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Bastos-Soares EA, da Silva Morais MS, Funes-Huacca M, Sousa RMO, Brilhante-Da-Silva N, Roberto SA, Prado NDR, Dos Santos CND, Marinho ACM, Soares AM, Stabeli RG, Pereira SDS, Fernandes CFC. Single-Domain Antibody-Gold Nanoparticle Bioconjugates as Immunosensors for the Detection of Hantaviruses. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:479-494. [PMID: 38796660 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hantavirus, a zoonotic pathogen, causes severe syndromes like hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), sometimes fatal in humans. Considering the importance of detecting the hantavirus antigen, the construction of an immunosensor is essential. The structural and functional characteristics of camelid nanobodies (VHHs) encourage their application in the areas of nanobiotechnology, therapeutics, diagnostics, and basic research. Therefore, this study aimed to standardize stable bioconjugates using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and VHHs, in order to develop immunobiosensors for the diagnosis of hantavirus infection. METHODS Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) was performed to obtain purified recombinant anti-hantavirus nucleocapsid nanobodies (anti-prNΔ85 VHH), while AuNPs were synthesized for bioconjugation. UV-visible spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were employed to characterize AuNPs. RESULTS The bioconjugation stability parameters (VHH-AuNPs), analyzed by spectrophotometry, showed that the ideal pH value and VHH concentration were obtained at 7.4 and 50 μg/mL, respectively, after addition of 1 M NaCl, which induces AuNP aggregation. TEM performed before and after bioconjugation showed uniform, homogeneous, well-dispersed, and spherical AuNPs with an average diameter of ~ 14 ± 0.57 nm. Furthermore, high-resolution images revealed a thin white halo on the surface of the AuNPs, indicating the coating of the AuNPs with protein. A biosensor simulation test (dot blot-like [DB-like]) was performed in stationary phase to verify the binding and detection limits of the recombinant nucleocapsid protein from the Araucária hantavirus strain (prN∆85). DISCUSSION Using AuNPs/VHH bioconjugates, a specific interaction was detected between 5 and 10 min of reaction in a dose-dependent manner. It was observed that this test was sensitive enough to detect prNΔ85 at concentrations up to 25 ng/μL. Considering that nanostructured biological systems such as antibodies conjugated with AuNPs are useful tools for the development of chemical and biological sensors, the stability of the bioconjugate indicates proficiency in detecting antigens. The experimental results obtained will be used in a future immunospot assay or lateral flow immunochromatography analysis for hantavirus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika A Bastos-Soares
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, PGBIOEXP, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Michelle Suelen da Silva Morais
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, PGBIOEXP, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Maribel Funes-Huacca
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria O Sousa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Sibele Andrade Roberto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, PGBIOEXP, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anna C M Marinho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Ceará, Eusébio, CE, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Centro Universitário São Lucas, UniSL, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, PGBIOEXP, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Stabeli
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Plataforma Bi-institucional de Medicina Translacional, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Soraya Dos Santos Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, PGBIOEXP, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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Muzulin PM, Brignone J, Iglesias NG, Rodríguez M, Irazu L, García JB, Sen C, Levis S. Development and standardization of an enzyme-linked inmunosorbent for the detection of orthohantavirus infection in Argentina based on its bacterial-expressed nucleocapside protein. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01412-z. [PMID: 38874744 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a development and standardization of an IgG ELISA assay for serological detection of human orthohantavirus infections using the recombinant antigen rLECH13 produced in bacterial and derived from the LECHV. The evaluation and standardization were carried out by analyzing serum samples from a total of 50 patients with confirmed Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) diagnosis through the reference technique, 50 negative sera, and 53 patients with other medical conditions. The data from the assay analysis showed a diagnostic sensitivity value of 95% and a diagnostic specificity of 80%. The high sensitivity of this novel assay leads us to conclude that rLECH13 is a feasible option for use in the immunodiagnostic of orthohantavirus infection. Additionally, it is crucial to have an antigen that can be produced under conditions that do not require highly complex laboratories. Furthermore, the new assay is cost-effective, reproducible, and demonstrates excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Muzulin
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. "Julio Maiztegui ", INEVH-ANLIS, Pergamino, 2700, Argentina.
| | - Julia Brignone
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. "Julio Maiztegui ", INEVH-ANLIS, Pergamino, 2700, Argentina
| | - Néstor Gabriel Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham (UNAHUR), Hurlingham, 1688, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rodríguez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Vélez Sarsfield 563, Buenos Aires, 1282, Argentina
| | - Lucía Irazu
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Vélez Sarsfield 563, Buenos Aires, 1282, Argentina
| | - Jorge B García
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. "Julio Maiztegui ", INEVH-ANLIS, Pergamino, 2700, Argentina
| | - Carina Sen
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. "Julio Maiztegui ", INEVH-ANLIS, Pergamino, 2700, Argentina
| | - Silvana Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. "Julio Maiztegui ", INEVH-ANLIS, Pergamino, 2700, Argentina
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Noor F, Ashfaq UA, Bakar A, Qasim M, Masoud MS, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Riaz MS. Identification and characterization of codon usage pattern and influencing factors in HFRS-causing hantaviruses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131647. [PMID: 37492567 PMCID: PMC10364125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute viral zoonosis carried and transmitted by infected rodents through urine, droppings, or saliva. The etiology of HFRS is complex due to the involvement of viral factors and host immune and genetic factors which hinder the development of potential therapeutic solutions for HFRS. Hantaan virus (HTNV), Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV), Seoul virus (SEOV), and Puumala virus (PUUV) are predominantly found in hantaviral species that cause HFRS in patients. Despite ongoing prevention and control efforts, HFRS remains a serious economic burden worldwide. Furthermore, recent studies reported that the hantavirus nucleocapsid protein is a multi-functional protein and plays a major role in the replication cycle of the hantavirus. However, the precise mechanism of the nucleoproteins in viral pathogenesis is not