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Heck KL, Yi Y, Thornton D, Zheng J, Calderón AI. A comparative metabolomics analysis of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) fruit, food powder, and botanical dietary supplement extracts. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024. [PMID: 38965051 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) is a botanical of interest to many who seek functional foods that provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cancer patients are increasingly taking botanical dietary supplements containing açaí to complement their conventional therapeutics, which may lead to serious adverse events. Before testing our açaí extracts in vitro for botanical-drug interactions, the goal is to chemically characterize our extracts for compounds whose biological activity in açaí is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to develop a chemical fingerprinting method for untargeted characterization of açaí samples from a variety of sources, including food products and botanical dietary supplement capsules, made with multiple extraction solvents. METHODS An optimized LC-MS method was generated for in-depth untargeted fingerprinting of chemical constituents in açaí extracts. Statistical analysis models were used to describe relationships between the açaí extracts based on molecular features found in both positive and negative mode ESI. RESULTS In an attempt to elucidate the differences in metabolites among açaí extracts from different cultivars, we identified or tentatively identified 173 metabolites from the 16 extracts made from 6 different sources. Of these compounds, there are 138 reported in açaí for the first time. Statistical models showed similar yet distinct differences between the extracts tested based on the polarity of compounds present and the origin of the source material. CONCLUSION A high-resolution mass spectrometry method was generated that allowed us to greatly characterize 16 complex extracts made from different sources of açaí with different extraction solvent polarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabre L Heck
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yuyan Yi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Destini Thornton
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jingyi Zheng
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Angela I Calderón
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Monteiro CEDS, de Cerqueira Fiorio B, Silva FGO, de Fathima Felipe de Souza M, Franco ÁX, Lima MADS, Sales TMAL, Mendes TS, Havt A, Barbosa ALR, Resende ÂC, de Moura RS, de Souza MHLP, Soares PMG. A polyphenol-rich açaí seed extract protects against 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in mice through the TLR-4/MyD88/PI3K/mTOR/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway. Nutr Res 2024; 125:1-15. [PMID: 38428258 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Açaí seed extract (ASE) is obtained from Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) plant (Amazon region) has high nutritional and functional value. ASE is rich in polyphenolic compounds, mainly proanthocyanidins. Proanthocyanidins can modulate the immune system and oxidative stress by inhibiting the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. A great deal of evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of intestinal mucositis, and these events can lead to intestinal dysmotility. We hypothesized that ASE acts as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound in intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) through modulation of the TLR-4/MyD88/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase α/mechanistic target of rapamycin/NF-κBp65 pathway. The animals were divided into linear 5-FU (450 mg/kg) and 5-FU + ASE (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) groups. The weight loss of the animals was evaluated daily. Samples from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were obtained for histopathological, biochemical, and functional analyses. ASE reduced weight loss, inflammatory parameters (interleukin-1β; tumor necrosis factor-α; myeloperoxidase activity) and the gene expression of mediators involved in the TLR-2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. ASE prevented histopathological changes with beneficial effects on gastrointestinal transit delay, gastric emptying, and intestinal absorption/permeability. In conclusion, ASE protects the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier by inhibiting the TLR/MyD88/PI3K/mechanistic target of rapamycin/NF-κBp65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bárbara de Cerqueira Fiorio
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Géssica Oliveira Silva
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fathima Felipe de Souza
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Xavier Franco
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Aurélio de Sousa Lima
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Thiago Meneses Araujo Leite Sales
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Tiago Santos Mendes
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxinology, LTM, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Reis Barbosa
- LAFFEX- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Parnaiba Delta Federal University (UFDPAR), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Ângela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos Gomes Soares
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Laurindo LF, Barbalho SM, Araújo AC, Guiguer EL, Mondal A, Bachtel G, Bishayee A. Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in Health and Disease: A Critical Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:989. [PMID: 36839349 PMCID: PMC9965320 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), a species belonging to the Arecaceae family, has been cultivated for thousands of years in tropical Central and South America as a multipurpose dietary plant. The recent introduction of açaí fruit and its nutritional and healing qualities to regions outside its origin has rapidly expanded global demand for açaí berry. The health-promoting and disease-preventing properties of this plant are attributed to numerous bioactive phenolic compounds present in the leaf, pulp, fruit, skin, and seeds. The purpose of this review is to present an up-to-date, comprehensive, and critical evaluation of the health benefits of açaí and its phytochemicals with a special focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that açaí possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and exerts cardioprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, renoprotective, antilipidemic, antidiabetic, and antineoplastic activities. Moreover, clinical trials have suggested that açaí can protect against metabolic stress induced by oxidation, inflammation, vascular abnormalities, and physical exertion. Due to its medicinal properties and the absence of undesirable effects, açaí shows a promising future in health promotion and disease prevention, in addition to a vast economic potential in the food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha 743 234, India
| | - Gabrielle Bachtel
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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Polyphenol-rich açaí seed extract exhibits reno-protective and anti-fibrotic activities in renal tubular cells and mice with kidney failure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20855. [PMID: 36460743 PMCID: PMC9718837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to evaluate the reno-protective effects of a phenolic-rich Açaí seed extract (ASE) in mice with kidney failure. Kidney failure was induced chemically with an adenine-rich diet (0.25% w/w for 4 weeks) in male CD1 Swiss mice. Mice were then provided daily with ASE (at a dose of ~ 350 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 4 weeks. Adenine mice exhibited renal dysfunction evidenced by increased proteinuria, increased uremia, extensive tubular atrophy and kidney fibrosis associated with overexpression of pro-fibrotic genes (collagen 1a1, transforming growth factor β1, TGF-β1) and markers of tubular injury (such as Kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1). ASE was able to beneficially counteract all these effects. ASE improved oxidative damage and fibrosis by decreasing carbonylated protein and MDA concentrations, as well as collagen deposition in renal tissue. ASE decreased the expression of TGF-β1 gene and the abundance of protein TGF-β1 in kidneys. It further decreased both expression and urinary excretion of tubular injury biomarkers, e.g., KIM-1 and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. CKD ASE-treated mice exhibited higher polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity compared to control mice. ASE further prevented the expression of profibrotic genes in HK2 human tubular cells exposed to uremic toxins. Taken together, these findings suggest that ASE exerted potent reno-protective and anti-fibrotic effects through its antioxidant activity and the modulation of the TGF-β1 pathway.
