of Animal Health, 24346, Grulleros. León, Spain
| | - Sabrina Ramünke
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik T Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 223, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Andersen-Civil AIS, Arora P, Williams AR. Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637603. [PMID: 33717185 PMCID: PMC7943737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary components in immune function has acquired considerable attention in recent years. An important focus area is to unravel the role of bioactive dietary compounds in relation to enteric disease and their impact on gut mucosal immunity. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are among the most common and most consumed dietary polyphenols, and are characterised by their variable molecular structures and diverse bioactivities. In particular, their anti-oxidative effects and ability to modulate gut microbiota have been widely described. However, there is limited evidence on the mechanism of action of PAC on the immune system, nor is it clearly established how PAC may influence susceptibility to enteric infections. Establishing the sites of action of PAC and their metabolites within the gut environment is fundamental to determine the applicability of PAC against enteric pathogens. Some mechanistic studies have shown that PAC have direct modulatory effects on immune cell signalling, isolated pathogens, and gut mucosal barrier integrity. Boosting the recruitment of immune cells and suppressing the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines are modulating factors regulated by PAC, and can either be beneficial or detrimental in the course of re-establishing gut homeostasis. Herein, we review how PAC may alter distinct immune responses towards enteric bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, and how the modulation of gut microbiota may act as a mediating factor. Furthermore, we discuss how future studies could help unravel the role of PAC in preventing and/or alleviating intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis caused by enteric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey I S Andersen-Civil
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pankaj Arora
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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10
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Distribution of Protein Precipitation Capacity within Variable Proanthocyanidin Fingerprints. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215002. [PMID: 33126755 PMCID: PMC7663390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are highly bioactive plant specialized metabolites. One of their most characteristic features is their ability to precipitate proteins. In this study, eleven plant species were used to study the structure–activity patterns between PAs and their protein precipitation capacity (PPC) with bovine serum albumin. To obtain a comprehensive selection of PAs with highly variable procyanidin to prodelphinidin ratios and mean degree of polymerizations, nearly 350 subfractions were produced from the eleven plant species by semi-preparative liquid chromatography. Their PA composition was defined by tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and their PPC was measured with a turbidimetry-based well-plate reader assay. The distribution of the PPC within plant species varied significantly. The mean degree of polymerization of the PAs had a strong correlation with the PPC (r = 0.79). The other structural features were significant from the PPC point of view as well, but they contributed to the PPC in different ways in different plant species. Retention time, prodelphinidin proportion, and mean degree of polymerization explained 64% of the measured variance of the PPC.
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11
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Saratsi K, Hoste H, Voutzourakis N, Tzanidakis N, Stefanakis A, Thamsborg SM, Mueller-Harvey I, Hadjigeorgiou I, Sotiraki S. Feeding of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) to sheep infected with gastrointestinal nematodes reduces faecal egg counts and worm fecundity. Vet Parasitol 2020; 284:109200. [PMID: 32871390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins (CT) in carob (Ceratonia siliqua) pods fed to sheep against gastrointestinal nematodes. Three independent in vivo trials tested whether i) carob pod (CaBP)-containing feed had an anthelmintic effect and if yes, which was the optimal concentration in the diet; ii) whether this effect could be attributed to tannins through the polyethylene glycol (PEG) test and iii) whether there were any synergistic effects when combined with another tannin-containing feed (e.g. sainfoin). In all trials 6-month old nematode-naive lambs, experimentally infected with both Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, were used. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed regularly and at the end of each trial adult worm counts (AWC) and female worm fecundity were recorded. In trial 1, 35 lambs (five groups of seven lambs) were fed different CaBP concentrations ranging from 0% to 12 % w/w. FEC declined up to 39.2 % only in the group fed with 12 %CaBP, while a declining trend (P < 0.06) was demonstrated for the AWC of T. colubriformis, which was associated with the increasing concentration of CaBP in feed. Female worm fecundity was reduced in groups fed CaBP for both parasites, however this was only significant for H. contortus (P < 0.001), in a dose dependent manner. In trial 2, four groups of six infected lambs each were used, which received the carob diets CaBP or CaBP + PEG, and the tannin-free diets with or without PEG (C or C + PEG). Results showed that FEC of Groups C, C + PEG, and CaBP + PEG were comparable throughout the trial, while the group receiving only CaBP showed lower FEC from DAY 25 onwards. AWC showed a reduction (67.7 %) only for H. contortus (P < 0.03). Reversal of the anthelmintic effect of CaBP after PEG administration suggested that CT contributed to the anthelmintic action. However, no effect of CaBP was observed on T. colubriformis AWC and on female worm fecundity for both species. Finally, for trial 3 four groups of six lambs each received a diet based on CaBP, sainfoin (S) or a combination (CaBP + S) and were compared to a control (C) diet of lucerne. On DAY 37 FEC values in groups CaBP + S and S tended to be lower compared to the two other groups (C, CaBP), while for AWCs no significant differences were observed for both parasites. The fecundity of H. contortus and T. colubriformis demonstrated significant differences between the treated and control groups, with lower values in the animals receiving CaBP + S. Overall, the results supported the hypothesis that carob had an anthelmintic effect due to its CT, but there was no clear indication of a synergistic effect with sainfoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Saratsi
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece.