completely understood. In the framework of the current study, various in silico approaches were employed to identify the factors influencing the codon usage pattern of hantaviral nucleoproteins. Based on the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values, a comparative analysis was performed between HFRS-causing hantavirus and their hosts, suggesting that HTNV, DOBV, SEOV, and PUUV, were inclined to evolve their codon usage patterns that were comparable to those of their hosts. The results indicated that most of the overrepresented codons had AU-endings, which revealed that mutational pressure is the major force shaping codon usage patterns. However, the influence of natural selection and geographical factors cannot be ignored on viral codon usage bias. Further analysis also demonstrated that HFRS causing hantaviruses adapted host-specific codon usage patterns to sustain successful replication and transmission chains within hosts. To our knowledge, no study to date reported the factors influencing the codon usage pattern within hantaviral nucleoproteins. Thus, the proposed computational scheme can help in understanding the underlying mechanism of codon usage patterns in HFRS-causing hantaviruses which lend a helping hand in designing effective anti-HFRS treatments in future. This study, although comprehensive, relies on in silico methods and thus necessitates experimental validation for more solid outcomes. Beyond the identified factors influencing viral behavior, there could be other yet undiscovered influences. These potential factors should be targets for further research to improve HFRS therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Noor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abu Bakar
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shareef Masoud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Characterization of a Panel of Cross-Reactive Hantavirus Nucleocapsid Protein-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020532. [PMID: 36851747 PMCID: PMC9958643 DOI: 10.3390/v15020532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are emerging pathogens with a worldwide distribution that can cause life-threatening diseases in humans. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against hantavirus nucleocapsid (N) proteins are important tools in virus diagnostics, epidemiological studies and basic research studies on virus replication and pathogenesis. Here, we extend the collection of previously generated MAbs raised against a segment of Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) N protein harbored on virus-like particles (VLPs) and MAbs against N proteins of Sin Nombre orthohantavirus/Andes orthohantavirus by generating nine novel MAbs against N proteins of Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus (DOBV), Tula orthohantavirus (TULV), Thottapalayam thottimvirus (TPMV) and PUUV. In order to have a wide collection of well-described hantavirus-specific MAbs, the cross-reactivity of novel and previously generated MAbs was determined against N proteins of 15 rodent- and shrew-borne hantaviruses by different immunological methods. We found that all MAbs, excluding TPMV-specific MAbs, demonstrated different cross-reactivity patterns with N proteins of hantaviruses and recognized native viral antigens in infected mammalian cells. This well-characterized collection of cross-reactive hantavirus-specific MAbs has a potential application in various fields of hantavirus research, diagnostics and therapy.
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Noor F, Ashfaq UA, Asif M, Adeel MM, Alshammari A, Alharbi M. Comprehensive computational analysis reveals YXXΦ[I/L/M/F/V] motif and YXXΦ-like tetrapeptides across HFRS causing Hantaviruses and their association with viral pathogenesis and host immune regulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031608. [PMID: 36275660 PMCID: PMC9584616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute zoonotic disease transmitted through aerosolized excrement of rodents. The etiology of HFRS is complex due to the involvement of viral factors and host immune and genetic factors. The viral species that dominantly cause HFRS are Puumala virus (PUUV), Seoul virus (SEOV), Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV), and Hantaan virus (HTNV). Despite continuous prevention and control measures, HFRS remains a significant public health problem worldwide. The nucleocapsid protein of PUUV, SEOV, DOBV, and HTNV is a multifunctional viral protein involved in various stages of the viral replication cycle. However, the exact role of nucleoproteins in viral pathogenesis is yet to be discovered. Targeting a universal host protein exploited by most viruses would be a game-changing strategy that offers broad-spectrum solutions and rapid epidemic control. The objective of this study is to understand the replication and pathogenesis of PUUV, SEOV, DOBV, and HTNV by targeting tyrosine-based motif (YXXΦ[I/L/M/F/V]) and YXXΦ-like tetrapeptides. In the light of the current study, in silico analysis uncovered many different YXXΦ[I/L/M/F/V] motifs and YXXΦ-like tetrapeptides within nucleoproteins of PUUV, SEOV, DOBV, and HTNV. Following that, the 3D structures of nucleoproteins were predicted using AlphaFold2 to map the location of YXXΦ[I/L/M/F/V] motif and YXXΦ-like tetrapeptides in a 3D environment. Further, in silico analysis and characterization of Post Translational Modifications (PTMs) revealed multiple PTMs sites within YXXΦ[I/L/M/F/V] motif and YXXΦ-like tetrapeptides, which contribute to virulence and host immune regulation. Our study proposed that the predicted YXXΦ[I/L/M/F/V] motif and YXXΦ-like tetrapeptides may confer specific functions such as virulence, host immune regulation, and pathogenesis to nucleoproteins of PUUV, SEOV, DOBV, and HTNV. However, in vivo and in vitro studies on YXXΦ[I/L/M/F/V] motif and YXXΦ-like tetrapeptides will assign new biological roles to these antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Noor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Usman Ali Ashfaq,
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muzammal Adeel
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vilibic-Cavlek T, Barbic L, Stevanovic V, Savic V, Mrzljak A, Bogdanic M, Tabain I. Comparison of indirect immunofluorescence and western blot method in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections. World J Methodol 2021; 11:294-301. [PMID: 34888182 PMCID: PMC8613714 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v11.i6.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serologic cross-reactivity between hantaviruses often complicates the interpretation of the results.
AIM To analyze the diagnostic value of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and western blot (WB) in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections.
METHODS One hundred eighty-eight serum samples from Puumala (PUUV) and Dobrava (DOBV) orthohantavirus infected patients were analyzed. Serology was performed using commercial tests (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany).
RESULTS Using IFA, 49.5% of acute-phase samples showed a monotypic response to PUUV, while 50.5% cross-reacted with other hantaviruses. The overall cross-reactivity was higher for immunoglobulin G (IgG) (50.0%) than for immunoglobulin M (IgM) (25.5%). PUUV IgM/IgG antibodies showed low/moderate reactivity with orthohantaviruses Hantaan (12.3%/31.5%), Seoul (7.5%/17.8%), DOBV (5.4%/ 28.1%), and Saaremaa (4.8%/15.7%). Both DOBV IgM and IgG antibodies were broadly reactive with Hantaan (76.2%/95.2%), Saaremaa (80.9%/83.3%), and Seoul (78.6%/85.7%) and moderate with PUUV (28.5%/38.1%). Using a WB, serotyping was successful in most cross-reactive samples (89.5%).
