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Muthuraman KR, Utomo DIS, Matsuda M, Suzuki R, Park EY. Expression of dengue capsid-like particles in silkworm and display of envelope domain III of dengue virus serotype 2. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 222:106543. [PMID: 38971211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a considerable public health threat affecting millions of people globally. Vaccines for dengue are an important strategy to reduce the disease burden. We expressed capsid (C2) and envelope domain III of dengue virus serotype 2 (2EDIII) separately in the silkworm expression system. We conjugated them employing the monomeric streptavidin (mSA2) and biotin affinity to display the antigenic 2EDIII on the C2-forming capsid-like particle (CLP). Purified 2EDIII-displaying C2 (CLP/2EDIII) was immunogenic in BALB/c mice, eliciting neutralizing antibodies confirmed by a single-round infectious particle (SRIP) neutralization assay. Th1 cytokine levels were upregulated for the CLP/2EDIII group, and the anti-inflammatory IL-10 and pro-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine levels were also raised compared to the 2EDIII and the control groups. Elevated cytokine levels for CLP/2EDIII indicate the importance of displaying the 2EDIII as CLP/2EDIII rather than as an individual subunit. This study is the first to express the C2 protein as self-assembling CLP in vivo and 2EDIII separately in the silkworm expression system and conjugate them to form a monovalent CLP. Thus, this CLP/2EDIII display method may pave the way for an efficient tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Raja Muthuraman
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Doddy Irawan Setyo Utomo
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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Sobczak JM, Barkovska I, Balke I, Rothen DA, Mohsen MO, Skrastina D, Ogrina A, Martina B, Jansons J, Bogans J, Vogel M, Bachmann MF, Zeltins A. Identifying Key Drivers of Efficient B Cell Responses: On the Role of T Help, Antigen-Organization, and Toll-like Receptor Stimulation for Generating a Neutralizing Anti-Dengue Virus Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:661. [PMID: 38932390 PMCID: PMC11209419 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T help (Th), stimulation of toll-like receptors (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs), and antigen organization and repetitiveness (pathogen-associated structural patterns, PASPs) were shown numerous times to be important in driving B-cell and antibody responses. In this study, we dissected the individual contributions of these parameters using newly developed "Immune-tag" technology. As model antigens, we used eGFP and the third domain of the dengue virus 1 envelope protein (DV1 EDIII), the major target of virus-neutralizing antibodies. The respective proteins were expressed alone or genetically fused to the N-terminal fragment of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) capsid protein-nCMV, rendering the antigens oligomeric. In a step-by-step manner, RNA was attached as a PAMP, and/or a universal Th-cell epitope was genetically added for additional Th. Finally, a PASP was added to the constructs by displaying the antigens highly organized and repetitively on the surface of CMV-derived virus-like particles (CuMV VLPs). Sera from immunized mice demonstrated that each component contributed stepwise to the immunogenicity of both proteins. All components combined in the CuMV VLP platform induced by far the highest antibody responses. In addition, the DV1 EDIII induced high levels of DENV-1-neutralizing antibodies only if displayed on VLPs. Thus, combining multiple cues typically associated with viruses results in optimal antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Sobczak
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irena Barkovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ina Balke
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Dominik A. Rothen
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dace Skrastina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anete Ogrina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Byron Martina
- Artemis Bioservices, 2629 JD Delft, The Netherlands;
- Protinhi Therapeutics, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Juris Jansons
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Janis Bogans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
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3
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Valle C, Shrestha S, Godeke GJ, Hoogerwerf MN, Reimerink J, Eggink D, Reusken C. Multiplex Serology for Sensitive and Specific Flavivirus IgG Detection: Addition of Envelope Protein Domain III to NS1 Increases Sensitivity for Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus IgG Detection. Viruses 2024; 16:286. [PMID: 38400061 PMCID: PMC10892675 DOI: 10.3390/v16020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis is a vaccine-preventable disease of concern for public health in large parts of Europe, with EU notification rates increasing since 2018. It is caused by the orthoflavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and a diagnosis of infection is mainly based on serology due to its short viremic phase, often before symptom onset. The interpretation of TBEV serology is hampered by a history of orthoflavivirus vaccination and by previous infections with related orthoflaviviruses. Here, we sought to improve TBEV sero-diagnostics using an antigen combination of in-house expressed NS1 and EDIII in a multiplex, low-specimen-volume set-up for the detection of immune responses to TBEV and other clinically important orthoflaviviruses (i.e., West Nile virus, dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Usutu virus and Zika virus). We show that the combined use of NS1 and EDIII results in both a specific and sensitive test for the detection of TBEV IgG for patient diagnostics, vaccination responses and in seroprevalence studies. This novel approach potentially allows for a low volume-based, simultaneous analysis of IgG responses to a range of orthoflaviviruses with overlapping geographic circulations and clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Valle
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Sandhya Shrestha
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Gert-Jan Godeke
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Marieke N. Hoogerwerf
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
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Lee MF, Anasir MI, Poh CL. Development of novel antiviral peptides against dengue serotypes 1-4. Virology 2023; 580:10-27. [PMID: 36739680 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dengue infections pose a critical threat to public health worldwide. Since there are no clinically approved antiviral drugs to treat dengue infections caused by the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, there is an urgent need to develop effective antivirals. Peptides are promising antiviral candidates due to their specificity and non-toxic properties. The DENV envelope (E) protein was selected for the design of antiviral peptides due to its importance in receptor binding and viral fusion to the host cell membrane. Twelve novel peptides were designed to mimic regions containing critical amino acid residues of the DENV E protein required for interaction with the host. A total of four peptides were identified to exhibit potent inhibitory effects against at least three or all four DENV serotypes. Peptide 3 demonstrated all three modes of action: cell protection and inhibition of post-infection against all four DENV serotypes, whereas direct virus-inactivating effects were only observed against DENV-2, 3, and 4. Peptide 4 showed good direct virus-inactivating effects against DENV-2 (74.26%) as well as good inhibitions of DENV-1 (80.37%) and DENV-4 (72.22%) during the post-infection stage. Peptide 5 exhibited direct virus-inactivating effects against all four DENV serotypes, albeit at lower inhibition levels against DENV-1 and DENV-3. It also exhibited highly significant inhibition of DENV-4 (89.31%) during post-infection. Truncated peptide 5F which was derived from peptide 5 showed more significant inhibition of DENV-4 (91.58%) during post-infection and good direct virus-inactivating effects against DENV-2 (77.55%) at a lower concentration of 100 μM. Peptide 3 could be considered as the best antiviral candidate for pre- and post-infection treatments of DENV infections in regions with four circulating dengue serotypes. However, if the most predominant dengue serotype for a particular region could be identified, peptides with significantly high antiviral activities against that particular dengue serotype could serve as more suitable antiviral candidates. Thus, peptide 5F serves as a more suitable antiviral candidate for post-infection treatment against DENV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Felicia Lee
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ishtiaq Anasir
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia.
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Seesen M, Jearanaiwitayakul T, Limthongkul J, Midoeng P, Sunintaboon P, Ubol S. A bivalent form of nanoparticle-based dengue vaccine stimulated responses that potently eliminate both DENV-2 particles and DENV-2-infected cells. Vaccine 2023; 41:1638-1648. [PMID: 36740559 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease and continues to be a global public health concern. Although a licensed dengue vaccine is available, its efficacy and safety profile are not satisfactory. Hence, there remains a need for a safe and effective dengue vaccine. We are currently developing a bivalent dengue vaccine candidate. This vaccine candidate is composed of a C-terminus truncated non-structural protein 1 (NS11-279) and envelope domain III (EDIII) of DENV-2 encapsidated in the nanocarriers, N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (TMC NPs). The immunogenicity of this bivalent vaccine candidate was investigated in the present study using BALB/c mice. In this work, we demonstrate that NS1 + EDIII TMC NP-immunized mice strongly elicited antigen-specific antibody responses (anti-NS1 and anti-EDIII IgG) and T-cell responses (NS1- and EDIII-specific-CD4+ and CD8+ T cells). Importantly, the antibody response induced by NS1 + EDIII TMC NPs provided antiviral activities against DENV-2, including serotype-specific neutralization and antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Moreover, the significant upregulation of Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines, as well as the increased levels of antigen-specific IgG2a and IgG1, indicated a balanced Th1/Th2 response. Collectively, our findings suggest that NS1 + EDIII TMC NPs induced protective responses that can not only neutralize infectious DENV-2 but also eliminate DENV-2-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathurin Seesen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tuksin Jearanaiwitayakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Jitra Limthongkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panuwat Midoeng
- Division of Pathology, Army Institute of Pathology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panya Sunintaboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpatom, Thailand
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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The Immunogenicity of DENV1-4 ED3s Strongly Differ despite Their Almost Identical Three-Dimensional Structures and High Sequence Similarities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032393. [PMID: 36768719 PMCID: PMC9916489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a dengue (DENV) vaccine remains challenging due to the heteroserotypic infection, which can result in a potentially deadly hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, and only a tetravalent vaccine can overcome this issue. Here, we report the immunogenicity of DENV envelope protein domain 3 (ED3) from all four DENV serotypes (DENV1-4) in Swiss albino and BALB/c mice models. Firstly, we observed that despite having very similar sequences and structures, both the humoral and cellular immunogenicity of ED3s varied significantly, with strength ranging from DENV2 ED3 (2ED3)~3ED3 > 1ED3 > 4ED3, which was assessed through anti-ED3 IgG titers, and DENV1 ED3 (1ED3) > 2ED3~3ED3 > 4ED3 as determined by monitoring T-cell memory (CD44+CD62L+ T cells with IL-4 and IFN-γ expression). Secondly, anti-1ED3 sera cross-reacted with 2ED3 and 3ED3; anti-2ED3 and anti-3ED3 sera cross-reacted with each other, but anti-4ED3 was completely serotype-specific. The lack of reciprocity of anti-1ED3's cross-reaction was unanticipated. Such disparity in the ED3 responses and cross-reaction might underlie the appearance of hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Hence, the development of an ED3-based tetravalent subunit vaccine would require understanding the aforementioned disparities.
