1
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Nayak BN, Rajagopal K, Shunmugasundaram R, Rao PL, Vaidyanathan S, Subbiah M. Molecular characterization suggests kinetic modulation of expression of accessory viral protein, W, in Newcastle disease virus infected DF1 cells. Virusdisease 2023; 34:236-247. [PMID: 37408548 PMCID: PMC10317930 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses adopt strategies to efficiently utilize their compact genome. Members of the family Paramyxoviridae, exhibit a cotranscriptional RNA editing mechanism wherein polymerase stuttering generates accessory proteins from Phosphoprotein (P) gene. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, expresses two accessory proteins, V and W, by RNA editing. While P and V proteins are well studied, very little is known about W protein. Recent studies confirmed W protein expression in NDV and the unique subcellular localization of W proteins of virulent and avirulent NDV. We characterized the W protein of NDV strain Komarov, a moderately virulent vaccine strain. W mRNA expression ranged between 7 and 9% of total P gene transcripts similar to virulent NDV. However, W protein expression, detectable by 6 h, peaked at 24 h and dropped by 48 h post infection in DF1 cells indicating a kinetically regulated expression by the virus. The W protein localized in the nucleus and by mutations, a strong nuclear localization signal was identified in the C-terminal region of W protein. The viral growth kinetics study suggested neither supplementation of W protein nor subcellular localization pattern of the supplemented W protein influenced viral replication in vitro similar to that noticed in avirulent NDV. A cytoplasmic mutant of W protein localized in cytoplasm unlike specific mitochondrial colocalization as recorded in velogenic NDV strain SG10 indicating a possible role of W protein in determining the viral pathogenicity. This study describes for the first time, the distinct features of W protein of moderately virulent NDV. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00813-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Nagaraj Nayak
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Madhuri Subbiah
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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2
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Zeng T, Xie L, Xie Z, Huang J, Xie Z, Huang Q, Luo S, Wang S, Li M, Hua J, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Phylogeny and Pathogenicity of Subtype XIIb NDVs from Francolins in Southwestern China and Effective Protection by an Inactivated Vaccine. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1317784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Most genotype XII newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) were isolated from poultry, chickens, or geese, with the exception of one subtype, XIIa NDV, which was isolated from a peacock. Here, two subtype XIIb NDVs, francolin/China/GX01/2017 and francolin/China/GX02/2017 (GX01 and GX02 hereafter), were isolated from francolins, which are resident birds in southern China. GX01 and GX02 were characterized as velogenic NDVs. Based on the weaker pathogenicity of these viruses in chickens, the amino acid sequences of seven proteins from genotype XII NDVs were compared, which revealed 17, 40, 15, 7, 32, 25, and 31 variations in the NP, P, M, F, HN, L, and V proteins, respectively, some of which could be responsible for this decreased pathogenicity. Epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses suggest that subtype XIIb NDVs have multiple transmission chains, and that resident birds may be involved in this process as intermediate hosts in which viruses keep evolving. Because of the increased pathogenicity of subtype XIIb NDVs, the protective efficacy of GX01 as an inactivated vaccine was evaluated and compared with that of two commercial inactivated vaccines in chickens. The results showed that the subtype XIIb NDVs could be candidate genotype-matched vaccine strains against genotype XII NDVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinghong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Hua
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Minxiu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
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3
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Huang F, Dai C, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Ru G. Development of Molecular Mechanisms and Their Application on Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus in Cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:889403. [PMID: 35860357 PMCID: PMC9289221 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.889403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by the destruction or mutation of cellular genetic materials induced by environmental or genetic factors. It is defined by uncontrolled cell proliferation and abnormality of the apoptotic pathways. The majority of human malignancies are characterized by distant metastasis and dissemination. Currently, the most common means of cancer treatment include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which usually damage healthy cells and cause toxicity in patients. Targeted therapy is an effective tumor treatment method with few side effects. At present, some targeted therapeutic drugs have achieved encouraging results in clinical studies, but finding an effective solution to improve the targeting and delivery efficiency of these drugs remains a challenge. In recent years, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been used to direct the tumor-targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a solid oncolytic agent capable of directly killing tumor cells and increasing tumor antigen exposure. Simultaneously, NDV can trigger the proliferation of tumor-specific immune cells and thus improve the therapeutic efficacy of NDV in cancer. Based on NDV’s inherent oncolytic activity and the stimulation of antitumor immune responses, the combination of NDV and other tumor therapy approaches can improve the antitumor efficacy while reducing drug toxicity, indicating a broad application potential. We discussed the biological properties of NDV, the antitumor molecular mechanisms of oncolytic NDV, and its application in the field of tumor therapy in this review. Furthermore, we presented new insights into the challenges that NDV will confront and suggestions for increasing NDV’s therapeutic efficacy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjing Dai
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youni Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yigang Wang, ; Guoqing Ru,
| | - Guoqing Ru
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yigang Wang, ; Guoqing Ru,
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4
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Liu H, Tian J, Lu K, Guan Z, Li Y, Cao X, Li X, Chang Z, Wang X, Sa X, Yang Z. Chicken ISG12(2) attenuates Newcastle disease virus and enhances the efficiency of Newcastle disease vaccine via activating immune pathways. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2634-2648. [PMID: 34904395 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low virulence and strong immunogenicity are quite important for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) producing Newcastle disease (ND) living-attenuated vaccine. However, immunogenicity of NDV positively correlates to its virulence. Usually, the velogenic NDV induces stronger immune responses of poultry than the lentogenic strain, but virulent NDV poses a risk for chicken. In this study, we identified the chicken interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 12-2 (ISG12(2)) not only attenuated NDV, but also increased immunogenicity of ND vaccine strain. Firstly, we found that NDV infection or IFNs stimulation induced expression of chicken ISG12(2) that reinforced expression of IFNs. Overexpression or knockdown proved that chicken ISG12(2) inhibited NDV replication. Then, recombinant NDV LaSota strains (rLaSota/Fmut/ISG12(2) and rLaSota/ISG12(2)), expressing ISG12(2), were rescued. Pathogenicity tests showed that ISG12(2) expression attenuated NDV. RNA-seq or RT-qPCR demonstrated that, comparing to rLaSota/Fmut and rLaSota, rLaSota/Fmut/ISG12(2) and rLaSota/ISG12(2) induced hosts to produce cytokines enriching in innate and adaptive immune pathways in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we showed that rLaSota/ISG12(2) vaccination improved immune condition of chicken to quickly response NDV infection and then enhance protection. These results suggest that chicken ISG12(2) is a potential novel molecular adjuvant to regulate immune responses, which decrease virulence and increase immunogenicity of NDV. The chicken ISG12(2) may contribute to development of high efficient poultry vaccine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianxia Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Kejia Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhao Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhengwu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiao Sa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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5
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Hidaka C, Soda K, Ito T, Ito H. Contribution of mutation I142M in fusion protein and Q44R in matrix protein of Newcastle disease virus to virulence in ducks. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:121-128. [PMID: 34853197 PMCID: PMC8810335 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although verogenic Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) generally cause subclinical infection in waterfowls such as ducks, NDVs with high virulence in waterfowl have been sporadically reported.
