1
|
Zhang J, Wang X, Chen Y, Ye H, Ding S, Zhang T, Liu Y, Li H, Huang L, Qi W, Liao M. Mutational antigenic landscape of prevailing H9N2 influenza virus hemagglutinin spectrum. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113409. [PMID: 37948179 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
H9N2 influenza viruses are globally endemic in birds, and a sharp increase in human infections with H9N2 occurred during 2021 to 2022. In this study, we assess the antigenic and pathogenic impact of 23 hemagglutinin (HA) amino acid mutations. Our study reveals that three specific mutations, labeled R164Q, N166D, and I220T, are responsible for the binding of antibodies with escape mutations. Variants containing R164Q and I220T mutations increase viral replication in avian and mammalian cells. Furthermore, T150A and I220T mutations are found to enhance viral replication in mice, indicating that these mutations may have the potential to adapt mammals. Structure analysis reveals that residues 164 and 220 bearing R164Q and I220T mutations increase interactions with the surrounding residues. Our findings enrich current knowledge about the risk assessment regarding which predominant HA immune-escape mutations of H9N2 viruses may pose the greatest threat to the emergence of pandemics in birds and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hejia Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shiping Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huanan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ming Liao
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee CY, Raghunathan V, Caceres C, Geiger G, Seibert B, Cargnin Faccin F, Gay L, Ferreri L, Kaul D, Wrammert J, Tan G, Perez D, Lowen A. Epistasis reduces fitness costs of influenza A virus escape from stem-binding antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208718120. [PMID: 37068231 PMCID: PMC10151473 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208718120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemagglutinin (HA) stem region is a major target of universal influenza vaccine efforts owing to the presence of highly conserved epitopes across multiple influenza A virus (IAV) strains and subtypes. To explore the potential impact of vaccine-induced immunity targeting the HA stem, we examined the fitness effects of viral escape from stem-binding broadly neutralizing antibodies (stem-bnAbs). Recombinant viruses containing each individual antibody escape substitution showed diminished replication compared to wild-type virus, indicating that stem-bnAb escape incurred fitness costs. A second-site mutation in the HA head domain (N129D; H1 numbering) reduced the fitness effects observed in primary cell cultures and likely enabled the selection of escape mutations. Functionally, this putative permissive mutation increased HA avidity for its receptor. These results suggest a mechanism of epistasis in IAV, wherein modulating the efficiency of attachment eases evolutionary constraints imposed by the requirement for membrane fusion. Taken together, the data indicate that viral escape from stem-bnAbs is costly but highlights the potential for epistatic interactions to enable evolution within the functionally constrained HA stem domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, The Republic of Korea
| | - Vedhika Raghunathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - C. Joaquin Caceres
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Ginger Geiger
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Brittany Seibert
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Flavio Cargnin Faccin
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - L. Claire Gay
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Lucas M. Ferreri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Jens Wrammert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Gene S. Tan
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Emory-University of Georgia Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Atlanta, GA 30322
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Immune Escape Adaptive Mutations in Hemagglutinin Are Responsible for the Antigenic Drift of Eurasian Avian-Like H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses. J Virol 2022; 96:e0097122. [PMID: 35916512 PMCID: PMC9400474 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00971-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous antigenic variation of influenza A viruses remains a major hurdle for vaccine selection; however, the molecular determinants and mechanisms of antigenic change remain largely unknown. In this study, two escape mutants were generated by serial passages of the Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus (EA H1N1 SIV) A/swine/Henan/11/2005 (HeN11) in the presence of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, which were designated HeN11-2B6-P5 and HeN11-4C7-P8, respectively. The HeN11-2B6-P5 mutant simultaneously harbored the N190D and I230M substitutions in HA, whereas HeN11-4C7-P8 harbored the M269R substitution in HA (H3 numbering). The effects of each of these substitutions on viral antigenicity were determined by measuring the neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers with mAbs and polyclonal sera raised against the representative viruses. The results indicate that residues 190 and 269 are key determinants of viral antigenic variation. In particular, the N190D mutation had the greatest antigenic impact, as determined by the HI assay. Further studies showed that both HeN11-2B6-P5 and HeN11-4C7-P8 maintained the receptor-binding specificity of the parent virus, although the single mutation N190D decreased the binding affinity for the human-type receptor. The replicative ability in vitro of HeN11-2B6-P5 was increased, whereas that of HeN11-4C7-P8 was decreased. These findings extend our understanding of the antigenic evolution of influenza viruses under immune pressure and provide insights into the functional effects of amino acid substitutions near the receptor-binding site and the interplay among receptor binding, viral replication, and antigenic drift. IMPORTANCE The antigenic changes that occur continually in the evolution of influenza A viruses remain a great challenge for the effective control of disease outbreaks. Here, we identified three amino acid substitutions (at positions 190, 230, and 269) in the HA of EA H1N1 SIVs that determine viral antigenicity and result in escape from neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. All three of these substitutions have emerged in nature. Of note, residues 190 and 230 have synergistic effects on receptor binding and antigenicity. Our findings provide a better understanding of the functional effects of amino acid substitutions in HA and their consequences for the antigenic drift of influenza viruses.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ryt-Hansen P, Nielsen HG, Sørensen SS, Larsen I, Kristensen CS, Larsen LE. The role of gilts in transmission dynamics of swine influenza virus and impacts of vaccination strategies and quarantine management. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:19. [PMID: 35513878 PMCID: PMC9069814 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with an expanding global swine production, the commercial housing and management of swine herds, provide an optimal environment for constant circulation of swine influenza virus (swIAV), thereby challenging farmers and veterinarian in determining optimal control measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of gilts in the swIAV transmission dynamics, and to evaluate the impact of different control measures such as quarantine and gilt vaccination. METHODS The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study in ten Danish sow herds, including five swIAV vaccinated and five unvaccinated herds. Blood- and nasal swab samples of gilts, first parity sows and their piglets were collected at different stages in the production system (quarantine in/out, mating, gestation and farrowing) and analyzed for the presence of swIAV and swIAV antibodies. Associations between the detection of swIAV, seroprevalence, antibody levels, sow and gilt vaccination strategy and quarantine biosecurity were thereafter investigated to identify possible risk factors for swIAV introductions and persistence within the herds. RESULTS Nine of the ten herds of the study had swIAV circulation and swIAV was detected in the quarantine, mating- and farrowing unit. The prevalence of seropositive gilts and first parity sows was significantly higher in the vaccinated herds, but swIAV was still present in nasal swabs from both gilts, first parity sows and piglets in these herds. Quarantine gilt vaccination and all-in/all-out management resulted in a significant reduction of swIAV positive gilts at the end of the quarantine period. CONCLUSION The results underline that herd vaccination and/or quarantine facilities are crucial to avoid swIAV introductions into sow herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Ryt-Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Henriette Guldberg Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Simon Smed Sørensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Inge Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Erik Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuzmanovska M, Boshevska G, Janchevska E, Buzharova T, Simova M, Peshnacka A, Nikolovska G, Kochinski D, Ilioska RS, Stavridis K, Mikikj V, Kuzmanovska G, Memeti S, Gjorgoski I. A Comprehensive Molecular and Epidemiological Characterization of Influenza Viruses Circulating 2016-2020 in North Macedonia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713408. [PMID: 34745027 PMCID: PMC8567633 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses know no boundaries, representing an example of rapid virus evolution combined with pressure exerted by the host’s immune system. Seasonal influenza causes 4–50 million symptomatic cases in the EU/EEA each year, with a global death toll reaching 650,000 deaths. That being the case, in 2014 North Macedonia introduced the sentinel surveillance in addition to the existing influenza surveillance in order to obtain more precise data on the burden of disease, circulating viruses and to implement timely preventive measures. The aims of this study were to give a comprehensive virological and epidemiological overview of four influenza seasons (2016–2020), assess the frequency and distribution of influenza circulating in North Macedonia and to carry out molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) from ILI and SARI