| | - Hervé Hoste
- INRAE, UMR 1225 IHAP, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, F-31076, France; Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, F-31076, France
| | - Nikolaos Voutzourakis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tzanidakis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Stefanakis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stig Milan Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P.O. Box 236, 1 Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6AT, UK
| | - Ioannis Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Rinne M, Leppä MM, Kuoppala K, Koivunen E, Kahala M, Jalava T, Salminen JP, Manni K. Fermentation quality of ensiled crimped faba beans using different additives with special attention to changes in bioactive compounds. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Burke JM, Miller JE. Sustainable Approaches to Parasite Control in Ruminant Livestock. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:89-107. [PMID: 32029191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly difficult to manage and control gastrointestinal nematode parasites in pasture-based ruminant livestock operations because of the high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance. Anthelmintics should be combined with alternative forms of control. Sustainable tools include copper oxide wire particles and condensed tannin-rich plants, which target primarily Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants. Nematophagous fungi reduce larvae on pasture and target nematode larvae in feces of most livestock species. In addition, and perhaps most importantly, genetic selection focuses on parasite resistance. Producers should use as many tools as possible to minimize the need for pharmaceutical interventions and optimize animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Burke
- USDA ARS Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, 6883 South State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927, USA.
| | - James E Miller
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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14
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Karonen M, Ahern JR, Legroux L, Suvanto J, Engström MT, Sinkkonen J, Salminen JP, Hoste H. Ellagitannins Inhibit the Exsheathment of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis Larvae: The Efficiency Increases Together with the Molecular Size. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4176-4186. [PMID: 32181655 PMCID: PMC7146859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes continue to threaten animal health, welfare, and production in outdoor breeding systems of small ruminants. For more than 50 years, the control of these parasitic worms has relied on the use of commercial synthetic anthelmintics. However, anthelmintic resistance in worm populations is nowadays widespread and requires novel solutions. The use of tannin-rich plants has been suggested as an alternative to synthetic anthelmintics to control gastrointestinal nematodes. The majority of previous studies have focused on the activity of proanthocyanidins (syn condensed tannins), and less is known about ellagitannins. In this study, the effects of 30 structurally unique ellagitannins on the exsheathment of third-stage infective larvae were examined on Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis by the in vitro larval exsheathment inhibition assay. Ellagitannins were found to be promising natural anthelmintics as they showed direct inhibition on larval exsheathment for both nematode species. In general, ellagitannins were more efficient at inhibiting the exsheathment of H. contortus larvae than those of T. colubriformis. The efficiency of inhibition increased as the degree of oligomerization or the molecular weight of the ellagitannin increased. Otherwise, we found no other structural features of ellagitannins that significantly affected the anthelmintic activity on the third-stage infective larvae. The effective concentrations were physiologically relevant and should be achievable in the gastrointestinal tract also in in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Karonen
- Natural
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jeffrey R. Ahern
- Natural
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Lucie Legroux
- UMR
1225 IHAP, INRAE/ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Jussi Suvanto
- Natural
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marica T. Engström
- Natural
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Sinkkonen
- Natural
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Hervé Hoste
- UMR
1225 IHAP, INRAE/ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
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15
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Odden A, Stuen S, Enemark HL, Robertson LJ, Molina JM, Ruiz A. Preliminary studies on in vitro methods for the evaluation of anticoccidial efficacy/resistance in ruminants. Exp Parasitol 2019; 201:34-41. [PMID: 31034815 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ovine Eimeria spp. infections cause increased mortality, reduced welfare and substantial economic losses, and anticocccidials are important for their control. Recent reports of anticoccidial resistance against ovine Eimeria spp. necessitate the development of in vitro methods for the detection of reduced anticoccidial efficacy, especially since the in vivo methods are both expensive, time consuming and requires the use of otherwise healthy animals. The aim of the present study was therefore to approach a preliminary standardization of in vitro assays for evaluation of the efficacy of the most commonly used anticoccidials in ruminants. For this purpose, apart from the evaluation of inhibition of oocyst sporulation, most effort was concentrated on assessment of the capacity of the different anticoccidials to inhibit both the invasion and further development (up to the first schizogony) of E. ninakohlyakimovae sporozoites in bovine colonic epithelial cells (BCEC). For this purpose, infected cultures were monitored 1, 8 and 15 days post infection to determine the infection rate, number of immature schizonts and number, size and appearance of mature schizonts, respectively. No clear inhibitory effect was found with any of the anticoccidial formulations tested, and we could not identify why there were no measurable effects from the different anticoccidials. Despite the lack of positive results, further investigations should be encouraged, as this could decrease the need for animal experiments and could be used in the initial assessment of anticoccidial efficacy of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Odden
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Kyrkjevegen 332/334, N-4325, Sandnes, Norway.
