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Chau KM, Dominic A, Davis EL, Kotla S, Berrios ET, Fahim A, Arunesh A, Li S, Zhao D, Chen K, Davis AR, Nguyen MTH, Wang Y, Evans SE, Wang G, Cooke JP, Abe JI, Huston DP, Le NT. TNIK regulation of interferon signaling and endothelial cell response to virus infection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1213428. [PMID: 38264262 PMCID: PMC10803426 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1213428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traf2 and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) is known for its regulatory role in various processes within cancer cells. However, its role within endothelial cells (ECs) has remained relatively unexplored. Methods Leveraging RNA-seq data and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), we probed the potential impact of TNIK depletion on ECs. Results Examination of RNA-seq data uncovered more than 450 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in TNIK-depleted ECs, displaying a fold change exceeding 2 with a false discovery rate (FDR) below 0.05. IPA analysis unveiled that TNIK depletion leads to the inhibition of the interferon (IFN) pathway [-log (p-value) >11], downregulation of IFN-related genes, and inhibition of Hypercytokinemia/Hyperchemokinemia [-log (p-value) >8]. The validation process encompassed qRT-PCR to evaluate mRNA expression of crucial IFN-related genes, immunoblotting to gauge STAT1 and STAT2 protein levels, and ELISA for the quantification of IFN and cytokine secretion in siTNIK-depleted ECs. These assessments consistently revealed substantial reductions upon TNIK depletion. When transducing HUVECs with replication incompetent E1-E4 deleted adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP), it was demonstrated that TNIK depletion did not affect the uptake of Ad-GFP. Nonetheless, TNIK depletion induced cytopathic effects (CPE) in ECs transduced with wild-type human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad-WT). Summary Our findings suggest that TNIK plays a crucial role in regulating the EC response to virus infections through modulation of the IFN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh M. Chau
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abishai Dominic
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Eleanor L. Davis
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Estefani Turcios Berrios
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arsany Fahim
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ashwin Arunesh
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Shengyu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alan R. Davis
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David P. Huston
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine Texas A&M University, College Station, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
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Shin S, Han D, Cho H, Kim E, Choi K. Non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 induces autophagy to enhance its replication. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:405-416. [PMID: 36533845 PMCID: PMC9856993 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an important viral pathogen that has an economic impact on the livestock industry worldwide. Autophagy is one of the earliest cell-autonomous defence mechanisms against microbial invasion, and many types of viruses can induce autophagy by infecting host cells. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of non-cytopathic (ncp) BVDV2 infection. METHODS Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells were treated with ncp BVDV2, rapamycin, or 3-methyladenine (MA) and ncp BVDV2 and then incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Cells were harvested, and the effects of autophagy were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser microscopy, western blotting and qRT-PCR. Apoptotic analysis was also performed using western blotting and flow cytometry. RESULTS In ncp BVDV2-infected MDBK cells, more autophagosomes were observed by TEM, and the number of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) with green fluorescent protein puncta was also increased. The ncp BVDV2-infected cells showed significantly enhanced conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, as well as upregulation of autophagy-related proteins, including ATG5 and Beclin 1, and substantial degradation of p62/SQSTM1. These results are similar to those induced by rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. E2 protein expression, which is associated with viral replication, increased over time in ncp BVDV2-infected cells. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA in ncp BVDV2-infected MDBK cells downregulated the expressions of LC3-II, ATG5 and Beclin 1 and prevented the degradation of p62/SQSTM1. Moreover, the expressions of phosphorylated Akt and procaspase-3 were significantly increased in ncp BVDV2-infected cells. In addition, the mRNA level of protein kinase R (PKR) was significantly reduced in ncp BVDV2-infected cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that ncp BVDV2 infection induced autophagy in MDBK cells via anti-apoptosis and PKR suppression. Therefore, autophagy may play a role in establishing persistent infection caused by ncp BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung‐Uk Shin
- Department of Animal Science and BiotechnologyCollege of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National UniversitySangjuSouth Korea
| | - Du‐Gyeong Han
- Korea National Institute of HealthCheongjuChungcheongbuk‐doSouth Korea
| | - Hyung‐Chul Cho
- Department of Animal Science and BiotechnologyCollege of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National UniversitySangjuSouth Korea
| | - Eun‐Mi Kim
- Department of Animal Science and BiotechnologyCollege of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National UniversitySangjuSouth Korea
| | - Kyoung‐Seong Choi
- Department of Animal Science and BiotechnologyCollege of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National UniversitySangjuSouth Korea