CONCLUSION The presented results indicate that WB is more specific than IFA in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections, confirming serotype in most IFA cross-reactive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ljubo Barbic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stevanovic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Savic
- Poultry Centre, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Maja Bogdanic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Irena Tabain
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Rissanen I, Krumm SA, Stass R, Whitaker A, Voss JE, Bruce EA, Rothenberger S, Kunz S, Burton DR, Huiskonen JT, Botten JW, Bowden TA, Doores KJ. Structural Basis for a Neutralizing Antibody Response Elicited by a Recombinant Hantaan Virus Gn Immunogen. mBio 2021; 12:e0253120. [PMID: 34225492 PMCID: PMC8406324 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02531-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are a group of emerging pathogens capable of causing severe disease upon zoonotic transmission to humans. The mature hantavirus surface presents higher-order tetrameric assemblies of two glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, which are responsible for negotiating host cell entry and constitute key therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that recombinantly derived Gn from Hantaan virus (HTNV) elicits a neutralizing antibody response (serum dilution that inhibits 50% infection [ID50], 1:200 to 1:850) in an animal model. Using antigen-specific B cell sorting, we isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exhibiting neutralizing and non-neutralizing activity, termed mAb HTN-Gn1 and mAb nnHTN-Gn2, respectively. Crystallographic analysis reveals that these mAbs target spatially distinct epitopes at disparate sites of the N-terminal region of the HTNV Gn ectodomain. Epitope mapping onto a model of the higher order (Gn-Gc)4 spike supports the immune accessibility of the mAb HTN-Gn1 epitope, a hypothesis confirmed by electron cryo-tomography of the antibody with virus-like particles. These data define natively exposed regions of the hantaviral Gn that can be targeted in immunogen design. IMPORTANCE The spillover of pathogenic hantaviruses from rodent reservoirs into the human population poses a continued threat to human health. Here, we show that a recombinant form of the Hantaan virus (HTNV) surface-displayed glycoprotein, Gn, elicits a neutralizing antibody response in rabbits. We isolated a neutralizing (HTN-Gn1) and a non-neutralizing (nnHTN-Gn2) monoclonal antibody and provide the first molecular-level insights into how the Gn glycoprotein may be targeted by the antibody-mediated immune response. These findings may guide rational vaccine design approaches focused on targeting the hantavirus glycoprotein envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Rissanen
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, grid.4991.5University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefanie A. Krumm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Stass
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, grid.4991.5University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Annalis Whitaker
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, grid.59062.38University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, grid.59062.38University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - James E. Voss
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Emily A. Bruce
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, grid.59062.38University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, grid.59062.38University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sylvia Rothenberger
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kunz
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard, and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juha T. Huiskonen
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, grid.4991.5University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jason W. Botten
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, grid.59062.38University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, grid.59062.38University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Thomas A. Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, grid.4991.5University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J. Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Yashina LN, Abramov SA, Zhigalin AV, Smetannikova NA, Dupal TA, Krivopalov AV, Kikuchi F, Senoo K, Arai S, Mizutani T, Suzuki M, Cook JA, Yanagihara R. Geographic Distribution and Phylogeny of Soricine Shrew-Borne Seewis Virus and Altai Virus in Russia. Viruses 2021; 13:1286. [PMID: 34372492 PMCID: PMC8310073 DOI: 10.3390/v13071286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) in multiple species of shrews, moles and bats has revealed a complex evolutionary history involving cross-species transmission. Seewis virus (SWSV) is widely distributed throughout the geographic ranges of its soricid hosts, including the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus), tundra shrew (Sorex tundrensis) and Siberian large-toothed shrew (Sorex daphaenodon), suggesting host sharing. In addition, genetic variants of SWSV, previously named Artybash virus (ARTV) and Amga virus, have been detected in the Laxmann's shrew (Sorex caecutiens). Here, we describe the geographic distribution and phylogeny of SWSV and Altai virus (ALTV) in Asian Russia. The complete genomic sequence analysis showed that ALTV, also harbored by the Eurasian common shrew, is a new hantavirus species, distantly related to SWSV. Moreover, Lena River virus (LENV) appears to be a distinct hantavirus species, harbored by Laxmann's shrews and flat-skulled shrews (Sorex roboratus) in Eastern Siberia and far-eastern Russia. Another ALTV-related virus, which is more closely related to Camp Ripley virus from the United States, has been identified in the Eurasian least shrew (Sorex minutissimus) from far-eastern Russia. Two highly divergent viruses, ALTV and SWSV co-circulate among common shrews in Western Siberia, while LENV and the ARTV variant of SWSV co-circulate among Laxmann's shrews in Eastern Siberia and far-eastern Russia. ALTV and ALTV-related viruses appear to belong to the Mobatvirus genus, while SWSV is a member of the Orthohantavirus genus. These findings suggest that ALTV and ALTV-related hantaviruses might have emerged from ancient cross-species transmission with subsequent diversification within Sorex shrews in Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila N. Yashina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia;
| | - Sergey A. Abramov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.A.A.); (T.A.D.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Zhigalin
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Ecology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | | | - Tamara A. Dupal
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.A.A.); (T.A.D.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Anton V. Krivopalov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.A.A.); (T.A.D.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Fuka Kikuchi
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan; (F.K.); (T.M.)
