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Chacón JL, Chacón RD, Sánchez-Llatas CJ, Morín JG, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Antigenic and molecular characterization of isolates of the Brazilian genotype BR-I (GI-11) of infectious bronchitis virus supports its recognition as BR-I serotype. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:323-338. [PMID: 37477586 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2228725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The antigenic and molecular characteristics of BR-I infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) isolated from Brazil are reported. IBVs isolated from commercial flocks with different clinical manifestations between 2003 and 2019 were submitted to antigenic and molecular characterization. The complete S1 glycoprotein gene of 11 field isolates was amplified and sequenced. The virus neutralization (VN) test showed 94.75% neutralization with a BR-I isolate and 30% or less against other worldwide reference strains. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses revealed 84.3-100% and 83.5-100% identity among them, respectively. The identity values ranged from 57.1 to 82.6% for nucleotides and from 46.6-84.4% for amino acids compared with those of other genotypes. By phylogenetic tree analysis, the Brazilian isolates were branched into the BR-I genotype (lineage GI-11), which was differentiated from foreign reference strains. Selective pressure analyses of BR-I IBVs revealed evolution under purifying selection (negative pressure) for the complete S1 gene but four specific sites (87, 121, 279, and 542) under diversifying selection (positive pressure). Profiles of cleavage sites and potential N-glycosylation sites differed from those of other genotypes. The low molecular relationship among the Brazilian viruses and foreign serotypes was concordant with the VN test results. The low antigenic relatedness (ranging from 5.3-30% between Brazilian genotype BR-I and reference IBV serotypes of North America, Europe, and Asia) indicates that the BR-I genotype is a different serotype, referred to for the first time and hereafter as serotype BR-I. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSStrains of the BR-I genotype presented robust antigenic and molecular similarity.BR-I strains evolved under purifying selection mode (negative pressure).The BR-I genotype originated in Brazil and dispersed to other countries.BR-I genotype viruses can be referred to as the BR-I serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Chacón
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy D Chacón
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian J Sánchez-Llatas
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime G Morín
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhao J, Zhao Y, Zhang G. Key Aspects of Coronavirus Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050698. [PMID: 37242368 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an enveloped and positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. IBV was the first coronavirus to be discovered and predominantly causes respiratory disease in commercial poultry worldwide. This review summarizes several important aspects of IBV, including epidemiology, genetic diversity, antigenic diversity, and multiple system disease caused by IBV as well as vaccination and antiviral strategies. Understanding these areas will provide insight into the mechanism of pathogenicity and immunoprotection of IBV and may improve prevention and control strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Genotyping and In Silico Analysis of Delmarva (DMV/1639) Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Spike 1 (S1) Glycoprotein. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091617. [PMID: 36140785 PMCID: PMC9498812 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity and evolution of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) are mainly impacted by mutations in the spike 1 (S1) gene. This study focused on whole genome sequencing of an IBV isolate (IBV/Ck/Can/2558004), which represents strains highly prevalent in Canadian commercial poultry, especially concerning features related to its S1 gene and protein sequences. Based on the phylogeny of the S1 gene, IBV/Ck/Can/2558004 belongs to the GI-17 lineage. According to S1 gene and protein pairwise alignment, IBV/Ck/Can/2558004 had 99.44–99.63% and 98.88–99.25% nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) identities, respectively, with five Canadian Delmarva (DMV/1639) IBVs isolated in 2019, and it also shared 96.63–97.69% and 94.78–97.20% nt and aa similarities with US DMV/1639 IBVs isolated in 2011 and 2019, respectively. Further homology analysis of aa sequences showed the existence of some aa substitutions in the hypervariable regions (HVRs) of the S1 protein of IBV/Ck/Can/2558004 compared to US DMV/1639 isolates; most of these variant aa residues have been subjected to positive selection pressure. Predictive analysis of potential N-glycosylation and phosphorylation motifs showed either loss or acquisition in the S1 glycoprotein of IBV/Ck/Can/2558004 compared to S1 of US DMV/1639 IBV. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis showed some of the aa changes within the S1 protein of IBV/Ck/Can/2558004 have been predicted to impact the function and structure of the S1 protein, potentially leading to a lower binding affinity of the S1 protein to its relevant ligand (sialic acid). In conclusion, these findings revealed that the DMV/1639 IBV isolates are under continuous evolution among Canadian poultry.
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Phillygenin activates PKR/eIF2α pathway and induces stress granule to exert anti-avian infectious bronchitis virus. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108764. [PMID: 35421804 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is still one of causes inducing severe losses of production in the poultry industry worldwide. Vaccination does not completely prevent IBV infection and spread due to immune failure and viral mutations. ForsythiaeFructus and its compounds have been widely used in a lot of prescriptions of the traditional Chinese medicine for a long history, and it is well-known as safety and efficiency in heat-clearing and detoxifying. This study aims to investigate the anti-IBV activity and mechanism of phillygenin. The results showed that phillygenin inhibited IBV replication by disturbing multiple stages of the virus life cycle, including viral adsorption, invasion, internalization, and release in Vero cells. After being treated with 100, 125 and 150 μg/mL phillygenin, the expression of G3BP1 was significantly increased and the phosphorylation of PKR/eIF2α was activated, which increased stress granule, thereby triggering the antiviral response in Vero cells. The anti-virus activity of PHI was decreased when G3BP1 was interfered by si-RNA, and G3BP1 was down-regulated when PKR/eIF2α was interfered by si-RNA. In conclusion, our findings indicate that phillygenin activates PKR/eIF2α pathway and induces stress granule formation to exert anti-IBV, which holds promise to develop into a novel anti-IBV drug. Further study in vivo is needed to explore phillygenin as a potential and effective drug to prevent IB in poultry.
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Cortés V, Sevilla-Navarro S, García C, Marín C, Catalá-Gregori P. Seroprevalence and Prevalence of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in broilers, laying hens and broiler breeders in Spain. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101760. [PMID: 35378349 PMCID: PMC8980484 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) is one of the most important viral diseases which causes important economic losses in poultry industry. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence, prevalence, and variants of IBV in broilers, layers, and broiler breeders´ farms of Gallus gallus species in Eastern Spain. Thus, 29, 16, and 14 flocks of broilers, layers and broiler breeders, respectively were analyzed. To assess seroprevalence, sera samples were analyzed by ELISA. Tracheal swabs and tissue samples were tested by PCR to know the prevalence and detect specific variants. An IBV seroprevalence of 100% was detected in the 3 productive orientations. According to PCR results, a prevalence of 38% in broilers, 44% in layers and 43% in broiler breeders was obtained. The variant-specific RT-PCR analysis showed that 4/91, Massachusetts, QX, Italy-02 and D274 strains were present in commercial flocks in eastern Spain, being 4/91 the most prevalent in all the productive orientations. In layers 100% of QX prevalence, 14% of Italy 02 and 14% of D274 was detected. Regarding broilers, a prevalence of 18% of Massachusetts strain was also detected. In contrast, in broiler breeders´ farms only 4/91 strain was found. In conclusion, our findings showed the presence of IBV in eastern Spain and the changing situation of the IBV variants´ prevalence, being different according to the productive orientation. The continuous emergence of new variants emphasizes the importance of continuous IBV monitoring in order to optimize vaccination strategies.