patients. Our results showed that out of 1,632 tested samples, 46.4% were influenza positive, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 accounting for the majority of cases (44%), followed by influenza B (32%) and A(H3N2) (17%). By comparing the sentinel surveillance system to the routine surveillance system, we showed that the newly applied system works efficiently and gives great results in the selection of cases. Statistically significant differences (p = < 0.0000001) were observed when comparing the number of reported ILI cases among patients aged 0–4, 5–14, 15–29, and 30–64 years to the reference age group. The phylogenetic analysis of the HA sequences unveiled the resemblance of mutations circulating seasonally worldwide, with a vast majority of circulating viruses belonging to subclade 6B.1A. The PROVEAN analysis showed that the D187A substitution in the receptor binding site (RBS) of the A(H1N1)pdm09 HA has a deleterious effect on the its function. The A(H3N2) viruses fell into the 3C.2a and 3C.3a throughout the analyzed seasons. Molecular characterization revealed that various substitutions in the A(H3N2) viruses gradually replaced the parental variant in subsequent seasons before becoming the dominant variant. With the introduction of sentinel surveillance, accompanied by the advances made in whole-genome sequencing and vaccine therapeutics, public health officials can now modify their approach in disease management and intervene effectively and in a timely manner to prevent major morbidity and mortality from influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kuzmanovska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | | | - Teodora Buzharova
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Milica Simova
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Aneta Peshnacka
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Gordana Nikolovska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Dragan Kochinski
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Kristina Stavridis
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Vladimir Mikikj
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Shaban Memeti
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Icko Gjorgoski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje, North Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ryt-Hansen P, Krog JS, Breum SØ, Hjulsager CK, Pedersen AG, Trebbien R, Larsen LE. Co-circulation of multiple influenza A reassortants in swine harboring genes from seasonal human and swine influenza viruses. eLife 2021; 10:60940. [PMID: 34313225 PMCID: PMC8397370 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the influenza pandemic in 2009, there has been an increased focus on swine influenza A virus (swIAV) surveillance. This paper describes the results of the surveillance of swIAV in Danish swine from 2011 to 2018. In total, 3800 submissions were received with a steady increase in swIAV-positive submissions, reaching 56% in 2018. Full-genome sequences were obtained from 129 swIAV-positive samples. Altogether, 17 different circulating genotypes were identified including six novel reassortants harboring human seasonal IAV gene segments. The phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial genetic drift and also evidence of positive selection occurring mainly in antigenic sites of the hemagglutinin protein and confirmed the presence of a swine divergent cluster among the H1pdm09Nx (clade 1A.3.3.2) viruses. The results provide essential data for the control of swIAV in pigs and emphasize the importance of contemporary surveillance for discovering novel swIAV strains posing a potential threat to the human population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Ryt-Hansen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Veterinary Institute, Lyngby, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Anders Gorm Pedersen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Erik Larsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Veterinary Institute, Lyngby, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xing L, Chen Y, Chen B, Bu L, Liu Y, Zeng Z, Guan W, Chen Q, Lin Y, Qin K, Chen H, Deng X, Wang X, Song W. Antigenic Drift of the Hemagglutinin from an Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 Clinical Isolate Increases its Pathogenicity In Vitro. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1220-1227. [PMID: 34106413 PMCID: PMC8188537 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus emerged in 2009 and has been continuously circulating in humans for over ten years. Here, we analyzed a clinical influenza A (H1N1) pdm09-infected patient case hospitalized for two months in Guangdong (from December 14, 2019 to February 15, 2020). This isolate, named A/Guangdong/LCF/2019 (LCF/19), was genetically sequenced, rescued by reverse genetics, and phylogenetically analyzed in the context of other relevant pdm09 isolates. Compared with earlier isolates, this pdm09 virus's genetic sequence contains four substitutions, S186P, T188I, D190A, and Q192E, of the hemagglutinin (HA) segment at position 186–192 (H3 numbering) in the epitope Sb, and two of which are located at the 190-helix. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the epitope Sb started undergoing a rapid antigenic change in 2018. To characterize the pathogenicity of this novel substitution motif, a panel of reassortant viruses containing the LCF/2019 HA segment or the chimeric HA segment with the four substitutions were rescued. Kinetic growth data revealed that the reassortant viruses, including the LCF/2019 with the PTIAAQE substitution, propagated faster than those rescued ones having the STTADQQ motif in the epitope Sb in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. The HI test showed that the binding activity of escape mutant to 2018 pdm09 sera was weaker than GLW/2018, suggesting that old vaccines might not effectively protect people from infection. Due to the difference in the selection of vaccine strains, people vaccinated in the southern hemisphere could still suffer a severe infection if infected with this antigenic drift pdm09 virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Boqian Chen
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Ling Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou No.8 People's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhiqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Wenda Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Qigao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yongping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Kun Qin
- China CDC, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xilong Deng
- Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou No.8 People's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China. .,Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China. .,Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| | - Wenjun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China. .,Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Skowronski DM, Zou M, Sabaiduc S, Murti M, Olsha R, Dickinson JA, Gubbay JB, Croxen MA, Charest H, Jassem A, Krajden M, Bastien N, Li Y, De Serres G. Interim estimates of 2019/20 vaccine effectiveness during early-season co-circulation of influenza A and B viruses, Canada, February 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32098644 PMCID: PMC7043051 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.7.2000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interim results from Canada's Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network show that during a season characterised by early co-circulation of influenza A and B viruses, the 2019/20 influenza vaccine has provided substantial protection against medically-attended influenza illness. Adjusted VE overall was 58% (95% confidence interval (CI): 47 to 66): 44% (95% CI: 26 to 58) for A(H1N1)pdm09, 62% (95% CI: 37 to 77) for A(H3N2) and 69% (95% CI: 57 to 77) for influenza B viruses, predominantly B/Victoria lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danuta M Skowronski
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Macy Zou
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Suzana Sabaiduc
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michelle Murti
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthew A Croxen
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hugues Charest
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bastien
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada.,Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tapia R, Torremorell M, Culhane M, Medina RA, Neira V. Antigenic characterization of novel H1 influenza A viruses in swine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4510. [PMID: 32161289 PMCID: PMC7066140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel H1N2 influenza A viruses (IAVs) in swine have been identified in Chile co-circulating with pandemic H1N1 2009-like (A(H1N1)pdm09-like) viruses. The objective of this study was to characterize antigenically the swine H1 IAVs circulating in Chile. Genetic analysis based on the HA1 domain and antigenic analysis by hemagglutination inhibition assay were carried out. Three antigenic clusters were identified, named Chilean H1 A (ChH1A), Chilean H1 B (ChH1B), and A(H1N1)pdm09-like. The antigenic sites of ChH1A and ChH1B strains were 10–60% distant from those of commercial vaccine strains at the amino acid sequence level. Antigenic variants were identified within the clusters ChH1A and A(H1N1)pdm09-like. Substitutions in the main antigenic sites (E153G in Sa, Q193H in Sb, D168N in Ca1, P137S in Ca2, and F71L in Cb) were detected in variants from the ChH1A cluster, whereas only a single substitution in antigenic site Sa (G155E) was detected in variants from A(H1N1)pdm09-like cluster, which confirms the importance to carrying out antigenic analyses in addition to genetic analyses to evaluate control measures such as vaccination. These results highlight the need to update vaccines for swine in Chile and the importance of continued surveillance to determine the onward transmission of antigenic variants in Chilean pig populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Tapia
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile
| | - Montserrat Torremorell
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55108, USA
| | - Marie Culhane
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55108, USA
| | - Rafael A Medina
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile. .,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA.