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3
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Romeo F, Louge Uriarte E, Delgado SG, González-Altamiranda E, Pereyra S, Morán P, Odeón A, Pérez S, Verna A. Effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus on subsequent infectivity of bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 in endometrial cells in primary culture: An in vitro model of viral co-infection. J Virol Methods 2021; 291:114097. [PMID: 33600847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) infect the uterus of cattle, being responsible for huge economic losses. Most of the pathogenesis of BoHV-4 in the bovine reproductive tract has been elucidated by conducting tests on primary cultures. Thus, it is important to have optimal in vitro conditions, avoiding the presence of other pathogens that can alter the results. BVDV is one of the most frequent viral contaminants of cell cultures. Considering that non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV biotype can generate persistently infected (PI) cattle, which are the major source for virus transmission in susceptible herds, it is important to check products derived from cattle that are intended to be used in research laboratories. The aim of this work was to evaluate how the natural infection of bovine endometrial cells (BEC) with a NCP BVDV strain (BEC + BVDV) affects BoHV-4 replication. We have demonstrated a delay in BoHV-4 gene expression and a decrease in viral load in the extracellular environment in BEC + BDVD cells compared to BEC (BVDV-free) cells. These results confirm that replication of BoHV-4 in BEC primary cultures is affected by previous infection with BVDV. This finding highlights the importance of ruling out BVDV infection in bovine primary cell cultures to avoid biological interference or misinterpretation of results at the time of performing in vitro studies with BoHV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Romeo
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Godoy Cruz 2370, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - E Louge Uriarte
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Grupo de Sanidad Animal. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, CONICET-INTA). Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S G Delgado
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - E González-Altamiranda
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Grupo de Sanidad Animal. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, CONICET-INTA). Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Pereyra
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Grupo de Sanidad Animal. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, CONICET-INTA). Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Morán
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA)/CIVETAN, Sede Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - S Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA)/CIVETAN, Sede Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Verna
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Grupo de Sanidad Animal. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, CONICET-INTA). Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Katwal P, Uprety T, Okda F, Antony L, Thomas M, Chase C, Diel DG, Nelson E, Young A, Li F, Scaria J, Kaushik RS. Characterization of bovine ileal epithelial cell line for lectin binding, susceptibility to enteric pathogens, and TLR mediated immune responses. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 74:101581. [PMID: 33260019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, primary and immortalized bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs) were characterized for the expression of surface carbohydrate moieties. Primary BIEC-c4 cells showed staining greater than 90 % for 16 lectins but less than 50 % staining for four lectins. Immortalized BIECs showed significantly different lectin binding profile for few lectins compared to BIEC-c4 cells. BIEC-c4 cells were studied for infectivity to E. coli, Salmonella enterica, bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus. Bovine strain E. coli B41 adhered to BIEC-c4 cells and Salmonella strains S. Dublin and S. Mbandaka showed strong cell invasion. BIEC-c4 cells were susceptible to bovine rotavirus. LPS stimulation upregulated IL-10, IL-8, and IL-6 expression and Poly I:C upregulated TLR 8 and TLR 9 expression. This study provides important knowledge on the glycoconjugate expression profile of primary and immortalized BIECs and infectivity and immune responses of primary BIECs to bacterial and viral pathogens or ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Katwal
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Tirth Uprety
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Faten Okda
- Dept of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA; Dept. of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA; National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Linto Antony
- Dept of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Milton Thomas
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Christopher Chase
- Dept of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Diego G Diel
- Dept of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA; Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Eric Nelson
- Dept of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Alan Young
- Dept of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA; Department of Veterinary Science, M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Joy Scaria
- Dept of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Radhey S Kaushik
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
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5