| | - Snorre Stuen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Kyrkjevegen 332/334, N-4325, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Heidi L Enemark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucy J Robertson
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - José Manuel Molina
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Antonio Ruiz
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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16
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Esteban-Ballesteros M, Sanchis J, Gutiérrez-Corbo C, Balaña-Fouce R, Rojo-Vázquez FA, González-Lanza C, Martínez-Valladares M. In vitro anthelmintic activity and safety of different plant species against the ovine gastrointestinal nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta. Res Vet Sci 2019; 123:153-158. [PMID: 30677615 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity and safety of methanolic and aqueous extracts of 9 plants against the ovine GIN Teladorsagia circumcincta. Initially the ovicidal efficacy of all extracts was tested at 50 mg/ml and at 1%, this last concentration for the methanolic extract of Elettaria cardamomum, by the Egg Hatch Assay. In those extracts with efficacy higher than 95%, the effective concentration required to inhibit 50% of egg hatching (EC50) and their cytotoxicity, as the lethal dose 50 (LC50), was also measured. The aqueous extracts of Aesculus hippocastanum, Isatis tinctoria, Chelidonium majus, E. cardamomum and Sisymbrium irio, with EC50 values ranging 1.30-2.88 mg/ml, and the aqueous extract of Jasminum polyanthum with a value of 6.41 mg/ml, showed the highest activities. The aqueous extract of J. polyanthum was the safest extract, followed by methanolic extract of E. cardamomum and aqueous extract of S. irio, all of them with a Selective Index higher than 1. According to our results, there is no correlation between the amount of total phenols or total tannins with the anthelmintic activity of the plants tested. Although results need to be interpreted with caution, as in vitro activity may not automatically translate into in vivo efficacy, those extracts with SI equal or higher than 1 and EC50 equal or lower than 6 mg/ml, could be taken into account for being used subsequently as feed or food additives in infected sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Esteban-Ballesteros
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros 24346, León, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León 24071, Spain
| | - Jaime Sanchis
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de la República (Regional Norte), Salto, Uruguay
| | - Camino Gutiérrez-Corbo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León 24071, Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León 24071, Spain
| | - Francisco A Rojo-Vázquez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros 24346, León, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León 24071, Spain
| | - Camino González-Lanza
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros 24346, León, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros 24346, León, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León 24071, Spain.
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17
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Quijada J, Drake C, Gaudin E, El-Korso R, Hoste H, Mueller-Harvey I. Condensed Tannin Changes along the Digestive Tract in Lambs Fed with Sainfoin Pellets or Hazelnut Skins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2136-2142. [PMID: 29424229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The variable anthelmintic efficacy of condensed tannins (CT) against gastrointestinal nematodes may depend on CT concentration, composition, or fate along the digestive tract. We analyzed CT concentration and composition by acetone-HCl-butanol and thiolysis coupled to HPLC-MS in digesta and feces of lambs. Lambs had been infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis and received sainfoin pellets and hazelnut skins of contrasting prodelphinidin/procyanidin ratios. The digesta and feces had lower CT concentrations than the original feeds but similar concentration patterns across the digestive compartments. The changes in assayable CT concentrations between rumen, abomasum, and small intestine may be due to complex formation between CT and other dietary components. However, the large CT disappearance (61-85%) from feed to feces could also indicate that CT may have been structurally modified, degraded, or absorbed during digestion. Interestingly, there were no changes in the structural features of assayable CT in the digesta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Quijada
- INRA, UMR 1225 , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
| | - Christopher Drake
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development , University of Reading , P.O. Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT , United Kingdom
| | - Elodie Gaudin
- INRA, UMR 1225 , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
- MG2MIX, La Basse Haye , Châteaubourg F-35220 , France
| | - Ramzi El-Korso
- INRA, UMR 1225 , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
| | - Hervé Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development , University of Reading , P.O. Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT , United Kingdom
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18
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Payne S, Flematti G, Reeder A, Kotze A, Durmic Z, Vercoe P. Procyanidin A2 in the Australian plant Alectryon oleifolius has anthelmintic activity against equine cyathostomins in vitro. Vet Parasitol 2018; 249:63-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Are sainfoin or protein supplements alternatives to control small strongyle infection in horses? Animal 2018; 12:359-365. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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20
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Spiegler V, Liebau E, Hensel A. Medicinal plant extracts and plant-derived polyphenols with anthelmintic activity against intestinal nematodes. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:627-643. [PMID: 28426037 DOI: 10.1039/c6np00126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2001 up to the end of 2016Polyphenols comprise a structurally diverse class of natural products. As the development of new anthelmintic drugs against soil-transmitted helminthiases is an urgent need and polyphenols are widely used in the treatment of nematode infections in traditional medicine and modern science, we summarize the state of knowledge in the period of mainly 2001 up to the end of 2016 on plant extracts with known polyphenolic composition and of defined polyphenols, mainly from the classes of condensed and hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids. The diverse biological activity against different helminths and the underlying mechanisms are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Spiegler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Germany.