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Kae Senoo
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Satoru Arai
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan; (F.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Motoi Suzuki
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Joseph A. Cook
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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9
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The Serological Cross-Detection of Bat-Borne Hantaviruses: A Valid Strategy or Taking Chances? Viruses 2021; 13:v13071188. [PMID: 34206220 PMCID: PMC8309984 DOI: 10.3390/v13071188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are hosts of a range of viruses, and their great diversity and unique characteristics that distinguish them from all other mammals have been related to the maintenance, evolution, and dissemination of these pathogens. Recently, very divergent hantaviruses have been discovered in distinct species of bats worldwide, but their association with human disease remains unclear. Considering the low success rates of detecting hantavirus RNA in bat tissues and that to date no hantaviruses have been isolated from bat samples, immunodiagnostic tools could be very helpful to understand pathogenesis, epidemiology, and geographic range of bat-borne hantaviruses. In this sense, we aimed to identify in silico immunogenic B-cell epitopes present on bat-borne hantaviruses nucleoprotein (NP) and verify if they are conserved among them and other selected members of Mammantavirinae, using a combination of (the three most used) different prediction algorithms, ELLIPRO, Discotope 2.0, and PEPITO server. To support our data, we in silico modeled 3D structures of NPs from representative members of bat-borne hantaviruses, using comparative and ab initio methods due to the absence of crystallographic structures of studied proteins or similar models in the Protein Data Bank. Our analysis demonstrated the antigenic complexity of the bat-borne hantaviruses group, showing a low sequence conservation of epitopes among members of its own group and a minor conservation degree in comparison to Orthohantavirus, with a recognized importance to public health. Our data suggest that the use of recombinant rodent-borne hantavirus NPs to cross-detect antibodies against bat- or shrew-borne viruses could underestimate the real impact of this virus in nature.
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10
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Wei Z, Shimizu K, Nishigami K, Tsuda Y, Sarathukumara Y, Muthusinghe DS, Gamage CD, Granathne L, Lokupathirage SMW, Nanayakkara N, Arikawa J, Kikuchi F, Tanaka-Taya K, Suzuki M, Morikawa S, Arai S, Yoshimatsu K. Serological methods for detection of infection with shrew-borne hantaviruses: Thottapalayam, Seewis, Altai, and Asama viruses. Arch Virol 2020; 166:275-280. [PMID: 33201342 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The infectivity of shrew-borne hantaviruses to humans is still unclear because of the lack of a serodiagnosis method for these viruses. In this study, we prepared recombinant nucleocapsid (rN) proteins of Seewis orthohantavirus, Altai orthohantavirus (ALTV), Thottapalayam thottimvirus (TPMV), and Asama orthohantavirus. Using monospecific rabbit sera, no antigenic cross-reactivity was observed. In a serosurvey of 104 samples from renal patients and 271 samples from heathy controls from Sri Lanka, one patient serum and two healthy control sera reacted with rN proteins of ALTV and TPMV, respectively. The novel assays should be applied to investigate potential infectivity of shrew-borne hantaviruses to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouoxing Wei
- Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kenta Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kumpei Nishigami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Tsuda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yomani Sarathukumara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Devinda S Muthusinghe
- Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Chandika D Gamage
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Lishanta Granathne
- Girandrukotte District Hospital, Renal Clinic, District Hospital, Girandurukotte, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Jiro Arikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fuka Kikuchi
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | | | - Motoi Suzuki
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Arai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
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11
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Tosa N, Ishida T, Yoshimatsu K, Hayashimoto N, Shiokawa K, Takakura A, Arikawa J. Simultaneous serodetection of major rat infectious pathogens by a multiplex immunochromatographic assay. Exp Anim 2020; 70:161-168. [PMID: 33177250 PMCID: PMC8150241 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and simple serologic tests that require only a small amount of blood without the euthanization of animals are valuable for microbial control in colonies
of laboratory animals. In this study, we developed a multiplex immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for detection of antibodies to Sendai virus (also known as
hemagglutinating virus of Japan), hantavirus, and sialodacryoadenitis virus, which are causative agents of major infectious diseases in rats. For this assay, an
ICA strip was placed into a microtube containing 150 µl PBS and either 0.75 µl of rat serum or 1.5 µl of
whole blood. Binding antibodies were visualized by using anti-rat IgG antibody-conjugated colloidal gold. Under these conditions, the multiplex ICA
simultaneously and specifically detected antibodies to multiple antigens. Positive serum samples for each infectious disease were used to evaluate the
sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex ICA. The sensitivities of the multiplex ICA for Sendai virus, hantavirus, and sialodacryoadenitis virus were 100%,
100%, and 81%, respectively. No nonspecific reactions were observed in any of the 52 positive sera against heterologous antigens. In addition, 10 samples of
uninfected sera did not show any bands except for the control line. These observations indicate high specificity of the multiplex ICA. Moreover, the multiplex
ICA could be applied to diluted blood. These results indicate that the multiplex ICA is appropriate for rapid and simple serological testing of laboratory
rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Tosa
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishida
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Experimentation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Hayashimoto
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kanae Shiokawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akira Takakura
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Jiro Arikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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12
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Rabemananjara HA, Raharinosy V, Razafimahefa RM, Ravalohery JP, Rafisandratantsoa JT, Andriamandimby SF, Rajerison M, Rahelinirina S, Harimanana A, Irinantenaina J, Olive MM, Rogier C, Tordo N, Ulrich RG, Reynes JM, Petres S, Heraud JM, Telfer S, Filippone C. Human Exposure to Hantaviruses Associated with Rodents of the Murinae Subfamily, Madagascar. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:587-590. [PMID: 32091377 PMCID: PMC7045827 DOI: 10.3201/eid2603.190320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a national human serologic study of a hantavirus detected in Madagascar rodents using a commercial kit and a new ELISA targeting the virus. Our results suggest a conservative estimate of 2.7% (46/1,680) IgG seroprevalence. A second single-district study using the new ELISA revealed a higher prevalence (7.2%; 10/139).