| | - Víctor Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ryt-Hansen P, Pedersen AG, Larsen I, Kristensen CS, Krog JS, Wacheck S, Larsen LE. Substantial Antigenic Drift in the Hemagglutinin Protein of Swine Influenza A Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020248. [PMID: 32102230 PMCID: PMC7077184 DOI: 10.3390/v12020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of antigenic drift in swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) has historically been regarded as minimal compared to that of human influenza A virus strains. However, as surveillance activities on swIAV have increased, more isolates have been characterized, revealing a high level of genetic and antigenic differences even within the same swIAV lineage. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of genetic drift in one enzootically infected swine herd over one year. Nasal swabs were collected monthly from sows (n = 4) and piglets (n = 40) in the farrowing unit, and from weaners (n = 20) in the nursery. Virus from 1-4 animals were sequenced per month. Analyses of the sequences revealed that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was the main target for genetic drift with a substitution rate of 7.6 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year and evidence of positive selection. The majority of the mutations occurred in the globular head of the HA protein and in antigenic sites. The phylogenetic tree of the HA sequences displayed a pectinate typology, where only a single lineage persists and forms the ancestor for subsequent lineages. This was most likely caused by repeated selection of a single immune-escape variant, which subsequently became the founder of the next wave of infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Ryt-Hansen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 204, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Dpt. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (I.L.); (L.E.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anders Gorm Pedersen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 208, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Inge Larsen
- Dpt. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (I.L.); (L.E.L.)
| | | | - Jesper Schak Krog
- Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;
| | - Silke Wacheck
- Ceva Santé Animale 10 Avenue de la Ballastière, 33500 Libourne, France;
| | - Lars Erik Larsen
- Dpt. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (I.L.); (L.E.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ilyushina NA, Komatsu TE, Ince WL, Donaldson EF, Lee N, O'Rear JJ, Donnelly RP. Influenza A virus hemagglutinin mutations associated with use of neuraminidase inhibitors correlate with decreased inhibition by anti-influenza antibodies. Virol J 2019; 16:149. [PMID: 31783761 PMCID: PMC6884823 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination and the use of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are currently the front lines of defense against seasonal influenza. The activity of influenza vaccines and antivirals drugs such as the NAIs can be affected by mutations in the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Numerous HA substitutions have been identified in nonclinical NAI resistance-selection experiments as well as in clinical specimens from NAI treatment or surveillance studies. These mutations are listed in the prescribing information (package inserts) for FDA-approved NAIs, including oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir. Methods NAI treatment-emergent H1 HA mutations were mapped onto the H1N1 HA1 trimeric crystal structure and most of them localized to the HA antigenic sites predicted to be important for anti-influenza immunity. Recombinant A/California/04/09 (H1N1)-like viruses carrying HA V152I, G155E, S162 N, S183P, and D222G mutations were generated. We then evaluated the impact of these mutations on the immune reactivity and replication potential of the recombinant viruses in a human respiratory epithelial cell line, Calu− 3. Results We found that the G155E and D222G mutations significantly increased viral titers ~ 13-fold compared to the wild-type virus. The hemagglutination and microneutralization activity of goat and ferret antisera, monoclonal antibodies, and human serum samples raised against pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was ~ 100-fold lower against mutants carrying G155E or D222G compared to the wild-type virus. Conclusions Although the mechanism by which HA mutations emerge during NAI treatment is uncertain, some NAI treatment-emergent HA mutations correlate with decreased immunity to influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Ilyushina
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Food and Drug Administration CDER, WO Bldg. 52/72, Room 2105, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| | - Takashi E Komatsu
- Division of Antiviral Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - William L Ince
- Division of Antiviral Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Eric F Donaldson
- Division of Antiviral Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Nicolette Lee
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Food and Drug Administration CDER, WO Bldg. 52/72, Room 2105, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Julian J O'Rear
- Division of Antiviral Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Raymond P Donnelly
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Food and Drug Administration CDER, WO Bldg. 52/72, Room 2105, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ryt-Hansen P, Pedersen AG, Larsen I, Krog JS, Kristensen CS, Larsen LE. Acute Influenza A virus outbreak in an enzootic infected sow herd: Impact on viral dynamics, genetic and antigenic variability and effect of maternally derived antibodies and vaccination. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224854. [PMID: 31725751 PMCID: PMC6855628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly contagious pathogen in pigs. Swine IAV (swIAV) infection causes respiratory disease and is thereby a challenge for animal health, animal welfare and the production economy. In Europe, the most widespread strategy for controlling swIAV is implementation of sow vaccination programs, to secure delivery of protective maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) to the newborn piglets. In this study we report a unique case, where a persistently swIAV (A/sw/Denmark/P5U4/2016(H1N1)) infected herd experienced an acute outbreak with a new swIAV subtype (A/sw/Denmark/HB4280U1/2017(H1N2)) and subsequently decided to implement a mass sow vaccination program. Clinical registrations, nasal swabs and blood samples were collected from four different batches of pigs before and after vaccination. Virus isolation, sequencing of the virus strain and hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) tests were performed on samples collected before and during the outbreak and after implementation of mass sow vaccination. After implementation of the sow mass vaccination, the time of infection was delayed and the viral load significantly decreased. An increased number of pigs, however, tested positive at two consecutive sampling times indicating prolonged shedding. In addition, a significantly smaller proportion of the 10–12 weeks old pigs were seropositive by the end of the study, indicating an impaired induction of antibodies against swIAV in the presence of MDAs. Sequencing of the herd strains revealed major differences in the hemagglutinin gene of the strain isolated before- and during the acute outbreak despite that, the two strains belonged to the same HA lineage. The HI tests confirmed a limited degree of cross-reaction between the two strains. Furthermore, the sequencing results of the hemagglutinin gene obtained before and after implementation of mass sow vaccination revealed an increased substitution rate and an increase in positively selected sites in the globular head of the hemagglutinin after vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Ryt-Hansen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Anders Gorm Pedersen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Inge Larsen
- University of Copenhagen, Dpt. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Schak Krog
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Erik Larsen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Dpt. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ryt-Hansen P, Larsen I, Kristensen CS, Krog JS, Larsen LE. Limited impact of influenza A virus vaccination of piglets in an enzootic infected sow herd. Res Vet Sci 2019; 127:47-56. [PMID: 31677416 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have questioned the effect of maternal derived antibodies (MDAs) to protect piglets against infection with influenza A virus (IAV). The lack of protection against IAV infections provided by MDAs has encouraged alternative vaccination strategies targeting young piglets in an attempt to stimulate an early antibody response. There is a lack of studies documenting the efficacy of piglet vaccination. In the present study, we monitored a group of vaccinated and non-vaccinated piglets in a Danish sow herd that initiated piglet vaccination with ¼ dose of an inactivated swine influenza vaccine at the time of castration (day 3-4). A total of 160 piglets from 11 sows were included and either vaccinated with 0.5 mL inactivated swine influenza vaccine or sham-vaccinated. From week 0 until week 6, all included piglets were clinically examined and nasal swapped once per week and weighed at weeks 0, 3 and 6. Blood samples were collected from sows at week 0 and from piglets at week 3. Vaccination of piglets had limited effect on clinical signs, body weight, antibody development and viral shedding, within the first 6 weeks of life. At least 50% of all pigs of each treatment group tested positive for IAV at week 2, and very early onset of IAV shedding was observed. In total, 18 pigs were IAV positive in nasal swabs for more than one consecutive sampling time indicating prolonged shedding and 14 pigs were IAV positive with negative samplings in between indicating re-infection with the same IAV strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Ryt-Hansen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 204, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Inge Larsen
- Dpt. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Grønnegårdsvej 2, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | | | - Jesper Schak Krog