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21
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Desrues O, Mueller-Harvey I, Pellikaan WF, Enemark HL, Thamsborg SM. Condensed Tannins in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle after Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Intake and Their Possible Relationship with Anthelmintic Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1420-1427. [PMID: 28120611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Condensed tannins' (CTs) fate along the digestive tract of ruminants may account for the variable efficacy of CTs against gastrointestinal nematodes. We analyzed CTs in the digesta of cattle fed sainfoin. With the acetone-butanol-HCl assay, the total CTs concentrations in the digesta were close to those in the diets (6.3 and 1.5% of DM in experiments 1 and 2, respectively); thus, CTs remained potentially largely undegraded/unabsorbed. With the thiolysis assay, CTs concentration was much higher in the abomasum (2.3% of DM; expt 1) compared with the rumen and intestines, along with higher mean size and prodelphinidins percentage, corroborating CTs efficacy reported only against Ostertagia ostertagi in the abomasum. In expt 2, the dietary levels of CTs were probably too low to demonstrate anthelmintic effects in the rumen. Overall, the level of CTs accessible to thiolysis is favored under the acidic conditions of the abomasum, which seems critical for anthelmintic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Desrues
- Veterinary Parasitology Group, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen , Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Wilbert F Pellikaan
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research , P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi L Enemark
- Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Bülowsvej 27, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute , P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Veterinary Parasitology Group, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen , Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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22
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Ropiak HM, Desrues O, Williams AR, Ramsay A, Mueller-Harvey I, Thamsborg SM. Structure-Activity Relationship of Condensed Tannins and Synergism with trans-Cinnamaldehyde against Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8795-8805. [PMID: 27796095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of livestock are increasingly developing resistance to synthetic nematocidal drugs. Moreover, the use of nematocides can induce ecotoxicity by affecting free-living nematodes. Condensed tannins (CT) are a structurally diverse group of bioactive plant compounds possessing anthelmintic activity against GIN. We investigated the relationship between the chemical structure of contrasting, purified CT and nematocidal effects using Caenorhabditis elegans. We also explored whether the nematocidal activity of CT could synergize with trans-cinnamaldehyde (CIN). A nonsignificant correlation was evident between the ability of CT fractions to inhibit C. elegans motility and the molar proportion of prodelphinidin subunits in purified CT samples. Synergistic inhibition of motility was achieved by combinations of CT and CIN. Galloylation of procyanidins was also a key factor for synergy. To increase the nematocidal effect of CT, plant sources containing CT with specific structural features could be selected and combined with compounds acting in synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorata M Ropiak
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , 1 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Desrues
- Veterinary Parasitology Group, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen , Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Veterinary Parasitology Group, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen , Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Aina Ramsay
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , 1 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , 1 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Veterinary Parasitology Group, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen , Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Desrues O, Peña-Espinoza M, Hansen TVA, Enemark HL, Thamsborg SM. Anti-parasitic activity of pelleted sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) against Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora in calves. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:329. [PMID: 27283323 PMCID: PMC4901493 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing anthelmintic-resistance in nematodes of ruminants emphasises the need for sustainable parasite control. Condensed tannin-containing legume forages such as sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) have shown promising anthelmintic properties in small ruminants but this has never been explored in cattle. Therefore, our aim was to examine the efficacy of sainfoin against cattle nematodes in vivo. Methods Fifteen Jersey male calves (2–4 month-old) were allocated into two groups and fed isoproteic and isoenergetic diets mainly composed of sainfoin pellets (Group SF; n = 9, three pens) or concentrate and grass-clover hay (Group CO; n = 6, two pens). After 16 days of adaptation, all animals were experimentally infected with 10,000 and 66,000 third-stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora, respectively. Egg excretion, blood parameters and bodyweights were recorded throughout the study. Worms were harvested by sieving for quantification and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 42 days post-infection (dpi) when the calves were necropsied. Results The number of O. ostertagi adults in the abomasum was reduced by 50 % in Group SF compared with Group CO (P < 0.05). This was further reflected in higher albumin (P < 0.1) and lower pepsinogen levels (P < 0.05) in Group SF at 21 dpi, and structural damage of the worm cuticle could be visualised by SEM. Yet, the nematode egg excretion in Group SF was not significantly different from that of the controls (P > 0.05). Likewise, no statistical difference in total worm burdens of C. oncophora was found between the groups. Weight gains were lower for Group SF (P < 0.05), which may reflect lower digestibility and phosphorus levels in the SF diet, despite similar feed intake at pen-level. Conclusions Overall, the effect of sainfoin on abomasal nematodes corroborates results from studies with small ruminants and encourages further investigations of the use of this crop for control of cattle nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Desrues
- Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Section of Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tina V A Hansen
- Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Heidi L Enemark
- Section of Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 750, Sentrum, N-0106, Norway