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Liu C, Zheng J, Qin Q, Huang X. Autophagy Participates in Lysosomal Vacuolation-Mediated Cell Death in RGNNV-Infected Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:790. [PMID: 32425913 PMCID: PMC7212415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is the etiological agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), also known as viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), which results in heavy economic losses to the aquaculture industry worldwide. Dramatic cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed during NNV infection both in vitro and in vivo; however, the origin and mechanism of cytoplasmic vacuolization remains unknown. In this report, we found that the cytoplasmic vacuole morphology became fused and enlarged during infection with red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), which was accompanied by increased cell death. Notably, Lyso-Tracker, but not Mito-Tracker or ER-Tracker, was accumulated in the vacuoles, and abnormal lysosome swelling was observed in RGNNV-infected cells, suggesting that the cytoplasmic vacuoles originated from lysosomal organelles. Cytoplasmic vacuolization and cell death in RGNNV-infected cells was completely blocked by the vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor (bafilomycin A1), and was significantly weakened by chloroquine (CQ), a lysosomotropic agent that induces the acidification of the lysosomes. This suggests that lysosome acidification was essential for vacuole formation. Significant inhibitory effects on vacuolization and cell death were also observed in the RGNNV-infected cells following treatment with nigericin and monensin (ionophores that uncouple the proton gradient present in lysosomes). This indicated that lysosome function was tightly associated with RGNNV infection-induced cell death. In addition, vacuoles were found to be partially co-localized with GFP-LC3II punctate dots during RGNNV infection. Moreover, the severity of vacuolization and cell death were both significantly decreased after treatment with the autophagy inhibitor, 3-MA, suggesting that autophagy was involved in lysosomal vacuolization and cell death evoked by RGNNV infection. Thus, our results demonstrate that autophagy participates in lysosomal vacuolation-mediated cell death during RGNNV infection, and provides new insight into our understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying nodavirus pathogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetian Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanhe Liu
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Xu J, Wang H, Hu Y, Zhang YS, Wen L, Yin F, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li S, Miao Y, Lin B, Zuo D, Wang G, Mao M, Zhang T, Ding J, Hua Y, Cai Z. Inhibition of CaMKIIα Activity Enhances Antitumor Effect of Fullerene C60 Nanocrystals by Suppression of Autophagic Degradation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801233. [PMID: 31016106 PMCID: PMC6468974 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene C60 nanocrystals (nano-C60) possess various attractive bioactivities, including autophagy induction and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) activation. CaMKIIα is a multifunctional protein kinase involved in many cellular processes including tumor progression; however, the biological effects of CaMKIIα activity modulated by nano-C60 in tumors have not been reported, and the relationship between CaMKIIα activity and autophagic degradation remains unclear. Herein, nano-C60 is demonstrated to elicit reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cytotoxicity and persistent activation of CaMKIIα in osteosarcoma (OS) cells. CaMKIIα activation, in turn, produces a protective effect against cytotoxicity from nano-C60 itself. Inhibition of CaMKIIα activity by either the chemical inhibitor KN-93 or CaMKIIα knockdown dramatically promotes the anti-OS effect of nano-C60. Moreover, inhibition of CaMKIIα activity causes lysosomal alkalinization and enlargement, and impairs the degradation function of lysosomes, leading to autophagosome accumulation. Importantly, excessive autophagosome accumulation and autophagic degradation blocking are shown to play an important role in KN-93-enhanced-OS cell death. The synergistic anti-OS efficacy of KN-93 and nano-C60 is further revealed in an OS-xenografted murine model. The results demonstrate that CaMKIIα inhibition, along with the suppression of autophagic degradation, presents a promising strategy for improving the antitumor efficacy of nano-C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai StreetHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School65 Landsdowne StreetCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Longping Wen
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyNanobio LaboratoryInstitutes for Life SciencesSouth China University of Technology381 Wushan StreetGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Suoyuan Li
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen University135 West Xingang StreetGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Binhui Lin
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Dongqing Zuo
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Gangyang Wang
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Min Mao
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Bone Tumor Institution100 Haining StreetShanghai200080P. R. China
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7
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Caldas LA, Freitas TRP, Azevedo RC, de Souza W. Prostaglandin A 1 inhibits the replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:785-789. [PMID: 29544983 PMCID: PMC6175701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus can cause acute disease in livestock, leading to economic losses. We show that Prostaglandin A1 inhibits bovine viral diarrhea virus replication in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (94% inhibition using 5μg/mL). Light and electron microscopy of infected cells shows that Prostaglandin A1 also prevents virus-induced vacuolization, but at higher concentrations (10μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcio Ayres Caldas
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Rosária Pereira Freitas
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO - MG, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Campos Azevedo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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8