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 204, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Lars Erik Larsen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 204, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Dpt. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Grønnegårdsvej 2, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Z, Liu Y, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhuang M, Zhang Y, Lv H. Natural Sulforaphane From Broccoli Seeds Against Influenza A Virus Replication in MDCK Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19858221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Limei Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rudneva IA, Timofeeva TA, Mukasheva EA, Ignatieva AV, Shilov AA, Burtseva EI, Timofeev BI, Kaverin NV. Pleiotropic effects of hemagglutinin amino acid substitutions of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus escape mutants. Virus Res 2018; 251:91-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
16
|
Xiang D, Shen X, Pu Z, Irwin DM, Liao M, Shen Y. Convergent Evolution of Human-Isolated H7N9 Avian Influenza A Viruses. J Infect Dis 2018; 217:1699-1707. [PMID: 29438519 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza A virus H7N9 has caused 5 epidemic waves of human infections in China since 2013. Avian influenza A viruses may face strong selection to adapt to novel conditions when establishing themselves in humans. In this study, we sought to determine whether adaptive evolution had occurred in human-isolated H7N9 viruses. METHODS We evaluated all available genomes of H7N9 avian influenza A virus. Maximum likelihood trees were separately reconstructed for all 8 genes. Signals of positive selection and convergent evolution were then detected on branches that lead to changes in host tropism (from avian to human). RESULTS We found that 3 genes had significant signals of positive selection (all of them P < .05). In addition, we detected 34 sites having significant signals for parallel evolution in 8 genes (all of them P < .05), including 7 well-known sites (Q591K, E627K, and D701N in PB2 gene; R156K, V202A, and L244Q in HA; and R289K in NA) that play roles in crossing species barriers for avian influenza A viruses. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that, during infection in humans, H7N9 viruses have undergone adaptive evolution to adapt to their new host environment and that the sites where parallel evolution occurred might play roles in crossing species barriers and respond to the new selection pressures arising from their new host environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
- Shantou University Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejuan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
| | - Zhiqing Pu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
| | - David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
- Shantou University Medical College, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Diversity of antigenic mutants of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus escaped from human monoclonal antibodies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17735. [PMID: 29255273 PMCID: PMC5735164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2017 Southern Hemisphere influenza season, the A(H1N1)pdm09-like virus recommended for use in the vaccine was changed because human, but not ferret, sera distinguish A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated after 2013 from the previously circulating strains. An amino acid substitution, lysine to glutamine, at position 166 (H3 numbering) in the major antigenic site of HA was reported to be responsible for the antigenic drift. Here, we obtained two anti-A(H1N1)pdm09 HA monoclonal antibodies that failed to neutralize viruses isolated after 2013 from a vaccinated volunteer. Escape mutations were identified at position 129, 165, or 166 in the major antigenic site of HA. Competitive growth of the escape mutant viruses with the wild-type virus revealed that some escape mutants possessing an amino acid substitution other than K166Q showed superior growth to that of the wild-type virus. These results suggest that in addition to the K166Q mutation that occurred in epidemic strains, other HA mutations can confer resistance to antibodies that recognize the K166 area, leading to emergence of epidemic strains with such mutations.
Collapse
|
18
|
Retamal M, Abed Y, Rhéaume C, Baz M, Boivin G. In vitro and in vivo evidence of a potential A(H1N1)pdm09 antigenic drift mediated by escape mutations in the haemagglutinin Sa antigenic site. J Gen Virol 2017. [PMID: 28631598 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus continues to circulate worldwide without evidence of significant antigenic drift between 2009 and 2016. By using escape mutants, we previously identified six haemagglutinin (HA) changes (T80R, G143E, G158E, N159D, K166E and A198E) that were located within antigenic sites. Combinations of these mutations were introduced into the A(H1N1)pdm09 HA plasmid by mutagenesis. Reassortant 6 : 2 viruses containing both the HA and NA genes of the A(H1N1)pdm09 and the six internal gene segments of A/PR/8/34 were rescued by reverse genetics. In vitro, HA inhibition and microneutralization assays showed that the HA hexa-mutant reassortant virus (RG1) escaped A(H1N1)pdm09 hyper-immune ferret antiserum recognition. C57Black/6 mice that received the vaccine formulated with A/California/07/09 were challenged with 2×104 p.f.u. of either the 6 : 2 wild-type (WT) or RG1 viruses. Reductions in body weight loss, mortality rate and lung viral titre were observed in immunized animals challenged with the 6 : 2 WT virus compared to non-immunized mice. However, immunization did not protect mice challenged with RG1 virus. To further characterize the mutations causing this antigenic change, 11 additional RG viruses whose HA gene contained single or combinations of mutations were evaluated in vitro. Although the RG1 virus was still the least reactive against hyper-immune serum by HAI testing, mutations G158E and N159D within the Sa antigenic site appeared to play the major role in the altered antigenicity of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. These results show that the Sa antigenic site contains the most prominent epitopes susceptible to cause an antigenic drift, escaping actual vaccine protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Retamal
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases of the CHU of Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yacine Abed
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases of the CHU of Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Rhéaume
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases of the CHU of Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariana Baz
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases of the CHU of Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases of the CHU of Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gaiotto T, Hufton SE. Cross-Neutralising Nanobodies Bind to a Conserved Pocket in the Hemagglutinin Stem Region Identified Using Yeast Display and Deep Mutational Scanning. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164296. [PMID: 27741319 PMCID: PMC5065140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-neutralising monoclonal antibodies against influenza hemagglutinin (HA) are of considerable interest as both therapeutics and diagnostic tools. We have recently described five different single domain antibodies (nanobodies) which share this cross-neutralising activity and suggest their small size, high stability, and cleft binding properties may present distinct advantages over equivalent conventional antibodies. We have used yeast display in combination with deep mutational scanning to give residue level resolution of positions in the antibody-HA interface which are crucial for binding. In addition, we have mapped positions within HA predicted to have minimal effect on antibody binding when mutated. Our cross-neutralising nanobodies were shown to bind to a highly conserved pocket in the HA2 domain of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus overlapping with the fusion peptide suggesting their mechanism of action is through the inhibition of viral membrane fusion. We also note that the epitope overlaps with that of CR6261 and F10 which are human monoclonal antibodies in clinical development as immunotherapeutics. Although all five nanobodies mapped to the same highly conserved binding pocket we observed differences in the size of the epitope footprint which has implications in comparing the relative genetic barrier each nanobody presents to a rapidly evolving influenza virus. To further refine our epitope map, we have re-created naturally occurring mutations within this HA stem epitope and tested their effect on binding using yeast display. We have shown that a D46N mutation in the HA2 stem domain uniquely interferes with binding of R2b-E8. Further testing of this substitution in the context of full length purified HA from 1918 H1N1 pandemic (Spanish flu), 2009 H1N1 pandemic (swine flu) and highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 demonstrated binding which correlated with D46 whereas binding to seasonal H1N1 strains carrying N46 was absent. In addition, our deep sequence analysis predicted that binding to the emerging H1N1 strain (A/Christchurch/16/2010) carrying the HA2-E47K mutation would not affect binding was confirmed experimentally. This demonstrates yeast display, in combination with deep sequencing, may be able to predict antibody reactivity to emerging influenza strains so assisting in the preparation for future influenza pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Gaiotto
- Biotherapeutics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E. Hufton
- Biotherapeutics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li C, Hatta M, Burke DF, Ping J, Zhang Y, Ozawa M, Taft AS, Das SC, Hanson AP, Song J, Imai M, Wilker PR, Watanabe T, Watanabe S, Ito M, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Russell CA, James SL, Skepner E, Maher EA, Neumann G, Klimov AI, Kelso A, McCauley J, Wang D, Shu Y, Odagiri T, Tashiro M, Xu X, Wentworth DE, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Smith DJ, Kawaoka Y. Selection of antigenically advanced variants of seasonal influenza viruses. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16058. [PMID: 27572841 PMCID: PMC5087998 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses mutate frequently, necessitating constant updates of vaccine viruses. To establish experimental approaches that may complement the current vaccine strain selection process, we selected antigenic variants from human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus libraries possessing random mutations in the globular head of the haemagglutinin protein (which includes the antigenic sites) by incubating them with human and/or ferret convalescent sera to human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. We also selected antigenic escape variants from human viruses treated with convalescent sera and from mice that had been previously immunized against human influenza viruses. Our pilot studies with past influenza viruses identified escape mutants that were antigenically similar to variants that emerged in nature, establishing the feasibility of our approach. Our studies with contemporary human influenza viruses identified escape mutants before they caused an epidemic in 2014-2015. This approach may aid in the prediction of potential antigenic escape variants and the selection of future vaccine candidates before they become widespread in nature.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antigenic Variation