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Cheong HC, Cheok YY, Chan YT, Sulaiman S, Looi CY, Alshanon AF, Hassan J, Abubakar S, Wong WF. Zika Virus Vaccine: The Current State of Affairs and Challenges Posed by Antibody-Dependent Enhancement Reaction. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:586-596. [PMID: 36301533 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Choon Cheong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Ying Cheok
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Teng Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sofiah Sulaiman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed F. Alshanon
- Center of Biotechnology Researches, University of Al-Nahrain, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Jamiyah Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Educational Center (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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ZIKV-envelope proteins induce specific humoral and cellular immunity in distinct mice strains. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15733. [PMID: 36131132 PMCID: PMC9492693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection have highlighted the need for a better understanding of ZIKV-specific immune responses. The ZIKV envelope glycoprotein (EZIKV) is the most abundant protein on the virus surface and it is the main target of the protective immune response. EZIKV protein contains the central domain (EDI), a dimerization domain containing the fusion peptide (EDII), and a domain that binds to the cell surface receptor (EDIII). In this study, we performed a systematic comparison of the specific immune response induced by different EZIKV recombinant proteins (EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV or EDIIIZIKV) in two mice strains. Immunization induced high titers of E-specific antibodies which recognized ZIKV-infected cells and neutralized the virus. Furthermore, immunization with EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV and EDIIIZIKV proteins induced specific IFNγ-producing cells and polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Finally, we identified 4 peptides present in the envelope protein (E1-20, E51-70, E351-370 and E361-380), capable of inducing a cellular immune response to the H-2Kd and H-2Kb haplotypes. In summary, our work provides a detailed assessment of the immune responses induced after immunization with different regions of the ZIKV envelope protein.
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Yang B, Meng R, Feng C, Huang J, Li Q, Wang X, Zhang D. An Antibody Neutralization Determinant on Domain III and the First α-Helical Domain in the Stem-Anchor Region of Tembusu Virus Envelope Protein. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:684-695. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Previous studies identified three neutralizing epitopes on domains I, II, and III of the Tembusu virus (TMUV) envelope (E). More evidence is needed to understand the molecular basis of Ab-mediated neutralization and protection against TMUV. In this study, we observed a neutralizing mAb, 6C8, that neutralized TMUV infection primarily by inhibiting cell attachment. In immunofluorescence assays, 6C8 recognized the premembrane and E proteins coexpressed in HEK-293T cells, but failed to react with premembrane or E expressed individually. Epitope mapping identified nine E protein residues positioned on BC/EF loops and F/G strands in domain III and the first α-helical domain in the stem region. Further investigation with mutant viruses showed that 6C8 pressure resulted in mutations at residues 330 of BC loop and 409 of the first α-helical domain, although 6C8 only exhibited a moderate neutralizing activity in BHK-21 cells and a weak protective activity in BALB/c mice and Shaoxing duck models. Mutations A330S and T409M conferred high- and low-level 6C8 resistance, respectively, whereas the combination of A330S and T409M mutations conferred moderate-level 6C8 resistance. As a result, a quasispecies comprising three groups of antigenic variants appeared in BHK-21 cell–derived viral stocks after repeated passages of TMUV strain Y in the presence of 6C8 treatment. Taken together, these findings have raised a concern about Ab-induced antigenic variations in vivo, and they have revealed information concerning the conformational structure of the 6C8 epitope and its role in constraint on antigenic variations. The present work contributes to a better understanding of the complexity of the TMUV immunogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Runze Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chonglun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Seesen M, Jearanaiwitayakul T, Limthongkul J, Sunintaboon P, Ubol S. Mice immunized with trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles containing DENV-2 envelope domain III elicit neutralizing antibodies with undetectable antibody-dependent enhancement activity. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35833704 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a disease that poses a significant global public health concern. Although a tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccine has been licensed, its efficacy is still debated due to evidence of vaccine breakthrough infection. To avoid this issue, dengue vaccines should stimulate a high degree of serotype-specific response. Thus, envelope domain III (EDIII), which contains serotype-specific neutralizing epitopes, is an attractive target for dengue vaccine development. In this study, we investigated how EDIII encapsidated in N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan chloride nanoparticles (TMC NPs) stimulates a serotype-specific response and whether this response exerts a potential in vitro breakthrough infection. The immune response to DENV-2 elicited by EDIII TMC NP-immunized mice was monitored. We demonstrated that immunization with EDIII TMC NPs resulted in a high level of anti-EDIII antibody production. These antibodies included IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a subtypes. Importantly, antibodies from the immunized mice exerted efficient neutralizing activity with undetectable antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) activity. We also found that EDIII TMC NPs activated functional EDIII-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. In conclusion, EDIII TMC NPs stimulated humoral immunity with a strong neutralizing antibody response, as well as a cellular immune response against DENV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathurin Seesen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Jitra Limthongkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Panya Sunintaboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpatom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Huang HJ, Yang M, Chen HW, Wang S, Chang CP, Ho TS, Kao YS, Tien SM, Lin HH, Chang PC, Lai YC, Hsiao YP, Liu YL, Chao CH, Anderson R, Yeh TM, Lin YS, Wan SW. A novel chimeric dengue vaccine candidate composed of consensus envelope protein domain III fused to C-terminal-modified NS1 protein. Vaccine 2022; 40:2299-2310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Ren S, Fraser K, Kuo L, Chauhan N, Adrian AT, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Kwon PS, Wang X. Designer DNA nanostructures for viral inhibition. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:282-326. [PMID: 35013618 PMCID: PMC8852688 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Emerging viral diseases can substantially threaten national and global public health. Central to our ability to successfully tackle these diseases is the need to quickly detect the causative virus and neutralize it efficiently. Here we present the rational design of DNA nanostructures to inhibit dengue virus infection. The designer DNA nanostructure (DDN) can bind to complementary epitopes on antigens dispersed across the surface of a viral particle. Since these antigens are arranged in a defined geometric pattern that is unique to each virus, the structure of the DDN is designed to mirror the spatial arrangement of antigens on the viral particle, providing very high viral binding avidity. We describe how available structural data can be used to identify unique spatial patterns of antigens on the surface of a viral particle. We then present a procedure for synthesizing DDNs using a combination of in silico design principles, self-assembly, and characterization using gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Finally, we evaluate the efficacy of a DDN in inhibiting dengue virus infection via plaque-forming assays. We expect this protocol to take 2-3 d to complete virus antigen pattern identification from existing cryogenic electron microscopy data, ~2 weeks for DDN design, synthesis, and virus binding characterization, and ~2 weeks for DDN cytotoxicity and antiviral efficacy assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Ren
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Keith Fraser
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Lili Kuo
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Neha Chauhan
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Centre for Pathogen Diagnostics, DREMES at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the Zhejiang University-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Addison T Adrian
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Centre for Pathogen Diagnostics, DREMES at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the Zhejiang University-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Kwon
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Centre for Pathogen Diagnostics, DREMES at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the Zhejiang University-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Anasir MI, Poh CL. Discovery of B-cell epitopes for development of dengue vaccines and antibody therapeutics. Med Microbiol Immunol 2022; 211:1-18. [PMID: 35059822 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-021-00726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most frequently transmitted viral infections globally which creates a serious burden to the healthcare system in many countries in the tropical and subtropical regions. To date, no vaccine has demonstrated balanced protection against the four dengue serotypes. Dengvaxia as the only vaccine that has been licensed for use in endemic areas has shown an increased risk in dengue-naïve vaccines to develop severe dengue. A crucial element in protection from dengue infection is the neutralizing antibody responses. Therefore, the identification of protective linear B-cell epitopes can guide vaccine design and facilitate the development of monoclonal antibodies as dengue therapeutics. This review summarizes the identification of dengue B-cell epitopes within the envelope (E) protein of dengue that can be incorporated into peptide vaccine constructs. These epitopes have been identified through approaches such as bioinformatics, three-dimensional structure analysis of antibody-dengue complexes, mutagenesis/alanine scanning and escape mutant studies. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies targeting the E protein of dengue is reviewed. This can provide a basis for the design of future dengue therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishtiaq Anasir
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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14
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Molecular dynamics simulations and Gaussian network model for designing antibody mimicking protein towards dengue envelope protein. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Wang WH, Urbina AN, Lin CY, Yang ZS, Assavalapsakul W, Thitithanyanont A, Lu PL, Chen YH, Wang SF. Targets and strategies for vaccine development against dengue viruses. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112304. [PMID: 34634560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a global health threat causing about half of the worldwide population to be at risk of infection, especially the people living in tropical and subtropical area. Although the dengue disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) is asymptomatic and self-limiting in most people with first infection, increased severe dengue symptoms may be observed in people with heterotypic secondary DENV infection. Since there is a lack of specific antiviral medication, the development of dengue vaccines is critical in the prevention and control this disease. Several targets and strategies in the development of dengue vaccine have been demonstrated. Currently, Dengvaxia, a live-attenuated chimeric yellow-fever/tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) developed by Sanofi Pasteur, has been licensed and approved for clinical use in some countries. However, this vaccine has demonstrated low efficacy in children and dengue-naïve individuals and also increases the risk of severe dengue in young vaccinated recipients. Accordingly, many novel strategies for the dengue vaccine are under investigation and development. Here, we conducted a systemic literature review according to PRISMA guidelines to give a concise overview of various aspects of the vaccine development process against DENVs, mainly targeting five potential strategies including live attenuated vaccine, inactivated virus vaccine, recombinant subunit vaccine, viral-vector vaccine, and DNA vaccine. This study offers the comprehensive view of updated information and current progression of immunogen selection as well as strategies of vaccine development against DENVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Aspiro Nayim Urbina