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Jasemi SV, Khazaei H, Momtaz S, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Natural products in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153988. [PMID: 35217434 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a class of lung diseases including chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema. Long-time smoking is considered the main reason for developing emphysema. Emphysema can be defined as damage to the walls of the air sacs (alveoli) of the lung. It has been demonstrated that natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects can effectively improve or protect the lung against this disease. This paper is dedicated to systematically review the effective natural compounds in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema. PURPOSE This is the first systematic and comprehensive review on the role of plant-derived secondary metabolites in managing and/or treating pulmonary emphysema STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic and comprehensive review was done based on Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the "emphysema", "plant", "herb", and "phytochemical" keywords. Non-English, review, and repetitive articles were excluded from the study. Search results were included in the Prisma diagram. RESULTS From a total of 1285 results, finally, 22 articles were included in the present study. The results show that some herbs such as Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Monascus adlay and some phytochemicals such as gallic acid and quercetin and blackboard tree indole alkaloids affect more factors in improving the lung emphysema. Also, some natural compounds such as marijuana smoke and humic acid also play an aggravating role in this disease. It also seems that some of the medicinal plants such as PM014 herbal formula, pomegranate juice and açaí berry sometimes have side effects that are inconsistent with their therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION We concluded that natural compounds can effectively improve pulmonary emphysema due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, additional studies are suggested to prove efficacy and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Vahid Jasemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Ellagic Acid prevents vascular dysfunction in small mesenteric arteries of ovariectomized hypertensive rats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 105:108995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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de Moraes Arnoso BJ, Magliaccio FM, de Araújo CA, de Andrade Soares R, Santos IB, de Bem GF, Fernandes-Santos C, Ognibene DT, de Moura RS, Resende AC, Daleprane JB, Costa CAD. Açaí seed extract (ASE) rich in proanthocyanidins improves cardiovascular remodeling by increasing antioxidant response in obese high-fat diet-fed mice. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109721. [PMID: 34715092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is an important contributor to cardiac mortality. Açaí seed extract (ASE), rich in proanthocyanidins, has been shown to have potential anti-obesity effects. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of ASE in cardiovascular remodeling associated with obesity and compare it with that of rosuvastatin. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet or a standard diet for 12 weeks. The ASE (300 mg/kg/day) and rosuvastatin (20 mg/kg/day) treatments started in the 8th week until the 12th week, totaling 4 weeks of treatment. Our data showed that treatment with ASE and rosuvastatin reduced body weight, ameliorated lipid profile, and improved cardiovascular remodeling. Treatment with ASE but not rosuvastatin reduced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress by reducing immunostaining of 8-isoprostane and increasing SOD-1 and GPx expression in HFD mice. ASE and rosuvastatin reduced NOX4 expression, increased SIRT-1 and Nrf2 expression and catalase and GPx activities, and improved vascular and cardiac remodeling in HFD mice. The therapeutic effect of ASE was similar to that of rosuvastatin in reducing dyslipidemia and cardiovascular remodeling but was superior in reducing oxidative damage and hyperglycemia, suggesting that ASE was a promising natural product for the treatment of cardiovascular alterations associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizia Mansur Magliaccio
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Alves de Araújo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fernandes-Santos
- Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Health, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Techno-economic evaluation for recovering phenolic compounds from acai (Euterpe oleracea) by-product by pressurized liquid extraction. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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CARVALHO LMJD, ESMERINO AA, CARVALHO JLVD. Jussaí (Euterpe edulis): a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.08422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Magalhães P, Domingues RM, Alves E. Hemp Seeds, Flaxseed, and Açaí Berries: Health Benefits and Nutritional
Importance with Emphasis on the Lipid Content. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401317666210624142643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Some plant seeds and berries have gained increased recognition due to their wide
variety of bioactive compounds. Many of these foods are rich in lipids with high nutritional
value, of which n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids stand out. However, knowledge of the chemical
composition and biological activity of these compounds and their value as a source of
healthy lipids is far from being fully explored.
The benefits of the intake of hemp seeds, flaxseed, and açaí berries, considered functional
foods, have been compiled in this review. Likewise, their general chemical composition will be
described to evaluate their relevance in a healthy diet, highlighting their lipid components and
health lipid indices.
The fibres and essential fatty acids of hemp seeds and flaxseed and the antioxidant properties
of açaí berries provide them protective roles against several chronic non-communicable diseases
and represent significant beneficial effects that add value to these healthy natural products.