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de Wit JJ, de Wit MK, Cook JKA. Infectious Bronchitis Virus Types Affecting European Countries—A Review. Avian Dis 2021; 65:643-648. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. de Wit
- Royal GD, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - M. K. de Wit
- Demetris, Impact 14, 6921 RZ, Duiven, the Netherlands
| | - J. K. A Cook
- 138 Hartford Road, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire PE29 1XQ, United Kingdom
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Sun X, Wang Z, Shao C, Yu J, Liu H, Chen H, Li L, Wang X, Ren Y, Huang X, Zhang R, Li G. Analysis of chicken macrophage functions and gene expressions following infectious bronchitis virus M41 infection. Vet Res 2021; 52:14. [PMID: 33509253 PMCID: PMC7841764 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a pathogenic coronavirus with high morbidity and mortality in chicken breeding. Macrophages with normal biofunctions are essential for host immune responses. In this study, the HD11 chicken macrophage cell line and chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages (PBMCs-Mφ) were infected with IBV at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10. The dynamic changes of their biofunctions, including cell viability, pathogen elimination function, phagocytic ability, and gene expressions of related proteins/mediators in innate and acquired immunity, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis were analyzed. Results showed that IBV infection decreased chicken macrophage viability and phagocytic ability, and increased pathogen elimination function. Moreover, IBV augmented the gene expressions of most related proteins in macrophages involved in multiple host bioprocesses, and the dynamic changes of gene expressions had a close relationship with virus replication. Among them, MHCII, Fc receptor, TLR3, IFN-α, CCL4, MIF, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS showed significantly higher expressions in IBV-infected cells. However, TLR7, MyD88, MDA5, IFN-γ, MHCII, Fc receptor, MARCO, CD36, MIF, XCL1, CXCL12, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-10 showed early decreased expressions. Overall, chicken macrophages play an important role in host innate and acquired immune responses to resist IBV infection, despite early damage or suppression. Moreover, the IBV-induced autophagy and apoptosis might participate in the virus-host cell interaction which is attributed to the biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Changhao Shao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haoyun Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Huijie Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lu Li
- Large Scale Instrument and Equipment Sharing Service Platform, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yudong Ren
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Electrical and Information Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Houta MH, Hassan KE, El-Sawah AA, Elkady MF, Kilany WH, Ali A, Abdel-Moneim AS. The emergence, evolution and spread of infectious bronchitis virus genotype GI-23. Arch Virol 2021; 166:9-26. [PMID: 33416996 PMCID: PMC7791962 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis is a contagious viral disease, caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), that leads to severe losses in the poultry industry all over the world. Since the 1950s, IBV has circulated in the Middle East and North Africa, and no tangible evidence has shown any effects of measures taken to control its spread or evolution. Furthermore, new IBV variants are continually discovered. Although several genetic studies on IBV have been conducted, many IBV strains from this region have either been misclassified or remain unclassified. The genotype 23 (GI-23) variant emerged and has prevailed in the Middle East by continuously evolving through inter- and/or intra-genotypic recombination. The GI-23 genotype is currently enzootic throughout Europe and Asia. Although many studies of protection against the circulating strains have been conducted, they have not been standardized according to regulatory requirements. In this review, we provide an overview of the evolution and genetic diversity of IBV genotypes and a genetic classification of IBV strains, with a focus on the GI-23 genotype. The high prevalence of IBV GI-23 strains necessitates the adoption of vaccination schemes using GI-23-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Houta
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Kareem E Hassan
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Azza A El-Sawah
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Magdy F Elkady
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Walid H Kilany
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, P.O. Box 264, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt. .,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
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Tegegne D, Deneke Y, Sori T, Abdurahaman M, Kebede N, Cecchinato M, Franzo G. Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Avian Metapneumovirus in Backyard and Commercial Chickens in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040187. [PMID: 33255570 PMCID: PMC7711717 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry production plays a relevant role in the Ethiopian economy and represents a source of poverty alleviation for several social classes. Infectious diseases can therefore significantly impact the economy and welfare. Despite infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) being present, the knowledge of their epidemiology and impact is extremely limited. In the present work, a cross-sectional study based on 500 tracheal swabs collected from 50 intensive and backyard unvaccinated flocks of the Jimma Zone was performed to investigate the circulation of these viruses and molecularly characterize them. IBV and aMPV presence was tested by molecular assays, and genotyping was carried out on positive samples. Accordingly, 6% (95% CI 2.06% to 16.22%) and 8% (95% CI 3.15% to 18.84%) of flocks tested IBV and aMPV positive, respectively. Particularly, IBV 793B (GI-13) strains were detected in backyard flocks only, and identical or closely related sequences (p-distance <2%) were detected in distantly spaced flocks, suggesting relevant viral circulation. On the contrary, both backyard and intensive flocks were affected by aMPV subtype B. Potential epidemiological links associated to the importation of parental birds from foreign countries could be established. These results highlight non-negligible circulation of these viruses, warranting further epidemiological studies and the evaluation of control measure implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechassa Tegegne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307 Jimma, Ethiopia; (D.T.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Yosef Deneke
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307 Jimma, Ethiopia; (D.T.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Takele Sori
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307 Jimma, Ethiopia; (D.T.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mukarim Abdurahaman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307 Jimma, Ethiopia; (D.T.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Nigatu Kebede
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Al-Mubarak AIA, Al-Kubati AAG. Cocirculation of Four Infectious Bronchitis Virus Lineages in Broiler Chickens in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2014. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:6037893. [PMID: 32292579 PMCID: PMC7150681 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6037893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an evolving and dynamic virus that causes major economic losses for the poultry industry worldwide. Continuous evolution and emergence of new variants of this virus are the major challenges for controlling the disease with routine vaccination. Successful vaccination usually requires the use of a homologous vaccine, which in turn necessitates continuous investigation of the circulating strains. Herein, we performed a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction- (RT-PCR-) based investigation in broiler chicken flocks of the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. IBV was detected in 36.5% of the tested flocks (42 out of 115) from January 2012 to March 2014. Direct sequencing of hypervariable region-3 (HVR-3) of the Spike (S)-1 gene was performed, followed by phylogenetic analysis to determine the circulating IBV genotypes. Four lineages appear to coexist in this region, including the GI-13 or 4/91 IBV (31%), GI-16 or CK/CH/LDL/97I IBV (28.6%), GI-1 or Mass IBV (19%), and GI-23 or Middle East IBV (21.4%). The latter lineage include two subgroups: IS/720/99 IBV (16.7%) and IS/Variant2/98 IBV (4.7%). Some of the detections made in the 4/91 and Mass lineages are expected to belong to the vaccine strains. Lineages without a homologous vaccine in use (CK/CH/LDL/97I and Middle East) represent 50% of the isolates recovered in this study. Based on identity with the vaccine sequences, field observations, and frequent detection, these two lineages appear to be out of coverage of the IBV vaccines used in Saudi Arabia. This is the first time to identify Middle East lineage (IS/720/99 IBV and IS/Variant2/98 IBV) in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Domanska-Blicharz K, Lisowska A, Sajewicz-Krukowska J. Molecular epidemiology of infectious bronchitis virus in Poland from 1980 to 2017. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 80:104177. [PMID: 31917362 PMCID: PMC7173311 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was identified for the first time in the poultry population in Poland at the end of the 1960s. From this time a few waves of epidemics caused by different IBV variants spread across the country. In order to gain more insight into the molecular epidemiology of IBV in Poland, in the present study the S1 coding region of 34 IBV isolates and nearly whole genome of 10 strains collected over a period of 38 years was characterized. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains belonged to five recently established IBV lineages: GI-1, GI-12, GI-13, GI-19 and GI-23. Additionally, two strains from 1989 and 1997 formed a separate branch of the phylogenetic tree categorized as unique early Polish variants, and one strain was revealed to be the recombinant of these and GI-1 lineage viruses. Irrespective of year of isolation and S1-dependent genotype, the genome sequences of Polish IBV strains showed the presence of six genes and 13 ORFs: 5'UTR-1a-1b-S-3a-3b-E-M-4b-4c-5a-5b-N-6b-3'UTR, however their individual genes and putative proteins had different lengths. The phylogenetic analyses performed on the genome of ten Polish IBV strains revealed that they cluster into different groups. The Polish GI-1, GI-19 and GI-23 strains cluster with other similar viruses of these lineages, with the exception of the two strains from 1989 and 1997 which are different. It seems that in Poland in the 1980s and 1990s IBV strains with a unique genome backbone circulated in the field, which were then replaced by other strains belonging to other IBV lineages with a genome backbone specific to these lineages. The recombination analysis showed that some Polish strains resulted from a recombination event involving different IBV lineages, most frequently GI-13 and GI-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Domanska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Anna Lisowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Joanna Sajewicz-Krukowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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12
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13
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Coronado L, Rios L, Frías MT, Amarán L, Naranjo P, Percedo MI, Perera CL, Prieto F, Fonseca-Rodriguez O, Perez LJ. Positive selection pressure on E2 protein of classical swine fever virus drives variations in virulence, pathogenesis and antigenicity: Implication for epidemiological surveillance in endemic areas. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2362-2382. [PMID: 31306567 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is considered one of the most important infectious diseases with devasting consequences for the pig industry. Recent reports describe the emergence of new CSFV strains resulting from the action of positive selection pressure, due mainly to the bottleneck effect generated by ineffective vaccination. Even though a decrease in the genetic diversity of the positively selected CSFV strains has been observed by several research groups, there is little information about the effect of this selective force on the virulence degree, antigenicity and pathogenicity of this type of strains. Hence, the aim of the current study was to determine the effect of the positive selection pressure on these three parameters of CSFV strains, emerged as result of the bottleneck effects induced by improper vaccination in a CSF-endemic area. Moreover, the effect of the positively selected strains on the epidemiological surveillance system was assessed. By the combination of in vitro, in vivo and immunoinformatic approaches, we revealed that the action of the positive selection pressure induces a decrease in virulence and alteration in pathogenicity and antigenicity. However, we also noted that the evolutionary process of CSFV, especially in segregated microenvironments, could contribute to the gain-fitness event, restoring the highly virulent pattern of the circulating strains. Besides, we denoted that the presence of low virulent strains selected by bottleneck effect after inefficient vaccination can lead to a relevant challenge for the epidemiological surveillance of CSF, contributing to under-reports of the disease, favouring the perpetuation of the virus in the field. In this study, B-cell and CTL epitopes on the E2 3D-structure model were also identified. Thus, the current study provides novel and significant insights into variation in virulence, pathogenesis and antigenicity experienced by CSFV strains after the positive selection pressure effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liani Coronado