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Lin
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Syuan Yang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Arunee Thitithanyanont
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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16
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Qu S, Wang X, Yang L, Meng R, Feng C, Yang B, Huang J, Li Q, Wang J, Zhang D. Mapping of a unique epitope on domain III of the envelope protein of Tembusu virus. Virus Res 2021; 306:198582. [PMID: 34599934 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We recently developed a Tembusu virus (TMUV)-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 12F11, which was found to recognize a long amino acid sequence between residues 8 and 77 of domain III of the envelope protein (EDIII). Here, the epitope recognized by MAb 12F11 was mapped using alanine substitutions combined with dissociation constant analysis. The findings, and prediction of tertiary structure of TMUV EDIII, showed that the MAb 12F11 epitope contained one critical residue and 13 peripheral residues. Moreover, the antigenic site was shown to span four loops (N-terminal region, AB, BC, and CD) and three β-strands (A, B, and D). The present work contributes to the understanding of antigenic structure of TMUV envelope protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, Haidian district 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, Haidian district 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, Haidian district 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Runze Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, Haidian district 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chonglun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, Haidian district 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, Haidian district 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, Haidian district 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, Haidian district 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, Haidian district 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, Haidian district 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Dengue is a vector-borne viral disease caused by the flavivirus dengue virus (DENV). Approximately 400 million cases and 22 000 deaths occur due to dengue worldwide each year. It has been reported in more than 100 countries in tropical and subtropical regions. A positive-stranded enveloped RNA virus (DENV) is principally transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It has four antigenically distinct serotypes, DENV-1 to DENV-4, with different genotypes and three structural proteins and seven non-structural proteins. Clinical symptoms of dengue range from mild fever to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), with thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, and increased vascular permeability. Although primary infection causes activation of immune responses against DENV serotypes, the severity of the disease is enhanced via heterotypic infection by various serotypes as well as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The first licensed DENV vaccine was tetravalent CYD Denvaxia, but it has not been approved in all countries. The lack of a suitable animal model, a proper mechanistic study in pathogenesis, and ADE are the main hindrances in vaccine development. This review summarizes the current knowledge on DENV epidemiology, biology, and disease aetiology in the context of prevention and protection from dengue virus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Kumar Roy
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O. North Bengal University, Raja Rammohunpur, District: Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734 013, India.,Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O. North Bengal University, Raja Rammohunpur, District: Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734 013, India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O. North Bengal University, Raja Rammohunpur, District: Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734 013, India.,Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O. North Bengal University, Raja Rammohunpur, District: Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734 013, India
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18
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Pinheiro JR, Camilo dos Reis E, Souza RDSO, Rocha ALS, Suesdek L, Azevedo V, Tiwari S, Rocha BGS, Birbrair A, Méndez EC, Luiz WB, Amorim JH. Comparison of Neutralizing Dengue Virus B Cell Epitopes and Protective T Cell Epitopes With Those in Three Main Dengue Virus Vaccines. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715136. [PMID: 34489965 PMCID: PMC8417696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of Dengue virus (DENV1-4) are arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) that belong to the Flavivirus genus, Flaviviridae family. They are the causative agents of an infectious disease called dengue, an important global public health problem with significant social-economic impact. Thus, the development of safe and effective dengue vaccines is a priority according to the World Health Organization. Only one anti-dengue vaccine has already been licensed in endemic countries and two formulations are under phase III clinical trials. In this study, we aimed to compare the main anti-dengue virus vaccines, DENGVAXIA®, LAV-TDV, and TAK-003, regarding their antigens and potential to protect. We studied the conservation of both, B and T cell epitopes involved in immunological control of DENV infection along with vaccine viruses and viral isolates. In addition, we assessed the population coverage of epitope sets contained in each vaccine formulation with regard to different human populations. As main results, we found that all three vaccines contain the main B cell epitopes involved in viral neutralization. Similarly, LAV-TDV and TAK-003 contain most of T cell epitopes involved in immunological protection, a finding not observed in DENGVAXIA®, which explains main limitations of the only licensed dengue vaccine. In summary, the levels of presence and absence of epitopes that are target for protective immune response in the three main anti-dengue virus vaccines are shown in this study. Our results suggest that investing in vaccines that contain the majority of epitopes involved in protective immunity (cellular and humoral arms) is an important issue to be considered.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Conserved Sequence
- Dengue/prevention & control
- Dengue Vaccines/genetics
- Dengue Vaccines/immunology
- Dengue Virus/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization Programs
- Models, Molecular
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Josilene Ramos Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Esther Camilo dos Reis
- Laboratório de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rayane da Silva Oliveira Souza
- Laboratório de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Luíza Silva Rocha
- Laboratório de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lincoln Suesdek
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto, Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Alexander Birbrair
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erick Carvalho Méndez
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Wilson Barros Luiz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jaime Henrique Amorim
- Laboratório de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil
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19
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White HN. B-Cell Memory Responses to Variant Viral Antigens. Viruses 2021; 13:565. [PMID: 33810456 PMCID: PMC8066974 DOI: 10.3390/v13040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central feature of vertebrate immune systems is the ability to form antigen-specific immune memory in response to microbial challenge and so provide protection against future infection. In conflict with this process is the ability that many viruses have to mutate their antigens to escape infection- or vaccine-induced antibody memory responses. Mutable viruses such as dengue virus, influenza virus and of course coronavirus have a major global health impact, exacerbated by this ability to evade immune responses through mutation. There have been several outstanding recent studies on B-cell memory that also shed light on the potential and limitations of antibody memory to protect against viral antigen variation, and so promise to inform new strategies for vaccine design. For the purposes of this review, the current understanding of the different memory B-cell (MBC) populations, and their potential to recognize mutant antigens, will be described prior to some examples from antibody responses against the highly mutable RNA based flaviviruses, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry N White
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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20
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The induction of a functional immune response against the four viral serotypes is one of the premises for an effective vaccine against Dengue virus. This is challenging since the immunization with four antigens leads to immunologic phenomena such as antigen interference, immuno-dominance, and tolerance. Moreover, the four serotypes have intrinsic features that impact the outcome after the immunization with a tetravalent formulation. AREAS COVERED This work reviews the main studies evidencing the differences between Dengue virus 4 and the rest of the serotypes. We address some peculiarities of this virus and discuss which factors could explain the heterogeneous response achieved after the immune evaluation of tetravalent formulations. EXPERT OPINION The low immunogenicity associated with serotype 4 could slow down the development of a vaccine against Dengue virus. Achieving similar levels of neutralizing antibodies against the four serotypes has been the goal of many vaccine developers. However, this does not need to be seen as a mandatory dogma. High levels of efficacy against Dengue virus 4 could be reached even if it shows the lowest neutralizing antibody titers among the viral complex. Studies on the efficacy of vaccines, currently in phase III clinical trials, should shed light on this concern in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lazo
- Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana , Havana, Cuba
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21
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Kumar YN, Jeyakodi G, Kumar NP, Gunasekaran K, Jambulingam P. Molecular modelling analysis of T219A mutant envelope protein revealed novel virulence enhancing factors in Dengue virus isolated from Kerala state, India. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 195:105481. [PMID: 32497770 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an emerging health threat and its envelope glycoprotein E, is involved in the anchoring and fusion mechanisms. Anchoring followed by conformational changes of E-protein are responsible for the fusion and entry of DENV into host. The variation in the conformation of the E-protein due to mutations, results in its altered binding with antibodies (Abs) and also its receptors. This leads to failure of neutralization of DENV and enhance the infection. In our earlier studies we have identified T219A mutation in the E-protein of DENV and the present study is focused on the impact of this mutation on the conformation of E-protein and also its binding variation with Abs and Fc-γ receptor. A comparative molecular modelling studies of wild type and T219A mutant E-proteins revealed that, the mutation induced several conformational variations in the E-protein and resulted in the variable binding orientation with altered affinities. Further, the mutation was also observed to enhance the fusion mechanism by Fc-γ receptors that mediate the efficient entry of DENV into host cell through altered membrane fusion mechanism. Such conformational variations of E-protein could be the responsible factors for enhanced virulence of DENV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nanda Kumar
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Vector Control Research Center, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pondicherry, India, 605006; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - G Jeyakodi
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Vector Control Research Center, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pondicherry, India, 605006
| | - N Pradeep Kumar
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Vector Control Research Center, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pondicherry, India, 605006
| | - K Gunasekaran
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Vector Control Research Center, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pondicherry, India, 605006
| | - P Jambulingam
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Vector Control Research Center, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pondicherry, India, 605006
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22