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Quijada J, Chan-Perez I, Dakheel MM, Kommuru DS, Mueller-Harvey I, Terrill TH. Interactions Between Nutrition and Infections With Haemonchus contortus and Related Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Small Ruminants. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 93:239-351. [PMID: 27238007 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between host nutrition and feeding behaviour are central to understanding the pathophysiological consequences of infections of the digestive tract with parasitic nematodes. The manipulation of host nutrition provides useful options to control gastrointestinal nematodes as a component of an integrated strategy. Focussed mainly on the Haemonchus contortus infection model in small ruminants, this chapter (1) illustrates the relationship between quantitative (macro- and micro-nutrients) and qualitative (plant secondary metabolites) aspects of host nutrition and nematode infection, and (2) shows how basic studies aimed at addressing some generic questions can help to provide solutions, despite the considerable diversity of epidemiological situations and breeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - J Quijada
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - I Chan-Perez
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - M M Dakheel
- University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - D S Kommuru
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
| | | | - T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
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Williams AR, Peña-Espinoza MA, Boas U, Simonsen HT, Enemark HL, Thamsborg SM. Anthelmintic activity of chicory (Cichorium intybus): in vitro effects on swine nematodes and relationship to sesquiterpene lactone composition. Parasitology 2016; 143:770-7. [PMID: 26935644 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chicory is a perennial crop that has been investigated as a forage source for outdoor-reared ruminants and pigs, and has been reported to have anthelmintic properties. Here, we investigated in vitro anthelmintic effects of forage chicory-extracts against the highly prevalent swine parasites Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum dentatum. Methanol extracts were prepared and purified from two different cultivars of chicory (Spadona and Puna II). Marked differences were observed between the anthelmintic activity of extracts from the two cultivars. Spadona extracts had potent activity against A. suum third (L3) and fourth (L4) - stage larvae, as well as O. dentatum L4 and adults, whereas Puna II extracts had less activity against A. suum and no activity towards O. dentatum L4. Transmission-electron microscopy of A. suum L4 exposed to Spadona extracts revealed only subtle changes, perhaps indicative of a specific anthelmintic effect rather than generalized toxicity. Ultra-high liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the purified extracts were rich in sesquiterpene lactones (SL), and that the SL profile differed significantly between cultivars. This is the first report of anthelmintic activity of forage chicory towards swine nematodes. Our results indicate a significant anthelmintic effect, which may possibly be related to SL composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology,University of Copenhagen,Frederiksberg C,Denmark
| | | | - Ulrik Boas
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark,Frederiksberg C,Denmark
| | - Henrik T Simonsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences,University of Copenhagen,Frederiksberg C,Denmark
| | - Heidi L Enemark
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark,Frederiksberg C,Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology,University of Copenhagen,Frederiksberg C,Denmark
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26
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The effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua) feeding regimes on the control of lamb coccidiosis. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2233-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-4966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Williams AR, Fryganas C, Reichwald K, Skov S, Mueller-Harvey I, Thamsborg SM. Polymerization-dependent activation of porcine γδ T-cells by proanthocyanidins. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:209-15. [PMID: 27033935 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived proanthocyanidins (PAC) have been promoted as a natural method of improving health and immune function in livestock. It has previously been shown that PAC are effective agonists for activating ruminant γδ T-cells in vitro, however effects on other livestock species are not yet clear. Moreover, the fine structural characteristics of the PAC which contribute to this stimulatory effect have not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate activation of porcine γδ T-cells by PAC via up-regulation of CD25 (IL-2Rα) and show that 1) activation is dependent on degree of polymerization (DP), with PAC fractions containing polymers with mean DP >6 significantly more effective than fractions with mean DP <6, whilst flavan-3-ol monomers (the constituent monomeric units of PAC) did not induce CD25 expression and 2) both procyanidin and prodelphinidin-type PAC are effective agonists. Furthermore, we show that this effect of PAC is restricted to the γδ T-cell population within porcine peripheral mononuclear cells as significant CD25 up-regulation was not observed in non γδ T-cells, and no activation (via CD80/86 up-regulation) was evident in monocytes. Our results show that dietary PAC may contribute to enhancement of innate immunity in swine via activation of γδ T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Christos Fryganas
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Reichwald
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Søren Skov
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Impact of chemical structure of flavanol monomers and condensed tannins on in vitro anthelmintic activity against bovine nematodes. Parasitology 2016; 143:444-54. [PMID: 26888630 PMCID: PMC4800716 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015001912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plants containing condensed tannins (CT) may have potential to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of cattle. The aim was to investigate the anthelmintic activities of four flavan-3-ols, two galloyl derivatives and 14 purified CT fractions, and to define which structural features of CT determine the anti-parasitic effects against the main cattle nematodes. We used in vitro tests targeting L1 larvae (feeding inhibition assay) and adults (motility assay) of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora. In the larval feeding inhibition assay, O. ostertagi L1 were significantly more susceptible to all CT fractions than C. oncophora L1. The mean degree of polymerization of CT (i.e. average size) was the most important structural parameter: large CT reduced larval feeding more than small CT. The flavan-3-ols of prodelphinidin (PD)-type tannins had a stronger negative influence on parasite activity than the stereochemistry, i.e. cis- vs trans-configurations, or the presence of a gallate group. In contrast, for C. oncophora high reductions in the motility of larvae and adult worms were strongly related with a higher percentage of PDs within the CT fractions while there was no effect of size. Overall, the size and the percentage of PDs within CT seemed to be the most important parameters that influence anti-parasitic activity.