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribbean Region, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Liliam Rios
- Reiman Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - María Teresa Frías
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribbean Region, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Laymara Amarán
- National Laboratory for Veterinary Diagnostic (NLVD), La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - María Irian Percedo
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribbean Region, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Carmen Laura Perera
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribbean Region, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Felix Prieto
- National Laboratory for Veterinary Diagnostic (NLVD), La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - Lester J Perez
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,College of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL), University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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14
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Belkasmi SFZ, Fellahi S, Umar S, Delpont M, Delverdier M, Lucas MN, Bleuart C, Kichou F, Nassik S, Guerin JL, Fihri OF, Ducatez MF, El Houadfi M. Efficacy of Massachusetts and 793B Vaccines Against Infectious Bronchitis Moroccan-Italy 02 Virus in Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens and Commercial Broilers. Avian Dis 2019; 61:466-471. [PMID: 29337615 DOI: 10.1637/11686-060817-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The ability of commercial vaccines H120 and 4/91 to protect against Moroccan-Italy 02 infectious bronchitis virus (Mor-It02) was investigated in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and commercial broiler chickens. Commercial broiler chicks (Experiment 1) were vaccinated at the hatchery with H120 vaccine at Day 1, and challenged at Day 21 with 104 50% egg-infective dose (EID50) of Mor-It02. All chicks were observed daily for clinical signs attributable to Mor-It02 infection during the 10 days postchallenge (pc). At 5 and 10 days pc, chicks were humanely sacrificed for necropsy examination, and tissues were collected for histopathology evaluation. To better understand the findings on commercial broilers, day-old SPF chicks were divided into five groups in a second experiment: Group Mass/4-91, vaccinated with H120 and 4/91 respectively at Days 1 and 15 of age; Group Mass/Mass, vaccinated by H120 at Days 1 and 15; Group Mass, vaccinated with H120 at Day 1; Group NV, kept unvaccinated; and Group NC, kept as a negative control (unchallenged). At Day 24 of age, Groups Mass/4-91, Mass/Mass, Mass, and NV were challenged with 104 EID50 of Mor-It02. In both experiments, blood samples were collected at different periods for serologic analyses. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected for virus detection by reverse-transcription PCR. In Experiments 1 and 2, respiratory signs started as early as 24 hr pc and maximum severity was observed on Days 3 and 4 pc. The viral shedding rate was significantly lower in Group Mass/4-91 compared to other challenged groups. Serologic analysis in both experiments showed that the sera of challenged group exhibited significantly higher antibody titers than sera collected before challenge. Histopathologic investigations in SPF birds showed deciliation and hyperplasia in Group NV and less-pronounced lesions in Groups Mass/Mass and Mass. In commercial broilers vaccinated with H120 alone, hyperplasia and deciliation were observed in 90% of the tracheas. These experiments illustrated that Mor-It02 is pathogenic for chickens and a combination of live H120 and 4/91 vaccines given respectively at Day 1 and Day 15 of age confer a good protection against Mor-It02.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhia F Z Belkasmi
- A Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat- Instituts, Rabat, Morocco 10000
| | - Siham Fellahi
- A Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat- Instituts, Rabat, Morocco 10000
| | - Sajid Umar
- B Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université de Toulouse, Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Mattias Delpont
- B Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université de Toulouse, Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Maxence Delverdier
- B Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université de Toulouse, Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Lucas
- B Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université de Toulouse, Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Bleuart
- B Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université de Toulouse, Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Faouzi Kichou
- A Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat- Instituts, Rabat, Morocco 10000
| | - Saâdia Nassik
- A Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat- Instituts, Rabat, Morocco 10000
| | - Jean-Luc Guerin
- B Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université de Toulouse, Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
- A Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat- Instituts, Rabat, Morocco 10000
| | - Mariette F Ducatez
- B Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université de Toulouse, Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Mohammed El Houadfi
- A Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat- Instituts, Rabat, Morocco 10000
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15
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Khanh NP, Tan SW, Yeap SK, Satharasinghe DA, Hair-Bejo M, Bich TN, Omar AR. Molecular Characterization of QX-Like and Variant Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strains in Malaysia Based on Partial Genomic Sequences Comprising the S-3a/3b-E-M-Intergenic Region-5a/5b-N Gene Order. Avian Dis 2019; 61:442-452. [PMID: 29337625 DOI: 10.1637/11637-032817-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the major poultry pathogens of global importance. However, the prevalence of IBV strains in Malaysia is poorly characterized. The partial genomic sequences (6.8 kb) comprising the S-3a/3b-E-M-intergenic region-5a/5b-N gene order of 11 Malaysian IBVs isolated in 2014 and 2015 were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. Phylogenetic and pairwise sequence comparison analysis showed that the isolated IBVs are divided into two groups. Group 1 (IBS124/2015, IBS125/2015, IBS126/2015, IBS130/2015, IBS131/2015, IBS138/2015, and IBS142/2015) shared 90%-95% nucleotide and deduced amino acid similarities to the QX-like strain. Among these isolates, IBS142/2015 is the first IBV detected in Sarawak state located in East Malaysia (Borneo Island). Meanwhile, IBV isolates in Group 2 (IBS037A/2015, IBS037B/2015, IBS051/2015, and IBS180/2015) were 91.62% and 89.09% identical to Malaysian variant strain MH5365/95 (EU086600) at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. In addition, all studied IBVs were distinctly separate from Massachusetts (70%-72% amino acid similarity) and European strains including 793/B, Italy-02, and D274 (68%-73% amino acid similarity). Viruses in Group 1 have the insertion of three amino acids at positions 23, 121, and 122 of the S1 protein and recombinant events detected at nucleotide position 4354-5864, with major parental sequence derived from QX-like (CK-CH-IBYZ-2011) and a minor parental sequence derived from Massachusetts vaccine strain (H120). This study demonstrated coexistence of the IBV Malaysian variant strain along with the QX-like strain in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Khanh
- A Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,B Faculty of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, 3/2, Xuan Khanh, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - S W Tan
- A Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S K Yeap
- A Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D A Satharasinghe
- A Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Hair-Bejo
- C Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T N Bich
- B Faculty of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, 3/2, Xuan Khanh, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - A R Omar
- A Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,C Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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Alsultan MA, Alhammadi MA, Hemida MG. Infectious bronchitis virus from chickens in Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia 2015-2016. Vet World 2019; 12:424-433. [PMID: 31089313 PMCID: PMC6487242 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.424-433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to isolate some of the currently circulating infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains from some broiler chicken farms in Al-Hasa and to do some molecular characteristics of these strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected 300 tissue specimens, including the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and kidneys from some four commercial chicken farms showing respiratory manifestations. We tested these tissue specimens by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and gel-based PCR. We selected some PCR positive samples for isolation in the embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). We sequenced some PCR-positive samples and conducted phylogenetic analysis based on the obtained sequences. RESULTS Our molecular surveillance revealed that 31.6% of the tested specimens were IBV positive by PCR. We selected some positive specimens showing low Ct values by the qRT-PCR for virus isolation by the ECE. The infected eggs showed hemorrhage, dwarfing, and death in some cases after three passages in the ECE. We sequenced some of the positive PCR specimens and used the obtained sequences to draw the phylogenetic tree based on the partial IBV-ORF-1a, N, and S1 gene sequences. The phylogenetic trees based on the IBV-N and S1 gene sequences showed that the circulating IBV strains in Al-Hasa during 2016 was showing a high degree of identity to some strains from Taiwan and Italy. Meanwhile, the grouping of these strains based on the IBV-S1 sequences revealed that the currently circulating IBV strains in Al-Hasa belonged to Gr.I.7 along with strains from Taiwan. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed the continuous circulation of the IBV among the chicken population in Al-Hasa despite the intensive application of vaccines against this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Ali Alhammadi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
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17
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Sadri N, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Fallah Mehrabadi MH, Hosseini H, Shayeganmehr A, Sediqian MS, Jabbarifakhr M, Hamdan AM, Mousavi FS. Genotyping of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Afghanistan (2016-2017): the first report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2019; 20:60-63. [PMID: 31191702 PMCID: PMC6509913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious viral disease which affects the poultry industry. The virus exists in a wide variety of genotypes, and phylogenetic analysis has been used to classify infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains. AIMS The object of the study is a molecular characterization of circulating IBV in Afghanistan as a first study. METHODS The tracheal tissue specimens from 100 different commercial broiler flocks with respiratory distress in Afghanistan were collected during 2016-2017. After real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR), IBV-positive samples were further characterized. A 390 bp hypervariable spike glycoprotein gene segment was amplified using Nested PCR, sequenced, and analyzed. RESULTS The results of real-time RT-PCR showed that 45/100 of the mentioned flocks were IBV positive. Phylogenetic analysis of all positive samples revealed that IBV strains were clustered into two distinct genotypes: LX4 (GI-19) (9/45) and IS-1494 like (GI-23) (34/45). Also, 2 of the 45 samples remained uncharacterized. CONCLUSION It is the first study focusing on the molecular epidemiology of IBV in Afghanistan, extending our understanding of IB in the region. These results showed the high rate of IB infection in Afghanistan broiler farms and confirm the continuing monitoring of IBVs to modify the vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Sadri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. H. Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - H. Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - A. Shayeganmehr
- Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. S. Sediqian
- Department of Animal Science and Biology, Veterinary Faculty, Hariwa University, Herat, Afghanistan