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Remmel JL, Beauchemin KS, Mishra AK, Frei JC, Lai JR, Bailey-Kellogg C, Ackerman ME. Combinatorial Resurfacing of Dengue Envelope Protein Domain III Antigens Selectively Ablates Epitopes Associated with Serotype-Specific or Infection-Enhancing Antibody Responses. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:446-456. [PMID: 32574486 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutagenesis of surface-exposed residues, or "resurfacing", is a protein engineering strategy that can be utilized to disrupt antibody recognition or modulate the capacity of a protein to elicit antibody responses. We apply resurfacing to engineer Dengue virus envelope protein domain III (DENV DIII) antigens with the goal of focusing humoral recognition on epitopes of interest by selective ablation of irrelevant and undesired epitopes. Cross-reactive but non-neutralizing antibodies have the potential to enhance Dengue virus (DENV) infection by a process called antibody-dependent enhancement, thought to be associated with severe secondary heterotypic infection. Thus, a focus on epitopes associated with broadly neutralizing antibodies is important both for understanding human antibody responses against DENV and for the development of a successful DENV vaccine. To engineer DENV DIII antigens focusing on the AG strand epitope associated with broadly neutralizing antibody responses, we generated yeast surface display libraries of DENV2 DIII where the AB loop (associated with cross-reactive but non-neutralizing antibody responses) and FG loop (associated with serotype-specific antibody responses) were mutagenized to allow for all possible amino acid substitutions. Loop variants that maintained the AG strand epitope and simultaneously disrupted the AB and FG loop epitopes exhibited high and diverse mutational loads that were amenable to loop exchange and transplantation into a DENV4 DIII background. Thus, several loop variants fulfill this antigenicity criteria regardless of serotype context. The resulting resurfaced DIII antigens may be utilized as AG strand epitope-focusing probes or immunogen candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Remmel
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Kathryn S. Beauchemin
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Akaash K. Mishra
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Julia C. Frei
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Chris Bailey-Kellogg
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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Identification of a Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody That Recognizes a Unique Epitope on Domain III of the Envelope Protein of Tembusu Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060647. [PMID: 32549221 PMCID: PMC7354527 DOI: 10.3390/v12060647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Domain III of the envelope protein (EDIII) is the major target of flavivirus neutralizing antibody. To date, little is known regarding antibody-mediated neutralization of Tembusu virus (TMUV), a novel flavivirus emerging in duck in 2010. Here, a novel monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated 12F11, was prepared by immunization of mice with recombinant EDIII (rEDIII) protein. Using virus neutralization test, 12F11 in undiluted ascites neutralized the TMUV infectivity to induce the development of cytopathic effects in BHK-21 cells, indicating that 12F11 exhibits a neutralizing activity. The neutralizing activity of 12F11 was confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test, in which 12F11 reduced significantly the number of plaques produced by TMUV in BHK-21 cells. Western blot analyses of a series of truncated rEDIII proteins showed that the epitope recognized by 12F11 includes amino acids between residues 8 and 77 of EDIII protein. Function analysis demonstrated that 12F11 neutralizes TMUV infection at virus adsorption and at a step after adsorption to a certain extent. The present study provides an important step towards elucidating antibody-mediated neutralization of TMUV.
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Wilken L, Rimmelzwaan GF. Adaptive Immunity to Dengue Virus: Slippery Slope or Solid Ground for Rational Vaccine Design? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060470. [PMID: 32549226 PMCID: PMC7350362 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus are the most widespread causes of arboviral disease, currently placing half of the human population at risk of infection. Pre-existing immunity to one dengue virus serotype can predispose to severe disease following secondary infection with a different serotype. The phenomenon of immune enhancement has complicated vaccine development and likely explains the poor long-term safety profile of a recently licenced dengue vaccine. Therefore, alternative vaccine strategies should be considered. This review summarises studies dissecting the adaptive immune responses to dengue virus infection and (experimental) vaccination. In particular, we discuss the roles of (i) neutralising antibodies, (ii) antibodies to non-structural protein 1, and (iii) T cells in protection and pathogenesis. We also address how these findings could translate into next-generation vaccine approaches that mitigate the risk of enhanced dengue disease. Finally, we argue that the development of a safe and efficacious dengue vaccine is an attainable goal.
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Anasir MI, Ramanathan B, Poh CL. Structure-Based Design of Antivirals against Envelope Glycoprotein of Dengue Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040367. [PMID: 32225021 PMCID: PMC7232406 DOI: 10.3390/v12040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) presents a significant threat to global public health with more than 500,000 hospitalizations and 25,000 deaths annually. Currently, there is no clinically approved antiviral drug to treat DENV infection. The envelope (E) glycoprotein of DENV is a promising target for drug discovery as the E protein is important for viral attachment and fusion. Understanding the structure and function of DENV E protein has led to the exploration of structure-based drug discovery of antiviral compounds and peptides against DENV infections. This review summarizes the structural information of the DENV E protein with regards to DENV attachment and fusion. The information enables the development of antiviral agents through structure-based approaches. In addition, this review compares the potency of antivirals targeting the E protein with the antivirals targeting DENV multifunctional enzymes, repurposed drugs and clinically approved antiviral drugs. None of the current DENV antiviral candidates possess potency similar to the approved antiviral drugs which indicates that more efforts and resources must be invested before an effective DENV drug materializes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishtiaq Anasir
- Center for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Babu Ramanathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Center for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-7491-8622; Fax: +60-3-5635-8633
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Hurtado-Monzón AM, Cordero-Rivera CD, Farfan-Morales CN, Osuna-Ramos JF, De Jesús-González LA, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Del Ángel RM. The role of anti-flavivirus humoral immune response in protection and pathogenesis. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:e2100. [PMID: 32101633 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavivirus infections are a public health threat in the world that requires the development of safe and effective vaccines. Therefore, the understanding of the anti-flavivirus humoral immune response is fundamental to future studies on flavivirus pathogenesis and the design of anti-flavivirus therapeutics. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the function and involvement of flavivirus proteins in the humoral immune response as well as the ability of the anti-envelope (anti-E) antibodies to interfere (neutralizing antibodies) or not (non-neutralizing antibodies) with viral infection, and how they can, in some circumstances enhance dengue virus infection on Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) bearing cells through a mechanism known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Thus, the dual role of the antibodies against E protein poses a formidable challenge for vaccine development. Also, we discuss the roles of antibody binding stoichiometry (the concentration, affinity, or epitope recognition) in the neutralization of flaviviruses and the "breathing" of flavivirus virions in the humoral immune response. Finally, the relevance of some specific antibodies in the design and improvement of effective vaccines is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mahely Hurtado-Monzón
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Simple production of hydrophobin-fused domain III of dengue envelope protein and induction of neutralizing antibodies against the homotypic serotype of dengue virus. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:419-428. [PMID: 31828570 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobin-fused domain III of dengue envelope proteins serotypes 1 and 2 were expressed in Rachiplusia nu larvae and purified by aqueous two-phase system. This biotechnological approach of hydrophobin-fused proteins, which allowed obtaining 97.7 µg/larva of fusion protein DomIII serotype 1 and 61.4 µg/larva of fusion protein DomIII serotype 2, represents an integrated strategy for simple production of recombinant antigens. Purified fusion proteins induced serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies without cross-reaction against other serotypes and arboviruses after mouse immunization. hydrophobin-fused domain III of dengue envelope protein could be a promising strategy for easy and low-cost production of components of a tetravalent sub-unit vaccine against dengue.
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Ul-Rahman A, Shabbir MAB. In silico analysis for development of epitopes-based peptide vaccine against Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:3110-3122. [PMID: 31370756 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1651673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (ALKV) causes a fatal clinical disease in human beings of different tropical and sub-tropical regions. Recently, the ALKV epidemics have raised a great public health concern with the room for improvement in the essential therapeutic interventions. Despite increased realistic clinical cases of ALKV infection, the efficient vaccine or immunotherapy is not yet available to-date. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyze the envelope glycoprotein of ALKV for the development of B-cells and T-cells epitope-based peptide vaccine using the computational in silico method. Utilizing various immunoinformatics approaches, a total of 5 B-cells and 25 T-cells (MHC-I = 17, MHC-II = 8) epitope-based peptides were predicted in the current study. All predicted peptides had highest antigenicity and immunogenicity scores along with high binding affinity to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles. Among 25T-cell epitopes, three peptides were found alike to have affinity to bind both MHC-I and MHC-II alleles. These outcomes suggested that these predicted epitopes could potentially be used in the development of an efficient vaccine against ALKV, which may enable to elicit both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Although, these predicted peptides could be useful in designing a candidate vaccine for the prevention of ALKV; however, it's in vitro and in vivo assessments are prerequisite.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ul-Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir
- Department of Microbiology and Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Yeast-produced subunit protein vaccine elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies that protect mice against Zika virus lethal infection. Antiviral Res 2019; 170:104578. [PMID: 31394119 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a serious public health concern due to its ability to induce neurological defects and its potential for rapid transmission at a global scale. However, no vaccine is currently available to prevent ZIKV infection. Here, we report the development of a yeast-derived subunit protein vaccine for ZIKV. The envelope protein domain III (EDIII) of ZIKV was produced as a secretory protein in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The yeast-derived EDIII could inhibit ZIKV infection in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that it had acquired an appropriate conformation to bind to cellular receptors of ZIKV. Immunization with recombinant EDIII protein effectively induced antigen-specific binding antibodies and cellular immune responses. The resulting anti-EDIII sera could efficiently neutralize ZIKV representative strains from both Asian and African lineages. Passive transfer with the anti-EDIII neutralizing sera could confer protection against lethal ZIKV challenge in mice. Importantly, we found that purified anti-EDIII antibodies did not cross-react with closely related dengue virus (DENV) and therefore did not enhance DENV infection. Collectively, our results demonstrate that yeast-produced EDIII is a safe and effective ZIKV vaccine candidate.