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Shubin AV, Demidyuk IV, Komissarov AA, Rafieva LM, Kostrov SV. Cytoplasmic vacuolization in cell death and survival. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55863-55889. [PMID: 27331412 PMCID: PMC5342458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic vacuolization (also called cytoplasmic vacuolation) is a well-known morphological phenomenon observed in mammalian cells after exposure to bacterial or viral pathogens as well as to various natural and artificial low-molecular-weight compounds. Vacuolization often accompanies cell death; however, its role in cell death processes remains unclear. This can be attributed to studying vacuolization at the level of morphology for many years. At the same time, new data on the molecular mechanisms of the vacuole formation and structure have become available. In addition, numerous examples of the association between vacuolization and previously unknown cell death types have been reported. Here, we review these data to make a deeper insight into the role of cytoplasmic vacuolization in cell death and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Shubin
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Biologically Active Nanostructures, N.F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V Demidyuk
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Komissarov
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lola M Rafieva
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Kostrov
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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Both cytopathic and non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) induced autophagy at a similar rate. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 193-194:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Khodakaram-Tafti A, Farjanikish GH. Persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in cattle herds. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2017; 18:154-163. [PMID: 29163643 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2017.4190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a significant pathogen associated with gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive diseases of cattle worldwide. It causes continuous economic losses to the cattle industry primarily due to decreased reproductive performance. The ability of virus to cross the placenta during early pregnancy can result in the birth of persistently infected (PI) calves. Persistently infected animals are generally much more efficient transmitters of BVDV than transiently or acutely infected animals because they are capable of shedding large quantities of virus throughout their lives and are considered the primary reservoirs for BVDV. Due to the nature of viral infections, there is no treatment to fully cure an animal of a viral infection. All control programs which are in use in many countries of the world, mainly depend upon the detection of PI animals, eliminating them and preventing their return into the herds. Detection of PI animals at early stage, particularly soon after birth is of significant benefit to implement BVDV control programs. Available diagnostic tests such as virus isolation (VI), immunohistochemistry (IHC), Antigen-Capture ELISA (ACE), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are used for detection of PI cattle. Each method to detect BVDV has advantages, disadvantages, and applicability for different diagnostic situations. The reliability of diagnostic tests is optimized by choosing the appropriate sampling strategy on the basis of animal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khodakaram-Tafti
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - G H Farjanikish
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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Lin J, Shi SS, Zhang JQ, Zhang YJ, Zhang L, Liu Y, Jin PP, Wei PF, Shi RH, Zhou W, Wen LP. Giant Cellular Vacuoles Induced by Rare Earth Oxide Nanoparticles are Abnormally Enlarged Endo/Lysosomes and Promote mTOR-Dependent TFEB Nucleus Translocation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5759-5768. [PMID: 27593892 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many nanomaterials are reported to disrupt lysosomal function and homeostasis, but how cells sense and then respond to nanomaterial-elicited lysosome stress is poorly understood. Nucleus translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) plays critical roles in lysosome biogenesis following lysosome stress induced by starvation. The authors previously reported massive cellular vacuolization, along with autophagy induction, in cells treated with rare earth oxide (REO) nanoparticles. Here, the authors identify these giant cellular vacuoles as abnormally enlarged and alkalinized endo/lysosomes whose formation is dependent on macropinocytosis. This vacuolization causes deactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a TFEB-interacting kinase that resides on the lysosome membrane. Subsequently, TFEB is dephosphorylated at serine 142 and translocated into cell nucleus. This nucleus translocation of TFEB is observed only in vacuolated cells and it is critical for maintaining lysosome homeostasis after REO nanoparticle treatment, as knock-down of TFEB gene significantly compromises lysosome function and enhances cell death in nanoparticle-treated cells. Our results reveal that cellular vacuolization, which is commonly observed in cells treated with REOs and other nanomaterials, represents a condition of profound lysosome stress, and cells sense and respond to this stress by facilitating mTOR-dependent TFEB nucleus translocation in an effort to restore lysosome homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Shi
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Qian Zhang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jiao Zhang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Jin
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Wei
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Hua Shi
- Core Facility Center of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China.