We previously reported that the NDV d5a20b strain, which is obtained by serial passaging of the velogenic 9a5b strain in domestic ducks, showed increased virulence in ducks (Hidaka
et al., 2021). The d5a20b strain had 11 amino acid substitutions in its P/V, M, F, HN, and L proteins as compared to 9a5b. In the present study, we generated a series of
recombinant (r) NDVs with these amino acid substitutions to identify the molecular basis of virulence of NDV in ducks, and evaluated their influences on virulence and in
vitro viral properties. Each of the single amino acid substitutions in either the F protein I142M or the M protein Q44R contributed to the enhancement of intracerebral and
intranasal pathogenicity in domestic ducks. The cell-cell fusion activity of the virus with F I142M was five times higher than that of the parental r9a5b. The virus with M Q44R rapidly
replicated in duck embryo fibroblasts. Additionally, the rM+F+HN strain, which has the same amino acid sequences as d5a20b in M, F, and HN proteins, showed the highest level of virulence and
replication efficiency among the generated recombinant viruses, nearly comparable to rd5a20b. These results suggest that multiple factors are involved in the high growth ability of NDV in
duck cells, leading to increased virulence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Hidaka
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Kosuke Soda
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University.,Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University.,Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University.,Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
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Winter S, Lechapt E, Gricourt G, N‘debi M, Boddaert N, Moshous D, Blauwblomme T, Kossorotoff M, Fouyssac F, Chareyre J, Demontant V, Chretien F, Woerther PL, Pawlotsky JM, Blanche S, Neven B, Rodriguez C. Fatal encephalitis caused by Newcastle disease virus in a child. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:605-608. [PMID: 34304282 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Virulence during Newcastle Disease Viruses Cross Species Adaptation. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010110. [PMID: 33467506 PMCID: PMC7830468 DOI: 10.3390/v13010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that host adaptation in virulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) has been accompanied by virulence modulation is reviewed here. Historical records, experimental data, and phylogenetic analyses from available GenBank sequences suggest that currently circulating NDVs emerged in the 1920-1940's from low virulence viruses by mutation at the fusion protein cleavage site. These viruses later gave rise to multiple virulent genotypes by modulating virulence in opposite directions. Phylogenetic and pathotyping studies demonstrate that older virulent NDVs further evolved into chicken-adapted genotypes by increasing virulence (velogenic-viscerotropic pathotypes with intracerebral pathogenicity indexes [ICPIs] of 1.6 to 2), or into cormorant-adapted NDVs by moderating virulence (velogenic-neurotropic pathotypes with ICPIs of 1.4 to 1.6), or into pigeon-adapted viruses by further attenuating virulence (mesogenic pathotypes with ICPIs of 0.9 to 1.4). Pathogenesis and transmission experiments on adult chickens demonstrate that chicken-adapted velogenic-viscerotropic viruses are more capable of causing disease than older velogenic-neurotropic viruses. Currently circulating velogenic-viscerotropic viruses are also more capable of replicating and of being transmitted in naïve chickens than viruses from cormorants and pigeons. These evolutionary virulence changes are consistent with theories that predict that virulence may evolve in many directions in order to achieve maximum fitness, as determined by genetic and ecologic constraints.
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8
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Douglas J, Drummond AJ, Kingston RL. Evolutionary history of cotranscriptional editing in the paramyxoviral phosphoprotein gene. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab028. [PMID: 34141448 PMCID: PMC8204654 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoprotein gene of the paramyxoviruses encodes multiple protein products. The P, V, and W proteins are generated by transcriptional slippage. This process results in the insertion of non-templated guanosine nucleosides into the mRNA at a conserved edit site. The P protein is an essential component of the viral RNA polymerase and is encoded by a faithful copy of the gene in the majority of paramyxoviruses. However, in some cases, the non-essential V protein is encoded by default and guanosines must be inserted into the mRNA in order to encode P. The number of guanosines inserted into the P gene can be described by a probability distribution, which varies between viruses. In this article, we review the nature of these distributions, which can be inferred from mRNA sequencing data, and reconstruct the evolutionary history of cotranscriptional editing in the paramyxovirus family. Our model suggests that, throughout known history of the family, the system has switched from a P default to a V default mode four times; complete loss of the editing system has occurred twice, the canonical zinc finger domain of the V protein has been deleted or heavily mutated a further two times, and the W protein has independently evolved a novel function three times. Finally, we review the physical mechanisms of cotranscriptional editing via slippage of the viral RNA polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Douglas
- Centre for Computational Evolution, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Alexei J Drummond
- Centre for Computational Evolution, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Richard L Kingston
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Meng Q, He J, Zhong L, Zhao Y. Advances in the Study of Antitumour Immunotherapy for Newcastle Disease Virus. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2294-2302. [PMID: 33967605 PMCID: PMC8100649 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the preclinical research, clinical application and development of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in the field of cancer therapy. Based on the distinctive antitumour properties of NDV and its positive interaction with the patient's immune system, this biologic could be considered a major breakthrough in cancer treatment. On one hand, NDV infection creates an inflammatory environment in the tumour microenvironment, which can directly activate NK cells, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and promote the recruitment of immune cells. On the other hand, NDV can induce the upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules, which may break immune tolerance and immune checkpoint blockade resistance. In fact, clinical data have shown that NDV combined with immune checkpoint blockade can effectively enhance the antitumour response, leading to the regression of local tumours and distant tumours when injected, and this effect is further enhanced by targeted manipulation and modification of the NDV genome. At present, recombinant NDV and recombinant NDV combined with immune checkpoint blockers have entered different stages of clinical trials. Based on these studies, further research on NDV is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxing Meng
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian He
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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10
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Hassanin O, Abdallah F, Ali HA, AlGabr N, Mohamed MHA. Different kinetics of chicken interferon-alpha signalling transduction responses following immunization of broiler chickens with different Newcastle disease virus vaccines and infection with virulent genotype VIId strain. Avian Pathol 2020; 50:85-97. [PMID: 33146541 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1841885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious and notifiable avian disease leading to grave economic losses in the poultry industry. Although the immune responses against NDV have been widely investigated, little is known regarding the virus interaction with the host innate immune responses. In this study, we tested the effect of different commercially applied Newcastle disease vaccines as well as virulent NDV genotype VIId on the expression pattern of the upstream regulator and downstream effector genes related to chicken interferon-alpha (chIFNα) signalling transduction pathway. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, mild transient induction of chIFNα-inducible genes was detected in bird spleen 72 h post-vaccination (hpv) with either live LaSota (respiratory) or VG/GA (enteric) strains. Vaccination with the enteric VG/GA strain led to stimulation of the investigated pathway as early as 24 hpv which continued up to 7 days in bird caecal tonsils. Subcutaneous injection with inactivated LaSota oil adjuvant-based vaccine led to continual stimulation of the investigated pathway up to 7 days post-vaccination (dpv). The recombinant herpesvirus of turkey (rHVT) - NDV vaccine led to remarkable stimulation of all the tested cytokines up to 17 dpv in comparison with LaSota and VG/GA NDV vaccines. Stronger but transient activation of all the tested cytokines was detected in spleens during the first 24 h post-challenge with virulent NDV (vNDV) which reduced gradually and diminished later due to the virus-induced lymphocytic depletion. This study will aid in the discovery of new approaches to control NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Hassanin