More research is needed to deepen the knowledge on their lipids’ molecular composition and
bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Magalhães
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosário M. Domingues
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro,
Portugal
| | - Eliana Alves
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Kudo R, Yuui K, Kasuda S. Endothelium-Independent Relaxation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Induced by Persimmon-Derived Polyphenol Phytocomplex in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010089. [PMID: 35010964 PMCID: PMC8746468 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasorelaxant effect of polyphenols is well known, and the mortality rate due to coronary artery disease is low in people who consume polyphenol-containing foods. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which polyphenols derived from persimmon juice (PJ) and persimmon leaves (PLs) induce vasorelaxation and suppress vasocontraction in the superior mesenteric arteries isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats. Vasocontraction was induced with 1 µM phenylephrine, and polyphenol-induced vasorelaxation was expressed as a percentage of the previous tone induced by phenylephrine. PJ powder (100 mg/L) induced higher levels of vasorelaxation (mean ± standard error of the mean, 88.6% ± 4.4%) than PLs powder (1 g/L; 72.0% ± 10.8%). Nitric oxide pathway inhibitors (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester + carboxy-PTIO) did not affect persimmon-derived polyphenol-induced vasorelaxation, whereas potassium chloride, tetraethylammonium, and potassium-channel inhibitors did. Vasorelaxation was endothelium independent with both extracts. Phenylephrine-induced vasocontraction was suppressed by pretreatment with PJ and PLs powder, even when inositol triphosphate-mediated Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx were inhibited. These results suggest that persimmon-derived polyphenol phytocomplex cause vasorelaxation and inhibit vasocontraction through hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells. Persimmon-derived polyphenols may be able to prevent cardiovascular diseases caused by abnormal contraction of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kudo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-29-8843
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Pontes VCB, Tavares JPTDM, Rosenstock TR, Rodrigues DS, Yudi MI, Soares JPM, Ribeiro SC, Sutti R, Torres LMB, de Melo FHM, Gamberini MT. Increased acute blood flow induced by the aqueous extract of Euterpe oleracea Mart. fruit pulp in rats in vivo is not related to the direct activation of endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113885. [PMID: 33539952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scientific evidence supports the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-lipidemic properties of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí), which all converge to reduce cardiovascular risks. Macerating the pulp of açaí fruit produces a viscous aqueous extract (AE) rich in flavonoids that is commonly used in food production. In addition to nutritional aspects, cardiovascular benefits are attributed to AE by traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluation of AE impact on blood flow in vivo in rats and investigation of the mechanism underlying this response in vitro in rat endothelial cells (RECs). MATERIALS AND METHODS For the measurement of acute blood flow, a perivascular ultrasound probe was used in Wistar rats. The in vitro assays employed REC to evaluate: concentration (1-1000 μg/mL) and time response (2-180 min) of AE in MTT cell viability assays; nitric oxide (NO) levels measurement and intracellular calcium handling using DAF-2DA and Fluo-4-AM, respectively; cellular biopterin content by HPLC; activation of Akt pathway using western blot analysis. For the chemical analyses of AE, stock solutions of the standards (+)catechin and quercetin were used for obtaining linear calibration curves. Identification and quantification of flavonoids in AE were based on comparisons with the retention times, increase in peak area determine by co-injection of AE with standards, UV-Vis scan and standard curves of known spectra. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Although in vivo data have revealed the participation of NO in increasing of acute blood flow on abdominal aorta, in vitro analysis demonstrated that vasodilatation AE-induced is not related to its direct action on endothelial cells inducing eNOS activation. Besides, we demonstrated in isolated endothelial cells that highest concentrations of AE caused a reduction in NO levels, effect that could be partly justified by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation which, in turn, could decrease NOS activation. The involvement of cell transduction pathways involving variations in intracellular calcium and biopterins concentration were discarded. The participation of catechin and quercetin, identified in AE, was postulated to induce the responses of AE in REC. CONCLUSIONS Despite the responses in vitro, vasodilation prevailed in vivo, probably by activating intermediate pathways, validating a potential beneficial effect of AE in reducing cardiovascular risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Caroline Bottino Pontes
- Department of Physiological Sciences Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Domingos Sávio Rodrigues
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Centro de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico e Reservas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Icimoto Yudi
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Pereira Moura Soares
- Department of Physiological Sciences Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Suzana Costa Ribeiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Sutti
- Department of Physiological Sciences Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luce Maria Brandão Torres
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Centro de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico e Reservas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Thereza Gamberini
- Department of Physiological Sciences Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Vilhena JC, Lopes de Melo Cunha L, Jorge TM, de Lucena Machado M, de Andrade Soares R, Santos IB, Freitas de Bem G, Fernandes-Santos C, Ognibene DT, Soares de Moura R, de Castro Resende A, Aguiar da Costa C. Açaí Reverses Adverse Cardiovascular Remodeling in Renovascular Hypertension: A Comparative Effect With Enalapril. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:673-684. [PMID: 33661593 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine if açai seed extract (ASE) could reverse pre-existing cardiovascular and renal injury in an experimental model of renovascular hypertension (2 kidney, 1 clip, 2K1C). Young male rats (Wistar) were used to obtain 2K1C and sham groups. Animals received the vehicle, ASE (200 mg/kg/d), or enalapril (30 mg/kg/d) in drinking water from the third to sixth week after surgery. We evaluated systolic blood pressure by tail plethysmography, vascular reactivity in the rat isolated mesenteric arterial bed (MAB), serum and urinary parameters, plasma inflammatory cytokines by ELISA, MAB expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and its active form peNOS by Western blot, plasma and MAB oxidative damage and antioxidant activity by spectrophotometry, and vascular and cardiac structural changes by histological analysis. ASE and enalapril reduced the systolic blood pressure, restored the endothelial and renal functions, and decreased the inflammatory cytokines and the oxidative stress in 2K1C rats. Furthermore, both treatments reduced vascular and cardiac remodeling. ASE substantially reduced cardiovascular remodeling and recovered endothelial dysfunction in 2K1C rats probably through its antihypertensive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions, supplying a natural resource for the treatment of renovascular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Calfa Vilhena
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; and
| | - Letícia Lopes de Melo Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; and
| | - Tayenne Moraes Jorge
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; and
| | - Marcella de Lucena Machado
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; and
| | - Ricardo de Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; and
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; and
| | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; and
| | - Caroline Fernandes-Santos
- Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Health, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; and
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; and
| | - Angela de Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; and
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; and
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Muto NA, Hamoy M, Rodrigues Lucas DC, Teixeira BB, Santos Almeida AF, de Castro Navegantes T, de Sousa Ferreira de Sá VS, de Moraes BP, do Vale Medeiros JP, Dos Santos YA, da Rocha CQ, de Mello VJ, Rogez H. Myorelaxation, respiratory depression and electrocardiographic changes caused by the administration of extract of açai ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) stone in rats. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:829-838. [PMID: 33868963 PMCID: PMC8044785 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological and pharmacological properties of natural polyphenols of the extract of Euterpe oleracea stone (EEOS) are associated with the central nervous system (CNS). To investigate the sedative and myorelaxant activity of EEOS in vivo, this study aimed to present the myorelaxant and sedative effects of EEOS in Wistar rats using spontaneous locomotor activity and motor electrophysiology. A total of 108 animals were used in the following experiments: a) behavioral tests (n = 27); b) electromyographic recordings of skeletal muscle (n = 27); c) respiratory muscle activity recordings (n = 27); d) cardiac muscle activity recordings (n = 27). The behavioral characteristics were measured according to the latency time of onset, the transient loss of posture reflex and maximum muscle relaxation. Electrodes were implanted in the gastrocnemius muscle and in the tenth intercostal space for electromyographic (EMG) signal capture to record muscle contraction, and in the D2 lead for electrocardiogram acquisition. After using the 300 mg/kg dose of EEOS intraperitoneally, a myorelaxant activity exhibited a lower frequency of contractility with an amplitude pattern of low and short duration at gastrocnemius muscle and intercostal muscle, which clearly describes a myorelaxant activity and changes in cardiac activity. The present report is so far the first study to demonstrate the myorelaxant activity of this extract, indicating an alternative route for açai stone valorization and its application in pharmaceutical fields.