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Ferrets/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Evasion
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Mice
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Seasons
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Li
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Masato Hatta
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - David F. Burke
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Modelling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Jihui Ping
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Andrew S. Taft
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Subash C. Das
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Anthony P. Hanson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Jiasheng Song
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Masaki Imai
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Peter R. Wilker
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Colin A. Russell
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Modelling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Sarah L. James
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Modelling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Eugene Skepner
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Modelling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Eileen A. Maher
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Alexander I. Klimov
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30033 Georgia USA
| | - Anne Kelso
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza (VIDRL) at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, 3000 Victoria Australia
| | - John McCauley
- Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Dayan Wang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, 208-0011 Tokyo Japan
| | - Masato Tashiro
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, 208-0011 Tokyo Japan
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30033 Georgia USA
| | - David E. Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30033 Georgia USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30033 Georgia USA
| | - Nancy J. Cox
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30033 Georgia USA
| | - Derek J. Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Modelling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wilson JR, Guo Z, Tzeng WP, Garten RJ, Xiyan X, Blanchard EG, Blanchfield K, Stevens J, Katz JM, York IA. Diverse antigenic site targeting of influenza hemagglutinin in the murine antibody recall response to A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Virology 2015; 485:252-62. [PMID: 26318247 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we define the epitopes on HA that are targeted by a group of 9 recombinant monoclonal antibodies (rmAbs) isolated from memory B cells of mice, immunized by infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus followed by a seasonal TIV boost. These rmAbs were all reactive against the HA1 region of HA, but display 7 distinct binding footprints, targeting each of the 4 known antigenic sites. Although the rmAbs were not broadly cross-reactive, a group showed subtype-specific cross-reactivity with the HA of A/South Carolina/1/18. Screening these rmAbs with a panel of human A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolates indicated that naturally-occurring changes in HA could reduce rmAb binding, HI activity, and/or virus neutralization activity by rmAb, without showing changes in recognition by polyclonal antiserum. In some instances, virus neutralization was lost while both ELISA binding and HI activity were retained, demonstrating a discordance between the two serological assays traditionally used to detect antigenic drift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Wilson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Zhu Guo
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Wen-Pin Tzeng
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Rebecca J Garten
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Xu Xiyan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Elisabeth G Blanchard
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Kristy Blanchfield
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Ian A York
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
We believe that the monitoring of pleiotropic effects of the hemagglutinin (HA) mutations found in H5 escape mutants is essential for accurate prediction of mutants with pandemic potential. In the present study, we assessed multiple characteristics of antibody-selected HA mutations. We examined the pH optimum of fusion, HA heat inactivation, affinity to sialyl receptors, and in vitro and in vivo replication kinetics of various influenza H5 escape mutants. Several amino acid substitutions, including T108I, K152E, R162G, and K218N, reduced the stability of HA as determined by heat inactivation, whereas S128L and T215A substitutions were associated with significant increases in HA thermostability compared to the respective wild-type viruses. HA mutations at positions 108, 113, 115, 121, 123, 128, 162, and 190 and substitutions at positions 123, 199, and 215 affected the replicative ability of H5 escape mutants in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The T108I substitution lowered the pH optimum of fusion and HA temperature stability while increasing viral replicative ability. Taken together, a co-variation between antigenic specificity and different HA phenotypic properties has been demonstrated.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yi H, Lee MS, Lee JY, Lee HK, Kang C. Immunological characterization of monoclonal antibodies used in rapid influenza diagnostic test for detection of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. J Microbiol 2015; 53:166-75. [PMID: 25626373 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-015-4642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the 2009 pandemic, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDT) have been developed for specific diagnostics of pandemic viral infection. Most of the mAbs were poorly characterized because of urgency during the pandemic. Further characterization of the mAbs for RIDTs would be beneficial for understanding the immunological properties of the pandemic virus and utilizing the mAbs for other research purposes. In this study, it was confirmed that two mAbs (I38 and D383) in an RIDT for H1N1pdm09 diagnostics were able to detect H1N1pdm09 virus through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Also, the two mAbs exhibited reactivity to hemagglutinins (HAs) of both the H1N1pdm09 and 1918 H1N1 viruses; therefore, the RIDT using the mAbs could detect HAs of H1N1pdm09 and also HAs of 1918 H1N1-like strains. In an extension to our previous study, the epitopes (Sa antigenic site and the interface area of F' and vestigial esterase subdomains on the HA1 domain of HA of H1N1pdm09) recognized by the mAbs were corroborated in depth by IFA with escape-mutants from the mAbs and mapping of the epitopes on the crystal structure of human H1N1 viral HAs. Collectively, these results imply that the mAbs for the RIDT may be suitable for use in studying the immunological properties of H1N1pdm09 viruses and that the Sa antigenic site and the interface area between F' and vestigial esterase subdomains on influenza viral HA recognized by the mAbs are immunologically conserved regions between H1N1pdm09 and 1918 H1N1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwajung Yi
- Division of Influenza Virus, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, 363-951, Republic of Korea,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Identification of amino acid substitutions supporting antigenic change of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. J Virol 2015; 89:3763-75. [PMID: 25609810 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02962-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The majority of currently circulating influenza A(H1N1) viruses are antigenically similar to the virus that caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. However, antigenic variants are expected to emerge as population immunity increases. Amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin protein can result in escape from neutralizing antibodies, affect viral fitness, and change receptor preference. In this study, we constructed mutants with substitutions in the hemagglutinin of A/Netherlands/602/09 in an attenuated backbone to explore amino acid changes that may contribute to emergence of antigenic variants in the human population. Our analysis revealed that single substitutions affecting the loop that consists of amino acid positions 151 to 159 located adjacent to the receptor binding site caused escape from ferret and human antibodies elicited after primary A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. The majority of these substitutions resulted in similar or increased replication efficiency in vitro compared to that of the virus carrying the wild-type hemagglutinin and did not result in a change of receptor preference. However, none of the substitutions was sufficient for escape from the antibodies in sera from individuals that experienced both seasonal and pandemic A(H1N1) virus infections. These results suggest that antibodies directed against epitopes on seasonal A(H1N1) viruses contribute to neutralization of A(H1N1)pdm09 antigenic variants, thereby limiting the number of possible substitutions that could lead to escape from population immunity. IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses can cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans. Amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin protein can result in escape from antibody-mediated neutralization. This allows the virus to reinfect individuals that have acquired immunity to previously circulating strains through infection or vaccination. To date, the vast majority of A(H1N1)pdm09 strains remain antigenically similar to the virus that caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. However, antigenic variants are expected to emerge as a result of increasing population immunity. We show that single amino acid substitutions near the receptor binding site were sufficient to escape from antibodies specific for A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses but not from antibodies elicited in response to infections with seasonal A(H1N1) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. This study identified substitutions in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses that support escape from population immunity but also suggested that the number of potential escape variants is limited by previous exposure to seasonal A(H1N1) viruses.