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abdallah
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Haytham A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif AlGabr
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Mahmoud H A Mohamed
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Jadhav A, Zhao L, Liu W, Ding C, Nair V, Ramos-Onsins SE, Ferretti L. Genomic Diversity and Evolution of Quasispecies in Newcastle Disease Virus Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111305. [PMID: 33202558 PMCID: PMC7698180 DOI: 10.3390/v12111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infections are well known to harbour quasispecies, due to the error-prone nature of the RNA polymerase. Quasispecies variants in the fusion cleavage site of the virus are known to significantly change its virulence. However, little is known about the genomic patterns of diversity and selection in NDV viral swarms. We analyse deep sequencing data from in vitro and in vivo NDV infections to uncover the genomic patterns of diversity and the signatures of selection within NDV swarms. Variants in viruses from in vitro samples are mostly localised in non-coding regions and 3′ and 5′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs or 5′UTRs), while in vivo samples contain an order of magnitude more variants. We find different patterns of genomic divergence and diversity among NDV genotypes, as well as differences in the genomic distribution of intra-host variants among in vitro and in vivo infections of the same strain. The frequency spectrum shows clear signatures of intra-host purifying selection in vivo on the matrix protein (M) coding gene and positive or diversifying selection on nucleocapsid (NP) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN). The comparison between within-host polymorphisms and phylogenetic divergence reveals complex patterns of selective pressure on the NDV genome at between- and within-host level. The M sequence is strongly constrained both between and within hosts, fusion protein (F) coding gene is under intra-host positive selection, and NP and HN show contrasting patterns: HN RNA sequence is positively selected between hosts while its protein sequence is positively selected within hosts, and NP is under intra-host positive selection at the RNA level and negative selection at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Jadhav
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK; (A.J.); (V.N.)
| | - Lele Zhao
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK; (A.J.); (V.N.)
- UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK
| | - Sebastian E. Ramos-Onsins
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.E.R.-O.); (L.F.)
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.E.R.-O.); (L.F.)
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12
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Anjum FR, Anam S, Rahman SU, Ali S, Aslam MA, Rizvi F, Asif M, Abdullah RM, Abaidullah M, Shakir MZ, Goraya MU. Anti-chicken type I IFN countermeasures by major avian RNA viruses. Virus Res 2020; 286:198061. [PMID: 32561378 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chicken type I interferons (type I IFNs) are key antiviral players of the chicken innate immune system and are considered potent antiviral agents against avian viral pathogens. Chicken type I IFNs are divided into three subtypes namely, chIFN-α, chIFN-β, and chIFN-κ. Viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognized by their corresponding specific PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) induce the expression of chicken type I IFNs. Interaction of chicken type I IFNs with their subsequent IFN receptors results in the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, which in turn activates hundreds of chicken interferon-stimulated genes (chISGs). These chISGs establish an antiviral state in neighboring cells and prevent the replication and dissemination of viruses within chicken cells. Chicken type I IFNs activate different pathways that constitute major antiviral innate defense mechanisms in chickens. However, evolutionary mechanisms in viruses have made them resistant to these antiviral players by manipulating host innate immune pathways. This review focuses on the underlying molecular mechanisms employed by avian RNA viruses to counteract chicken type I IFNs and chISGs through different viral proteins. This may help to understand host-pathogen interactions and the development of novel therapeutic strategies to control viral infections in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidra Anam
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ur Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Farzana Rizvi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Abaidullah
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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13
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Rao PL, Gandham RK, Subbiah M. Molecular evolution and genetic variations of V and W proteins derived by RNA editing in Avian Paramyxoviruses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9532. [PMID: 32533018 PMCID: PMC7293227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly assigned subfamily Avulavirinae in the family Paramyxoviridae includes avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) isolated from a wide variety of avian species across the globe. Till date, 21 species of APMVs are reported and their complete genome sequences are available in GenBank. The APMV genome comprises of a single stranded, negative sense, non-segmented RNA comprising six transcriptional units (except APMV-6 with seven units) each coding for a structural protein. Additionally, by co-transcriptional RNA editing of phosphoprotein (P) gene, two mRNAs coding for accessory viral proteins, V and W, are generated along with unedited P mRNA. However, in APMV-11, the unedited mRNA codes for V protein while +2 edited mRNA translates to P protein, similar to members of subfamily Rubulavirinae in the same family. Such RNA editing in paramyxoviruses enables maximizing the coding capacity of their smaller genome. The three proteins of P gene: P, V and W, share identical N terminal but varied C terminal sequences that contribute to their unique functions. Here, we analyzed the P gene editing site, V and W sequences of all 21 APMV species known so far (55 viruses) by using bioinformatics and report their genetic variations and molecular evolution. The variations observed in the sequence and hexamer phase positions of the P gene editing sites is likely to influence the levels and relative proportions of P, V and W proteins' expressions which could explain the differences in the pathogenicity of APMVs. The V protein sequences of APMVs had conserved motifs similar to V proteins of other paramyxoviruses including the seven cysteine residues involved in MDA5 interference, STAT1 degradation and interferon antagonism. Conversely, W protein sequences of APMVs were distinct. High sequence homology was observed in both V and W proteins between strains of the same species than between species except in APMV-3 which was the most divergent APMV species. The estimates of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates suggested negative selection pressure on the V and W proteins within species indicating their low evolution rate. The molecular clock analysis revealed higher conservation of V protein sequence compared to W protein indicating the important role played by V protein in viral replication, pathogenesis and immune evasion. However, we speculate the genetic diversity of W proteins could impact the degree of pathogenesis, variable interferon antagonistic activity and the wide host range exhibited by APMV species. Phylogenetically, V proteins of APMVs clustered into three groups similar to the recent classification of APMVs into three new genera while no such pattern could be deciphered in the analysis of W proteins except that strains of same species grouped together. This is the first comprehensive study describing in detail the genetic variations and the molecular evolution of P gene edited, accessory viral proteins of Avian paramyxoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Madhuri Subbiah
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India.