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Key Words
- ACB, abdominal-costal breathing
- CNS, Central Nervous System
- DMACA, p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde
- DZP, diazepam
- ECG
- EEOS, extract of E. oleracea stone
- EMG
- EMG, electromyographic
- EMGs, electromyographs
- ESI-IT-MS, Electrospray ionization Ion-Trap Mass spectrometry
- Euterpe oleracea
- GABAA, γ-aminobutyric acid type A
- HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- Myorelaxant
- RC, Respiratory Control
- RD, respiratory depression
- RPR, Rhythmic and Profound Respiration
- Sedative
- mg CAE/g DE, milligrams of catechin equivalents per gram of dried extract
- mg CE/g DE, milligrams of cyanidin equivalents per gram of dried extract
- mg GAE/g DE, milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dried extract
- mg MRE/g DE, miligrams of myricetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside equivalents per gram of dried extract
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilton Akio Muto
- UFPA & Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Moisés Hamoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, ICB-UFPA, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Brito Teixeira
- UFPA & Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hervé Rogez
- UFPA & Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
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15
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Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Modulators of Endothelium Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052533. [PMID: 33802468 PMCID: PMC7959468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide. They may be caused by various factors or combinations of factors. Frequently, endothelial dysfunction is involved in either development of the disorder or results from it. On the other hand, the endothelium may be disordered for other reasons, e.g., due to infection, such as COVID-19. The understanding of the role and significance of the endothelium in the body has changed significantly over time—from a simple physical barrier to a complex system encompassing local and systemic regulation of numerous processes in the body. Endothelium disorders may arise from impairment of one or more signaling pathways affecting dilator or constrictor activity, including nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate activation, prostacyclin–cyclic adenosine monophosphate activation, phosphodiesterase inhibition, and potassium channel activation or intracellular calcium level inhibition. In this review, plants are summarized as sources of biologically active substances affecting the endothelium. This paper compares individual substances and mechanisms that are known to affect the endothelium, and which subsequently may cause the development of cardiovascular disorders.
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16
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Aguiar LM, Bicas JL, Fuentes E, Alarcón M, Gonzalez IP, Pastore GM, Maróstica MR, Cazarin CBB. Non-nutrients and nutrients from Latin American fruits for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Food Res Int 2020; 139:109844. [PMID: 33509467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been rapidly increasing; among them, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for around 1/3 of deaths in the world. Environmental factors play a central role in their development. Diet is a very important factor in this scenario, and the intake of fruits and vegetables has been considered as one of the critical strategies for reducing the risk of CVDs. Fruits are a source of micronutrients and bioactive compounds that could have cardioprotective effects through several distinct mechanisms, such as antioxidant, antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities, vasodilatation, improvement of plasma lipid profiles, and modulation of inflammatory signaling. Brazil has a very rich and unexplored biodiversity in its different biomes, with several types of fruit, which are a source of bioactive compounds and micronutrients with therapeutic properties. In this sense, this review shows the current knowledge regarding the cardioprotective properties of selected Latin American and Brazilian fruits, including their effects on the activation of platelets and on the inflammation processes involved in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Marinho Aguiar
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Lemos Bicas
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 2 norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 2 norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| | - Ivan Palomo Gonzalez
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 2 norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| | - Gláucia Maria Pastore
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas/SP, Brazil.
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas/SP, Brazil.
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas/SP, Brazil.
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Chemical Composition and Bioactive Properties of Commercial and Non-Commercial Purple and White Açaí Berries. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101481. [PMID: 33081306 PMCID: PMC7602988 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical composition analysis of açaí extracts revealed higher levels of total polyphenol content in purple açaí samples for both commercial (4.3–44.7 gallic acid equivalents mg/g) and non-commercial samples (30.2–42.0 mg/g) compared to white (8.2–11.9 mg/g) and oil samples (0.8–4.6 mg/g). The major anthocyanin compounds found in purple açaí samples were cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside with total concentrations in the range of 3.6–14.3 cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents mg/g. The oligomeric proanthocyanidins were quantified in the range of 1.5–6.1 procyanidin B1 equivalents mg/g. Moreover, açaí presented significant levels of calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc and copper, essential minor and trace elements, in comparison with other berries. All of the açaí extracts at 50 μg/mL potently inhibited the release of reactive oxygen species in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, but none inhibited the release of nitric oxide. Furthermore, all the açaí samples demonstrated potential as wound healing agents due to the high levels of migration activity in human fibroblast cells.