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13
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Conte FDP, Tinoco BC, Santos Chaves T, de Oliveira RC, Figueira Mansur J, Mohana-Borges R, de Lemos ERS, Neves PCDC, Rodrigues-da-Silva RN. Identification and validation of specific B-cell epitopes of hantaviruses associated to hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007915. [PMID: 31841521 PMCID: PMC6913923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Orthohantavirus infection is a neglected global health problem affecting approximately 200,000 people/year, spread by rodent hosts and associated to fatal human diseases, such as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and orthohantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Circulation of HFRS-associated orthohantaviruses, such as Seoul, Gou, Amur, Dobrava and Hantaan, are supposed to be restricted to Eurasian countries even though their hosts can be a worldwide distribution. Few confirmed HFRS orthohantavirus infections in humans have been reported in American countries, but due to lower medical awareness of the symptoms of this zoonosis, it could be associated to viral underreporting or to misdiagnosis with several tropical hemorrhagic diseases. Serological evidence of orthohantavirus infections, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of immunoglobulin M and G against recombinant nucleoprotein protein, remains as an essential assay for viral surveillance. In this study, we aimed to identify in silico immunogenic B-cell linear epitopes present on orthohantavirus nucleoprotein that are exclusive to HFRS-related species. Methodology/Principal findings In silico analysis were performed using Seoul orthohantavirus nucleoprotein (SHNP) sequence as a model. Linear B-cell-epitopes on SHNP and its immunogenicity were predicted by BepiPred-2.0 and Vaxijen algorithms, respectively. The conservancy of predicted epitopes was compared with the most clinically relevant HFRS or HCPS-associated orthohantavirus, aiming to identify specific sequences from HFRS-orthohantavirus. Peptide validation was carried out by ELISA using Balb/c mice sera immunized with purified recombinant rSHNP. Peptides cross-reactivity against HCPS orthohantavirus were evaluated using immunized sera from mice injected with recombinant Juquitiba orthohantavirus nucleoprotein (rJHNP). Conclusion/Significance In silico analysis revealed nine potential immunogenic linear B-cell epitopes from SHNP; among them, SHNP(G72-D110) and SHNP(P251-D264) showed a high degree of sequence conservation among HFRS-related orthohantavirus and were experimentally validated against rSHNP-IMS and negatively validated against rJHNP-IMS. Taken together, we identified and validated two potential antigenic B-cell epitopes on SHNP, which were conserved among HFRS-associated orthohantavirus and could be applied to the development of novel immunodiagnostic tools for orthohantavirus surveillance. Orthohantaviruses are the etiological agents of serious rodent-borne neglected human diseases named as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and orthohantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). These distinct clinical manifestations of disease are related to specific orthohantavirus species and it is believed that HFRS-associated orthohantavirus mainly circulate into Old World (Asia and Europe) whereas HCPS-associated orthohantaviruses are predominant into New World countries (Americas). However, since Seoul orthohantavirus, associated with HFRS, was isolated in America and its natural host (Rattus norvegicus) are widely distributed around the world, it raised the question if the viral underreporting is associated to lower medical awareness of the symptoms or if it is associated to misdiagnosis with other tropical hemorrhagic diseases (leptospirosis, yellow fever). In this context, considering that the HFRS are clinically indistinguishable from order hemorrhagic diseases, and that serological tests are predominantly based on serology tests against nucleoprotein, a highly conserved protein among different orthohantavirus, we hypothesize that current available tests do not detect all HFRS-associated orthohantavirus. In this sense; we aimed to identify B-cell linear epitopes exclusively conserved on HFRS-associated orthohantavirus nucleoprotein, using a combination of in silico and experimental approaches, to identify targets that could be applied in the development of novel immunodiagnostic tools able to identify different HFRS orthohantavirus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Paiva Conte
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibodies Technology, Immunobiological Technology Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Corrêa Tinoco
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibodies Technology, Immunobiological Technology Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Chaves
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibodies Technology, Immunobiological Technology Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Janaina Figueira Mansur
- Laboratório Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Sarathkumara YD, Gamage CD, Lokupathirage S, Muthusinghe DS, Nanayakkara N, Gunarathne L, Shimizu K, Tsuda Y, Arikawa J, Yoshimatsu K. Exposure to Hantavirus is a Risk Factor Associated with Kidney Diseases in Sri Lanka: A Cross Sectional Study. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080700. [PMID: 31370348 PMCID: PMC6723923 DOI: 10.3390/v11080700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) imposes a substantial burden on public health in Sri Lankan agricultural communities. High seroprevalences of hantavirus have been reported in CKDu patients in several locations of Sri Lanka. We carried out a cross-sectional study followed by an unmatched case-control comparison in two geographically distinct areas of Sri Lanka, Girandurukotte (CKDu endemic) and Kandy (CKDu non-endemic) to determine whether exposure to hantaviruses is a potential risk factor in patients with kidney disease. An indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay using two antigens, Thailand orthohantavirus-infected and recombinant N protein-expressing Vero E6 cells, were used for serodiagnosis. Participants' demographic and other socio-economic data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Fifty kidney disease patients and 270 controls from Kandy and 104 kidney disease patients and 242 controls from Girandurukotte were examined. Seropositivities were 50% and 17.4% in kidney patients and controls, respectively, in Girandurukotte, and they were 18% and 7% in Kandy. The odds of exposure to hantaviruses were higher for kidney disease patients than for controls in both Girandurukotte (OR:3.66, 95% CI:2.01 to 6.64) and Kandy (OR:2.64, 95% CI:1.07 to 6.54) in binary logistic regression models. According to statistical analysis, individuals exposed to hantaviruses had a higher risk of developing renal impairment. Therefore, hantavirus infection might be an important risk factor for development of kidney disease in Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomani D Sarathkumara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandika D Gamage
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Sithumini Lokupathirage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Devinda S Muthusinghe
- Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Nishantha Nanayakkara
- Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Teaching Hospital Kandy, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Kenta Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Tsuda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Jiro Arikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
- Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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15
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Abstract
Hantaviruses, causal agents of the potentially lethal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, have widely distributed rodent hosts. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we tested blood from 398 wild rodents captured in eastern New Mexico, US in 2015-17 and found 42 antibody-positive samples representing six genera.