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29
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Engström MT, Karonen M, Ahern JR, Baert N, Payré B, Hoste H, Salminen JP. Chemical Structures of Plant Hydrolyzable Tannins Reveal Their in Vitro Activity against Egg Hatching and Motility of Haemonchus contortus Nematodes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:840-51. [PMID: 26807485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of synthetic drugs against gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants has led to a situation where resistance to anthelmintics is widespread, and there is an urgent need for alternative solutions for parasite control. One promising approach is to use polyphenol-rich bioactive plants in animal feeds as natural anthelmintics. In the present work, the in vitro activity of a series of 33 hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) and their hydrolysis product, gallic acid, against egg hatching and motility of L1 and L2 stage Haemonchus contortus larvae was studied. The effect of the selected compounds on egg and larval structure was further studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated clear relationships between HT structure and anthelmintic activity. While HT size, overall flexibility, the types and numbers of functional groups, together with the linkage types between monomeric HTs affected the activity differently, the optimal structure was found with pentagalloylglucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Engström
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Karonen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J R Ahern
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - N Baert
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - B Payré
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Faculté de Médecine Toulouse Rangueil, Université de Toulouse , 133, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - H Hoste
- UMR 1225, INRA/DGER, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Toulouse , 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
- ENVT, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse F-31076, France
| | - J-P Salminen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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30
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Chan-Pérez J, Torres-Acosta J, Sandoval-Castro C, Hoste H, Castañeda-Ramírez G, Vilarem G, Mathieu C. In vitro susceptibility of ten Haemonchus contortus isolates from different geographical origins towards acetone:water extracts of two tannin rich plants. Vet Parasitol 2016; 217:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Baert N, Karonen M, Salminen JP. Isolation, characterisation and quantification of the main oligomeric macrocyclic ellagitannins in Epilobium angustifolium by ultra-high performance chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1419:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Williams AR, Ramsay A, Hansen TVA, Ropiak HM, Mejer H, Nejsum P, Mueller-Harvey I, Thamsborg SM. Anthelmintic activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde and A- and B-type proanthocyanidins derived from cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum). Sci Rep 2015; 5:14791. [PMID: 26420588 PMCID: PMC4588565 DOI: 10.1038/srep14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, but effects on parasitic worms of the intestine have not been investigated. Here, extracts of cinnamon bark were shown to have potent in vitro anthelmintic properties against the swine nematode Ascaris suum. Analysis of the extract revealed high concentrations of proanthocyanidins (PAC) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA). The PAC were subjected to thiolysis and HPLC-MS analysis which demonstrated that they were exclusively procyanidins, had a mean degree of polymerization of 5.2 and 21% of their inter-flavan-3-ol links were A-type linkages. Purification of the PAC revealed that whilst they had activity against A. suum, most of the potency of the extract derived from CA. Trichuris suis and Oesophagostomum dentatum larvae were similarly susceptible to CA. To test whether CA could reduce A. suum infection in pigs in vivo, CA was administered daily in the diet or as a targeted, encapsulated dose. However, infection was not significantly reduced. It is proposed that the rapid absorption or metabolism of CA in vivo may prevent it from being present in sufficient concentrations in situ to exert efficacy. Therefore, further work should focus on whether formulation of CA can enhance its activity against internal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Williams
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Aina Ramsay
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Tina V. A. Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Honorata M. Ropiak
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Mejer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Stig M. Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Quijada J, Fryganas C, Ropiak HM, Ramsay A, Mueller-Harvey I, Hoste H. Anthelmintic Activities against Haemonchus contortus or Trichostrongylus colubriformis from Small Ruminants Are Influenced by Structural Features of Condensed Tannins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6346-54. [PMID: 26066999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants containing condensed tannins (CTs) may hold promise as alternatives to synthetic anthelmintic (AH) drugs for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). However, the structural features that contribute to the AH activities of CTs remain elusive. This study probed the relationships between CT structures and their AH activities. Eighteen plant resources were selected on the basis of their diverse CT structures. From each plant resource, two CT fractions were isolated and their in vitro AH activities were measured with the larval exsheathment inhibition assay, which was applied to Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Calculation of mean EC50 values indicated that H. contortus was more susceptible than T. colubriformis to the different fractions and that the F1 fractions were less efficient than the F2 ones, as indicated by the respective mean values for H. contortus, F1 = 136.9 ± 74.1 μg/mL and F2 = 108.1 ± 53.2 μg/mL, and for T. colubriformis, F1 = 233 ± 54.3 μg/mL and F2 = 166 ± 39.9 μg/mL. The results showed that the AH activity against H. contortus was associated with the monomeric subunits that give rise to prodelphinidins (P < 0.05) and with CT polymer size (P < 0.10). However, for T. colubriformis AH activity was correlated only with prodelphinidins (P < 0.05). These results suggest that CTs have different modes of action against different parasite species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Quijada
- †INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F-31076, France
- ‡Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F-31076, France
| | - Christos Fryganas
- §School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, 1 Earley Gate, P.O. Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Honorata M Ropiak
- §School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, 1 Earley Gate, P.O. Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Aina Ramsay
- §School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, 1 Earley Gate, P.O. Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- §School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, 1 Earley Gate, P.O. Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Hervé Hoste
- †INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F-31076, France
- ‡Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F-31076, France
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Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Sandoval-Castro CA, Mueller-Harvey I, Sotiraki S, Louvandini H, Thamsborg SM, Terrill TH. Tannin containing legumes as a model for nutraceuticals against digestive parasites in livestock. Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:5-17. [PMID: 26190131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) still represent a worldwide major pathological threat associated with the outdoor production of various livestock species. Because of the widespread resistance to synthetic chemical anthelmintics, there is a strong impetus to explore novel approaches for a more integrated management of these infections. The use of nutraceuticals in the control of GINs is one of the alternatives which has been widely studied for 20 years. The objectives of this review are: (i) to define and illustrate the concept of 'nutraceutical' in the context of veterinary parasitology based on data obtained on the most studied models to control GINs in small ruminants, the tannin-containing legumes (Fabaceae); (ii) to illustrate how the 'nutraceutical concept' could be expanded to other plants, other livestock production systems and other GI parasitic diseases, and (iii) to explain how this concept is opening up new research fields for better understanding the interactions between the host, the digestive parasites and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F-31076, France; Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F-31076, France.