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Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Açaí) attenuates experimental colitis in rats: involvement of TLR4/COX-2/NF-ĸB. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:193-204. [PMID: 32996043 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Euterpe oleracea Mart., commonly known as açaí, has been demonstrated to exhibit significantly antioxidant and inflammatory activities in experimental models. These effects of the hydroalcoholic extract from the açaí seed (ASE) were investigated in TNBS-induced (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid) acute colitis model in rats. Wistar rats (180-220 g) were orally pretreated with saline (0.3 mL), ASE (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (control group, 1 mg/kg) once daily for 3 days starting before TNBS instillation. On day 3 after TNBS, the animals were euthanized, the portion of distal colon was collected and washed with 0.9% saline for macroscopy and histological evaluation, glutathione (GSH) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and catalase (CAT) activity, nitrate and nitrite (NO3/NO2) concentration, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and intestinal barrier integrity. We also evaluated Toll-like Receptor 4/cyclooxygenase-2/nuclear factor kappa B expression as a possible mechanism related to the ASE effects. Treatment with ASE 100 mg/kg decreased significantly macroscopic and microscopic damage induced by TNBS. In addition, MPO activity, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and IL-1β (interleukin 1) levels were reduced in rats with colitis. ASE 100 mg/kg restored GSH and MDA levels, CAT activity, NO3/NO2 concentration and improved the intestinal barrier integrity in the TNBS group. ASE 100 mg/kg significantly reduced TNBS-induced expression of the TLR4, COX-2 and NF-κB p65. ASE 100 mg/kg improved macroscopy and histological parameters, inflammation, intestinal barrier integrity and nitric and oxidative stress through the TLR-4/COX-2/NF-κB pathway.
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de Andrade Soares R, de Oliveira BC, de Bem GF, de Menezes MP, Romão MH, Santos IB, da Costa CA, de Carvalho LCDRM, Nascimento ALR, de Carvalho JJ, Ognibene DT, de Moura RS, Resende AC. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract improves aerobic exercise performance in rats. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109549. [PMID: 32846601 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the supplementation with an açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract (ASE) would affect the aerobic exercise performance in rats and correlate with the vascular function, muscle oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Sedentary, Sedentary with chronic supplementation of ASE, Training, Training with chronic (200 mg/Kg/day intragastric gavage for 5 weeks) or acute (30 min before the maximal treadmill stress test (MST) supplementation with ASE. The exercise training was performed on a treadmill (30 min/day; 5 days/week) for 4 weeks. The chronic supplementation with ASE increased the exercise time (58%) and the running distance (129%) in relation to the MST, while the Training group increased 40% and 78% and the Training with acute ASE group increased 30% and 63%, respectively. The training-induced increase of ACh vasodilation was not changed by ASE, but the norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction was reduced by chronic and acute supplementation with ASE. The increased levels of malondialdehyde in soleus muscle homogenates from the Training group was reduced only by chronic supplementation with ASE. The muscle antioxidant defense, NO2 levels, and expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins (PGC1α, SIRT-1, p-AMPK/AMPK, Nrf-2) were not different between Training and Sedentary groups, but all these parameters were increased in the Training with Chronic ASE compared with the Sedentary groups. In conclusion, chronic supplementation with ASE improves aerobic physical performance by increasing the vascular function, reducing the oxidative stress, and up-regulating the mitochondrial biogenesis key proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus Pontes de Menezes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus Henrique Romão
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Rosa Nascimento
- Department of Histology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge José de Carvalho
- Department of Histology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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20
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Tavares TB, Santos IB, de Bem GF, Ognibene DT, da Rocha APM, de Moura RS, Resende ADC, Daleprane JB, da Costa CA. Therapeutic effects of açaí seed extract on hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced obesity in male mice: a comparative effect with rosuvastatin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1921-1932. [PMID: 32856322 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is considered a risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the açai seed (ASE), rich in proanthocyanidins, has been shown a potential body weight regulator with antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of ASE in obesity-associated NAFLD and compare it with Rosuvastatin. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice received a high-fat diet or standard diet for 12 weeks. The treatments with ASE (300 mg/kg per day) or rosuvastatin (20 mg/kg per day) began in the eighth week until the 12th week. KEY FINDINGS Our data show that the treatments with ASE and rosuvastatin reduced body weight and hyperglycaemia, improved lipid profile and attenuated hepatic steatosis in HFD mice. ASE and Rosuvastatin reduced HMGCoA-Reductase and SREBP-1C and increased ABGC8 and pAMPK expressions in the liver. Additionally, ASE, but not Rosuvastatin, reduced NPC1L1 and increased ABCG5 and PPAR-α expressions. ASE and rosuvastatin increased SIRT-1 expression and antioxidant defence, although only ASE was able to decrease the oxidative damage in hepatic tissue. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic effect of ASE was similar to that of rosuvastatin in reducing dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis but was better in reducing oxidative damage and hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Barros Tavares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela de Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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de Bem GF, Okinga A, Ognibene DT, da Costa CA, Santos IB, Soares RA, Silva DLB, da Rocha APM, Isnardo Fernandes J, Fraga MC, Filgueiras CC, Manhães AC, Soares de Moura R, Resende AC. Anxiolytic and antioxidant effects of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) seed extract in adult rat offspring submitted to periodic maternal separation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1277-1286. [PMID: 32516542 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many studies suggest a protective role of phenolic compounds in mood disorders. We aimed to assess the effect of Euterpe oleracea (açaí) seed extract (ASE) on anxiety induced by periodic maternal separation (PMS) in adult male rats. Animals were divided into 6 groups: control, ASE, fluoxetine (FLU), PMS, PMS+ASE, and PMS+FLU. For PMS, pups were separated daily from the dam for 3 h between postnatal day (PN) 2 and PN21. ASE (200 mg·kg-1·day-1) and FLU (10 mg·kg-1·day-1) were administered by gavage for 34 days after stress induction, starting at PN76. At PN106 and PN108, the rats were submitted to open field (OF) and forced swim tests, respectively. At PN110, the rats were sacrificed by decapitation. ASE increased time spent in the center area in the OF test, glucocorticoid receptors in the hypothalamus, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TRKB) levels in the hippocampus, and nitrite levels and antioxidant activity in the brain stem (PMS+ASE group compared with PMS group). ASE also reduced plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone levels, adrenal norepinephrine levels, and oxidative damage in the brain stem in adult male offspring submitted to PMS. In conclusion, ASE treatment has an anti-anxiety effect in rats submitted to PMS by reducing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity and increasing the nitric oxide (NO)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TRKB pathway and antioxidant defense in the central nervous system. Novelty ASE has anti-anxiety and antioxidant effects in early-life stress. ASE reduces hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity. The anxiolytic effect of ASE may involve activation of the NO-BDNF-TRKB pathway in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Anicet Okinga