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16
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Xu L, Wu J, Li Q, Wei Y, Tan Z, Cai J, Guo H, Yang L, Huang X, Chen J, Zhang F, He B, Tu C. Seroprevalence, cross antigenicity and circulation sphere of bat-borne hantaviruses revealed by serological and antigenic analyses. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007545. [PMID: 30668611 PMCID: PMC6358112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are newly identified reservoirs of hantaviruses (HVs) among which very divergent HVs have been discovered in recent years. However, their significance for public health remains unclear since their seroprevalence as well as antigenic relationship with human-infecting HVs have not been investigated. In the present study archived tissues of 1,419 bats of 22 species from 6 families collected in 5 south and southwest provinces in China were screened by pan-HV RT-PCR following viral metagenomic analysis. As a result nine HVs have been identified in two bat species in two provinces and phylogenetically classified into two species, Laibin virus (LAIV, ICTV approved species, 1 strain) and Xuan son virus (XSV, proposed species, 8 strains). Additionally, 709 serum samples of these bats were also analyzed by ELISA to investigate the seroprevalence and cross-reactivity between different HVs using expressed recombinant nucleocapsid proteins (rNPs) of LAIV, XSV and Seoul virus (SEOV). The cross-reactivity of some bat sera were further confirmed by western blot (WB) using three rNPs followed by fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test (FAVNT) against live SEOV. Results showed that the total HV seropositive rate of bat sera was 18.5% (131/709) with many cross reacting with two or all three rNPs and several able to neutralize SEOV. WB analysis using the three rNPs and their specific hyperimmune sera demonstrated cross-reactivity between XSV/SEOV and LAIV/XSV, but not LAIV/SEOV, indicating that XSV is antigenically closer to human-infecting HVs. In addition a study of the distribution of the viruses identified an area covering the region between Chinese Guangxi and North Vietnam, in which XSV and LAIV circulate within different bat colonies with a high seroprevalence. A circulation sphere of bat-borne HVs has therefore been proposed. Some HVs are life-threatening pathogens predominantly carried and transmitted by rodents. In recent years bat-borne HVs have been identified in a broad range of bat species. To understand their significance to public health the present study conducted extensive investigations on genetic diversity, seroprevalence, distribution and cross antigenicity of bat-borne HVs in south and southwest China. The results provide the first profiling of cross-reactivity between bat-borne and human-infecting HVs, demonstrating that some bat sera can neutralize SEOV in cell culture. They also revealed that divergent bat-borne HVs co-exist and are widely distributed in Chinese Guangxi/Yunnan as well as in north Vietnam, resulting in identification of an area between China and Vietnam in which natural circulation of bat-borne HVs is maintained. Given the existence of bat-borne HVs genetically and antigenically close to human-infecting HVs, the need for extensive future studies is emphasized in order to assess the potential risk of these viruses to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yamei Wei
- Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhizhou Tan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianqiu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huancheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ling’en Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (FZ); (BH); (CT)
| | - Biao He
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (FZ); (BH); (CT)
| | - Changchun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (FZ); (BH); (CT)
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17
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Thailand orthohantavirus infection in patients with chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Sri Lanka. Arch Virol 2018; 164:267-271. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Hantaviruses are known to cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. They are globally emerging pathogens as newer serotypes are routinely being reported. This review discusses hantavirus biology, clinical features and pathogenesis of hantavirus disease, its diagnostics, distribution and mammalian hosts. Hantavirus research in India is also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chandy
- International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN), INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India
| | - Dilip Mathai
- Apollo Medical College and Research Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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19
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Reuter M, Krüger DH. The nucleocapsid protein of hantaviruses: much more than a genome-wrapping protein. Virus Genes 2017; 54:5-16. [PMID: 29159494 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nucleocapsid (N) protein of hantaviruses represents an impressive example of a viral multifunctional protein. It encompasses properties as diverse as genome packaging, RNA chaperoning, intracellular protein transport, DNA degradation, intervention in host translation, and restricting host immune responses. These functions all rely on the capability of N to interact with RNA and other viral and cellular proteins. We have compiled data on the N protein of different hantavirus species together with information of the recently published three-dimensional structural data of the protein. The array of diverse functional activities accommodated in the hantaviral N protein goes far beyond to be a static structural protein and makes it an interesting target in the development of antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Reuter
- Institute of Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Detlev H Krüger
- Institute of Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Rönnberg B, Vapalahti O, Goeijenbier M, Reusken C, Gustafsson Å, Blomberg J, Lundkvist Å. Serogrouping and seroepidemiology of North European hantaviruses using a novel broadly targeted synthetic nucleoprotein antigen array. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2017; 7:1350086. [PMID: 28815001 PMCID: PMC5549826 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2017.1350086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hantaviruses are globally distributed zoonotic pathogens. Great diversity and high antigenic cross-reactivity makes diagnosis by traditional methods cumbersome. Materials and methods: ‘Megapeptides’, 119–120-mers from the amino terminus of the nucleoprotein of 16 hantaviruses, representing the four major branches of the hantavirus phylogenetic tree, were utilized in a novel IgG-based hantavirus suspension multiplex immunoassay (HSMIA) for detection of past hantavirus infections in 155 North European human samples. We compared HSMIA with established EIAs and focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT). Results and discussion: The Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) component in the HSMIA gave concordant results with a PUUV IgG EIA in 142 sera from Northern Sweden (of which 31 were EIA positive, 7 borderline and 104 EIA negative, sensitivity 30/31 = 97%, specificity 104/ 104 = 100%, 134/135 = 99% concordance), with another immunoassay in 40 PUUV IgG positive sera from Finland (36/40 = 90% sensitivity), and was concordant in 8 of 11 cases with PUUV and DOBV neutralization titers, respectively. Two major IgG reactivity patterns were found: (i) a PUUV-specific pattern covering phylogroup IV and its serogroups B and C; and (ii) a Dobrava virus (DOBV)-specific pattern, covering the serogroup A portion of phylogroup III. In addition, we found several minor patterns with reactivity to only one or two megapeptides indicating additional hantaviruses infecting humans in the Swedish and Finnish populations. Conclusion: The broadly reactive and rational HSMIA yielded results highly correlated with the established PUUV EIAs and the NT results. It is a sensitive and specific assay, which will be suited for efficient serosurveillance of hantaviruses in humans. Its use in animals should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Rönnberg
- Section of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Chantal Reusken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Åke Gustafsson
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Blomberg