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Hu D, Zhu Z, Li S, Deng Y, Wu Y, Zhang N, Puri V, Wang C, Zou P, Lei C, Tian X, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Li W, Prabakaran P, Feng Y, Cardosa J, Qin C, Zhou X, Dimitrov DS, Ying T. A broadly neutralizing germline-like human monoclonal antibody against dengue virus envelope domain III. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007836. [PMID: 31242272 PMCID: PMC6615639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most widespread vector-borne viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) for which there are no safe, effective drugs approved for clinical use. Here, by using sequential antigen panning of a yeast antibody library derived from healthy donors against the DENV envelop protein domain III (DIII) combined with depletion by an entry defective DIII mutant, we identified a cross-reactive human monoclonal antibody (mAb), m366.6, which bound with high affinity to DENV DIII from all four DENV serotypes. Immunogenetic analysis indicated that m366.6 is a germline-like mAb with very few somatic mutations from the closest VH and Vλ germline genes. Importantly, we demonstrated that it potently neutralized DENV both in vitro and in the mouse models of DENV infection without detectable antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect. The epitope of m366.6 was mapped to the highly conserved regions on DIII, which may guide the design of effective dengue vaccine immunogens. Furthermore, as the first germline-like mAb derived from a naïve antibody library that could neutralize all four DENV serotypes, the m366.6 can be a tool for exploring mechanisms of DENV infection, and is a promising therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shun Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Vinita Puri
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chunyu Wang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Tian
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulu Wang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ponraj Prabakaran
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yang Feng
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jane Cardosa
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Chengfeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (DSD); (TY)
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XZ); (DSD); (TY)
| | - Tianlei Ying
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (DSD); (TY)
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Auerswald H, Klepsch L, Schreiber S, Hülsemann J, Franzke K, Kann S, Y B, Duong V, Buchy P, Schreiber M. The Dengue ED3 Dot Assay, a Novel Serological Test for the Detection of Denguevirus Type-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Retrospective Seroprevalence Study. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040304. [PMID: 30934772 PMCID: PMC6521013 DOI: 10.3390/v11040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are four distinct antigenic serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV-1-4). Sequential infections with different serotypes lead to cross-reactive but also serotype-specific neutralizing antibody responses. Neutralization assays are considered as gold standard for serotype-specific antibody detection. However, for retrospective seroprevalence studies, access to large serum quantities is limited making neutralization assays well-nigh impossible. Therefore, a serological test, wasting only 10 µL serum, was developed using fusion proteins of maltose binding protein and E protein domain 3 (MBP-ED3) as antigens. Twelve MBP-ED3 antigens for DENV-1-4, three MBP-ED3 antigens for WNV, JEV, and TBEV, and MBP were dotted onto a single nitrocellulose strip. ED3 dot assay results were compared to virus neutralization and ED3 ELISA test results, showing a >90% accordance for DENV-1 and a 100% accordance for DENV-2, making the test specifically useful for DENV-1/-2 serotype-specific antibody detection. Since 2010, DENV-1 has replaced DENV-2 as the dominant serotype in Cambodia. In a retrospective cohort analysis, sera collected during the DENV-1/-2 endemic period showed a shift to DENV-2-specific antibody responses in 2012 paralleled by the decline of DENV-2 infections. Altogether, the ED3 dot assay is a serum-, time- and money-saving diagnostic tool for serotype-specific antibody detection, especially when serum samples are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Auerswald
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Leonard Klepsch
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schreiber
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Janne Hülsemann
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kati Franzke
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Simone Kann
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Bunthin Y
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Monivong Boulevard, 12201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Monivong Boulevard, 12201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Monivong Boulevard, 12201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
- GlaxoSmithKline, Vaccines R&D, 23 Rochester Park, Singapore 139234, Singapore.
| | - Michael Schreiber
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
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Shukla R, Ramasamy V, Rajpoot RK, Arora U, Poddar A, Ahuja R, Beesetti H, Swaminathan S, Khanna N. Next generation designer virus-like particle vaccines for dengue. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:105-117. [PMID: 30587054 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1562909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A safe and efficacious vaccine for dengue continues to be an unmet public health need. The recent licensing of a dengue vaccine (Dengvaxia) developed by Sanofi has brought to the fore the safety issue of vaccine-induced infection enhancement. AREAS COVERED This article focuses on two new yeast-produced tetravalent dengue envelope domain III-displaying virus-like particulate vaccine candidates reported in early 2018 and reviews the rationale underlying their design, and pre-clinical data which suggest that these may offer promising alternate options. EXPERT COMMENTARY These are the only vaccine candidates so far to have demonstrated the induction of primarily serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies to all dengue virus serotypes in experimental animals. Interestingly, these antibodies lack infection-enhancing potential when evaluated using the AG129 mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shukla
- a Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division , International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Viswanathan Ramasamy
- a Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division , International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Ravi Kant Rajpoot
- a Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division , International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Upasana Arora
- a Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division , International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Ankur Poddar
- a Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division , International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Richa Ahuja
- a Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division , International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Hemalatha Beesetti
- a Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division , International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Sathyamangalam Swaminathan
- a Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division , International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Navin Khanna
- a Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division , International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , New Delhi , India.,b NCR Biotech Science Cluster , Translational Health Science & Technology Institute , Faridabad , India
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Potent Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies Preferentially Target Mature Dengue Virus Particles: Implication for Novel Strategy for Dengue Vaccine. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00556-18. [PMID: 30185598 PMCID: PMC6232466 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00556-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) cause the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. The envelope (E) protein is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and contains 3 domains (domain I [DI], DII, and DIII). Recent studies reported that human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognizing DIII, the D1/DII hinge, the E-dimer epitope, or a quaternary epitope involving DI/DII/DIII are more potently neutralizing than those recognizing the fusion loop (FL) of DII. Due to inefficient cleavage of the premembrane protein, DENV suspensions consist of a mixture of mature, immature, and partially immature particles. We investigated the neutralization and binding of 22 human MAbs to DENV serotype 1 (DENV1) virions with differential maturation status. Compared with FL MAbs, DIII, DI/DII hinge, and E-dimer epitope MAbs showed higher maximum binding and avidity to mature particles relative to immature particles; this feature may contribute to the strong neutralizing potency of such MAbs. FL-specific MAbs required 57 to 87% occupancy on mature particles to achieve half-maximal neutralization (NT50), whereas the potently neutralizing MAbs achieved NT50 states at 20 to 38% occupancy. Analysis of the MAb repertoire and polyclonal sera from patients with primary DENV1 infection supports the immunodominance of cross-reactive anti-E antibodies over type-specific antibodies. After depletion with viral particles from a heterologous DENV serotype, the type-specific neutralizing antibodies remained and showed binding features shared by potent neutralizing MAbs. Taken together, these findings suggest that the use of homogeneous mature DENV particles as an immunogen may induce more potent neutralizing antibodies against DENV than the use of immature or mixed particles.IMPORTANCE With an estimated 390 million infections per year, the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) cause the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. The dengue vaccine Dengvaxia was licensed; however, its low efficacy among dengue-naive individuals and increased risk of causing severe dengue in children highlight the need for a better understanding of the role of human antibodies in immunity against DENV. DENV suspensions contain mature, immature, and partially immature particles. We investigated the binding of 22 human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the DENV envelope protein on particles with different maturation states. Potently neutralizing MAbs had higher relative maximum binding and avidity to mature particles than weakly neutralizing MAbs. This was supported by analysis of MAb repertoires and polyclonal sera from patients with primary DENV infection. Together, these findings suggest that mature particles may be the optimal form of presentation of the envelope protein to induce more potent neutralizing antibodies against DENV.
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Characterization of a potent and highly unusual minimally enhancing antibody directed against dengue virus. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1248-1256. [PMID: 30323338 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus is a major pathogen, and severe infections can lead to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue virus exists as four serotypes, and dengue hemorrhagic fever is often associated with secondary heterologous infections. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) may drive higher viral loads in these secondary infections and is purported to result from antibodies that recognize dengue virus but fail to fully neutralize it. Here we characterize two antibodies, 2C8 and 3H5, that bind to the envelope protein. Antibody 3H5 is highly unusual as it not only is potently neutralizing but also promotes little if any ADE, whereas antibody 2C8 has strong capacity to promote ADE. We show that 3H5 shows resilient binding in endosomal pH conditions and neutralizes at low occupancy. Immunocomplexes of 3H5 and dengue virus do not efficiently interact with Fcγ receptors, which we propose is due to the binding mode of 3H5 and constitutes the primary mechanism of how ADE is avoided.