Collapse
|
25
|
Henningson JN, Rajao DS, Kitikoon P, Lorusso A, Culhane MR, Lewis NS, Anderson TK, Vincent AL. Comparative virulence of wild-type H1N1pdm09 influenza A isolates in swine. Vet Microbiol 2014; 176:40-9. [PMID: 25601799 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2009, a novel swine-origin H1N1 (H1N1pdm09) influenza A virus (IAV) reached pandemic status and was soon after detected in pigs worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether differences in the HA protein can affect pathogenicity and antigenicity of H1N1pdm09 in swine. We compared lung pathology, viral replication and shedding and the antigenic relationships of four wild-type H1N1pdm09 viruses in pigs: one human (CA/09) and three isolated in swine after the pandemic (IL/09, IL/10, and MN/10). The swine strains were selected based upon unique amino acid substitutions in the HA protein. All selected viruses resulted in mild disease and viral shedding through nasal and oral fluids, however, viral replication and the degree of pathology varied between the isolates. A/Swine/IL/5265/2010 (IL/10), with substitutions I120M, S146G, S186P, V252M, had lower viral titers in the lungs and nasal secretions and fewer lung lesions. The other two swine viruses caused respiratory pathology and replicated to titers similar to the human CA/09, although MN/10 (with mutations D45Y, K304E, A425S) had lower nasal shedding. Swine-adapted H1N1pdm09 have zoonotic potential, and have reassorted with other co-circulating swine viruses, influencing the evolution of IAV in swine globally. Further, our results suggest that amino acid changes in the HA gene have the potential to alter the virulence of H1N1pdm09 in swine. Importantly, the limited clinical signs in pigs could result in continued circulation of these viruses with other endemic swine IAVs providing opportunities for reassortment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Henningson
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, K-221 Mosier Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Daniela S Rajao
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Pravina Kitikoon
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Marie R Culhane
- University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Nicola S Lewis
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Tavis K Anderson
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA; Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8042-1, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Amy L Vincent
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Matsuzaki Y, Sugawara K, Nakauchi M, Takahashi Y, Onodera T, Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Matsumura T, Ato M, Kobayashi K, Shimotai Y, Mizuta K, Hongo S, Tashiro M, Nobusawa E. Epitope mapping of the hemagglutinin molecule of A/(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus by using monoclonal antibody escape mutants. J Virol 2014; 88:12364-73. [PMID: 25122788 PMCID: PMC4248900 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01381-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We determined the antigenic structure of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus hemagglutinin (HA) using 599 escape mutants that were selected using 16 anti-HA monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against A/Narita/1/2009. The sequencing of mutant HA genes revealed 43 amino acid substitutions at 24 positions in three antigenic sites, Sa, Sb, and Ca2, which were previously mapped onto A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (A/PR/8/34) HA (A. J. Caton, G. G. Brownlee, J. W. Yewdell, and W. Gerhard, Cell 31:417-427, 1982), and an undesignated site, i.e., amino acid residues 141, 142, 143, 171, 172, 174, 177, and 180 in the Sa site, residues 170, 173, 202, 206, 210, 211, and 212 in the Sb site, residues 151, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 200, and 238 in the Ca2 site, and residue 147 in the undesignated site (numbering begins at the first methionine). Sixteen MAbs were classified into four groups based on their cross-reactivity with the panel of escape mutants in the hemagglutination inhibition test. Among them, six MAbs targeting the Sa and Sb sites recognized both residues at positions 172 and 173. MAb n2 lost reactivity when mutations were introduced at positions 147, 159 (site Ca2), 170 (site Sb), and 172 (site Sa). We designated the site consisting of these residues as site Pa. From 2009 to 2013, no antigenic drift was detected for the A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. However, if a novel variant carrying a mutation at a position involved in the epitopes of several MAbs, such as 172, appeared, such a virus would have the advantage of becoming a drift strain. IMPORTANCE The first influenza pandemic of the 21st century occurred in 2009 with the emergence of a novel virus originating with swine influenza, A(H1N1)pdm09. Although HA of A(H1N1)pdm09 has a common origin (1918 H1N1) with seasonal H1N1, the antigenic divergence of HA between the seasonal H1N1 and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses gave rise to the influenza pandemic in 2009. To take precautions against the antigenic drift of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in the near future, it is important to identify its precise antigenic structure. To obtain various mutants that are not neutralized by MAbs, it is important to neutralize several plaque-cloned parent viruses rather than only a single parent virus. We characterized 599 escape mutants that were obtained by neutralizing four parent viruses of A(H1N1)pdm09 in the presence of 16 MAbs. Consequently, we were able to determine the details of the antigenic structure of HA, including a novel epitope.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Epitope Mapping/methods
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutant Proteins/genetics
- Mutant Proteins/immunology
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Selection, Genetic
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Virus Cultivation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuzaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kanetsu Sugawara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mina Nakauchi
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Matsumura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ato
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shimotai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Katsumi Mizuta
- Department of Microbiology, Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Seiji Hongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masato Tashiro
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Nobusawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
He L, Jiang K, Wu Q, Duan Z, Xu H, Liu J, Cui Z, Gu M, Wang X, Liu X, Liu X. Two amino acid substitutions in the haemagglutinin of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus decrease direct-contact transmission in guinea pigs. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2612-2617. [PMID: 25135885 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.067694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus spread across the globe and caused the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. Many of the molecular factors that contributed to the airborne transmission of this pandemic virus have been determined; however, the direct-contact transmission of this virus remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that a combination of two mutations (N159D and Q226R) in the haemagglutinin (HA) protein of the representative 2009 H1N1 influenza virus A/California/04/2009 (CA04) caused a switch in receptor binding preference from the α2,6-sialoglycan to the α2,3-sialoglycan receptor, and decreased the binding intensities for both glycans. In conjunction with a significantly decreased replication efficiency in the nasal epithelium, this limited human receptor binding affinity resulted in inefficient direct-contact transmission of CA04 between guinea pigs. Our findings highlight the role of the HA gene in the transmission of the influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Kaijun Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Qiwen Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Haixu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Zhu Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Min Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Retamal M, Abed Y, Corbeil J, Boivin G. Epitope mapping of the 2009 pandemic and the A/Brisbane/59/2007 seasonal (H1N1) influenza virus haemagglutinins using mAbs and escape mutants. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2377-2389. [PMID: 25078301 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.067819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
mAbs constitute an important biological tool for influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) epitope mapping through the generation of escape mutants, which could provide insights into immune evasion mechanisms and may benefit the future development of vaccines. Several influenza A (H1N1) pandemic 2009 (pdm09) HA escape mutants have been recently described. However, the HA antigenic sites of the previous seasonal A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) (Bris07) virus remain poorly documented. Here, we produced mAbs against pdm09 and Bris07 HA proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells. Escape mutants were generated using mAbs that exhibited HA inhibition and neutralizing activities. The resulting epitope mapping of the pdm09 HA protein revealed 11 escape mutations including three that were previously described (G172E, N173D and K256E) and eight novel ones (T89R, F128L, G157E, K180E, A212E, R269K, N311T and G478E). Among the six HA mutations that were part of predicted antigenic sites (Ca1, Ca2, Cb, Sa or Sb), three (G172E, N173D and K180E) were within the Sa site. Eight escape mutations (H54N, N55D, N55K, L60H, N203D, A231T, V314I and K464E) were obtained for Bris07 HA, and all but one (N203D, Sb site) were outside the predicted antigenic sites. Our results suggest that the Sa antigenic site is immunodominant in pdm09 HA, whereas the N203D mutation (Sb site), present in three different Bris07 escape mutants, appears as the immunodominant epitope in that strain. The fact that some mutations were not part of predicted antigenic sites reinforces the necessity of further characterizing the HA of additional H1N1 strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Retamal