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Long-Ping Wen
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum: The Favorite Intracellular Niche for Viral Replication and Assembly. Viruses 2016; 8:v8060160. [PMID: 27338443 PMCID: PMC4926180 DOI: 10.3390/v8060160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle. It forms a complex network of continuous sheets and tubules, extending from the nuclear envelope (NE) to the plasma membrane. This network is frequently perturbed by positive-strand RNA viruses utilizing the ER to create membranous replication factories (RFs), where amplification of their genomes occurs. In addition, many enveloped viruses assemble progeny virions in association with ER membranes, and viruses replicating in the nucleus need to overcome the NE barrier, requiring transient changes of the NE morphology. This review first summarizes some key aspects of ER morphology and then focuses on the exploitation of the ER by viruses for the sake of promoting the different steps of their replication cycles.
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Hoffman E, Kumar A, Kanabar V, Arno M, Preux L, Millar V, Page C, Collins H, Mudway I, Dailey LA, Forbes B. In Vitro Multiparameter Assay Development Strategy toward Differentiating Macrophage Responses to Inhaled Medicines. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2675-87. [PMID: 25941945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although foamy macrophages (FMΦ) are commonly observed during nonclinical development of medicines for inhalation, there are no accepted criteria to differentiate adaptive from adverse FMΦ responses in drug safety studies. The purpose of this study was to develop a multiparameter in vitro assay strategy to differentiate and characterize different mechanisms of drug-induced FMΦ. Amiodarone, staurosporine, and poly(vinyl acetate) nanoparticles were used to induce distinct FMΦ phenotypes in J774A.1 cells, which were then compared with negative controls. Treated macrophages were evaluated for morphometry, lipid accumulation, gene expression, apoptosis, cell activation, and phagocytosis. Analysis of vacuolization (number/area vacuoles per cell) and phospholipid content revealed inducer-dependent distinctive patterns, which were confirmed by electron microscopy. In contrast to the other inducers, amiodarone increased vacuole size rather than number and resulted in phospholipid accumulation. No pronounced dysregulation of transcriptional activity or apoptosis was observed in response to sublethal concentrations of all inducers. Functionally, FMΦ induction did not affect macrophage activation by lipopolysaccharide, but it reduced phagocytic capacity, with different patterns of induction, severity, and resolution observed with the different inducers. An in vitro multiparameter assay strategy is reported that successfully differentiates and characterizes mechanisms leading to FMΦ induction by different types of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Hoffman
- #Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Val Millar
- ∇GE Healthcare Life Sciences, The Maynard Centre, Forest Farm Road, Whitchurch, Cardiff CF14 7YT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Helen Collins
- ∥Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, 15-16 Newcomen Street, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Shubin AV, Demidyuk IV, Lunina NA, Komissarov AA, Roschina MP, Leonova OG, Kostrov SV. Protease 3C of hepatitis A virus induces vacuolization of lysosomal/endosomal organelles and caspase-independent cell death. BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:4. [PMID: 25886889 PMCID: PMC4355371 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3C proteases, the main proteases of picornaviruses, play the key role in viral life cycle by processing polyproteins. In addition, 3C proteases digest certain host cell proteins to suppress antiviral defense, transcription, and translation. The activity of 3C proteases per se induces host cell death, which makes them critical factors of viral cytotoxicity. To date, cytotoxic effects have been studied for several 3C proteases, all of which induce apoptosis. This study for the first time describes the cytotoxic effect of 3C protease of human hepatitis A virus (3Cpro), the only proteolytic enzyme of the virus. RESULTS Individual expression of 3Cpro induced catalytic activity-dependent cell death, which was not abrogated by the pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) and was not accompanied by phosphatidylserine externalization in contrast to other picornaviral 3C proteases. The cell survival was also not affected by the inhibitors of cysteine proteases (z-FA-fmk) and RIP1 kinase (necrostatin-1), critical enzymes involved in non-apoptotic cell death. A substantial fraction of dying cells demonstrated numerous non-acidic cytoplasmic vacuoles with not previously described features and originating from several types of endosomal/lysosomal organelles. The lysosomal protein Lamp1 and GTPases Rab5, Rab7, Rab9, and Rab11 were associated with the vacuolar membranes. The vacuolization was completely blocked by the vacuolar ATPase inhibitor (bafilomycin A1) and did not depend on the activity of the principal factors of endosomal transport, GTPases Rab5 and Rab7, as well as on autophagy and macropinocytosis. CONCLUSIONS 3Cpro, apart from other picornaviral 3C proteases, induces caspase-independent cell death, accompanying by cytoplasmic vacuolization. 3Cpro-induced vacuoles have unique properties and are formed from several organelle types of the endosomal/lysosomal compartment. The data obtained demonstrate previously undocumented morphological characters of the 3Cpro-induced cell death, which can reflect unknown aspects of the human hepatitis A virus-host cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Shubin
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Ilya V Demidyuk
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Nataliya A Lunina
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Komissarov
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Marina P Roschina
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Olga G Leonova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Kostrov
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia.