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14
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Meyer M, Yoshida A, Ramanathan P, Saphire EO, Collins PL, Crowe JE, Samal S, Bukreyev A. Antibody Repertoires to the Same Ebola Vaccine Antigen Are Differentially Affected by Vaccine Vectors. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1816-1829. [PMID: 30110638 PMCID: PMC6145141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative immune response profiling is important for selecting next-generation vaccines. We comprehensively evaluated the antibody responses from a panel of nine respiratory vaccines against Ebola virus (EBOV) derived from human and avian paramyxoviruses expressing EBOV glycoprotein (GP). Most vaccines were protective in guinea pigs but yielded antibody repertoires that differed in proportion targeting key antigenic regions, avidity, neutralizing antibody specificities, and linear epitope preferences. Competition studies with monoclonal antibodies from human survivors revealed that some epitopes in GP targeted for neutralization were vector dependent, while EBOV-neutralizing titers correlated with the response magnitude toward the receptor-binding domain and GP1/GP2 interface epitopes. While an immunogen determines the breadth of antibody response, distinct vaccine vectors can induce qualitatively different responses, affecting protective efficacy. These data suggest that immune correlates of vaccine protection cannot be generalized for all vaccines against the same pathogen, even if they use the exact same immunogen.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibody Affinity
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Ebola Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Ebola Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Ebola Vaccines/genetics
- Ebolavirus/drug effects
- Ebolavirus/genetics
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Guinea Pigs
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/mortality
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Immune Sera/chemistry
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Meyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Asuka Yoshida
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA
| | - Palaniappan Ramanathan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter L Collins
- RNA Virology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Siba Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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15
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Yang Y, Bu Y, Zhao J, Xue J, Xu G, Song Y, Zhao Y, Yang H, Zhang G. Appropriate amount of W protein of avian avulavirus 1 benefits viral replication and W shows strain-dependent subcellular localization. Virology 2019; 538:71-85. [PMID: 31580973 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to confirm the existence of W protein in Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV-1) infected cells, two monoclonal antibodies were prepared. The presence of W protein in cells infected with lentogenic genotype II strain La Sota or velogenic genotype VII strain SG10 was confirmed with immunofluorescence and western blotting assays. WSG10 localized to the cytoplasm, whereas WLa Sota localized to the nucleus. The influence of W protein was investigated in vitro and in vivo with two AAvV-1 strains defective in the W C-terminus. The growth kinetic curves and pathogenicity tests in 3-week-old SPF chickens both showed that the replication abilities of strains with C-terminally deleted W proteins were lower than that of the parental strain. Restoring the appropriate dose of W protein increased the viral titers of these strains. The expression validation and functional exploration of W protein will facilitate our understanding of pathogenic mechanism of AAvV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yawen Bu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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16
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Wang X, Jia Y, Ren J, Huo N, Liu H, Xiao S, Wang X, Yang Z. Newcastle Disease Virus Nonstructural V Protein Upregulates SOCS3 Expression to Facilitate Viral Replication Depending on the MEK/ERK Pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:317. [PMID: 31552199 PMCID: PMC6748215 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes serious economic losses to the poultry industry. In our previous study, we found that NDV induced a strong innate immune response in the chicken embryo and bursa of Fabricius (BF). However, the underlying mechanisms by which NDV escapes the host innate immunity are not well-understood. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) inhibits the type I interferon-dependent antiviral signaling pathway by utilizing a feedback loop. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome data of the chicken embryo and BF infected with NDV and found significant upregulation of SOCS3. Next, we demonstrated that NDV infection and nonstructural V protein induced the up-regulation of SOCS3. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of SOCS3 facilitated viral replication and reduced the expression of phosphorylation STAT1, MX1, and OASL, while inhibition of SOCS3 with siRNAs reduced virus replication and promoted the expression of phosphorylation STAT1, MX1, and OASL. Finally, we demonstrated that the MEK/ERK signaling pathway was involved in the expression of SOCS3 mediated by NDV infection and V protein transfection, and using specific inhibitor U0126 to block this signaling pathway attenuated SOCS3 expression and inhibited NDV replication through promoting the expression of type I interferon, OASL and MX1. Taken together, these data demonstrate that NDV infection and NDV nonstructural V protein activates the expression of SOCS3 at the mRNA and protein level through a mechanism dependent on the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which benefits virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanqing Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juan Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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17
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Schirrmacher V, van Gool S, Stuecker W. Breaking Therapy Resistance: An Update on Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Improvements of Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030066. [PMID: 31480379 PMCID: PMC6783952 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy is a major obstacle to cancer treatment. It may exist from the beginning, or it may develop during therapy. The review focusses on oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a biological agent with potential to break therapy resistance. This avian virus combines, upon inoculation into non-permissive hosts such as human, 12 described anti-neoplastic effects with 11 described immune stimulatory properties. Fifty years of clinical application of NDV give witness to the high safety profile of this biological agent. In 2015, an important milestone was achieved, namely the successful production of NDV according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Based on this, IOZK in Cologne, Germany, obtained a GMP certificate for the production of a dendritic cell vaccine loaded with tumor antigens from a lysate of patient-derived tumor cells together with immunological danger signals from NDV for intracutaneous application. This update includes single case reports and retrospective analyses from patients treated at IOZK. The review also presents future perspectives, including the concept of in situ vaccination and the combination of NDV or other oncolytic viruses with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefaan van Gool
- Immune-Oncological Center Cologne (IOZK), D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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18
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Zhao J, Liu C, Zhang J, Huang X, Zhang G. Cytokine expression in chicken embryo fibroblasts in response to infection with virulent or lentogenic avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV-1). Microb Pathog 2019; 133:103556. [PMID: 31128172 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate cytokine expression in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, a virulent avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV-1) strain called SG10 that rapidly causes 100% mortality in its host, and a vaccine strain (La Sota) were characterized. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed on RNA samples from CEF cells, which were collected at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post-infection. The dynamic expression patterns of ten cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15 and IL-18) were investigated. The results showed that infection with lentogenic La Sota induced significantly higher levels of the antiviral cytokines IFN-α and IFN-β, proinflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-15 and IL-18, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, than did infection with virulent SG10. Furthermore, the SG10 strain induced dramatically higher levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 than those observed in cells infected with La Sota. However, the expression patterns of the other cytokines that were tested did not show any obvious trends or statistically significant differences between cells infected with the virulent and avirulent strains. These data show that infection with lentogenic La Sota induced more effective immune responses and anti-viral effects than did infection with virulent SG10 in CEFs. Our data provide distinct expression patterns of IFNs and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines to AAvV-1 by virulence in CEF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Beijing Huadu Yukou Poultry Company Limited, Beijing, 101206, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiuying Huang