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases of the CHUQ-CHUL and Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yacine Abed
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases of the CHUQ-CHUL and Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Corbeil
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases of the CHUQ-CHUL and Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases of the CHUQ-CHUL and Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
He L, Wu Q, Jiang K, Duan Z, Liu J, Xu H, Cui Z, Gu M, Wang X, Liu X, Liu X. Differences in transmissibility and pathogenicity of reassortants between H9N2 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A viruses from humans and swine. Arch Virol 2014; 159:1743-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
30
|
Yasugi M, Kubota-Koketsu R, Yamashita A, Kawashita N, Du A, Misaki R, Kuhara M, Boonsathorn N, Fujiyama K, Okuno Y, Nakaya T, Ikuta K. Emerging antigenic variants at the antigenic site Sb in pandemic A(H1N1)2009 influenza virus in Japan detected by a human monoclonal antibody. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77892. [PMID: 24147093 PMCID: PMC3797713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The swine-origin pandemic A(H1N1)2009 virus, A(H1N1)pdm09, is still circulating in parts of the human population. To monitor variants that may escape from vaccination specificity, antigenic characterization of circulating viruses is important. In this study, a hybridoma clone producing human monoclonal antibody against A(H1N1)pdm09, designated 5E4, was prepared using peripheral lymphocytes from a vaccinated volunteer. The 5E4 showed viral neutralization activity and inhibited hemagglutination. 5E4 escape mutants harbored amino acid substitutions (A189T and D190E) in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, suggesting that 5E4 recognized the antigenic site Sb in the HA protein. To study the diversity of Sb in A(H1N1)pdm09, 58 viral isolates were obtained during the 2009/10 and 2010/11 winter seasons in Osaka, Japan. Hemagglutination-inhibition titers were significantly reduced against 5E4 in the 2010/11 compared with the 2009/10 samples. Viral neutralizing titers were also significantly decreased in the 2010/11 samples. By contrast, isolated samples reacted well to ferret anti-A(H1N1)pdm09 serum from both seasons. Nonsynonymous substitution rates revealed that the variant Sb and Ca2 sequences were being positively selected between 2009/10 and 2010/11. In 7,415 HA protein sequences derived from GenBank, variants in the antigenic sites Sa and Sb increased significantly worldwide from 2009 to 2013. These results indicate that the antigenic variants in Sb are likely to be in global circulation currently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Yasugi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Kubota-Koketsu
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Yamashita
- Department of Genome Informatics, RIMD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Kawashita
- Department of Environmental Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anariwa Du
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Misaki
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, International Center of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Kuhara
- Ina Laboratory, Medical & Biological Laboratories Corporation, Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naphatsawan Boonsathorn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, International Center of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Okuno
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, RIMD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pleiotropic effects of hemagglutinin amino acid substitutions of H5 influenza escape mutants. Virology 2013; 447:233-9. [PMID: 24210119 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we assessed pleiotropic characteristics of the antibody-selected mutations. We examined pH optimum of fusion, temperatures of HA heat inactivation, and in vitro and in vivo replication kinetics of the previously obtained influenza H5 escape mutants. Our results showed that HA1 N142K mutation significantly lowered the pH of fusion optimum. Mutations of the escape mutants located in the HA lateral loop significantly affected H5 HA thermostability (P<0.05). HA changes at positions 131, 144, 145, and 156 and substitutions at positions 131, 142, 145, and 156 affected the replicative ability of H5 escape mutants in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Overall, a co-variation between antigenic specificity and different HA phenotypic properties has been demonstrated. We believe that the monitoring of pleiotropic effects of the HA mutations found in H5 escape mutants is essential for accurate prediction of mutants with pandemic potential.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen J, Yan B, Chen Q, Yao Y, Wang H, Liu Q, Zhang S, Wang H, Chen Z. Evaluation of neutralizing efficacy of monoclonal antibodies specific for 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo. Arch Virol 2013; 159:471-83. [PMID: 24057757 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009 poses a serious public-health challenge worldwide. To characterize the neutralizing epitopes of this virus, we generated a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the HA of the A/California/07/2009 virus. The antibodies were specific for the 2009 pdm H1N1 HA, as the antibodies displayed HA-specific ELISA, hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralization activity. One mAb (mAb12) showed significantly higher HAI and neutralizing titers than the other mAbs. We mapped the antigenic epitopes of the HA by characterizing escape mutants of a 2009 H1N1 vaccine strain (NYMC X-179A). The amino acid changes suggested that these eight mAbs recognized HA antigenic epitopes located in the Sa, Sb, Ca1 and Ca2 sites. Passive immunization with mAbs showed that mAb12 displayed more efficient neutralizing activity in vivo than the other mAbs. mAb12 was also found to be protective, both prophylactically and therapeutically, against a lethal viral challenge in mice. In addition, a single injection of 10 mg/kg mAb12 outperformed a 5-day course of treatment with oseltamivir (10 mg/kg/day by gavage) with respect to both prophylaxis and treatment of lethal viral infection. Taken together, our results showed that mouse-origin mAbs displayed neutralizing effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. One mAb in particular (mAb12) recognized an epitope within the Sb site and demonstrated outstanding neutralizing effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chen
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Song MS, Hee Baek Y, Kim EH, Park SJ, Kim S, Lim GJ, Kwon HI, Pascua PNQ, Decano AG, Lee BJ, Kim YI, Webby RJ, Choi YK. Increased virulence of neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant pandemic H1N1 virus in mice: potential emergence of drug-resistant and virulent variants. Virulence 2013; 4:489-93. [PMID: 23924955 DOI: 10.4161/viru.25952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandemic H1N1 2009 (A[H1N1]pdm09) variants associated with oseltamivir resistance have emerged with a histidine-to-tyrosine substitution in the neuraminidase(NA) at position 274 (H274Y). To determine whether the H274Y variant has increased virulence potential, A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, with or without the H274Y mutation, was adapted by serial lung-to-lung passages in mice. The mouse-adapted H274Y (maCA04H274Y) variants showed increased growth properties and virulence in vitro and in vivo while maintaining high NA inhibitor resistance. Interestingly, most maCA04H274Y and maCA04 viruses acquired common mutations in HA (S183P and D222G) and NP (D101G), while only maCA04H274Y viruses had consensus additional K153E mutation in the HA gene, suggesting a potential association with the H274Y substitution. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential emergence of A(H1N1)pdm09 drug-resistant variants with increased virulence and the need for rapid development of novel antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Suk Song
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guarnaccia T, Carolan LA, Maurer-Stroh S, Lee RTC, Job E, Reading PC, Petrie S, McCaw JM, McVernon J, Hurt AC, Kelso A, Mosse J, Barr IG, Laurie KL. Antigenic drift of the pandemic 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus in A ferret model. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003354. [PMID: 23671418 PMCID: PMC3649996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance data indicate that most circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses have remained antigenically similar since they emerged in humans in 2009. However, antigenic drift is likely to occur in the future in response to increasing population immunity induced by infection or vaccination. In this study, sequential passaging of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus by contact transmission through two independent series of suboptimally vaccinated ferrets resulted in selection of variant viruses with an amino acid substitution (N156K, H1 numbering without signal peptide; N159K, H3 numbering without signal peptide; N173K, H1 numbering from first methionine) in a known antigenic site of the viral HA. The N156K HA variant replicated and transmitted efficiently between naïve ferrets and outgrew wildtype virus in vivo in ferrets in the presence and absence of immune pressure. In vitro, in a range of cell culture systems, the N156K variant rapidly adapted, acquiring additional mutations in the viral HA that also potentially affected antigenic properties. The N156K escape mutant was antigenically distinct from wildtype virus as shown by binding of HA-specific antibodies. Glycan binding assays demonstrated the N156K escape mutant had altered receptor binding preferences compared to wildtype virus, which was supported by computational modeling predictions. The N156K substitution, and culture adaptations, have been detected in human A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses with N156K preferentially reported in sequences from original clinical samples rather than cultured isolates. This study demonstrates the ability of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus to undergo rapid antigenic change to evade a low level vaccine response, while remaining fit in a ferret transmission model of immunization and infection. Furthermore, the potential changes in receptor binding properties that accompany antigenic changes highlight the importance of routine characterization of clinical samples in human A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teagan Guarnaccia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, School of Applied Sciences, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise A. Carolan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- National Public Health Laboratory, Communicable Diseases Division Ministry of Health, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