| | - M. Jabbarifakhr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. M. Hamdan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F. S. Mousavi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Han Z, Gao M, Chen Y, Zhao W, Sun J, Zhao Y, Liu S. Genetics, antigenicity and virulence properties of three infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from a single tracheal sample in a chicken with respiratory problems. Virus Res 2018; 257:82-93. [PMID: 30240807 PMCID: PMC7172537 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Three different IBV genotypes/serotypes, designated ck/CH/LDL/150434–I (LDL/150434–I), ck/CH/LDL/150434–II (LDL/150434–II) and ck/CH/LDL/150434–III (LDL/150434–III), were detected in a single tracheal sample from a chicken showing signs of respiratory disease. The viruses were isolated using a cross-neutralization test and limiting dilution in embryonated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) eggs. Isolate LDL/150434–I was a re-isolation of H120 vaccine strain that was introduced into the chicken flock by vaccination, transmitted between chickens, and later accumulated several genomic mutations. Isolate LDL/150434–II was a novel variant that originated from recombination events between H120 and ck/CH/LDT3/03-like viruses. The widespread use of H120 vaccine, which offered incomplete protection against heterotypic IBVs in the fields, may play important roles in the emergence of such a novel genetic variant. Based on the analysis of S1 and complete genomic sequence, isolate LDL/150434–III was related genetically but distinct from the established strains of nrTW I type viruses of GI-7 lineage circulating in Mainland China since 2009. The three IBV isolates were avirulent when they infected SPF chickens. Furthermore, synergistic effects on pathogenicity were not observed when the different types co-infected the SPF chickens. However, the isolates persisted in the respiratory tracts longer in combined infected birds than those in individual infected birds. The results provide insights into the evolution of the viruses and co-infection of chickens with different virus serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiu Chen
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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19
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de Wit JJ, Cazaban C, Dijkman R, Ramon G, Gardin Y. Detection of different genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus and of infectious bursal disease virus in European broilers during an epidemiological study in 2013 and the consequences for the diagnostic approach. Avian Pathol 2017; 47:140-151. [PMID: 28972403 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1387231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To gather recent data regarding the infectious bronchitis (IB) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) situation in Europe, a large-scale field epidemiological survey using diagnostic samples has been implemented in 2013 for about six months in several European countries: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, the Republic of Ireland, Spain and the UK. In 234 flocks that were sampled, strains from 10 different IBV genotypes were detected: the 793B genotype was detected most frequently, followed by QX, Massachusetts (Mass) and the Xindadi-like strains. Strains belonging to the Q1, Ark, D274, D1466, Italy-02 and B1648 genotypes were detected as well, although less frequently. The separate sampling of tracheas and kidneys for IBV detection using reverse transcriptase PCR was very useful, as different genotypes or significant differences in sequences of the same genotype were detected between both organs. The data of this survey also provided valuable information about the replication of IBD vaccines and subsequent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) antibody responses under field conditions. The detection of five non-vvIBDV field strains of two different genotypes shows the presence of non-vvIBDV non-vaccine strains, which can easily be undetected in Europe due to the focus on sampling of clinically ill birds. Detection of vaccine virus in the bursa and antibody response to the IBD vaccination in flocks that had been vaccinated by the drinking water with a live attenuated vaccine compared to a vaccination in the hatchery using an immune-complex vaccine showed a delayed replication of the vaccines that had been applied by the drinking water, indicating mistakes in the timing and/or application of the vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J de Wit
- a GD Animal Health , Deventer , the Netherlands
| | - C Cazaban
- b Ceva Santé Animale , Libourne , France
| | - R Dijkman
- a GD Animal Health , Deventer , the Netherlands
| | - G Ramon
- b Ceva Santé Animale , Libourne , France
| | - Y Gardin
- b Ceva Santé Animale , Libourne , France
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20
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Carranza C, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Santander Parra SH, Nuñez LFN, Penzes Z, Chacón JL, Sesti L, Chacón RD, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Genetic characterisation and analysis of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from Brazilian flocks between 2010 and 2015. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:610-623. [PMID: 28805451 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1365116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
1. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants in Brazil were isolated during 2010-2015 for epidemiological and molecular analysis to characterise the different variants and perform a bioinformatic analysis to compare with sequences of variants collected over the previous 40 years. 2. Of the 453 samples examined, 61.4% were positive for IBV and 75.9% of these were considered to have the BR-I genotype and were detected in birds of all ages distributed in all five Brazilian regions. 3. The ratio of non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (dN) to synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (dS), i.e. dN/dS, revealed a predominance of codons with non-synonymous substitutions in the first third of the S1 gene and a dN/dS ratio of 0.67. Additionally, prediction of N-glycosylation sites showed that most of the BR-I variants (from 2003 to early 2014) had an extra site at amino acid position 20, whereas the newest variants lacked this extra site. 4. These results suggest that Brazilian IBV variants probably underwent drastic mutations at various points between 1983 and 2003 and that the selection processes became silent after achieving a sufficiently effective antigenic structure for invasion and replication in their hosts. Brazilian IBV genotype BR-I is currently the predominant genotype circulating in Brazil and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carranza
- a Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Silvana H Santander Parra
- a Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luis F N Nuñez
- a Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Sesti
- c CEVA Animal Health , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Ruy D Chacón
- a Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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21
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Kalokhoran AY, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Hosseini H, Madadgar O, Karimi V, Hashemzadeh M, Hesari P, Zabihi Petroudi MT, Najafi H. Co-circulation of three clusters of 793/B-like avian infectious bronchitis virus genotypes in Iranian chicken flocks. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3183-3189. [PMID: 28689232 PMCID: PMC7086655 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious viral disease causing severe economic losses in the poultry industry. The 793/B IB virus is an important infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) genotype currently circulating in several countries, including Iran. One hundred confirmed IBV samples (between 2014 and 2015; from 15 provinces in Iran) were selected for genotyping based on S1 sequencing. After phylogenetic analysis, it was found that 30% of the IBV isolates belonged to the 793/B genotype. Results showed that the Iranian 793/B-like IBV isolates could be divided in to three clusters: 4/91-like (50%), 1/96-like (40%), and IB88-like (10%). The sequence similarity between Iranian 793/B-like IBV isolates is 87.69%-100%. The highest identity is between the 4/91 and IB88 clusters (96.38%), and the lowest similarity is between the 1/96 and IB88 clusters (87.62%). This study provides a comprehensive analysis of 793/B-type IBV in Iran and characterization of IBV molecular epidemiology in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yousefzadeh Kalokhoran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - Omid Madadgar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Karimi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Hashemzadeh
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Taha Zabihi Petroudi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hamideh Najafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Marandino A, Tomás G, Panzera Y, Greif G, Parodi-Talice A, Hernández M, Techera C, Hernández D, Pérez R. Whole-genome characterization of Uruguayan strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus reveals extensive recombination between the two major South American lineages. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 54:245-250. [PMID: 28705717 PMCID: PMC7106025 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (Gammacoronavirus, Coronaviridae) is a genetically variable RNA virus that causes one of the most persistent respiratory diseases in poultry. The virus is classified in genotypes and lineages with different epidemiological relevance. Two lineages of the GI genotype (11 and 16) have been widely circulating for decades in South America. GI-11 is an exclusive South American lineage while the GI-16 lineage is distributed in Asia, Europe and South America. Here, we obtained the whole genome of two Uruguayan strains of the GI-11 and GI-16 lineages using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The strains here sequenced are the first obtained in South America for the infectious bronchitis virus and provide new insights into the origin, spreading and evolution of viral variants. The complete genome of the GI-11 and GI-16 strains have 27,621 and 27,638 nucleotides, respectively, and possess the same genomic organization. Phylogenetic incongruence analysis reveals that both strains have a mosaic genome that arose by recombination between Euro Asiatic strains of the GI-16 lineage and ancestral South American GI-11 viruses. The recombination occurred in South America and produced two viral variants that have retained the full-length S1 sequences of the parental lineages but are extremely similar in the rest of their genomes. These recombinant virus have been extraordinary successful, persisting in the continent for several years with a notorious wide geographic distribution. Our findings reveal a singular viral dynamics and emphasize the importance of complete genomic characterization to understand the emergence and evolutionary history of viral variants. Genomic analysis was performed in two main lineages of Infectious bronchitis virus. Lineages differ in their S1 sequences but are similar in the rest of the genome. Genomic similarity between both lineages arise by inter-lineage recombination. Inter-lineage recombination occurred in South America between European/Asiatic and local strain. Recombinant forms have persisted in the continent for several years with wide geographic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Greif
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Parodi-Talice
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad de Biología Molecular, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Techera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Bande F, Arshad SS, Omar AR, Hair-Bejo M, Mahmuda A, Nair V. Global distributions and strain diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus: a review. Anim Health Res Rev 2017; 18:70-83. [PMID: 28776490 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252317000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The poultry industry faces challenge amidst global food security crisis. Infectious bronchitis is one of the most important viral infections that cause huge economic loss to the poultry industry worldwide. The causative agent, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an RNA virus with great ability for mutation and recombination; thus, capable of generating new virus strains that are difficult to control. There are many IBV strains found worldwide, including the Massachusetts, 4/91, D274, and QX-like strains that can be grouped under the classic or variant serotypes. Currently, information on the epidemiology, strain diversity, and global distribution of IBV has not been comprehensively reported. This review is an update of current knowledge on the distribution, genetic relationship, and diversity of the IBV strains found worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruku Bande
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang,Selangor Darul Ehsan,Malaysia
| | - Siti Suri Arshad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang,Selangor Darul Ehsan,Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang,Selangor Darul Ehsan,Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang,Selangor Darul Ehsan,Malaysia
| | - Aliyu Mahmuda
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang,Selangor Darul Ehsan,Malaysia
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Avian Oncogenic Virus Group,The Pirbright Institute,Working,Guildford,Surrey,GU24 0NF,UK
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24