- Beijing Huadu Yukou Poultry Company Limited, Beijing, 101206, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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19
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Karsunke J, Heiden S, Murr M, Karger A, Franzke K, Mettenleiter TC, Römer-Oberdörfer A. W protein expression by Newcastle disease virus. Virus Res 2019; 263:207-216. [PMID: 30769123 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Differential editing of transcripts from the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) phosphoprotein gene results in mRNAs capable of encoding the phosphoprotein (P), the V protein, and the W protein which share a common N-terminus but specify different C-termini. Whereas the expression and viral incorporation of the P - and V proteins by NDV has been documented, evidence for the existence of a W protein was lacking. To analyze expression of the NDV W protein, two peptides encompassing predicted antigenic sites of the unique C-terminal W protein amino acid sequence of NDV Clone 30 were used for the generation of W-specific rabbit antisera. One of them detected plasmid-expressed W protein and identified W protein after infection by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. W protein was absent in cells infected by a newly generated recombinant NDV lacking W protein expression. Furthermore, Western blot and mass spectrometric analyses indicated the incorporation of W protein into viral particles. Confocal microscopic analyses of infected cells revealed nuclear accumulation of W protein that could be attributed to a bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) within its unique C-terminal part. Redistribution of the W protein to the cytoplasm within transfected cells confirmed functionality of the NLS after mutation of its two basic clusters. This finding was additionally corroborated in cells infected with a recombinant virus expressing the mutated W protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karsunke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandra Heiden
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Magdalena Murr
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kati Franzke
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angela Römer-Oberdörfer
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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20
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Wang X, Dang R, Yang Z. The interferon antagonistic activities of the V proteins of NDV correlated with their virulence. Virus Genes 2019; 55:233-237. [PMID: 30706195 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein V of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) serves as interferon (IFN) antagonist, and NDV stains with different pathogenicity show different abilities in inhibition IFN expression. To further reveal the relationship between viral virulence and their IFN-antagonistic activity derived from protein V, six NDV strains with three different pathotypes were used in this study and their V gene were cloned into eukaryotic expression vector. The V gene derived from different NDV strains were expressed in same level in cells after transfection according to the results from Western blotting. And these proteins showed different interferon-antagonistic activities based on interferon expression using Luciferase Reporter Assay and ELISA. The expression of IFN and viral virulence index, mean death time, have a good linear relationship indicating a good correlation between viral virulence and IFN antagonism of their V Protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiyi Dang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Wang W, Cheng X, Buske PJ, Suzich JA, Jin H. Attenuate Newcastle disease virus by codon modification of the glycoproteins and phosphoprotein genes. Virology 2019; 528:144-151. [PMID: 30616204 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A codon modification strategy was used to attenuate the avian pathogenicity of an oncolytic mesogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by targeting the three major virulence factors: the fusion (F) protein, hemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) and phosphoprotein (P). Recoding the F and HN genes with rare codons greatly reduced expression of both F and HN proteins and resulted in their low incorporation into virions. The F and HN recoded virus was partially attenuated in chickens even when the F protein cleavage site was modified. Full attenuation was achieved when the 5' portion of the P gene was recoded. The recoded P, F and HN triple gene mutant exhibited delayed cell death in human cancer cells with prolonged expression of a GFP transgene. While this engineered attenuated NDV strain has lower oncolytic potency, its capacity for prolonged transgene expression may allow its use as a vaccine or gene delivery vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Wang
- MedImmune LLC, 121 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xing Cheng
- MedImmune LLC, 121 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Buske
- MedImmune LLC, 121 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Hong Jin
- MedImmune LLC, 121 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Wang C, Chu Z, Liu W, Pang Y, Gao X, Tang Q, Ma J, Lu K, Adam FEA, Dang R, Xiao S, Wang X, Yang Z. Newcastle disease virus V protein inhibits apoptosis in DF-1 cells by downregulating TXNL1. Vet Res 2018; 49:102. [PMID: 30290847 PMCID: PMC6389150 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viral proteins are related to suppressing apoptosis in target cells and are hence beneficial to viral replication. The V protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one such protein that plays an important role in inhibiting apoptosis in a species-specific manner. However, to date, there have been no reports clarifying the antiapoptotic mechanisms of the V protein. The present study was undertaken to determine the apoptotic potential of the V protein in a chicken embryo fibroblast cell line (DF-1 cell) and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms of action. Here, a yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen the host proteins that interact with the V protein and identified thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1) as a potential binding partner. Immuno-colocalization of V protein and TXNL1 protein in DF-1 cells further verified the interaction of the two proteins. Through the overexpression of TXNL1 protein and knockdown of TXNL1 protein in DF-1 cells, the effects of NDV replication and cell apoptosis were examined. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) and Western blotting. NDV expression was detected by Q-PCR and plaque assay. The results revealed that the TXNL1 protein induced apoptosis and inhibited NDV replication in DF-1 cells. Furthermore, the Western blot and Q-PCR results suggested that TXNL1 induced cell apoptosis through a pathway involving Bcl-2\Bax and Caspase-3. Finally, this work provides insight into the mechanism by which the V protein inhibits apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhili Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Wenkai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yu Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Qiuxia Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jiangang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Kejia Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Fathalrhman E. A. Adam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, P.O Box: 155, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Ruyi Dang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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Chu Z, Wang C, Tang Q, Shi X, Gao X, Ma J, Lu K, Han Q, Jia Y, Wang X, Adam FEA, Liu H, Xiao S, Wang X, Yang Z. Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Inhibits Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Viral Replication by Targeting CacyBP/SIP. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:304. [PMID: 30234028 PMCID: PMC6130229 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been classified by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as a notable disease-causing virus, and this virus has the ability to infect a wide range of birds. V protein is a non-structural protein of NDV. V protein has been reported to inhibit cell apoptosis (Park et al., 2003a) and promote viral replication (Huang et al., 2003), however, the mechanisms of action of V protein have not been elucidated. In the present study, a yeast two-hybrid screen was performed, and V protein was found to interact with the CacyBP/SIP protein. The results of co-immunoprecipitation and immuno-colocalization assays confirmed the interaction between V protein and CacyBP/SIP. The results of quantitative-PCR and viral plaque assays showed that overexpression of CacyBP/SIP inhibited viral replication in DF-1 cells. Overexpression of CacyBP/SIP in DF-1 cells induced caspase3-dependent apoptosis. The effect of knocking down CacyBP/SIP by siRNA was the opposite of that observed upon overexpression. Moreover, it is known that NDV induces cell apoptosis via multiple caspase-dependent pathways. Furthermore, V protein inhibited cell apoptosis and downregulated CacyBP/SIP expression in DF-1 cells. Taken together, the findings of the current study indicate that V protein interacts with CacyBP/SIP, thereby regulating cell apoptosis and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Chu
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Caiying Wang
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiuxia Tang
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiangang Ma
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kejia Lu
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qingsong Han