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Engineered Dengue Virus Domain III Proteins Elicit Cross-Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Mice. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01023-18. [PMID: 29976679 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01023-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus is the most globally prevalent mosquito-transmitted virus. Primary infection with one of four cocirculating serotypes (DENV-1 to -4) causes a febrile illness, but secondary infection with a heterologous serotype can result in severe disease, due in part to antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE). In ADE, cross-reactive but nonneutralizing antibodies, or subprotective levels of neutralizing antibodies, promote uptake of antibody-opsonized virus in Fc-γ receptor-positive cells. Thus, elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), but not nonneutralizing antibodies, is desirable for dengue vaccine development. Domain III of the envelope glycoprotein (EDIII) is targeted by bNAbs and thus is an attractive immunogen. However, immunization with EDIII results in sera with limited neutralization breadth. We developed "resurfaced" EDIII immunogens (rsDIIIs) in which the A/G strand epitope that is targeted by bNAb 4E11 is maintained but less desirable epitopes are masked. RsDIIIs bound 4E11, but not serotype-specific or nonneutralizing antibodies. One rsDIII and, unexpectedly, wild-type (WT) DENV-2 EDIII elicited cross-neutralizing antibody responses against DENV-1 to -3 in mice. While these sera were cross-neutralizing, they were not sufficiently potent to protect AG129 immunocompromised mice at a dose of 200 μl (50% focus reduction neutralization titer [FRNT50], ∼1:60 to 1:130) against mouse-adapted DENV-2. Our results provide insight into immunogen design strategies based on EDIII.IMPORTANCE Dengue virus causes approximately 390 million infections per year. Primary infection by one serotype causes a self-limiting febrile illness, but secondary infection by a heterologous serotype can result in severe dengue syndrome, which is characterized by hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. This severe disease is thought to arise because of cross-reactive, non- or poorly neutralizing antibodies from the primary infection that are present in serum at the time of secondary infection. These cross-reactive antibodies enhance the infection rather than controlling it. Therefore, induction of a broadly and potently neutralizing antibody response is desirable for dengue vaccine development. Here, we explore a novel strategy for developing immunogens based on domain III of the E glycoprotein, where undesirable epitopes (nonneutralizing or nonconserved) are masked by mutation. This work provides fundamental insight into the immune response to domain III that can be leveraged for future immunogen design.
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Rajpoot RK, Shukla R, Arora U, Swaminathan S, Khanna N. Dengue envelope-based 'four-in-one' virus-like particles produced using Pichia pastoris induce enhancement-lacking, domain III-directed tetravalent neutralising antibodies in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8643. [PMID: 29872153 PMCID: PMC5988708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a significant public health problem worldwide, caused by four antigenically distinct mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. Antibodies to any given DENV serotype which can afford protection against that serotype tend to enhance infection by other DENV serotypes, by a phenomenon termed antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Antibodies to the viral pre-membrane (prM) protein have been implicated in ADE. We show that co-expression of the envelope protein of all four DENV serotypes, in the yeast Pichia pastoris, leads to their co-assembly, in the absence of prM, into tetravalent mosaic VLPs (T-mVLPs), which retain the serotype-specific antigenic integrity and immunogenicity of all four types of their monomeric precursors. Following a three-dose immunisation schedule, the T-mVLPs elicited EDIII-directed antibodies in mice which could neutralise all four DENV serotypes. Importantly, anti-T-mVLP antibodies did not augment sub-lethal DENV-2 infection of dengue-sensitive AG129 mice, based on multiple parameters. The 'four-in-one' tetravalent T-mVLPs possess multiple desirable features which may potentially contribute to safety (non-viral, prM-lacking and ADE potential-lacking), immunogenicity (induction of virus-neutralising antibodies), and low cost (single tetravalent immunogen produced using P. pastoris, an expression system known for its high productivity using simple inexpensive media). These results strongly warrant further exploration of this vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant Rajpoot
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Upasana Arora
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sathyamangalam Swaminathan
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Navin Khanna
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Bal J, Luong NN, Park J, Song KD, Jang YS, Kim DH. Comparative immunogenicity of preparations of yeast-derived dengue oral vaccine candidate. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:24. [PMID: 29452594 PMCID: PMC5815244 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is listed as a neglected tropical disease by the Center for Disease Control and Preservation, as there are insufficient integrated surveillance strategies, no effective treatment, and limited licensed vaccines. Consisting of four genetically distinct serotypes, dengue virus (DENV) causes serious life-threatening infections due to its complexity. Antibody-dependent enhancement by pre-existing cross-reactive as well as homotypic antibodies further worsens the clinical symptoms of dengue. Thus, a vaccine conferring simultaneous and durable immunity to each of the four DENV serotypes is essential to restrict its escalation. In deeply affected resource-limited countries, oral vaccination using food-grade organisms is considered to be a beneficial approach in terms of costs, patient comfort, and simple logistics for mass immunization. The current study used a mouse model to explore the immunogenicity of an oral dengue vaccine candidate prepared using whole recombinant yeast cells (WC) and cell-free extracts (CFE) from cells expressing recombinant Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin protein B-subunit (LTB) fused to the consensus dengue envelope domain III (scEDIII). Mice were treated orally with recombinant WC and CFE vaccines in 2-week intervals for 4 weeks and changes in systemic and mucosal immune responses were monitored. RESULTS Both WC and CFE dosage applications of LTB-scEDIII stimulated a systemic humoral immune response in the form of dengue-specific serum IgG as well as mucosal immune response in the form of secretory sIgA. Antigen-specific B cell responses in isolated lymphoid cells from the spleen and Peyer's patches further indicated an elevated mucosal immune response. Cellular immune response estimated through lymphocyte proliferation assay indicated higher levels in CFE than WC dosage. Furthermore, sera obtained after both oral administrations successfully neutralized DENV-1, whereas CFE formulation only neutralized DENV-2 serotype, two representative serotypes which cause severe dengue infection. Sera from mice that were fed CFE preparations demonstrated markedly higher neutralizing titers compared to those from WC-fed mice. However, WC feeding elicited strong immune responses, which were similar to the levels induced by CFE feeding after intraperitoneal booster with purified scEDIII antigen. CONCLUSIONS CFE preparations of LTB-scEDIII produced strong immunogenicity with low processing requirements, signifying that this fusion protein shows promise as a potent oral vaccine candidate against dengue viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotiranjan Bal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Luong
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Jisang Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Shukla R, Rajpoot RK, Arora U, Poddar A, Swaminathan S, Khanna N. Pichia pastoris-Expressed Bivalent Virus-Like Particulate Vaccine Induces Domain III-Focused Bivalent Neutralizing Antibodies without Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Vivo. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2644. [PMID: 29367852 PMCID: PMC5768101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, a significant public health problem in several countries around the world, is caused by four different serotypes of mosquito-borne dengue viruses (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). Antibodies to any one DENV serotype which can protect against homotypic re-infection, do not offer heterotypic cross-protection. In fact, cross-reactive antibodies may augment heterotypic DENV infection through antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). A recently launched live attenuated vaccine (LAV) for dengue, which consists of a mixture of four chimeric yellow-fever/dengue vaccine viruses, may be linked to the induction of disease-enhancing antibodies. This is likely related to viral interference among the replicating viral strains, resulting in an unbalanced immune response, as well as to the fact that the LAV encodes prM, a DENV protein documented to elicit ADE-mediating antibodies. This makes it imperative to explore the feasibility of alternate ADE risk-free vaccine candidates. Our quest for a non-replicating vaccine centered on the DENV envelope (E) protein which mediates virus entry into the host cell and serves as an important target of the immune response. Serotype-specific neutralizing epitopes and the host receptor recognition function map to E domain III (EDIII). Recently, we found that Pichia pastoris-expressed DENV E protein, of all four serotypes, self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) in the absence of prM. Significantly, these VLPs displayed EDIII and elicited EDIII-focused DENV-neutralizing antibodies in mice. We now report the creation and characterization of a novel non-replicating recombinant particulate vaccine candidate, produced by co-expressing the E proteins of DENV-1 and DENV-2 in P. pastoris. The two E proteins co-assembled into bivalent mosaic VLPs (mVLPs) designated as mE1E2bv VLPs. The mVLP, which preserved the serotype-specific antigenic integrity of its two component proteins, elicited predominantly EDIII-focused homotypic virus-neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice, demonstrating its efficacy. In an in vivo ADE model, mE1E2bv VLP-induced antibodies lacked discernible ADE potential, compared to the cross-reactive monoclonal antibody 4G2, as evidenced by significant reduction in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, suggesting inherent safety. The results obtained with these bivalent mVLPs suggest the feasibility of incorporating the E proteins of DENV-3 and DENV-4 to create a tetravalent mVLP vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shukla
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi K Rajpoot
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Upasana Arora
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Poddar
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sathyamangalam Swaminathan
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Navin Khanna
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Ramasamy V, Arora U, Shukla R, Poddar A, Shanmugam RK, White LJ, Mattocks MM, Raut R, Perween A, Tyagi P, de Silva AM, Bhaumik SK, Kaja MK, Villinger F, Ahmed R, Johnston RE, Swaminathan S, Khanna N. A tetravalent virus-like particle vaccine designed to display domain III of dengue envelope proteins induces multi-serotype neutralizing antibodies in mice and macaques which confer protection against antibody dependent enhancement in AG129 mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006191. [PMID: 29309412 PMCID: PMC5774828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is one of the fastest spreading vector-borne diseases, caused by four antigenically distinct dengue viruses (DENVs). Antibodies against DENVs are responsible for both protection as well as pathogenesis. A vaccine that is safe for and efficacious in all people irrespective of their age and domicile is still an unmet need. It is becoming increasingly apparent that vaccine design must eliminate epitopes implicated in the induction of infection-enhancing antibodies. Methodology/principal findings We report a Pichia pastoris-expressed dengue immunogen, DSV4, based on DENV envelope protein domain III (EDIII), which contains well-characterized serotype-specific and cross-reactive epitopes. In natural infection, <10% of the total neutralizing antibody response is EDIII-directed. Yet, this is a functionally relevant domain which interacts with the host cell surface receptor. DSV4 was designed by in-frame fusion of EDIII of all four DENV serotypes and hepatitis B surface (S) antigen and co-expressed with unfused S antigen to form mosaic virus-like particles (VLPs). These VLPs displayed EDIIIs of all four DENV serotypes based on probing with a battery of serotype-specific anti-EDIII monoclonal antibodies. The DSV4 VLPs were highly immunogenic, inducing potent and durable neutralizing antibodies against all four DENV serotypes encompassing multiple genotypes, in mice and macaques. DSV4-induced murine antibodies suppressed viremia in AG129 mice and conferred protection against lethal DENV-4 virus challenge. Further, neither murine nor macaque anti-DSV4 antibodies promoted mortality or inflammatory cytokine production when passively transferred and tested in an in vivo dengue disease enhancement model of AG129 mice. Conclusions/significance Directing the immune response to a non-immunodominant but functionally relevant serotype-specific dengue epitope of the four DENV serotypes, displayed on a VLP platform, can help minimize the risk of inducing disease-enhancing antibodies while eliciting effective tetravalent seroconversion. DSV4 has a significant potential to emerge as a safe, efficacious and inexpensive subunit dengue vaccine candidate. Dengue is mosquito-borne viral disease which is currently a global public health problem. It is caused by four different types of dengue viruses. Nearly a 100 million people a year suffer from overt sickness, which may range from mild fever to potentially fatal disease. A virus-based dengue vaccine was launched for the first time in late 2015. Unexpectedly, this vaccine mimics the dengue viruses in that it appears to elicit disease-enhancing antibodies. To reduce such risk, safer vaccines that eliminate viral proteins responsible for undesirable antibodies are needed. We focused our attention on a small domain of the dengue virus surface protein known as envelope domain III (EDIII). Humans make only a small amount of antibodies against EDIII, but these antibodies are effective in blocking dengue virus from entering cells. We used a yeast expression system to display EDIIIs of all four types of dengue viruses on the surface of non-infectious virus-like particles (VLPs). These VLPs elicited antibodies, in mice and monkeys, which blocked all four dengue virus types and their variants from entering cells in culture. Importantly, these antibodies did not enhance dengue infection in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Ramasamy