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Seger W, Ghalyanchi Langeroudi A, Karimi V, Madadgar O, Vasfi Marandi M, Hashemzadeh M. Prevalence of avian infectious bronchitis virus in broiler chicken farms in south of Iraq, 2014 - 2015. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2016; 7:317-321. [PMID: 28144423 PMCID: PMC5251354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by a gammacoronavirus, is an OIE-listed (List B) disease and characterized by respiratory and renal involvements, causing high mortality, and economic loss in both layers and broilers. In comparison with other diagnostic methods, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and conventional RT-PCR are potent, more sensitive and faster techniques for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) detection. This research was conducted to detect IBV using specific primers of IB in three governorates (Basra, Thi-Qar and Muthana) in the south of Iraq. Tracheal specimens were collected from 46 IB suspected commercial broiler flocks. XCE2+ and XCE2- Primers, which amplify all IBV serotypes, were used. Primers MCE1+, BCE1+ and DCE1+ were used to amplify the specific nucleotide sequences of Massachusetts, 793/B and D274 genotypes, respectively. The results of real-time RT-PCR of this study showed that 34 (74.00%) out of 46 infected flocks were positive to IBV. The results of nested PCR showed that 50.00% and 5.89% of positive samples were belonged to genotypes 793/B and Massachusetts, respectively, and the remaining positive (44.11%) were unknown. The results indicate presence of Massachusetts and 793/B IBV strains in commercial broilers in southern Iraq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Seger
- Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Karimi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Madadgar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Vasfi Marandi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Hashemzadeh
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
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25
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Fellahi S, Ducatez M, El Harrak M, Guérin JL, Touil N, Sebbar G, Bouaiti EA, Khataby K, Ennaji MM, El-Houadfi M. Prevalence and molecular characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus in poultry flocks in Morocco from 2010 to 2014 and first detection of Italy 02 in Africa. Avian Pathol 2016; 44:287-95. [PMID: 25925561 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1044422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) genotypes in poultry flocks in 16 areas of Morocco between 2010 and 2014. A total of 360 chicken flocks suspected of being infected by IBV were screened for the IBV N gene using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Flocks were classified into four groups according to their IBV vaccination programme. Group 1 contained unvaccinated birds. Group 2 received a single application of live H120 vaccine. Groups 3 and 4 birds received one or two booster vaccination(s), respectively, mostly using the H120 vaccine. The real-time RT-PCR results showed that 51.7% of the flocks were positive for the IBV genome with geographical disparities. Molecular characterization of IBV was performed on 50 RT-PCR positive samples by partially sequencing the S1 gene, including the hypervariable regions (nucleotides 705-1097). Two predominant genotypes were detected, with the Massachusetts type dominating (66%), among which 25% of the samples were identical to the H120 vaccine. The second most common genotype (present in 32% of the flocks) was surprisingly Italy 02, revealing the first detection of this genotype in Morocco and also in Africa. 793B, the predominant genotype in the late 1990s in Morocco, was only detected on one occasion and was identical to the 4/91 vaccine strain. This study highlights the high prevalence of IBV in poultry farms in Morocco and confirms its continuous dynamic changes and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Fellahi
- a Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire , Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II , Rabat , Morocco
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26
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Moreno A, Franzo G, Massi P, Tosi G, Blanco A, Antilles N, Biarnes M, Majó N, Nofrarías M, Dolz R, Lelli D, Sozzi E, Lavazza A, Cecchinato M. A novel variant of the infectious bronchitis virus resulting from recombination events in Italy and Spain. Avian Pathol 2016; 46:28-35. [PMID: 27329854 PMCID: PMC7114073 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis is considered to be one of the most devastating diseases in poultry. Control of its spread is typically attempted through biosecurity measures and extensive vaccination. However, the remarkable genetic and antigenic variability of the virus, which originate from both mutations and recombination events, represents an unsolved challenge for this disease. The present study reports on the emergence and spread of recombinant clusters detected in Italy and Spain between 2012 and 2014. A total of 36 Spanish and Italian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) field strains were investigated and genetically characterized using phylogenetic, molecular, recombination and selection pressure analyses of the complete S1 gene. Based on the partial S1 sequencing, 27 IBV strains originating from Spain and nine from Italy were initially classified as being closely related to the Guandong/Xindadi (XDN) genotype. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete S1 gene revealed that the XDN strains formed a homogeneous clade with the Spanish IBV isolates within the QX genotype, whereas there was higher variability within the Italian strains. Recombination analysis determined that these strains belonged to four groups, which originated from independent recombination events between the QX and 793B IBV genotypes. Our data support the hypothesis of two different scenarios: firstly, in Spain, the large and homogeneous clade probably originated from a single offspring of the recombinant founder, which became dominant and spread throughout the country. Secondly, the nine Italian recombinants, which are characterized by three different recombination patterns, probably represent less fitted strains, because they were less viable with respect to their recombinant parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moreno
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) , Brescia , Italy
| | - G Franzo
- b Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health , Padua University , Legnaro , Italy
| | - P Massi
- c Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna , Forlì , Italy
| | - G Tosi
- c Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna , Forlì , Italy
| | - A Blanco
- d CESAC-Centre de Sanitat Avícola de Catalunya i Aragó , Reus , Spain
| | - N Antilles
- d CESAC-Centre de Sanitat Avícola de Catalunya i Aragó , Reus , Spain
| | - M Biarnes
- d CESAC-Centre de Sanitat Avícola de Catalunya i Aragó , Reus , Spain
| | - N Majó
- e Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, CReSA, UAB-IRTA , Barcelona , Spain
| | - M Nofrarías
- e Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, CReSA, UAB-IRTA , Barcelona , Spain
| | - R Dolz
- e Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, CReSA, UAB-IRTA , Barcelona , Spain
| | - D Lelli
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) , Brescia , Italy
| | - E Sozzi
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) , Brescia , Italy
| | - A Lavazza
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) , Brescia , Italy
| | - M Cecchinato
- b Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health , Padua University , Legnaro , Italy
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27
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Yan SH, Chen Y, Zhao J, Xu G, Zhao Y, Zhang GZ. Pathogenicity of a TW-Like Strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Evaluation of the Protection Induced against It by a QX-Like Strain. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1653. [PMID: 27803698 PMCID: PMC5067408 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis, a highly contagious disease caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is of considerable economic importance to the poultry industry. New IBV TW-like strains have increasingly emerged in China in recent years; hence, evaluating their pathogenicity and developing a specific vaccine to guard against their potential threat to the poultry industry is important. Here, we examined the pathogenicity of a TW-like IBV strain (GD), and evaluated the protective efficacy of the QX-like strain (JS) against GD in challenge infections in chickens. The results revealed that strain-GD-infected birds experienced severe respiratory signs, renal lesions, and 30-40% mortality. The GD virus had extensive tissue tropism, especially in the trachea, lungs, kidneys, and bursa of Fabricius, and was continuously shed via the respiratory tract and cloaca. The QX-like IBV strain JS is able to completely protect chickens from challenge with the TW-like IBV GD field strain, with no clinical signs or gross lesions, decreased tissue replication rates, lower ciliostasis score, and reduced virus shedding. These findings indicate that IBV GD is highly virulent, and that QX-like JS may serve as an effective vaccine against the threat posed by IBV TW-like viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
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28
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Ball C, Bennett S, Forrester A, Ganapathy K. Genetic mutations in live infectious bronchitis vaccine viruses following single or dual in vitro infection of tracheal organ cultures. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:3232-3237. [PMID: 27902312 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite regular co-vaccination of two different strains of live infectious bronchitis vaccine viruses, little is known about possible mutations in these viruses following vaccination. As an alternative to chicks, this study used an in vitro infection model to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the part-S1 gene of two live infectious bronchitis virus vaccine strains (793B and Massachusetts) following single or dual inoculation onto tracheal organ cultures. Results indicate that viral titres reduced over the duration of the study; conversely, the amount of detected infectious bronchitis virus genome increased. Results demonstrate a greater number of non-synonymous SNPs in both vaccine strains when they are co-inoculated, compared with the single inoculations. The influence of the increased SNP and hydrophobic properties of the translated proteins on the vaccine viruses' virulence is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ball
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Sarah Bennett
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Anne Forrester
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Kannan Ganapathy
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
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29
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Huo YF, Huang QH, Lu M, Wu JQ, Lin SQ, Zhu F, Zhang XM, Huang YY, Yang SH, Xu CT. Attenuation mechanism of virulent infectious bronchitis virus strain with QX genotype by continuous passage in chicken embryos. Vaccine 2015; 34:83-9. [PMID: 26611202 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The virulent isolate SDZB0808 of QX-type infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was continuously passaged in chicken embryos for 110 generations. The safety and immune efficacy of the 110th generation of IBVs (P110) were evaluated. Damage was not found in the appearance of the 3-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks immunized with 10(4.5) EID50 (median embryo infective dose) of P110 by intranasal and ocular administration. At 14 d after the vaccination with 10(4.5) EID50 of P110, all the 3-day-old SPF chicks were immune from the attack of the homologous virulent strain SDZB0808 and the heterologous virulent strain SDIB821/2012. The whole genome sequencing of SDZB0808 of different generations (P1-P110) indicated that the replicase 1a sequences of P60-P110 all lost a length of 30bp in the same region. Specific primers were designed according to the differences in the genomes of P1-P110. SYBR Green I real-time quantitative PCR was adopted to analyze the proportion of the viruses with 30bp deletion in P60, P100, and P110. Results showed that with the passage in chicken embryos, the proportion of the viruses with 30bp deletion gradually increased. Almost 100% of the viruses in the P110 had 30bp deletion in the replicase 1a sequence. Therefore, the attenuation of IBV's virulence may be the outcome of directional screening in the chicken embryos. This work confirmed the high safety and immune efficacy of P110 in SPF chickens. Thus, P110 can serve as an attenuated IBV vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-fei Huo
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 2501001, Shandong, PR China; College of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qing-hua Huang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 2501001, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mei Lu
- Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Qingzhou 262500, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jia-qiang Wu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 2501001, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shu-qian Lin
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250023, PR China
| | - Fengzhu Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiu-mei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 2501001, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yan-yan Huang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 2501001, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shao-hua Yang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 2501001, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chuan-tian Xu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 2501001, Shandong, PR China.