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Membranous replication factories induced by plus-strand RNA viruses. Viruses 2014; 6:2826-57. [PMID: 25054883 PMCID: PMC4113795 DOI: 10.3390/v6072826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the membranous replication factories of members of plus-strand (+) RNA viruses. We discuss primarily the architecture of these complex membrane rearrangements, because this topic emerged in the last few years as electron tomography has become more widely available. A general denominator is that two “morphotypes” of membrane alterations can be found that are exemplified by flaviviruses and hepaciviruses: membrane invaginations towards the lumen of the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) and double membrane vesicles, representing extrusions also originating from the ER, respectively. We hypothesize that either morphotype might reflect common pathways and principles that are used by these viruses to form their membranous replication compartments.
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Johansson AC, Appelqvist H, Nilsson C, Kågedal K, Roberg K, Ollinger K. Regulation of apoptosis-associated lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Apoptosis 2010; 15:527-40. [PMID: 20077016 PMCID: PMC2850995 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) occurs in response to a large variety of cell death stimuli causing release of cathepsins from the lysosomal lumen into the cytosol where they participate in apoptosis signaling. In some settings, apoptosis induction is dependent on an early release of cathepsins, while under other circumstances LMP occurs late in the cell death process and contributes to amplification of the death signal. The mechanism underlying LMP is still incompletely understood; however, a growing body of evidence suggests that LMP may be governed by several distinct mechanisms that are likely engaged in a death stimulus- and cell-type-dependent fashion. In this review, factors contributing to permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane including reactive oxygen species, lysosomal membrane lipid composition, proteases, p53, and Bcl-2 family proteins, are described. Potential mechanisms to safeguard lysosomal integrity and confer resistance to lysosome-dependent cell death are also discussed.
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Zhang N, Liu Z, Han Q, Chen J, Lou S, Qiu J, Zhang G. Inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus in vitro by xanthohumol: Comparisons with ribavirin and interferon-α and implications for the development of anti-hepatitis C virus agents. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 38:332-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Revised: 07/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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MAEDA K, FUJIHARA M, HARASAWA R. Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 Infection Activates the Unfolded Protein Response in MDBK Cells, Leading to Apoptosis. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:801-5. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kouji MAEDA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | - Masatoshi FUJIHARA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | - Ryô HARASAWA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
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Birk AV, Dubovi EJ, Zhang X, Szeto HH. Antiviral activity of geneticin against bovine viral diarrhoea virus. Antivir Chem Chemother 2008; 19:33-40. [PMID: 18610556 DOI: 10.1177/095632020801900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminoglycoside G418 is commonly used to generate stable replicons for RNA viruses, such as hepatitis C virus, West Nile virus, and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). This precludes testing 6418's own antiviral activities against those viruses. Here, we report antiviral activity of 6418 against BVDV. METHODS Cell viability and virus yield reduction assays were used to investigate antiviral effects of G418 against BVDV. The expression of viral proteins and RNA were determined by western blot and real-time quantitive PCR, respectively. RESULTS We demonstrated that G418 (50% cytotoxicity concentration of 400 microg/ml) improved cell viability of Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells infected with a cytopathic strain of BVDV (NADL) in a dose-dependent manner with 50% effective concentration of 4 microg/ml. Interestingly, close structural analogues with known properties as translation inhibitors similar to G418 - kanamycin and gentamicin - had no antiviral activity against BVDV. In addition, 6418 inhibits virus yield of two different strains of BVDV (NADL and NY-1) without affecting viral RNA replication and translation or viral NS3 protein processing. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that antiviral activity of G418 could result from interference with either the assembly or release of active virus, rather than the regulation of viral translation and replication. Thus, we propose the use of chemical analogues of G418 as antiviral therapeutics for treatment of viral diseases associated with the Flaviviridae family, such as hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Birk
- Institute of Hepatitis and Viral Research, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA.
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