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Upasana Arora
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Poddar
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajgokul K. Shanmugam
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura J. White
- Global Vaccines Inc., 801 Capitola Dr., Ste. 11, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Melissa M. Mattocks
- Global Vaccines Inc., 801 Capitola Dr., Ste. 11, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Rajendra Raut
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Ashiya Perween
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Poornima Tyagi
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aravinda M. de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Siddhartha K. Bhaumik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Murali Krishna Kaja
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - François Villinger
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Johnston
- Global Vaccines Inc., 801 Capitola Dr., Ste. 11, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Sathyamangalam Swaminathan
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (SS); , (NK)
| | - Navin Khanna
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, INDIA
- * E-mail: (SS); , (NK)
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The Molecular Specificity of the Human Antibody Response to Dengue Virus Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:63-76. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Mary JA, Jittmittraphap A, Chattanadee S, Leaungwutiwong P, Shenbagarathai R. A synthetic peptide derived from domain III envelope glycoprotein of Dengue virus induces neutralizing antibody. Virus Genes 2017; 54:25-32. [PMID: 28948470 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arthropod-borne human pathogen that represents a severe public health threat in both endemic and non-endemic regions. So far, there is no licensed vaccine or specific drugs available for dengue fever. A fifteen-amino-acid-long peptide that includes the NGR motif was chemically synthesized and conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin. A standard immunization protocol was followed for the production of polyclonal antibodies by immunizing rabbits against the synthetic peptide. The immune response elicited high-titer polyclonal antibodies with the reactivity of the anti-peptide antibody against both synthetic peptide and four serotypes of DENV confirmed by DOT-ELISA. Neutralizing activity of anti-peptide antibody was found to be cross-reactive and effective resulting in 60% reduction of infectivity at 1:200 dilution in all four serotypes of DENV. Our findings have the potential to further improve our understanding of virus-host interactions and provide new insights into neutralizing antibodies and could also be used as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Asnet Mary
- Department of Zoology, Fatima College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625018, India.,PG and Research Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625002, India
| | - Akanitt Jittmittraphap
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattanadee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Tropical Medicine Diagnostic Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchadewee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - R Shenbagarathai
- PG and Research Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625002, India.
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Tsai WY, Lin HE, Wang WK. Complexity of Human Antibody Response to Dengue Virus: Implication for Vaccine Development. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1372. [PMID: 28775720 PMCID: PMC5517401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) are the leading cause of arboviral diseases in humans. Decades of efforts have made remarkable progress in dengue vaccine development. Despite the first dengue vaccine (dengvaxia from Sanofi Pasteur), a live-attenuated tetravalent chimeric yellow fever-dengue vaccine, has been licensed by several countries since 2016, its overall moderate efficacy (56.5–60.8%) in the presence of neutralizing antibodies during the Phase 2b and 3 trials, lower efficacy among dengue naïve compared with dengue experienced individuals, and increased risk of hospitalization among young children during the follow-up highlight the need for a better understanding of humoral responses after natural DENV infection. Recent studies of more than 300 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against DENV have led to the discovery of several novel epitopes on the envelope protein recognized by potent neutralizing mAbs. This information together with in-depth studies on polyclonal sera and B-cells following natural DENV infection has tremendous implications for better immunogen design for a safe and effective dengue vaccine. This review outlines the progress in our understanding of mouse mAbs, human mAbs, and polyclonal sera against DENV envelope and precursor membrane proteins, two surface proteins involved in vaccine development, following natural infection; analyses of these discoveries have provided valuable insight into new strategies involving molecular technology to induce more potent neutralizing antibodies and less enhancing antibodies for next-generation dengue vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Tsai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu, HI, United States
| | - Hong-En Lin
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu, HI, United States
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu, HI, United States
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Fink AL, Williams KL, Harris E, Alvine TD, Henderson T, Schiltz J, Nilles ML, Bradley DS. Dengue virus specific IgY provides protection following lethal dengue virus challenge and is neutralizing in the absence of inducing antibody dependent enhancement. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005721. [PMID: 28686617 PMCID: PMC5517069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are severe disease manifestations that can occur following sequential infection with different dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-4). At present, there are no licensed therapies to treat DENV-induced disease. DHF and DSS are thought to be mediated by serotype cross-reactive antibodies that facilitate antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) by binding to viral antigens and then Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on target myeloid cells. Using genetically engineered DENV-specific antibodies, it has been shown that the interaction between the Fc portion of serotype cross-reactive antibodies and FcγR is required to induce ADE. Additionally, it was demonstrated that these antibodies were as neutralizing as their non-modified variants, were incapable of inducing ADE, and were therapeutic following a lethal, antibody-enhanced infection. Therefore, we hypothesized that avian IgY, which do not interact with mammalian FcγR, would provide a novel therapy for DENV-induced disease. We demonstrate here that goose-derived anti-DENV2 IgY neutralized DENV2 and did not induce ADE in vitro. Anti-DENV2 IgY was also protective in vivo when administered 24 hours following a lethal DENV2 infection. We were also able to demonstrate via epitope mapping that both full-length and alternatively spliced anti-DENV2 IgY recognized different epitopes, including epitopes that have not been previously identified. These observations provide evidence for the potential therapeutic applications of goose-derived anti-DENV2 IgY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Fink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Katherine L. Williams
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Travis D. Alvine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Thomas Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - James Schiltz
- Avianax, LLC, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Nilles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - David S. Bradley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
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Sarathy VV, Pitcher TJ, Gromowski GD, Roehrig JT, Barrett ADT. A DENV-2-type-specific monoclonal antibody binds to the DENV-complex-reactive antigenic site on envelope protein domain 3. J Gen Virol 2017. [PMID: 28631593 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dengue virus (DENV) envelope (E) protein is the major component of the viral surface and is structurally subdivided into three domains, ED1, ED2 and ED3. ED3 elicits potent neutralizing antibodies and contains two major antigenic sites: the DENV-type-specific and DENV-complex-reactive antigenic sites. Each site is composed of a limited subset of residues that are required for monoclonal antibody (mAb) binding. Here we show that DENV-2-type-specific mAb 9A3D-8 utilizes the functionally critical residues K307, V308, K310, I312, P332, L387, L389 and N390 for ED3 binding. Surprisingly, this DENV-type-specific epitope is predicted to overlap with the ED3 DENV-complex-reactive antigenic site on the viral surface. Further, this unique binding site enables mAb 9A3D-8 to neutralize virus infectivity at relatively low occupancy of virions compared to other ED3 mAbs identified to date. Together, the data in this study indicate that this is a new DENV-2-type-specific antigenic site on ED3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa V Sarathy
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX 77555, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Trevor J Pitcher
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Present address: The Binding Site, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Present address: Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - John T Roehrig
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Alan D T Barrett
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX 77555, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Combe M, Lacoux X, Martinez J, Méjan O, Luciani F, Daniel S. Expression, refolding and bio-structural analysis of a tetravalent recombinant dengue envelope domain III protein for serological diagnosis. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 133:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Temperature-dependent folding allows stable dimerization of secretory and virus-associated E proteins of Dengue and Zika viruses in mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:966. [PMID: 28424472 PMCID: PMC5430527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue and Zika are two of the most important human viral pathogens worldwide. In both cases, the envelope glycoprotein E is the main target of the antibody response. Recently, new complex quaternary epitopes were identified which are the consequence of the arrangement of the antiparallel E dimers on the viral surface. Such epitopes can be exploited to develop more efficient cross-neutralizing vaccines. Here we describe a successful covalent stabilization of E dimers from Dengue and Zika viruses in mammalian cells. Folding and dimerization of secretory E was found to be strongly dependent on temperature but independent of PrM co-expression. In addition, we found that, due to the close relationship between flaviviruses, Dengue and Zika viruses E proteins can form heterodimers and assemble into mosaic viral particles. Finally, we present new virus-free analytical platforms to study and screen antibody responses against Dengue and Zika, which allow for differentiation of epitopes restricted to specific domains, dimers and higher order arrangements of E.