| | - J F J Torres-Acosta
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - C A Sandoval-Castro
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - I Mueller-Harvey
- University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, 1 Earley Gate, P.O. Box 236, Reading, RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - S Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - H Louvandini
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University,1005 State University Drive Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
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Arroyo-Lopez C, Manolaraki F, Saratsis A, Saratsi K, Stefanakis A, Skampardonis V, Voutzourakis N, Hoste H, Sotiraki S. Anthelmintic effect of carob pods and sainfoin hay when fed to lambs after experimental trickle infections with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:71. [PMID: 25526546 PMCID: PMC4271655 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2014074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the in vivo anthelmintic activity of sainfoin hay (Onobrychis viciifolia) and carob pod meal (Ceratonia siliqua) against gastrointestinal nematodes. Seven days before infection, 64 naive lambs were assigned to four different groups: Group S received sainfoin hay and group CAR was fed with carob pods. The remaining lambs received lucerne hay (Medicago sativa) and were assigned to positive (non-treated, NT) and negative (treated, T) control groups (treatment with albendazole). On day 0, lambs were artificially trickle infected for 6 weeks, with a mixture of infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Parasitological and pathophysiological parameters were measured repeatedly during the 2-month study. Compared to the NT group, decreases in egg excretion were observed in the CAR and S groups with significant differences only found for sainfoin (p < 0.05). At necropsy, group S showed decreases in the total worm numbers of both nematode species with significant differences for H. contortus. In contrast, no differences were noticed for the CAR group. Compared to the NT group, lower values for fecundity of female H. contortus were found in the S and CAR groups, however differences were non-significant. No differences in body weight gains were found between groups. Consistent results were found showing significantly higher packed cell volume (PCV) values in the T and S groups compared to NT and CAR groups. Overall, these results confirm a positive effect associated with the feeding of lambs with tanniniferous resources on host resilience (PCV values) and against gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes by affecting some biological traits of worm populations (e.g. eggs per gram of faeces and worm numbers). However, the anthelmintic effects differed between the two tannin-containing resources, which might be associated with the quantity and/or quality of secondary metabolites (condensed tannins and/or other polyphenols).
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Arroyo-Lopez
- Veterinary Research Institute - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece - UMR 1225 IHAP INRA/ENVT, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Foteini Manolaraki
- UMR 1225 IHAP INRA/ENVT, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Anastasios Saratsis
- Veterinary Research Institute - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Saratsi
- Veterinary Research Institute - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Stefanakis
- Veterinary Research Institute - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Skampardonis
- Veterinary Research Institute - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Voutzourakis
- Veterinary Research Institute - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hervé Hoste
- UMR 1225 IHAP INRA/ENVT, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Williams AR, Ropiak HM, Fryganas C, Desrues O, Mueller-Harvey I, Thamsborg SM. Assessment of the anthelmintic activity of medicinal plant extracts and purified condensed tannins against free-living and parasitic stages of Oesophagostomum dentatum. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:518. [PMID: 25406417 PMCID: PMC4240858 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plant-derived condensed tannins (CT) show promise as a complementary option to treat gastrointestinal helminth infections, thus reducing reliance on synthetic anthelmintic drugs. Most studies on the anthelmintic effects of CT have been conducted on parasites of ruminant livestock. Oesophagostomum dentatum is an economically important parasite of pigs, as well as serving as a useful laboratory model of helminth parasites due to the ability to culture it in vitro for long periods through several life-cycle stages. Here, we investigated the anthelmintic effects of CT on multiple life cycle stages of O. dentatum. Methods Extracts and purified fractions were prepared from five plants containing CT and analysed by HPLC-MS. Anthelmintic activity was assessed at five different stages of the O. dentatum life cycle; the development of eggs to infective third-stage larvae (L3), the parasitic L3 stage, the moult from L3 to fourth-stage larvae (L4), the L4 stage and the adult stage. Results Free-living larvae of O. dentatum were highly susceptible to all five plant extracts. In contrast, only two of the five extracts had activity against L3, as evidenced by migration inhibition assays, whilst three of the five extracts inhibited the moulting of L3 to L4. All five extracts reduced the motility of L4, and the motility of adult worms exposed to a CT-rich extract derived from hazelnut skins was strongly inhibited, with electron microscopy demonstrating direct damage to the worm cuticle and hypodermis. Purified CT fractions retained anthelmintic activity, and depletion of CT from extracts by pre-incubation in polyvinylpolypyrrolidone removed anthelmintic effects, strongly suggesting CT as the active molecules. Conclusions These results suggest that CT may have promise as an alternative parasite control option for O. dentatum in pigs, particularly against adult stages. Moreover, our results demonstrate a varied susceptibility of different life-cycle stages of the same parasite to CT, which may offer an insight into the anthelmintic mechanisms of these commonly found plant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Honorata M Ropiak
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Christos Fryganas
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Olivier Desrues