- Section of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Section of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sankar S, Ramamurthy M, Nandagopal B, Sridharan G. T-cell epitopes predicted from the Nucleocapsid protein of Sin Nombre virus restricted to 30 HLA alleles common to the North American population. Bioinformation 2017; 13:94-100. [PMID: 28584450 PMCID: PMC5450251 DOI: 10.6026/97320630013094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in North America is caused by Sin Nombre virus (SNV) and poses a public health problem. We identified T-cell epitopes restricted to HLA alleles commonly seen in the N. American population. Nucleocapsid (N) protein is 428 aminoacid in length and binds to RNA and functions also as a key molecule between virus and host cell processes. The predicted epitopes from N protein that bind to class I MHC were analyzed for human proteasomes cleavage, TAP efficiency, immunogenicity and antigenicity. We identified 8 epitopes through MHC binding prediction, proteasomal cleavage prediction and TAP efficiency. Epitope VMGVIGFSF had highest Vaxijen score and the epitope, TNRAYFITR had highest immunogenicity score. Epitope AAVSALETK and TIACGLFPA had 100% homology to many HCPS causing viruses. Our study focused on T-cell epitope prediction specific to restricted HLA haplotypes of racial groups in North America for the potential vaccine development. Among the candidate epitopes, FLAARCPFL was conserved in SNV, which is suitable for vaccine specific to the virus genotype. Peptide-based vaccines can be designed to include multiple determinants from several hantavirus genotypes, or multiple epitopes from the same genotype. Thereby, immune response will focus solely on relevant epitopes, avoiding non-protective responses or immune evasion. The other advantages include absence of infectious material unlike in live or attenuated vaccines. There is no risk of reversion or formation of adverse reassortants leading to virulence and no risk of genetic integration or recombination forming a rationale for vaccine design including for distinct geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Sankar
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore 632 055, Tamil Nadu,India
| | - Mageshbabu Ramamurthy
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore 632 055, Tamil Nadu,India
| | - Balaji Nandagopal
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore 632 055, Tamil Nadu,India
| | - Gopalan Sridharan
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore 632 055, Tamil Nadu,India
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22
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Antigenicity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein and its potential application in the virus serodiagnosis. Virol Sin 2017; 32:97-100. [PMID: 28120219 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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23
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Kalaiselvan S, Sankar S, Ramamurthy M, Ghosh AR, Nandagopal B, Sridharan G. Prediction of B Cell Epitopes Among Hantavirus Strains Causing Hemorragic Fever With Renal Syndrome. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:1182-1188. [PMID: 27748540 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hantavirus infections are now recognized to be a global problem. The hantaviruses include several genotypic variants of the virus with different distributions in varying geographical regions. The virus genotypes seem to segregate in association with certain manifestations specific for each syndrome. They primarily include HFRS, HCPS, febrile illness with or without mild involvement of renal diseases. In the course of our study on hantavirus etiology of febrile illnesses, we recovered a hantavirus strain identified by nPCR. This has been sequenced to be Hantaan-like virus (partial S segment). The current manuscript is focused on understanding the N protein coded by S segment in terms of variation of amino acid sequences of the virus genotypes associated with HFRS. The diagnosis of this infection is achieved by PCR testing of serum/plasma or demonstration of IgM/IgG in serum. The limitations of PCR are temporal often not positive after 7 days of onset of infection. IgM detection is possible around this period and up to 21 days. IgG detection is less definitive in acute infections. Here, we report characterization of the sequence diversity of HFRS strains, 3D structure of Hantaan N protein, and B-cell epitopes on this molecule. We predicted a 20 amino acid sequence length peptide by using BepiPred online server in IEDB analysis resource program. We suggest this peptide may be used for development of geographic region-specific immunoassays like EIAs for antibody detection, monoclonal antibody development, and immunoblots (line immunoassay). J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1182-1188, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagadevan Kalaiselvan
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, 632 055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Sankar
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, 632 055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mageshbabu Ramamurthy
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, 632 055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Ghosh
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Control, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Nandagopal
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, 632 055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopalan Sridharan
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, 632 055, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Development and validation of a point-of-care test for detecting hantavirus antibodies in human and rodent samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 85:323-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Antigen Detection Using Monoclonal Antibodies to the Nucleocapsid Protein. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004595. [PMID: 27045364 PMCID: PMC4821557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infectious disease with a high case fatality rate, and is caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTS is endemic to China, South Korea, and Japan. The viral RNA level in sera of patients with SFTS is known to be strongly associated with outcomes. Virological SFTS diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity are required in disease endemic areas. Methodology/Principal Findings We generated novel monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the SFTSV nucleocapsid (N) protein and developed a sandwich antigen (Ag)-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of N protein of SFTSV using MAb and polyclonal antibody as capture and detection antibodies, respectively. The Ag-capture system was capable of detecting at least 350–1220 TCID50/100 μl/well from the culture supernatants of various SFTSV strains. The efficacy of the Ag-capture ELISA in SFTS diagnosis was evaluated using serum samples collected from patients suspected of having SFTS in Japan. All 24 serum samples (100%) containing high copy numbers of viral RNA (>105 copies/ml) showed a positive reaction in the Ag-capture ELISA, whereas 12 out of 15 serum samples (80%) containing low copy numbers of viral RNA (<105 copies/ml) showed a negative reaction in the Ag-capture ELISA. Among these Ag-capture ELISA-negative 12 samples, 9 (75%) were positive for IgG antibodies against SFTSV. Conclusions The newly developed Ag-capture ELISA is useful for SFTS diagnosis in acute phase patients with high levels of viremia. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne emerging infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus, SFTS virus (SFTSV). Since first discovered in China in 2011, SFTSV has been detected from SFTS patients and ticks with expanding geographic ranges from China to Japan and South Korea. The potential for SFTS spread to other warm or sub-tropical regions makes it a serious concern to the public health. It is of great importance to detect SFTSV rapidly and specifically for the effective control of the disease. For the diagnosis of viral infections, a sandwich antigen (Ag)-capture ELISA detecting viral nucleoprotein (N) in viremic serum samples has been widely applied to detect the agents, since it is the most abundant viral antigen and has highly conserved amino acid sequence. In this study, using the novel monoclonal antibodies raised against SFSTV-N, an Ag-capture ELISA system was developed, and the validation of this system was performed using sera collected from SFTS-suspected patients. Our data show that the Ag-capture ELISA was useful for the diagnosis of SFTS patients in the acute phase of the disease. This study shows a novel methodology for the diagnosis of SFTS, which may provide helpful information for the effective control of the disease.