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30
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Nozdrenko DM, Bogutska KI, Prylutskyy YI, Korolovych VF, Evstigneev MP, Ritter U, Scharff P. Impact of C 60 fullerene on the dynamics of force-speed changes in soleus muscle of rat at ischemia-reperfusion injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 61:48-59. [PMID: 26387160 DOI: 10.15407/fz61.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of C60 fullerene nanoparticles (30-90 nm) on dynamics of force response development to stimulated soleus muscle of rat with ischemic pathology, existing in muscle during the first 5 hours and first 5 days after 2 hours of ischemia and further reperfusion, was investigated using the tensometric method. It was found that intravenous and intramuscular administration of C60 fullerene with a single dose of 1 mg/kg exert different therapeutic effects dependent on the investigated macroparameters of muscle contraction. The intravenous drug administration was shown to be the most optimal for correction of the velocity macroparameters of contraction due to muscle tissue ischemic damage. In contrast, the intramuscular administration displays protective action with respect to motions associated with generation of maximal force response or continuous contractions elevating the level of muscle fatigue. Hence, C60 fullerene, being a strong antioxidant, may be considered as a promising agent for effective therapy of pathological states of the muscle system caused by pathological action of free radical processes.
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31
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Fellahi S, El Harrak M, Ducatez M, Loutfi C, Koraichi SIS, Kuhn JH, Khayi S, El Houadfi M, Ennaji MM. Phylogenetic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus S1 glycoprotein regions reveals emergence of a new genotype in Moroccan broiler chicken flocks. Virol J 2015; 12:116. [PMID: 26239707 PMCID: PMC4524495 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a major pathogen of commercial poultry flocks, circulates in the form of several serotypes/genotypes. Only a few amino-acid changes in the S1 subunit of wild-type IBVS proteins may result in mutants unaffected by current vaccines. METHODS Partial S1 gene sequences of 3 IBV isolates of the Moroccan Italy 02 genotype from vaccinated and unvaccinated broiler chicken flocks, located in southern and central regions of Morocco, were amplified by RT-PCR, sequenced, and aligned for phylogenetic and amino-acid similarity analyses. RESULTS The three isolates were found genetically highly distant from known avian IBV based on partial sequences of their S1 genes: gammaCoV/chicken/Morocco/I01/2011(IBV/Morocco/01), gammaCoV/chicken/Morocco/I30/2010 (IBV/Morocco/30), and gammaCoV/chicken/Morocco/I38/2013 (IBV/Morocco/38), nucleotide sequence identities reached 89.5 % to 90.9 % among the three isolates. The deduced protein sequence identities ranged from 29.7 % (between IBV/Morocco/38 and Egypt SCU-14/2013-1) to 78.2 % (between IBV/Morocco/01 and Spain/05/866). Amino acid sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis indicated the emergence of a new Moroccan genotype, clustering with regionally related isolates from Spain (Spain/05/866) and belonging to a new sub-genotype. CONCLUSION Our sequencing results demonstrate a co-circulation of wild-type infectious bronchitis viruses in broiler chickens. These results justify permanent monitoring of circulating strains in order to rationally modify vaccination strategies to make them appropriate to the evolving field situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Fellahi
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, 10000, Morocco.
| | - Mehdi El Harrak
- Société de Produits Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques Vétérinaires, Rabat, 10000, Morocco.
| | - Mariette Ducatez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1225 Interaction hôtes-agents pathogènes, F-31076, Toulouse, France.
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1225 Interaction hôtes-agents pathogènes, F-31076, Toulouse, France.
| | - Chafiqa Loutfi
- Société de Produits Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques Vétérinaires, Rabat, 10000, Morocco.
| | - Saad Ibn Souda Koraichi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, 30000, Morocco.
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Slimane Khayi
- Genomique Cellulaire et Techniques Moléculaire Investigations, Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, 50000, Morocco.
| | - Mohammed El Houadfi
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, 10000, Morocco.
| | - My Mustapha Ennaji
- Laboratoirede Virologie, Microbiologie et Qualité/ETB- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Mohammedia, Université Hassan II- Casablanca, Mohammedia, 20650, Morocco.
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32
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Genotypes of infectious bronchitis viruses circulating in the Middle East between 2009 and 2014. Virus Res 2015; 210:198-204. [PMID: 26226233 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We are reporting on the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) genotypes circulating within seven Middle East countries and the alterations in genotype distributions between 2009 and 2014. Tissue samples on FTA cards were received over the six-year period. Viral RNA was extracted using phenol chloroform and subjected to nested RT-PCR targeting a 393 bp region of the S1 gene before being followed by sequencing. From the 461 submitted samples, 363 were IBV positive by RT-PCR (77.01%). Of these, 355 (97.80%) gave sequences that can be genotyped. They belonged to six genotypes; 793B (43.66%), IS/1494/06 (18.31%), Massachusetts (Mass) (12.96%), IS/885/00 (11.27%), Q1 (11.27%) and D274 (2.25%). The prominence of 793B is not surprising, given that 793B vaccine strains are widely used in the Middle East. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the majority of 793B (67.13%) and Mass (81.13%) strains were closely related to vaccine strains based on 99-100% homology with the partial-S1 gene. Vaccinal strains belonging to the D274 genotype were present but only at a low level. Variable proportions of 793B, Mass, D274, IS/1494/06, IS/885/00 and Q1 field strains were identified in different countries. After 2012, the 793B field strain showed distinct clustering compared to strains from earlier years. Translated amino acid alterations were minimal but still may have played an important role in the persistence of this virus despite the use of live 793B vaccines. Huge challenges for an efficient protection against virulent IBVs and chicken production are posed by co-circulating793B, Mass and D274 viruses with less than 99% homology to the respective vaccine strains, along with the recently emerged variant IBVs, despite active IBV vaccination strategies in the Middle East, continuous surveillance of IBV genotypes is essential in formulating optimal control strategies, including the choice and development of new vaccine strains and formulation of vaccination programmes.
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Zhang T, Han Z, Xu Q, Wang Q, Gao M, Wu W, Shao Y, Li H, Kong X, Liu S. Serotype shift of a 793/B genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus by natural recombination. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 32:377-87. [PMID: 25843651 PMCID: PMC7106108 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus causes a respiratory disease in domestic chickens worldwide. Recombination is thought to contribute to the emergence of IBV variants. Strain ck/CH/LHLJ/140906 is originated from recombination events between 4/91- and H120-like strains. Recombination of the S1 domain resulted in the emergence of a novel serotype of IBV.
An infectious bronchitis coronavirus, designated as ck/CH/LHLJ/140906, was isolated from an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain H120-vaccinated chicken flock, which presented with a suspected infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection. A phylogenetic analysis based on the S1 gene clustered ck/CH/LHLJ/140906 with the 793/B group; however, a pairwise comparison showed that the 5′ terminal of the S1 gene (containing hypervariable regions I and II) had high sequence identity with the H120 strain, while the 3′ terminal sequence was very similar to that of IBV 4/91 strain. A SimPlot analysis of the complete genomic sequence, which was confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis and nucleotide similarities using the corresponding gene fragments, suggested that isolate ck/CH/LHLJ/140906 emerged from multiple recombination events between parental IBV strains 4/91 and H120. Although the isolate ck/CH/LHLJ/140906 had slightly higher S1 amino acid sequence identity to strain 4/91 (88.2%) than to strain H120 (86%), the serotype of the virus was more closely related to that of the H120 strain (32% antigenic relatedness) than to the 4/91 strain (15% antigenic relatedness). Whereas, vaccination of specific pathogen-free chickens with the 4/91 vaccine provided better protection against challenge with ck/CH/LHLJ/140906 than did vaccination with the H120 strain according to the result of virus re-isolation. As the spike protein, especially in the hypervariable regions of the S1 domain, of IBVs contains viral neutralizing epitopes, the results of this study showed that recombination of the S1 domain resulted in the emergence of a new serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangang Kong
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Marandino A, Pereda A, Tomás G, Hernández M, Iraola G, Craig MI, Hernández D, Banda A, Villegas P, Panzera Y, Pérez R. Phylodynamic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus in South America. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1340-1346. [PMID: 25667323 PMCID: PMC7081071 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus of chickens that causes great economic losses to the global poultry industry. The present study focuses on South American IBVs and their genetic relationships with global strains. We obtained full-length sequences of the S1 coding region and N gene of IBV field isolates from Uruguay and Argentina, and performed Phylodynamic analysis to characterize the strains and estimate the time of the most recent common ancestor. We identified two major South American genotypes, which were here denoted South America I (SAI) and Asia/South America II (A/SAII). The SAI genotype is an exclusive South American lineage that emerged in the 1960s. The A/SAII genotype may have emerged in Asia in approximately 1995 before being introduced into South America. Both SAI and A/SAII genotype strains clearly differ from the Massachusetts strains that are included in the vaccine formulations being used in most South American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ariel Pereda
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, CC 25 (1712) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Isabel Craig
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, CC 25 (1712) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Banda
- Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, PO Box 97813, Pearl, MS 39288, USA
| | - Pedro Villegas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602-4875, USA
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Al-Shekaili T, Baylis M, Ganapathy K. Molecular detection of infectious bronchitis and avian metapneumoviruses in Oman backyard poultry. Res Vet Sci 2014; 99:46-52. [PMID: 25613085 PMCID: PMC7111884 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) are economically important viral pathogens infecting chickens globally. Identification of endemic IBV and aMPV strains promotes better control of both diseases and prevents production losses. Orophrayngeal swab samples were taken from 2317 birds within 243 different backyard flocks in Oman. Swabs from each flock were examined by RT-PCR using part-S1 and G gene primers for IBV and aMPV respectively. Thirty-nine chicken flocks were positive for IBV. Thirty two of these were genotyped and they were closely related to 793/B, M41, D274, IS/1494/06 and IS/885/00. 793/B-like IBV was also found in one turkey and one duck flock. Five flocks were positive for aMPV subtype B. Though no disease was witnessed at the time of sampling, identified viruses including variant IBV strains, may still pose a threat for both backyard and commercial poultry in Oman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thunai Al-Shekaili
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Matthew Baylis
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Kannan Ganapathy
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK.