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Chaudhury S, Gromowski GD, Ripoll DR, Khavrutskii IV, Desai V, Wallqvist A. Dengue virus antibody database: Systematically linking serotype-specificity with epitope mapping in dengue virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005395. [PMID: 28222130 PMCID: PMC5336305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A majority infections caused by dengue virus (DENV) are asymptomatic, but a higher incidence of severe illness, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever, is associated with secondary infections, suggesting that pre-existing immunity plays a central role in dengue pathogenesis. Primary infections are typically associated with a largely serotype-specific antibody response, while secondary infections show a shift to a broadly cross-reactive antibody response. Methods/Principal findings We hypothesized that the basis for the shift in serotype-specificity between primary and secondary infections can be found in a change in the antibody fine-specificity. To investigate the link between epitope- and serotype-specificity, we assembled the Dengue Virus Antibody Database, an online repository containing over 400 DENV-specific mAbs, each annotated with information on 1) its origin, including the immunogen, host immune history, and selection methods, 2) binding/neutralization data against all four DENV serotypes, and 3) epitope mapping at the domain or residue level to the DENV E protein. We combined epitope mapping and activity information to determine a residue-level index of epitope propensity and cross-reactivity and generated detailed composite epitope maps of primary and secondary antibody responses. We found differing patterns of epitope-specificity between primary and secondary infections, where secondary responses target a distinct subset of epitopes found in the primary response. We found that secondary infections were marked with an enhanced response to cross-reactive epitopes, such as the fusion-loop and E-dimer region, as well as increased cross-reactivity in what are typically more serotype-specific epitope regions, such as the domain I-II interface and domain III. Conclusions/Significance Our results support the theory that pre-existing cross-reactive memory B cells form the basis for the secondary antibody response, resulting in a broadening of the response in terms of cross-reactivity, and a focusing of the response to a subset of epitopes, including some, such as the fusion-loop region, that are implicated in poor neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. Dengue virus (DENV) infections are typically asymptomatic, but severe and potentially lethal disease symptoms, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever, are associated with secondary infections. This suggests that pre-existing immunity from primary infection plays a central role in DENV pathogenesis. In order to characterize the antibody response in primary and secondary infections, we assembled the Dengue Virus Antibody Database, a freely accessible online repository (http://denvabdb.bhsai.org) storing over 400 unique monoclonal dengue-specific antibodies annotated by their 1) origin and host immune history, 2) activity information against all four dengue serotypes, and 3) epitope mapping information. Here we demonstrate the utility of the database by carrying out a large-scale analysis to characterize shifts in epitope fine-specificity and serotype cross-reactivity in primary and secondary infections. In particular, we show how the antibody response in secondary infections displays a systematic shift towards increased serotype cross-reactivity by focusing on a subset of cross-reactive epitopes on the dengue E protein. Our findings suggest a mechanistic basis for this shift in epitope and serotype specificity and demonstrate how a detailed understanding of the antibody response can provide insight into the mechanisms of dengue pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Chaudhury
- Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gregory D. Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Ripoll
- Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ilja V. Khavrutskii
- Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Valmik Desai
- Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
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48
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Gan ES, Ting DHR, Chan KR. The mechanistic role of antibodies to dengue virus in protection and disease pathogenesis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 15:111-119. [PMID: 27796143 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1254550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue is a prevalent disease in tropical and subtropical countries with an estimated 400 million people infected annually. While significant advancement has been made in the chase for an effective dengue vaccine, the recently licensed Sanofi vaccine was, in contrast to in vitro data, only partially protective. Areas covered: This suggests that our understanding of the serological correlates for dengue is currently inadequate. With growing evidence supporting the role of fragment crystalizable gamma receptors (FcγRs) in antibody-mediated neutralization or antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus (DENV) infection, FcγR-expressing cells have been increasingly used for measuring neutralizing antibody responses elicited by dengue vaccines. Here, we review the mechanisms of how FcγRs modulates both DENV neutralization and enhanced infections via its interactions with antibodies. Expert commentary: This review provides insights on the importance of factoring FcγRs for in vitro neutralization assays. Bridging the gap between in vitro and clinical observations would allow researchers to more accurately predict in vivo vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Shuyi Gan
- a Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases , Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Donald Heng Rong Ting
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- a Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases , Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
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Khetarpal N, Shukla R, Rajpoot RK, Poddar A, Pal M, Swaminathan S, Arora U, Khanna N. Recombinant Dengue Virus 4 Envelope Glycoprotein Virus-Like Particles Derived from Pichia pastoris are Capable of Eliciting Homotypic Domain III-Directed Neutralizing Antibodies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 96:126-134. [PMID: 27821688 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a viral pandemic caused by four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1, 2, 3, and 4) transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Reportedly, there has been a 2-fold increase in dengue cases every decade. An efficacious tetravalent vaccine, which can provide long-term immunity against all four serotypes in all target populations, is still unavailable. Despite the progress being made in the live virus-based dengue vaccines, the World Health Organization strongly recommends the development of alternative approaches for safe, affordable, and efficacious dengue vaccine candidates. We have explored virus-like particles (VLPs)-based nonreplicating subunit vaccine approach and have developed recombinant envelope ectodomains of DENV-1, 2, and 3 expressed in Pichia pastoris These self-assembled into VLPs without pre-membrane (prM) protein, which limits the generation of enhancing antibodies, and elicited type-specific neutralizing antibodies against the respective serotype. Encouraged by these results, we have extended this work further by developing P. pastoris-expressed DENV-4 ectodomain (DENV-4 E) in this study, which was found to be glycosylated and assembled into spherical VLPs without prM, and displayed critical neutralizing epitopes on its surface. These VLPs were found to be immunogenic in mice and elicited DENV-4-specific neutralizing antibodies, which were predominantly directed against envelope domain III, implicated in host-receptor recognition and virus entry. These observations underscore the potential of VLP-based nonreplicative vaccine approach as a means to develop a safe, efficacious, and tetravalent dengue subunit vaccine. This work paves the way for the evaluation of a DENV E-based tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate, as an alternative to live virus-based dengue vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Khetarpal
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Kant Rajpoot
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Poddar
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Meena Pal
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Upasana Arora
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Navin Khanna
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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50
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Deconstructing the Antiviral Neutralizing-Antibody Response: Implications for Vaccine Development and Immunity. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:989-1010. [PMID: 27784796 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00024-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibody response plays a key role in protection against viral infections. While antiviral antibodies may reduce the viral burden via several mechanisms, the ability to directly inhibit (neutralize) infection of cells has been extensively studied. Eliciting a neutralizing-antibody response is a goal of many vaccine development programs and commonly correlates with protection from disease. Considerable insights into the mechanisms of neutralization have been gained from studies of monoclonal antibodies, yet the individual contributions and dynamics of the repertoire of circulating antibody specificities elicited by infection and vaccination are poorly understood on the functional and molecular levels. Neutralizing antibodies with the most protective functionalities may be a rare component of a polyclonal, pathogen-specific antibody response, further complicating efforts to identify the elements of a protective immune response. This review discusses advances in deconstructing polyclonal antibody responses to flavivirus infection or vaccination. Our discussions draw comparisons to HIV-1, a virus with a distinct structure and replication cycle for which the antibody response has been extensively investigated. Progress toward deconstructing and understanding the components of polyclonal antibody responses identifies new targets and challenges for vaccination strategies.
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