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanqing Jia
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fathalrhman Eisa Addoma Adam
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Haijin Liu
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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24
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Li J, Meng C, Ren T, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Xu S, Sun Y, Tan L, Song C, Liao Y, Nair V, Munir M, Ding Z, Liu X, Qiu X, Ding C. Production, characterization, and epitope mapping of a monoclonal antibody against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus V protein. J Virol Methods 2018; 260:88-97. [PMID: 30026051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) V protein is crucial for viral interferon (IFN) antagonism and virulence, determining its host range restriction. However, little information is available on the B cell epitopes of V protein and the subcellular movement of V protein in the process of NDV infection. In this study, the monoclonal antibody (mAb) clone 3D7 against genotype VII NDV V protein was generated by immunizing mice with a purified recombinant His-tagged carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) region of V protein. Fine epitope mapping analysis and B-cell epitope prediction indicated that mAb 3D7 recognized a linear epitope 152RGPAELWK159, which is located in the V protein CTD region. Sequence alignment showed that the mAb clone 3D7-recognized epitope is highly conserved among Class II genotype VII NDV strains, but not among other genotypes, suggesting it could serve as a genetic marker to differentiate NDV genotypes. Furthermore, the movement of V protein during NDV replication in infected cells were determined by using this mAb. It was found that V protein localized around the nucleus during virus replication. The establishment of V protein-specific mAb and identification of its epitope extend our understanding of the antigenic characteristics of V protein and provide a basis for the development of epitope-based diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yaodan Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Weifeng Yuan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Shuqin Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | | | | | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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25
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Zhang P, Ding Z, Liu X, Chen Y, Li J, Tao Z, Fei Y, Xue C, Qian J, Wang X, Li Q, Stoeger T, Chen J, Bi Y, Yin R. Enhanced Replication of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken Macrophages Is due to Polarized Activation of Cells by Inhibition of TLR7. Front Immunol 2018; 9:366. [PMID: 29670609 PMCID: PMC5893744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by infections with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is one of the most important infectious disease affecting wild, peridomestic, and domestic birds worldwide. Vaccines constructed from live, low-virulence (lentogenic) viruses are the most accepted prevention and control strategies for combating ND in poultry across the globe. Avian macrophages are one of the first cell lines of defense against microbial infection, responding to signals in the microenvironment. Although macrophages are considered to be one of the main target cells for NDV infection in vivo, very little is known about the ability of NDV to infect chicken macrophages, and virulence mechanisms of NDV as well as the polarized activation patterns of macrophages and correlation with viral infection and replication. In the present study, a cell culture model (chicken bone marrow macrophage cell line HD11) and three different virulence and genotypes of NDV (including class II virulent NA-1, class II lentogenic LaSota, and class I lentogenic F55) were used to solve the above underlying questions. Our data indicated that all three NDV strains had similar replication rates during the early stages of infection. Virulent NDV titers were shown to increase compared to the other lentogenic strains, and this growth was associated with a strong upregulation of both pro-inflammatory M1-like markers/cytokines and anti-inflammatory M2-like markers/cytokines in chicken macrophages. Virulent NDV was found to block toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 expression, inducing higher expression of type I interferons in chicken macrophages at the late stage of viral infection. Only virulent NDV replication can be inhibited by pretreatment with TLR7 ligand. Overall, this study demonstrated that virulent NDV activates a M1-/M2-like mixed polarized activation of chicken macrophages by inhibition of TLR7, resulting in enhanced replication compared to lentogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingze Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junjiao Li
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Tao
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yidong Fei
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Xue
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renfu Yin
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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26
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Yadav K, Pathak DC, Saikia DP, Debnath A, Ramakrishnan S, Dey S, Chellappa MM. Generation and evaluation of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus strain R2B with an altered fusion protein cleavage site as a vaccine candidate. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:230-237. [PMID: 29578068 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and fatal disease of chickens. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain R2B is an Indian mesogenic strain used for secondary vaccination in chickens. Mesogenic strains have increased virulence and immunogenicity but may cause disease in vaccinated birds, thus rendering them ineffective for use. In this study, we generated a recombinant NDV by changing the fusion protein cleavage site of mesogenic rNDV-R2B from a polybasic amino acid motif RRQKRF to a dibasic amino acid motif GRQGRL leading to generation of an attenuated virus, rNDV-R2B-FPCS. The modified recombinant virus had similar growth characteristics as rNDV-R2B, but was less virulent in susceptible chickens. Immunization of the recombinant attenuated virus to one week of age SPF chickens generated a protective immune response with a substantial reduction in virus shed after challenge with virulent NDV. The results of the study indicate that the modified rNDV-R2B-FPCS virus can be used for primary immunization in birds without any adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Yadav
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122 (UP), India
| | - Dinesh C Pathak
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122 (UP), India
| | - Deep Prakash Saikia
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122 (UP), India
| | - Ashis Debnath
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122 (UP), India
| | - Saravanan Ramakrishnan
- Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122 (UP), India
| | - Sohini Dey
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122 (UP), India.
| | - Madhan Mohan Chellappa
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122 (UP), India.
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27
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Zhao N, Grund C, Beer M, Harder TC. Engineered recombinant protein products of the avian paramyxovirus type-1 nucleocapsid and phosphoprotein genes for serological diagnosis. Virol J 2018; 15:8. [PMID: 29325564 PMCID: PMC5765633 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV, avian Avulavirus-1, APMV-1) induces a highly contagious and lethal systemic disease in gallinaceous poultry. APMV-1 antibody detection is used for surveillance and to control vaccination, but is hampered by cross-reactivity to other subtypes of avian Avulaviruses. Data are lacking concerning the applicability of NDV V proteins as differential diagnostic marker to distinguish vaccinated from virus-infected birds (DIVA strategy). Methods Full length and C-terminally truncated nucleocapsid (NP) protein, and the unique C-terminal regions of the phospho- (P) and V proteins of the NDV LaSota strain were bacterially expressed as fusion proteins with the multimerization domain of the human C4 binding protein, and used as diagnostic antigens in indirect ELISA. Results When used as diagnostic antigen in indirect ELISAs, recombinant full-length proved to be a sensitive target to detect seroconversion in chickens after APMV-1 vaccination and infection, but revealed some degree of cross reactivity with sera raised against other APMV subtypes. Cross reactivity was abolished but also sensitivity decreased when employing a C-terminal fragment of the NP of NDV as diagnostic antigen. Antibodies to the NDV V protein were mounted in poultry following NDV infection but also, albeit at lower rates and titers, after vaccination with attenuated NDV vaccines. V-specific seroconversion within the flock was incomplete and titers in individual bird transient. Conclusions Indirect ELISA based on bacterially expressed recombinant full-length NP compared favorably with a commercial NDV ELISA based on whole virus antigen, but cross reactivity between the NP proteins of different APMV subtypes could compromise specificity. However, specificity increased when using a less conserved C-terminal fragment of NP instead. Moreover, a serological DIVA strategy built on the NDV V protein was not feasible due to reduced immunogenicity of the V protein and frequent use of live-attenuated NDV vaccines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-0924-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Grund
- The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Timm C Harder
- The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany.