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Dafne Lopes Beserra Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Machado da Rocha
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Jemima Isnardo Fernandes
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Mabel Carneiro Fraga
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Carneiro Filgueiras
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Alex Christian Manhães
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
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de Almeida Magalhães TSS, de Oliveira Macedo PC, Converti A, Neves de Lima ÁA. The Use of Euterpe oleracea Mart. As a New Perspective for Disease Treatment and Prevention. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060813. [PMID: 32466439 PMCID: PMC7356995 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Euterpe oleracea Mart. (EO), popularly known as açaí, belongs to the Arecaceae family and grows abundantly in Brazil. The fruit of this palm tree is widely used because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this review, a search for literature and patent technological prospecting has been performed on the use of EO to treat and prevent diseases as well as to prepare pharmaceutical formulations. EO leaves, fruits, and oil stand out for their large number of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, anticancer, anti-atherogenic, and healing activities, protection against metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, and protection of organs such as lung, kidney, liver, heart, and nervous system. While the phytochemical composition is intrinsically linked to identified biological activities, discoveries of the past decade concerning the use of this species have shown pharmacological alternatives mainly in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer and metabolic syndromes. Although studies and inventions on the use of EO though are believed to have been important in light of the pharmacological activities found, few clinical and toxicity tests have been performed. Nevertheless, with the increase of interest in EO, this species is believed to be only at the beginning of the breakthroughs in the development of promising products for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Sévia Soares de Almeida Magalhães
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório Escola de Farmácia Industrial, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59012-570, Brazil; (T.S.S.d.A.M.); (P.C.d.O.M.)
| | - Pollyana Cristina de Oliveira Macedo
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório Escola de Farmácia Industrial, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59012-570, Brazil; (T.S.S.d.A.M.); (P.C.d.O.M.)
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, Genoa University, I-16145 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Ádley Antonini Neves de Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório Escola de Farmácia Industrial, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59012-570, Brazil; (T.S.S.d.A.M.); (P.C.d.O.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(84)-99928-8864
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Santos IB, de Bem GF, da Costa CA, de Carvalho LCRM, de Medeiros AF, Silva DLB, Romão MH, de Andrade Soares R, Ognibene DT, de Moura RS, Resende AC. Açaí seed extract prevents the renin-angiotensin system activation, oxidative stress and inflammation in white adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed mice. Nutr Res 2020; 79:35-49. [PMID: 32610256 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress, and inflammation on the development of obesity and its comorbidities has been extensively addressed. Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) seed extract (ASE), with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and capable to modulate plasma renin levels, has been evidenced as a potential regulator of body mass. We hypothesized that the supplementation with ASE might exert beneficial effects on obesity-related white adipose tissue changes and metabolic disorders by interfering with the local adipose tissue overexpression of RAS, inflammation, and oxidative stress in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. The animals were fed a standard diet (10% fat, control), 60% fat (HF), HF + ASE (300 mg/kg per day) and HF + ENA (enalapril, 30 mg/kg per day) for 12 weeks. ASE and ENA prevented weight gain and adiposity, adipocyte hypertrophy, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. In adipose tissue, ASE increased the insulin receptor expression and reduced renin and AT1 receptor expression, which was associated with decreased plasma levels of renin and angiotensin II. Differently, ENA increased the expression of angiotensin-conversing enzyme 2, AT2, B2, and Mas receptors in adipose tissue. Also, ASE but not ENA decreased malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostane levels in adipose tissue. Finally, ASE and ENA reduced the adipose tissue inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6. These results demonstrate that ASE prevented the adipocyte hypertrophy, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance in HF diet-fed mice. The downregulation of RAS in adipose tissue, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, may contribute to the prevention of obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Amanda Faria de Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Dafne Lopes Beserra Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Henrique Romão
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo de Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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da Silva ADS, Nunes DVQ, Carvalho LCDRMD, Santos IB, de Menezes MP, de Bem GF, Costa CAD, Moura RSD, Resende AC, Ognibene DT. Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Mart) seed extract protects against maternal vascular dysfunction, hypertension, and fetal growth restriction in experimental preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2020; 39:211-219. [PMID: 32306786 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2020.1754850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) seed extract (ASE) prevents maternal cardiovascular changes and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in experimental preeclampsia (PE).Methods: ASE administration (200 mg/kg/day) during mid to late pregnancy in a rat model of L-NAME-induced PE.Results: ASE impaired the maternal hypertension and microalbuminuria as well as the lower fetal and placental weight in experimental PE. ASE also prevented the maternal vascular dysfunction and lipoperoxidation in this model.Conclusion: ASE protected against maternal cardiovascular changes and IUGR in the L-NAME-induced PE. The protective effect of ASE may be partly explained by its antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Val Quintans Nunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus Pontes de Menezes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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da Costa GF, Ognibene DT, da Costa CA, Teixeira MT, Cordeiro VDSC, de Bem GF, Moura AS, Resende ADC, de Moura RS. Vitis vinifera L. Grape Skin Extract Prevents Development of Hypertension and Altered Lipid Profile in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Role of Oxidative Stress. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:25-31. [PMID: 32292752 PMCID: PMC7143014 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effect of a Vitis vinifera L. grape skin extract (ACH09) on blood pressure, lipid profile, and oxidative status in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels, as well as oxidative damage and antioxidant activity in the plasma and kidney, were evaluated in four experimental groups: control Wistar rats (W-C) and SHR-C that received water, and Wistar rats and SHR treated with ACH09 (200 mg/kg/d) in drinking water for 12 weeks (W-ACH09 and SHR-ACH09, respectively). SBP increased in the SHR group compared with the W groups and the treatment with ACH09 prevented the development of hypertension. Plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels increased in SHR compared with W-C rats; these changes prevented by treatment with ACH09. Glucose levels did not differ between the groups. The SHR group had increased oxidative damage in plasma, as expressed by 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, and this prevented by ACH09. Levels of TBARS in the kidneys were lower in the SHR-ACH09 group than in the SHR-C group. Further, ACH09 increased the superoxide dismutase activity in both the plasma and kidneys of both SHR and Wistar rats. These results suggest that ACH09 is protective against disruption of blood pressures, oxidant status, and lipid profile in SHR, and provide important evidence on the benefits of ACH09 on hypertension and associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michelle Teixeira Teixeira