| | - Raphael T. C. Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Emma Job
- The University of Melbourne, Department Microbiology & Immunology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department Microbiology & Immunology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Petrie
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James M. McCaw
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jodie McVernon
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aeron C. Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, School of Applied Sciences, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne Kelso
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Mosse
- Monash University, School of Applied Sciences, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian G. Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen L. Laurie
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, School of Applied Sciences, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department Microbiology & Immunology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wikramaratna PS, Sandeman M, Recker M, Gupta S. The antigenic evolution of influenza: drift or thrift? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120200. [PMID: 23382423 PMCID: PMC3678325 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that antibody responses against the influenza virus are polarized in the following manner: strong antibody responses are directed at highly variable antigenic epitopes, which consequently undergo 'antigenic drift', while weak antibody responses develop against conserved epitopes. As the highly variable epitopes are in a constant state of flux, current antibody-based vaccine strategies are focused on the conserved epitopes in the expectation that they will provide some level of clinical protection after appropriate boosting. Here, we use a theoretical model to suggest the existence of epitopes of low variability, which elicit a high degree of both clinical and transmission-blocking immunity. We show that several epidemiological features of influenza and its serological and molecular profiles are consistent with this model of 'antigenic thrift', and that identifying the protective epitopes of low variability predicted by this model could offer a more viable alternative to regularly update the influenza vaccine than exploiting responses to weakly immunogenic conserved regions.
Collapse
|
36
|
Shembekar N, Mallajosyula VVA, Mishra A, Yeolekar L, Dhere R, Kapre S, Varadarajan R, Gupta SK. Isolation of a high affinity neutralizing monoclonal antibody against 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus that binds at the 'Sa' antigenic site. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55516. [PMID: 23383214 PMCID: PMC3561186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus evades host immunity through antigenic drift and shift, and continues to circulate in the human population causing periodic outbreaks including the recent 2009 pandemic. A large segment of the population was potentially susceptible to this novel strain of virus. Historically, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been fundamental tools for diagnosis and epitope mapping of influenza viruses and their importance as an alternate treatment option is also being realized. The current study describes isolation of a high affinity (KD = 2.1±0.4 pM) murine MAb, MA2077 that binds specifically to the hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein of the pandemic virus. The antibody neutralized the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus in an in vitro microneutralization assay (IC50 = 0.08 µg/ml). MA2077 also showed hemagglutination inhibition activity (HI titre of 0.50 µg/ml) against the pandemic virus. In a competition ELISA, MA2077 competed with the binding site of the human MAb, 2D1 (isolated from a survivor of the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic) on pandemic H1N1 HA. Epitope mapping studies using yeast cell-surface display of a stable HA1 fragment, wherein ‘Sa’ and ‘Sb’ sites were independently mutated, localized the binding site of MA2077 within the ‘Sa’ antigenic site. These studies will facilitate our understanding of antigen antibody interaction in the context of neutralization of the pandemic influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket Shembekar
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Arpita Mishra
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail: (RV); (SKG)
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (RV); (SKG)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hendricks GL, Weirich KL, Viswanathan K, Li J, Shriver ZH, Ashour J, Ploegh HL, Kurt-Jones EA, Fygenson DK, Finberg RW, Comolli JC, Wang JP. Sialylneolacto-N-tetraose c (LSTc)-bearing liposomal decoys capture influenza A virus. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8061-8073. [PMID: 23362274 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.437202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a severe disease in humans and animals with few effective therapies available. All strains of influenza virus are prone to developing drug resistance due to the high mutation rate in the viral genome. A therapeutic agent that targets a highly conserved region of the virus could bypass resistance and also be effective against multiple strains of influenza. Influenza uses many individually weak ligand binding interactions for a high avidity multivalent attachment to sialic acid-bearing cells. Polymerized sialic acid analogs can form multivalent interactions with influenza but are not ideal therapeutics due to solubility and toxicity issues. We used liposomes as a novel means for delivery of the glycan sialylneolacto-N-tetraose c (LSTc). LSTc-bearing decoy liposomes form multivalent, polymer-like interactions with influenza virus. Decoy liposomes competitively bind influenza virus in hemagglutination inhibition assays and inhibit infection of target cells in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition is specific for influenza virus, as inhibition of Sendai virus and respiratory syncytial virus is not observed. In contrast, monovalent LSTc does not bind influenza virus or inhibit infectivity. LSTc decoy liposomes prevent the spread of influenza virus during multiple rounds of replication in vitro and extend survival of mice challenged with a lethal dose of virus. LSTc decoy liposomes co-localize with fluorescently tagged influenza virus, whereas control liposomes do not. Considering the conservation of the hemagglutinin binding pocket and the ability of decoy liposomes to form high avidity interactions with influenza hemagglutinin, our decoy liposomes have potential as a new therapeutic agent against emerging influenza strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Hendricks
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Kim L Weirich
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Karthik Viswanathan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Zachary H Shriver
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Joseph Ashour
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Evelyn A Kurt-Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Deborah K Fygenson
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Robert W Finberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - James C Comolli
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jennifer P Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tutykhina IL, Sedova ES, Gribova IY, Ivanova TI, Vasilev LA, Rutovskaya MV, Lysenko AA, Shmarov MM, Logunov DY, Naroditsky BS, Tillib SV, Gintsburg AL. Passive immunization with a recombinant adenovirus expressing an HA (H5)-specific single-domain antibody protects mice from lethal influenza infection. Antiviral Res 2012; 97:318-28. [PMID: 23274786 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
One effective method for the prevention and treatment of influenza infection is passive immunization. In our study, we examined the feasibility of creating an antibody-based preparation with a prolonged protective effect against influenza virus. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) specific for influenza virus hemagglutinin were generated. Experiments in mouse models showed 100% survivability for both intranasal sdAbs administration 24h prior to influenza challenge and 24h after infection. sdAb-gene delivery by an adenoviral vector led to gene expression for up to 14days. Protection by a recombinant adenovirus containing the sdAb gene was observed in cases of administration prior to influenza infection (14d-24h). We also demonstrated that the single administration of a combined preparation containing sdAb DNA and protein expanded the protection time window from 14d prior to 48h after influenza infection. This approach and the application of a broad-spectrum sdAbs will allow the development of efficient drugs for the prevention and treatment of viral infections produced by pandemic virus variants and other infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina L Tutykhina
- Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18, Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|