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Dhakal S, Meyling NV, Williams AR, Mueller-Harvey I, Fryganas C, Kapel CMO, Fredensborg BL. Efficacy of condensed tannins against larval Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) in vitro and in the intermediate host Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera) in vivo. Vet Parasitol 2014; 207:49-55. [PMID: 25468673 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural anti-parasitic compounds in plants such as condensed tannins (CT) have anthelmintic properties against a range of gastrointestinal nematodes, but for other helminths such effects are unexplored. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of CT from three different plant extracts in a model system employing the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, in its intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor. An in vitro study examined infectivity of H. diminuta cysticercoids (excystation success) isolated from infected beetles exposed to different concentrations of CT extracts from pine bark (PB) (Pinus sps), hazelnut pericarp (HN) (Corylus avellana) or white clover flowers (WC) (Trifolium repens), in comparison with the anthelmintic drug praziquantel (positive control). In the in vitro study, praziquantel and CT from all three plant extracts had dose-dependent inhibitory effects on cysticercoid excystation. The HN extract was most effective at inhibiting excystation, followed by PB and WC. An in vivo study was carried out on infected beetles (measured as cysticercoid establishment) fed different doses of PB, HN and praziquantel. There was a highly significant inhibitory effect of HN on cysticercoid development (p=0.0002). Overall, CT showed a promising anti-cestodal effect against the metacestode stage of H. diminuta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Dhakal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nicolai V Meyling
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Fryganas
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M O Kapel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Brian L Fredensborg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Molan AL. Effect of purified condensed tannins from pine bark on larval motility, egg hatching and larval development of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae). Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2014. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2014.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kommuru D, Barker T, Desai S, Burke J, Ramsay A, Mueller-Harvey I, Miller J, Mosjidis J, Kamisetti N, Terrill T. Use of pelleted sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) for natural control of coccidia and gastrointestinal nematodes in weaned goats. Vet Parasitol 2014; 204:191-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Williams AR, Fryganas C, Ramsay A, Mueller-Harvey I, Thamsborg SM. Direct anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins from diverse plant sources against Ascaris suum. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97053. [PMID: 24810761 PMCID: PMC4014605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascaris suum is one of the most prevalent nematode parasites in pigs and causes significant economic losses, and also serves as a good model for A. lumbricoides, the large roundworm of humans that is ubiquitous in developing countries and causes malnutrition, stunted growth and compromises immunity to other pathogens. New treatment options for Ascaris infections are urgently needed, to reduce reliance on the limited number of synthetic anthelmintic drugs. In areas where Ascaris infections are common, ethno-pharmacological practices such as treatment with natural plant extracts are still widely employed. However, scientific validation of these practices and identification of the active compounds are lacking, although observed effects are often ascribed to plant secondary metabolites such as tannins. Here, we extracted, purified and characterised a wide range of condensed tannins from diverse plant sources and investigated anthelmintic effects against A. suum in vitro. We show that condensed tannins can have potent, direct anthelmintic effects against A. suum, as evidenced by reduced migratory ability of newly hatched third-stage larvae and reduced motility and survival of fourth-stage larvae recovered from pigs. Transmission electron microscopy showed that CT caused significant damage to the cuticle and digestive tissues of the larvae. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the strength of the anthelmintic effect is related to the polymer size of the tannin molecule. Moreover, the identity of the monomeric structural units of tannin polymers may also have an influence as gallocatechin and epigallocatechin monomers exerted significant anthelmintic activity whereas catechin and epicatechin monomers did not. Therefore, our results clearly document direct anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins against Ascaris and encourage further in vivo investigation to determine optimal strategies for the use of these plant compounds for the prevention and/or treatment of ascariosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Williams
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Christos Fryganas
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Aina Ramsay
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Stig M. Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Engström MT, Pälijärvi M, Fryganas C, Grabber JH, Mueller-Harvey I, Salminen JP. Rapid qualitative and quantitative analyses of proanthocyanidin oligomers and polymers by UPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3390-9. [PMID: 24665824 DOI: 10.1021/jf500745y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a rapid method with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of plant proanthocyanidins directly from crude plant extracts. The method utilizes a range of cone voltages to achieve the depolymerization step in the ion source of both smaller oligomers and larger polymers. The formed depolymerization products are further fragmented in the collision cell to enable their selective detection. This UPLC-MS/MS method is able to separately quantitate the terminal and extension units of the most common proanthocyanidin subclasses, that is, procyanidins and prodelphinidins. The resulting data enable (1) quantitation of the total proanthocyanidin content, (2) quantitation of total procyanidins and prodelphinidins including the procyanidin/prodelphinidin ratio, (3) estimation of the mean degree of polymerization for the oligomers and polymers, and (4) estimation of how the different procyanidin and prodelphinidin types are distributed along the chromatographic hump typically produced by large proanthocyanidins. All of this is achieved within the 10 min period of analysis, which makes the presented method a significant addition to the chemistry tools currently available for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of complex proanthocyanidin mixtures from plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica T Engström
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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