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-240, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aníbal Sanchez Moura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
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Romão MH, de Bem GF, Santos IB, de Andrade Soares R, Ognibene DT, de Moura RS, da Costa CA, Resende ÂC. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract protects against hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in high-fat diet-fed mice: Role of local renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress and inflammation. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Monteiro EB, Soares EDR, Trindade PL, de Bem GF, Resende ADC, Passos MMCDF, Soulage CO, Daleprane JB. Uraemic toxin-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in human endothelial cells: protective effect of polyphenol-rich extract from açaí. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:542-551. [PMID: 31876965 DOI: 10.1113/ep088080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does a polyphenol-rich extract from açaí have a potential role in preventing uraemic toxin-induced endothelial cell dysfunction? What is the main finding and its importance? Polyphenols from açaí prevented cell death, restored migratory capacity, protected from inflammation and contributed to the restoration of the antioxidant response in endothelial cells exposed to uraemic toxins. The protective role of açaí against toxic effects exerted by uraemic toxins presents a potential new therapeutic target in endothelial cells. ABSTRACT In chronic kidney disease (CKD), progressive loss of kidney function results in the accumulation of protein-bound uraemic toxins such as p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS). Among strategies to ameliorate the harmful actions of uraemic toxins, phenolic compounds have been extensively studied. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of phenolic-rich açaí seed extract (ASE) in response to endothelial dysfunction induced by IS and pCS, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cells were treated with ASE (10 µg ml-1 ) in the presence or absence of IS (61 µg ml-1 ) and pCS (40 µg ml-1 ). Cell viability, cell death, cell migratory capacity and inflammatory biomarker expression were evaluated. Cellular antioxidant response was measured through the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative damage was evaluated. IS and pCS lowered cell viability, triggered cell death and lowered the migratory capacity in endothelial cells (P < 0.05). ASE prevented cell death and restored the migratory capacity in cells exposed to IS. Both toxins up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and ASE was able to beneficially counteract this effect. Tumour necrosis factor-α secretion was greater in uraemic toxin-treated cells and ASE reversed this phenomenon in cells treated with both toxins concomitantly (P < 0.05). With regard to the antioxidant response, superoxide dismutase expression was strikingly lower in cells treated with both toxins, and ASE inhibited this harmful effect (P < 0.05). From the results, we conclude that ASE exerted protective effects on inflammation and oxidative stress caused by uraemic toxins (particularly by IS) in human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bernardes Monteiro
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Université de Lyon, INSERM U1060, CarMeN, INSA de Lyon, Univ Lyon-1, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elaine Dos Ramos Soares
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Letícia Trindade
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela de Castro Resende
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Magna Maria Cottini da Fonseca Passos
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Rants'o TA, Jung D, Lopez E, Abbott K, Pondugula SR, McLendon L, Qian J, Hansen RA, Calderón AI. Screening for CYP3A4 inhibition and induction coupled to parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) for prediction of botanical-drug interactions: The case of açaí and maca. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 59:152915. [PMID: 30981185 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of botanical dietary supplements (BDS) is a common practice among the US population. However, the potential for botanical-drug interactions exists, and their mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied. CYP3A4 is an important enzyme that contributes to the metabolism of about 60% of clinically used drugs. PURPOSE To investigate the potential for botanical-drug interactions of Lepidium meyenii Walpers (maca) root and Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) berries, two commonly used BDS, when co-administered with CYP3A4-metabolized drugs. METHODS In an attempt to decrease the general discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro studies, the absorption profiles, particularly for passive diffusion, of plant extracts were investigated. Specifically, the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) model was utilized to simulate intestinal filtration of passively diffused constituents of açaí and maca extracts. These were subsequently screened for in vitro liver CYP3A4 inhibition and induction. In the inhibition assay, midazolam was used as the probe substrate on genotyped human liver microsomes (CYP3A5 null), and the production of its 1'-substituted metabolite when co-cultured with extract treatments was monitored. In the induction assay, extract treatments were applied to human primary hepatocytes, and quantitative PCR analysis was performed to determine CYP3A4 mRNA expression. RESULTS Passively diffused constituents of the methanol açaí extract (IC50 of 28.03 µg/µl) demonstrated the highest inhibition potential, and, at 1.5 µg/µl, induced significant changes in CYP3A4 gene expression. The composition of this extract was further investigated using the chemometric tool Mass Profiler Professional (MPP) on liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) data. Subsequently, five compounds of interest characterized by high abundance or high permeability were extracted for further study. This included efforts in effective passive permeability determination and structural elucidation by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). CONCLUSION The passively absorbable portion of a methanol açaí extract exhibited inhibition and induction effects on CYP3A4 suggesting the potential to produce botanical-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilue Zhang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thankhoe A Rants'o
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Da Jung
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lopez
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kodye Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Lane McLendon
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jingjing Qian
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Richard A Hansen
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Angela I Calderón