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26
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Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: literature review and distribution analysis in China. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 43:95-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Crystal Structure of the Core Region of Hantavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Reveals the Mechanism for Ribonucleoprotein Complex Formation. J Virol 2015; 90:1048-61. [PMID: 26559827 PMCID: PMC4702685 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02523-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hantaviruses, which belong to the genus Hantavirus in the family Bunyaviridae, infect mammals, including humans, causing either hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in humans with high mortality. Hantavirus encodes a nucleocapsid protein (NP) to encapsidate the genome and form a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) together with viral polymerase. Here, we report the crystal structure of the core domains of NP (NPcore) encoded by Sin Nombre virus (SNV) and Andes virus (ANDV), which are two representative members that cause HCPS in the New World. The constructs of SNV and ANDV NPcore exclude the N- and C-terminal portions of full polypeptide to obtain stable proteins for crystallographic study. The structure features an N lobe and a C lobe to clamp RNA-binding crevice and exhibits two protruding extensions in both lobes. The positively charged residues located in the RNA-binding crevice play a key role in RNA binding and virus replication. We further demonstrated that the C-terminal helix and the linker region connecting the N-terminal coiled-coil domain and NPcore are essential for hantavirus NP oligomerization through contacts made with two adjacent protomers. Moreover, electron microscopy (EM) visualization of native RNPs extracted from the virions revealed that a monomer-sized NP-RNA complex is the building block of viral RNP. This work provides insight into the formation of hantavirus RNP and provides an understanding of the evolutionary connections that exist among bunyaviruses. IMPORTANCE Hantaviruses are distributed across a wide and increasing range of host reservoirs throughout the world. In particular, hantaviruses can be transmitted via aerosols of rodent excreta to humans or from human to human and cause HFRS and HCPS, with mortalities of 15% and 50%, respectively. Hantavirus is therefore listed as a category C pathogen. Hantavirus encodes an NP that plays essential roles both in RNP formation and in multiple biological functions. NP is also the exclusive target for the serological diagnoses. This work reveals the structure of hantavirus NP, furthering the knowledge of hantavirus RNP formation, revealing the relationship between hantavirus NP and serological specificity and raising the potential for the development of new diagnosis and therapeutics targeting hantavirus infection.
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28
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Muyangwa M, Martynova EV, Khaiboullina SF, Morzunov SP, Rizvanov AA. Hantaviral Proteins: Structure, Functions, and Role in Hantavirus Infection. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1326. [PMID: 26640463 PMCID: PMC4661284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are the members of the family Bunyaviridae that are naturally maintained in the populations of small mammals, mostly rodents. Most of these viruses can easily infect humans through contact with aerosols or dust generated by contaminated animal waste products. Depending on the particular Hantavirus involved, human infection could result in either hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or in Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. In the past few years, clinical cases of the Hantavirus caused diseases have been on the rise. Understanding structure of the Hantavirus genome and the functions of the key viral proteins are critical for the therapeutic agents’ research. This paper gives a brief overview of the current knowledge on the structure and properties of the Hantavirus nucleoprotein and the glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musalwa Muyangwa
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Martynova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana F Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia ; Nevada Center for Biomedical Research, Reno NV, USA
| | - Sergey P Morzunov
- Department of Pathology and Nevada State Public Health Laboratory, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno NV, USA
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia
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Mattar S, Guzmán C, Figueiredo LT. Diagnosis of hantavirus infection in humans. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:939-46. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1047825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Ling J, Vaheri A, Hepojoki S, Levanov L, Jääskeläinen A, Henttonen H, Vapalahti O, Sironen T, Hepojoki J. Serological survey of Seewis virus antibodies in patients suspected for hantavirus infection in Finland; a cross-reaction between Puumala virus antiserum with Seewis virus N protein? J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1664-75. [PMID: 25787939 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Puumala virus (PUUV, carried by Myodes glareolus) co-circulates with Seewis virus (SWSV, carried by Sorex araneus) in Finland. While PUUV causes 1000-3000 nephropathia epidemica (NE) cases annually, the pathogenicity of SWSV to man is unknown. To study the prevalence of SWSV antibodies in hantavirus fever-like patients' sera, we used recombinant SWSV nucleocapsid (N) protein as the antigen in ELISA, immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunoblotting. While characterizing the recombinant SWSV N protein, we observed that a polyclonal rabbit antiserum against PUUV N protein cross-reacted with SWSV N protein and vice versa. We initially screened 486 (450 PUUV-seronegative and 36 PUUV-seropositive) samples sent to Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory for PUUV serodiagnosis during 2002 and 2007 in an SWSV N protein IgG ELISA. In total, 4.2 % (19/450) of the PUUV-seronegative samples were reactive in the SWSV N protein IgG ELISA and none of the tested samples [43 PUUV-seronegative (weakly reactive in the SWSV IgG ELISA) and 15 random] were reactive in the SWSV N protein IgM ELISA. None of the IgG reactions could be confirmed by IFA or immunoblotting. Furthermore, among the 36 PUUV-seropositive samples three were reactive in SWSV N protein IgG and ten in SWSV N protein IgM ELISA. One PUUV-seropositive sample reacted with SWSV N protein in IFA and four in immunoblotting. Finally, we applied competitive ELISA to confirm that the observed reactivity was due to cross-reactivity rather than a true SWSV response. In conclusion, no evidence of SWSV infection was found among the 486 samples studied; however, we did demonstrate that PUUV antiserum cross-reacted with shrew-borne hantavirus N protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Ling
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Vaheri
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital
| | - Satu Hepojoki
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lev Levanov
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Jääskeläinen
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital
| | | | - Olli Vapalahti
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital 4Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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