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Hewson KA, Robertson T, Steer PA, Devlin JM, Noormohammadi AH, Ignjatovic J. Assessment of the potential relationship between egg quality and infectious bronchitis virus infection in Australian layer flocks. Aust Vet J 2014; 92:132-8. [PMID: 24673141 PMCID: PMC7159702 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective This investigation aimed to determine if there was a relationship between the production of eggs with poor internal quality, as measured by poor Haugh units, by Australian layer flocks and the detection of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in the hens. Other risk factors including flock size, flock type, flock age, chicken breed and vaccination frequency were also assessed. Methods The study group comprised 17 flocks from 14 farms. Data relating to the factors investigated were requested on a regular basis. The Haugh unit data were used to grade eggs as good or poor based on the age and flock at the time of data collection. Cloacal swabs were collected from 20 chickens in each flock approximately every 6 weeks. Results IBV was detected from a majority of the flocks and in 68% of cases the IBV strain detected was an A‐vaccine‐related field strain. Three variant strains were detected. Detection of IBV in a flock, the farm type and flock size were identified as potential risk factors for the production of eggs with poor Haugh units. Conclusion IBV is prevalent in Australian layer flocks, but infection was primarily subclinical. The results complement previous reports indicating that there are many potential risk factors for the production of eggs with poor Haugh units.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Hewson
- Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
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Franzo G, Naylor CJ, Lupini C, Drigo M, Catelli E, Listorti V, Pesente P, Giovanardi D, Morandini E, Cecchinato M. Continued use of IBV 793B vaccine needs reassessment after its withdrawal led to the genotype's disappearance. Vaccine 2014; 32:6765-7. [PMID: 25446828 PMCID: PMC7172084 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over a period of almost two years, broilers chickens on several hundred Italian farms, were monitored for infectious bronchitis virus. Detections were genotyped using a hypervariable region of the gene coding for the S1 segment of the spike protein. A range of genotypes were detected which comprised QX, Q1, Mass, D274 and 793B. Sequences of 793B viruses detected in chickens, vaccinated with either of the two commonly used 793B type vaccines were almost identical to sequences of one or other of these vaccines. This strong indication of vaccine association led to the withdrawal of live 793B vaccine use on all of the farms of the study. Except for one sample collected soon after 793B vaccination ceased, it was no longer possible to detect 793B vaccine on these farms. It appears that field 793B strains have disappeared from the region of Italy tested thus obviating any need for current vaccine protection against 793B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Clive John Naylor
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Michele Drigo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Valeria Listorti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pesente
- Tre Valli Laboratory, Viale A. Veronesi, 5, 37132 San Michele Extra, VR, Italy
| | - Davide Giovanardi
- Tre Valli Laboratory, Viale A. Veronesi, 5, 37132 San Michele Extra, VR, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Hewson KA, Noormohammadi AH, Devlin JM, Browning GF, Schultz BK, Ignjatovic J. Evaluation of a novel strain of infectious bronchitis virus emerged as a result of spike gene recombination between two highly diverged parent strains. Avian Pathol 2014; 43:249-57. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.914624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Saba Shirvan A, Mardani K. Molecular detection of infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease viruses in broiler chickens with respiratory signs using Duplex RT-PCR. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2014; 5:319-23. [PMID: 25610585 PMCID: PMC4299999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) and Newcastle disease (ND) are highly contagious and the most economically important diseases of the poultry affecting respiratory tract and causing economic losses in poultry industry throughout the world. In the present study, the simultaneous detection and differentiation of causative agents of these diseases were investigated using duplex-RT-PCR. RNA was extracted from vaccinal and reference strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and then cDNA was synthesized. Using two universal primer sets for detection of IBV and NDV, the duplex-RT-PCR was developed. In order to assess the efficiency of the developed duplex RT-PCR, a number of 12 broiler farms with the symptoms of respiratory tract infection was sampled (trachea, lung and kidney were sampled from affected birds suspicious for IBV and NDV infections). After RNA extraction from tissues and cDNA synthesis, the presence of IBV and NDV genome were investigated using duplex-PCR. The results showed that three of twelve examined broiler farms were positive for IBV and two farms were positive for NDV and IBV. The results revealed that the duplex-RT-PCR is a quick and sensitive procedure for simultaneously detecting IBV and NDV in birds with respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karim Mardani
- Correspondence: Karim Mardani. PhD, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. E-mail:
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Molecular characterization of major structural protein genes of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus isolates in southern china. Viruses 2013; 5:3007-20. [PMID: 24304696 PMCID: PMC3967158 DOI: 10.3390/v5123007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain comprehensive genetic information of circulating avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates in China, analysis of the phylogenetic tree, entropy of the amino acid sequences, and the positive selection as well as computational recombinations of S1, M and N genes of 23 IBV isolates was conducted in the present study. The phylogenetic trees based on the S1, M and N genes exhibited considerably different topology and the CK/CH/LSC/99I-type isolates were the predominant IBVs based on the phylogenetic analysis of S1 gene. Results of entropy of amino acid sequences revealed that the S1 gene had the largest variation; the M gene had less variation than the N gene. Positive selections were detected in not only S1 but also M and N gene proteins. In addition, five S1 gene recombinants between vaccine strain 4/91 and CK/CH/LSC/99I-type field isolate were confirmed. In conclusion, multiple IBV genotypes co-circulated; genetic diversity and positive selections existed in S1, M and N genes; 4/91 vaccine recombinants emerged in China. Our results show that field IBVs in China are continuing to evolve and vaccine strains may have an important role in the appearance of new IBV strains via recombination. In addition, the present study indicates that IBV evolution is driven by both generations of genetic diversity and selection.
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Acevedo AM, Perera CL, Vega A, Ríos L, Coronado L, Relova D, Frías MT, Ganges L, Núñez JI, Pérez LJ. A duplex SYBR Green I-based real-time RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of Massachusetts and non-Massachusetts serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus. Mol Cell Probes 2013; 27:184-92. [PMID: 23810983 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and is considered one of the most economically important viral diseases of chickens. Control of IBV has been attempted using live attenuated and inactivated vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines of the Massachusetts (Mass.) serotype are the most commonly used for this purpose. Due to the continuous emergence of new variants of the infectious bronchitis virus, the identification of the type of IBV causing an outbreak in commercial poultry is important in the selection of the appropriate vaccine(s) capable of inducing a protective immune response. The present work was aimed at developing and evaluating a duplex SYBR Green I-based real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of Mass. and non-Mass. serotypes of IBV. The duplex rRT-PCR yielded curves of amplification with two specific melting curves (Tm1 = 83 °C ± 0.5 °C and Tm2 = 87 °C ± 0.5 °C) and only one specific melting peak (Tm = 87 °C ± 0.5 °C) when the IBV Mass. serotype and IBV non-Mass. serotype strains were evaluated, respectively. The detection limit of the assay was 8.2 gene copies/μL based on in vitro transcribed RNA and 0.1 EID50/mL. The assay was able to detect all the IBV strains assessed and discriminated well among the IBV Mass. and the IBV non-Mass. serotypes strains. In addition, amplification curves were not obtained with any of the other viruses tested. From the 300 field samples tested, the duplex rRT-PCR yielded a total of 80 samples that were positive for IBV (26.67%), 73 samples identified as the IBV Mass. serotype and seven samples as identified as the IBV non-Mass. serotype. A comparison of the performance of test as assessed with field samples revealed that the duplex rRT-PCR detected a higher number of IBV-positive samples than when conventional RT-PCR or virus isolation tests were used. The duplex rRT-PCR presented here is a useful tool for the rapid identification of outbreaks and for surveillance programmes during IB-suspected cases, particularly in countries with a vaccination control programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Acevedo
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of The Caribean Region, Carretera de Jamaica, San José de las Lajas, La Habana 32700, Cuba
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Li M, Mo ML, Huang BC, Fan WS, Wei ZJ, Wei TC, Li KR, Wei P. Continuous evolution of avian infectious bronchitis virus resulting in different variants co-circulating in Southern China. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1783-6. [PMID: 23474985 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sixty field strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were isolated from chicken flocks in different regions of Guangxi from 1985 to 2012. Phylogenetic analysis of S1 subunit glycoprotein genes revealed that field isolates from 2009-2011 mostly belonged to the LX4 type, while those from 1985-2008 belonged to the HN08 type, and a few others belonged to the 4/91 type, the TW type and the Mass type. In addition, it is noteworthy that no obvious regional differences were found among these 60 strains isolated from six regions in Guangxi, while there was a high degree of sequence identity among the isolates in the same period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
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Liu X, Shao Y, Ma H, Sun C, Zhang X, Li C, Han Z, Yan B, Kong X, Liu S. Comparative analysis of four Massachusetts type infectious bronchitis coronavirus genomes reveals a novel Massachusetts type strain and evidence of natural recombination in the genome. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012. [PMID: 23178317 PMCID: PMC7106298 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Four Massachusetts-type (Mass-type) strains of infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV) were compared genetically with the pathogenic M41 and H120 vaccine strains using the complete genomic sequences. The results revealed that strains ck/CH/LNM/091017 and ck/CH/LDL/101212 were closely related to the H120 vaccine, which suggests that they might represent re-isolations of vaccine strains or variants of vaccine strains that have resulted from the accumulated point mutations after several passages in chickens. In contrast, strains ck/CH/LHLJ/07VII and ck/CH/LHLJ/100902 had a close genetic relationship with the pathogenic M41 strain. In addition, molecular markers have been identified that distinguish between field and vaccine (or vaccine-like) Mass-type viruses, which may be able to differentiate between field and vaccine strains for diagnostic purposes. Phylogenetic analysis, and pairwise comparison of full-length genomes and the nine genes, identified the occurrence of recombination events in the genome of strain CK/VH/LHLJ/07VII, which suggests that this virus originated from recombination events between M41- and H120-like strains at the switch site located at the 3' end of the nucleocapsid (N) genes. To our knowledge, this is the first time that evidence for the evolution and natural recombination under field conditions between Mass-type pathogenic and vaccinal IBV strains has been documented. These findings provide insights into the emergence and evolution of the Mass-type IB coronaviruses and may help to explain the emergence of Mass-type IBV in chicken flocks all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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Kuo SM, Kao HW, Hou MH, Wang CH, Lin SH, Su HL. Evolution of infectious bronchitis virus in Taiwan: positively selected sites in the nucleocapsid protein and their effects on RNA-binding activity. Vet Microbiol 2012; 162:408-418. [PMID: 23159091 PMCID: PMC7117379 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