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28
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Schirrmacher V. Immunobiology of Newcastle Disease Virus and Its Use for Prophylactic Vaccination in Poultry and as Adjuvant for Therapeutic Vaccination in Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051103. [PMID: 28531117 PMCID: PMC5455011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide. In the last decades, molecular research has gained a lot of new information about its causative agent, newcastledisease virus (NDV). In poultry industry, certain strains of NDV have been used for preventive vaccination for more than 60 years. NDV has also been applied to cancer patients with beneficial effects for about 50 years, but this is less well known. The molecular basis for these differential effects of NDV in birds and man have been elucidated in the last decades and are explained in this review. The anti-neoplastic and immune-stimulatory properties in non-permissive hosts such as mouse and man have to do with the strong type I interferon responses induced in these foreign species. Additionally, NDV has the potential to break various types of tumor resistances and also to affect liver fibrosis. A main section is devoted to the benefits of clinical application of NDV and NDV-based vaccines to cancer patients. Reverse genetics technology allowed developing NDV into a vector suitable for gene therapy. Examples will be provided in which genetically engineered NDV is being used successfully as vector against new emerging viruses.
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29
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Thampaisarn R, Bui VN, Trinh DQ, Nagai M, Mizutani T, Omatsu T, Katayama Y, Gronsang D, Le DHT, Ogawa H, Imai K. Characterization of avian paramyxovirus serotype 14, a novel serotype, isolated from a duck fecal sample in Japan. Virus Res 2016; 228:46-57. [PMID: 27884627 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A hemagglutinating virus isolate designated 11OG0352, was obtained from a duck fecal sample. Genetic and virological analyses indicated that it might represent a novel serotype of avian paramyxovirus (APMV). Electron micrographs showed that the morphology of the virus particle was similar to that of APMV. The complete genome of this virus comprised 15,444 nucleotides complying with the paramyxovirus "rule of six" and contains six open reading frames (3'-N-P-M-F-HN-L-5'). The phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome revealed that the virus was a member of the genus Avulavirus, but that it was distinct from APMV-1 to APMV-13. Although the F-protein cleavage site was TREGK↓L, which resembles a lentogenic strain of APMV-1, the K residue at position -1 of the cleavage site was first discovered in APMV members. The phosphoprotein gene of isolate 11OG0352 contains a putative RNA editing site, 3'-AUUUUCCC-5' (negative sense) which sequence differs from that of other APMVs. The intracerebral pathogenicity index test did not detect virulence in infected chicks. In hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests, an antiserum against this virus did not detectably react with other APMVs (serotypes 1-4, 6-9) except for low reciprocal cross-reactivity with APMV-6. We designated this isolate, as APMV-14/duck/Japan/11OG0352/2011 and propose that it is a novel APMV serotype. The HI test may not be widely applicable for the classification of a new serotype because of the limited availability of reference antisera against all serotypes and cross-reactivity data. The nucleotide sequence identities of the whole genome of 11OG0352 and other APMVs ranged from 46.3% to 56.1%. Such comparison may provide a useful tool for classifying new APMV isolates. However, the nucleotide sequence identity between APMV-12 and APMV-13 was higher (64%), which was nearly identical to the lowest nucleotide identity (67%) reported in subgroups within the serotype. Therefore, consensus criteria for using whole genome analysis should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeewan Thampaisarn
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Vuong N Bui
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dai Q Trinh
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Dulyatad Gronsang
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Duong H T Le
- Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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30
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Genetic Modification of Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Cancer Therapy. J Virol 2016; 90:5343-5352. [PMID: 27009956 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00136-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Clinical development of a mesogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as an oncolytic agent for cancer therapy has been hampered by its select agent status due to its pathogenicity in avian species. Using reverse genetics, we have generated a lead candidate oncolytic NDV based on the mesogenic NDV-73T strain that is no longer classified as a select agent for clinical development. This recombinant NDV has a modification at the fusion protein (F) cleavage site to reduce the efficiency of F protein cleavage and an insertion of a 198-nucleotide sequence into the HN-L intergenic region, resulting in reduced viral gene expression and replication in avian cells but not in mammalian cells. In mammalian cells, except for viral polymerase (L) gene expression, viral gene expression is not negatively impacted or increased by the HN-L intergenic insertion. Furthermore, the virus can be engineered to express a foreign gene while still retaining the ability to grow to high titers in cell culture. The recombinant NDV selectively replicates in and kills tumor cells and is able to drive potent tumor growth inhibition following intratumoral or intravenous administration in a mouse tumor model. The candidate is well positioned for clinical development as an oncolytic virus. IMPORTANCE Avian paramyxovirus type 1, NDV, has been an attractive oncolytic agent for cancer virotherapy. However, this virus can cause epidemic disease in poultry, and concerns about the potential environmental and economic impact of an NDV outbreak have precluded its clinical development. Here we describe generation and characterization of a highly potent oncolytic NDV variant that is unlikely to cause Newcastle disease in its avian host, representing an essential step toward moving NDV forward as an oncolytic agent. Several attenuation mechanisms have been genetically engineered into the recombinant NDV that reduce chicken pathogenicity to a level that is acceptable worldwide without impacting viral production in cell culture. The selective tumor replication of this recombinant NDV, both in vitro and in vivo, along with efficient tumor cell killing makes it an attractive oncolytic virus candidate that may provide clinical benefit to patients.
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Qiu X, Fu Q, Meng C, Yu S, Zhan Y, Dong L, Song C, Sun Y, Tan L, Hu S, Wang X, Liu X, Peng D, Liu X, Ding C. Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Targets Phosphorylated STAT1 to Block IFN-I Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148560. [PMID: 26859759 PMCID: PMC4747598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) V protein is considered as an effector for IFN antagonism, however, the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the expression of STAT1 and phospho-STAT1 in cells infected with NDV or transfected with V protein-expressing plasmids were analyzed. Our results showed that NDV V protein targets phospho-STAT1 reduction in the cells depends on the stimulation of IFN-α. In addition, a V-deficient genotype VII recombinant NDV strain rZJ1-VS was constructed using reverse genetic technique to confirm the results. The rZJ1-VS lost the ability to reduce phospho-STAT1 and induced higher expression of IFN-responsive genes in infected cells. Furthermore, treatment with an ubiquitin E1 inhibitor PYR-41 demonstrated that phospho-STAT1 reduction was caused by degradation, but not de-phosphorylation. We conclude that NDV V protein targets phospho-STAT1 degradation to block IFN-α signaling, which adds novel knowledge to the strategies used by paramyxoviruses to evade IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Luna Dong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XFL); (CD)
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XFL); (CD)
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Hao H, Chen S, Liu P, Ren S, Gao X, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang S, Yang Z. Genetic variation in V gene of class II Newcastle disease virus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 37:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Costa-Hurtado M, Afonso CL, Miller PJ, Shepherd E, Cha RM, Smith D, Spackman E, Kapczynski DR, Suarez DL, Swayne DE, Pantin-Jackwood MJ. Previous infection with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus reduces highly pathogenic avian influenza virus replication, disease, and mortality in chickens. Vet Res 2015; 46:97. [PMID: 26394750 PMCID: PMC4579609 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are two of the most important viruses affecting poultry worldwide and produce co-infections especially in areas of the world where both viruses are endemic; but little is known about the interactions between these two viruses. The objective of this study was to determine if co-infection with NDV affects HPAIV replication in chickens. Only infections with virulent NDV strains (mesogenic Pigeon/1984 or velogenic CA/2002), and not a lentogenic NDV strain (LaSota), interfered with the replication of HPAIV A/chicken/Queretaro/14588-19/95 (H5N2) when the H5N2 was given at a high dose (106.9 EID50) two days after the NDV inoculation, but despite this interference, mortality was still observed. However, chickens infected with the less virulent mesogenic NDV Pigeon/1984 strain three days prior to being infected with a lower dose (105.3–5.5 EID50) of the same or a different HPAIV, A/chicken/Jalisco/CPA-12283-12/2012 (H7N3), had reduced HPAIV replication and increased survival rates. In conclusion, previous infection of chickens with virulent NDV strains can reduce HPAIV replication, and consequently disease and mortality. This interference depends on the titer of the viruses used, the virulence of the NDV, and the timing of the infections. The information obtained from these studies helps to understand the possible interactions and outcomes of infection (disease and virus shedding) when HPAIV and NDV co-infect chickens in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Costa-Hurtado
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Patti J Miller
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Eric Shepherd
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Ra Mi Cha
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Diane Smith
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Erica Spackman
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Darrell R Kapczynski
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - David L Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - David E Swayne
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Mary J Pantin-Jackwood
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
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Newcastle disease virus: current status and our understanding. Virus Res 2014; 184:71-81. [PMID: 24589707 PMCID: PMC7127793 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the highly pathogenic viral diseases of avian species. ND is economically significant because of the huge mortality and morbidity associated with it. The disease is endemic in many third world countries where agriculture serves as the primary source of national income. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and is well characterized member among the avian paramyxovirus serotypes. In recent years, NDV has lured the virologists not only because of its pathogenic potential, but also for its oncolytic activity and its use as a vaccine vector for both humans and animals. The NDV based recombinant vaccine offers a pertinent choice for the construction of live attenuated vaccine due to its modular nature of transcription, minimum recombination frequency, and lack of DNA phase during replication. Our current understanding about the NDV biology is expanding rapidly because of the availability of modern molecular biology tools and high-throughput complete genome sequencing.
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Liu K, Ma Y, Wang J, Mu H, Gao C, Yang C, Liu J. Complete genome sequencing and analysis of an anti-tumor Newcastle disease virus strain. Gene 2013; 525:47-57. [PMID: 23664979 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
HBNU/LSRC/F3, a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain stored in our lab, exhibited an anti-tumor ability in our previous studies. Nonetheless, very little is known about its genome sequence, which is vital for further study. Here, the complete HBNU/LSRC/F3 genome was fully sequenced and compared with other NDV sequences. Its genome contained 15,192 nucleotides (nt) consisting of two termini and six genes in the following order: 3'-Le-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-Tr-5'. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that this NDV strain belonged to the Class II genotype IX group. A multibasic amino acid (aa) sequence was found at the cleavage site ((112)RRQRR↓F(117)) within the fusion (F) protein, and a 6 nt insertion was present in the 5' non-coding region of the NP gene. The whole genome sequence was highly similar to other genotype IX NDV genomes reported in China. Overall, this study provides insight into the sequence characteristics of genotype IX NDVs, which will be useful for subsequent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Liu
- Life Science Research Center, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, PR China.
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Biswas M, Kumar SR, Allen A, Yong W, Nimmanapalli R, Samal SK, Elankumaran S. Cell-type-specific innate immune response to oncolytic Newcastle disease virus. Viral Immunol 2012; 25:268-76. [PMID: 22808996 PMCID: PMC3413068 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2012.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Virotherapy of cancer exploits the potential of naturally occurring and engineered oncolytic viruses to selectively replicate in and cause cytotoxicity to tumor cells without affecting healthy normal cells. The tumor selectivity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, depends on the differential type I interferon (IFN) response. Further understanding of the key mechanisms and immune effector molecules involved will aid in augmenting the oncolytic properties of NDV. Here we report on the infection kinetics and innate immune responses to a recombinant LaSota strain of NDV (rLaSota eGFP) in human tumor and normal cells. We observed varying replicative fit and cytotoxicity of rLaSota eGFP depending on the tumor cell type, with severely restricted replication in normal cells. The absence of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), a cytosolic RNA sensor, determined sensitivity to NDV. Productive NDV infection with a moderate IFN-α induction in human multiple myeloma cells suggested a role for IFN-independent mechanisms or lack of type I IFN reinforcement by RIG-I. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were altered differentially in infected normal and tumor cells. Our results suggest that tumor selectivity is dependent on variations in the cellular antiviral response to infection with NDV and RIG-I expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moanaro Biswas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Sandeep R.P. Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Adria Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Wang Yong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | | | - Siba K. Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Subbiah Elankumaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
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Dortmans JCFM, Koch G, Rottier PJM, Peeters BPH. Virulence of Newcastle disease virus: what is known so far? Vet Res 2011; 42:122. [PMID: 22195547 PMCID: PMC3269386 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade many studies have been performed on the virulence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This is mainly due to the development of reverse genetics systems which made it possible to genetically modify NDV and to investigate the contribution of individual genes and genome regions to its virulence. However, the available information is scattered and a comprehensive overview of the factors and conditions determining NDV virulence is lacking. This review summarises, compares and discusses the available literature and shows that virulence of NDV is a complex trait determined by multiple genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos C F M Dortmans
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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