RNA recombination has been shown to underlie the sporadic emergence of new variants of coronavirus, including the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a highly contagious avian pathogen. We have demonstrated that RNA recombination can give rise to a new viral population, supported by the finding that most isolated Taiwanese (TW) IBVs, similar to Chinese (CH) IBVs, exhibit a genetic rearrangement with the American (US) IBV at the 5’ end of the nucleocapsid (N) gene. Here, we further show that positive selection has occurred at two sites within the putative crossover region of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the TW IBV N protein. Based on the crystal structure of the NTD, the stereographic positions of both predicted selected sites do not fall close to the RNA-binding groove. Surprisingly, converting either of the two residues to the amino acid present in most CH IBVs resulted in significantly reduced affinity of the N protein for the synthetic RNA repeats of the viral transcriptional regulatory sequence. These results suggest that modulating the amino acid residue at either selected site may alter the conformation of the N protein and affect the viral RNA–N interaction. This study illustrates that the N protein of the current TW IBV variant has been shaped by both RNA recombination and positive selection and that the latter may promote viral survival and fitness, potentially by increasing the RNA-binding capacity of the N protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ming Kuo
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hon Hou
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ho Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Hong Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Su
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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45
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Ma H, Shao Y, Sun C, Han Z, Liu X, Guo H, Liu X, Kong X, Liu S. Genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus in recent years in China. Avian Dis 2012; 56:15-28. [PMID: 22545524 DOI: 10.1637/9804-052011-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-six isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were obtained from different field outbreaks in China in 2010, and they were genotyped by comparison with 19 reference strains in the present study. The results showed that LX4-type isolates are still the predominant IBVs circulating in chicken flocks in China, and these isolates could be grouped further into two clusters. Viruses in each cluster had favored amino acid residues at different positions in the S1 subunit of the spike protein. In addition, a recombination event was observed to have occurred between LX4- and tl/CH/LDT3/03I-type strains, which contributed to the emergence of a new strain. The most important finding of the study is the isolation and identification of Taiwan II-type (TW II-type) strains of IBV in mainland China in recent years. The genome of TW II-type IBV strains isolated in mainland China has experienced mutations and deletions, as demonstrated by comparison of the entire genome sequence with those of IBV strains isolated in Taiwan. Pathogenicity testing and sequence analysis of the 3' terminal untranslated region revealed that TW II-type IBV strains isolated in mainland China have a close relationship with the embryo-passaged, attenuated TW2296/95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Ma
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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46
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Sumi V, Singh SD, Dhama K, Gowthaman V, Barathidasan R, Sukumar K. Isolation and molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus from recent outbreaks in broiler flocks reveals emergence of novel strain in India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44:1791-5. [PMID: 22573006 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) from field outbreaks in 2008 (India/LKW/56/IVRI/08) and 2010 (India/NMK/72/IVRI/10) from broiler chickens in India were isolated and characterized. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the entire S1 gene revealed that these isolates belong to two different genotypes, India/LKW/56/IVRI/08 as Mass strain whereas India/NMK/72/IVRI/10 as of different genotype. Nucleotide sequencing analysis showed that India/LKW/56/IVRI/08 shared 99 % homology with THA280252 (Thailand) and India/NMK/72/IVRI/10 shared greater than 99 % homology with 4/91 pathogenic strain (UK), JP/Wakayama/2/2004 (Japan) and TA03 (China), while the two Indian IBV isolates shared 73 % identity between them. Phylogenetic data allowed classification of two Indian isolates, India/LKW/56/IVRI/08 as having unique lineage within Mass genotype and India/NMK/72/IVRI/10 as of 4/91 genotype. Our study confirmed the presence of 4/91 (793/B) IBV nephropathogenic strain for the first time in India by virus isolation and sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikshe Sumi
- Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
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47
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Li J, Ren L, Guo L, Xiang Z, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Vernet G, Wang J. Evolutionary dynamics analysis of human metapneumovirus subtype A2: genetic evidence for its dominant epidemic. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34544. [PMID: 22479641 PMCID: PMC3316673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory viral pathogen in children worldwide. hMPV is divided into four subtypes: hMPV_A1, hMPV_A2, hMPV_B1, and hMPV_B2. hMPV_A2 can be further divided into hMPV_A2a and A2b based on phylogenetic analysis. The typical prevalence pattern of hMPV involves a shift of the predominant subtype within one or two years. However, hMPV_A2, in particular hMPV_A2b, has circulated worldwide with a several years long term high epidemic. To study this distinct epidemic behavior of hMPV_A2, we analyzed 294 sequences of partial G genes of the virus from different countries. Molecular evolutionary data indicates that hMPV_A2 evolved toward heterogeneity faster than the other subtypes. Specifically, a Bayesian skyline plot analysis revealed that hMPV_A2 has undergone a generally upward fluctuation since 1997, whereas the other subtypes experienced only one upward fluctuation. Although hMPV_A2 showed a lower value of mean dN/dS than the other subtypes, it had the largest number of positive selection sites. Meanwhile, various styles of mutation were observed in the mutation hotspots of hMPV_A2b. Bayesian phylogeography analysis also revealed two fusions of diffusion routes of hMPV_A2b in India (June 2006) and Beijing, China (June 2008). Sequences of hMPV_A2b retrieved from GenBank boosted simultaneously with the two fusions respectively, indicating that fusion of genetic transmission routes from different regions improved survival of hMPV_A2. Epidemic and evolutionary dynamics of hMPV_A2b were similar to those of hMPV_A2. Overall, our findings provide important molecular insights into hMPV epidemics and viral variation, and explain the occurrence of an atypical epidemic of hMPV_A2, particularly hMPV_A2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Ren
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Guo
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichun Xiang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Jianwei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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48
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Sjaak de Wit JJ, Cook JKA, van der Heijden HMJF. Infectious bronchitis virus variants: a review of the history, current situation and control measures. Avian Pathol 2012; 40:223-35. [PMID: 21711181 PMCID: PMC7154306 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2011.566260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The history, current situation and control measures for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants are reviewed. A large number of IBV variants exist worldwide; some being unique to a particular area, others having a more general distribution. The possible reasons why some strains spread readily over major parts of the world, whereas other strains stay more localized are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of strain classification by protectotyping, serotyping and genotyping are discussed in relation to in vivo protection. The different vaccination strategies are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Sjaak de Wit
- GD (Animal Health Service), P.O.B. 9, 7400 AA, Deventer, The Netherlands.
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49
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Sjaak de Wit JJ, Cook JKA, van der Heijden HMJF. Infectious bronchitis virus variants: a review of the history, current situation and control measures. Avian Pathol 2012. [PMID: 21711181 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2011.56626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The history, current situation and control measures for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants are reviewed. A large number of IBV variants exist worldwide; some being unique to a particular area, others having a more general distribution. The possible reasons why some strains spread readily over major parts of the world, whereas other strains stay more localized are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of strain classification by protectotyping, serotyping and genotyping are discussed in relation to in vivo protection. The different vaccination strategies are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Sjaak de Wit
- GD (Animal Health Service), P.O.B. 9, 7400 AA, Deventer, The Netherlands.
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50
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Acevedo AM, Díaz de Arce H, Brandão PE, Colas M, Oliveira S, Pérez LJ. First evidence of the emergence of novel putative infectious bronchitis virus genotypes in Cuba. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1046-9. [PMID: 22357366 PMCID: PMC7127745 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) genotypes or serotypes along with the poor cross-protection observed among IBV serotypes have complicated the avian infectious bronchitis (IB) control programs in different geographic regions. In Cuba, the lack of genetic information regarding IBV and the increasing epidemiological importance of this virus in Cuban chicken flocks demand further characterization of IBV isolates. In the present work, studies of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among recent IBV isolates from Cuban chicken flocks showing respiratory disorders were performed. Two putative genotypes genetically different to the Massachusetts genotype H120 strain used in the Cuban vaccination program were found in the flocks assessed. In addition, a potential nephropathogenic IBV isolate was found by first time in Cuba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Acevedo
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), La Habana, Cuba
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