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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de Oliveira NKS, Almeida MRS, Pontes FMM, Barcelos MP, de Paula da Silva CHT, Rosa JMC, Cruz RAS, da Silva Hage-Melim LI. Antioxidant Effect of Flavonoids Present in Euterpe oleracea Martius and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Literature Review. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:75-99. [PMID: 31057125 DOI: 10.2174/1871524919666190502105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are progressive, directly affecting the central nervous system (CNS), the most common and recurrent are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). One factor frequently mentioned in the etiology of NDDs is the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress, producing cellular damages. Studies have shown that the consumption of foods rich in polyphenols, especially those of the flavonoid class, has been related to the low risk in the development of several diseases. Due to the antioxidant properties present in the food, a fruit that has been gaining prominence among these foods is the Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí), because it presents in its composition significant amounts of a subclass of the flavonoids, the anthocyanins. METHODS In the case review, the authors receive a basic background on the most common NDDs, oxidative stress and antioxidants. In addition, revisiting the various studies related to NDDs, including flavonoids and consumption of açaí. RESULTS Detailed analysis of the recently reported case studies reveal that dietary consumption of flavonoid-rich foods, such as açaí fruits, suggests the efficacy to attenuate neurodegeneration and prevent or reverse the age-dependent deterioration of cognitive function. CONCLUSION This systematic review points out that flavonoids presenting in açaí have the potential for the treatment of diseases such as PD and AD and are candidates for drugs in future clinical research. However, there is a need for in vitro and in vivo studies with polyphenol that prove and ratify the therapeutic potential of this fruit for several NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Rafael Silva Almeida
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (PharMedChem), Federal University of Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - Franco Márcio Maciel Pontes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (PharMedChem), Federal University of Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pegrucci Barcelos
- Computational Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Tomich de Paula da Silva
- Computational Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joaquín María Campos Rosa
- Computational Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain, Instituto de Investigación, Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Açai ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Seed Extract Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Lung Carcinoma Cells. Foods 2018; 7:foods7110178. [PMID: 30373103 PMCID: PMC6262440 DOI: 10.3390/foods7110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Açai fruit has been studied for its antioxidant properties, with positive feedback against many diseases, including cancer. Although açai seeds are not edible, their composition has been studied in order to find new applications and reduce garbage generation. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and impacts on the cell cycle and apoptosis of açai seed extract (ASE) on human lung carcinoma cell line (A549). Antioxidant activity of açai seed extract (ASE) was measured by DPPH assay, Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (ABTS/TEAC), Ferric Reducing Ability (FRAP) and Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Human lung carcinoma cell viability (A549) was monitored by MTT assay method and the effects on cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The results indicate high antioxidant activity in ASE and high values of total phenolic compounds (37.08 ± 8.56 g gallic acid/100 g). The MTT assay showed a maximum decrease (72.07%) in the viability of A549 cells after 48 h treatment with ASE (200 µg/mL). Flow cytometer analysis revealed that ASE increased the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase and promoted a high increase of apoptotic cells when compared to the untreated cells. The present study suggests that ASE has a high antioxidant capacity and may have a protective effect against lung cancer.
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van den Driessche JJ, Plat J, Mensink RP. Effects of superfoods on risk factors of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of human intervention trials. Food Funct 2018; 9:1944-1966. [PMID: 29557436 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01792h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional foods can be effective in the prevention of metabolic syndrome and subsequently the onset of cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes mellitus. More recently, however, another term was introduced to describe foods with additional health benefits: "superfoods", for which, to date, no generally accepted definition exists. Nonetheless, their consumption might contribute to the prevention of metabolic syndrome, for example due to the presence of potentially bioactive compounds. This review provides an overview of controlled human intervention studies with foods described as "superfoods" and their effects on metabolic syndrome parameters. First, an Internet search was performed to identify foods described as superfoods. For these superfoods, controlled human intervention trials were identified until April 2017 investigating the effects of superfood consumption on metabolic syndrome parameters: waist circumference or BMI, blood pressure, or concentrations of HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol or glucose. Seventeen superfoods were identified, including a total of 113 intervention trials: blueberries (8 studies), cranberries (8), goji berries (3), strawberries (7), chili peppers (3), garlic (21), ginger (10), chia seed (5), flaxseed (22), quinoa (1), cocoa (16), maca (1), spirulina (7), wheatgrass (1), acai berries (0), hemp seed (0) and bee pollen (0). Overall, only limited evidence was found for the effects of the foods described as superfoods on metabolic syndrome parameters, since results were not consistent or the number of controlled intervention trials was limited. The inconsistencies might have been related to intervention-related factors, such as duration or dose. Furthermore, conclusions may be different if other health benefits are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J van den Driessche
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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de Bem GF, Costa CA, Santos IB, Cristino Cordeiro VDS, de Carvalho LCRM, de Souza MAV, Soares RDA, Sousa PJDC, Ognibene DT, Resende AC, de Moura RS. Antidiabetic effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) extract and exercise training on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A positive interaction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199207. [PMID: 29920546 PMCID: PMC6007924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a protective role of polyphenols and exercise training on the disorders of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to assess the effect of the açaí seed extract (ASE) associated with exercise training on diabetic complications induced by high-fat (HF) diet plus streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding rats with HF diet (55% fat) for 5 weeks and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg i.p.). Control (C) and Diabetic (D) animals were subdivided into four groups each: Sedentary, Training, ASE Sedentary, and ASE Training. ASE (200 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage and the exercise training was performed on a treadmill (30min/day; 5 days/week) for 4 weeks after the diabetes induction. In type 2 diabetic rats, the treatment with ASE reduced blood glucose, insulin resistance, leptin and IL-6 levels, lipid profile, and vascular dysfunction. ASE increased the expression of insulin signaling proteins in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and plasma GLP-1 levels. ASE associated with exercise training potentiated the reduction of glycemia by decreasing TNF-α levels, increasing pAKT and adiponectin expressions in adipose tissue, and IR and pAMPK expressions in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, ASE treatment has an antidiabetic effect in type 2 diabetic rats by activating the insulin-signaling pathway in muscle and adipose tissue, increasing GLP-1 levels, and an anti-inflammatory action. Exercise training potentiates the glucose-lowering effect of ASE by activating adiponectin-AMPK pathway and increasing IR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo de Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Martins ICVS, Borges NA, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Rogez H, Pinheiro MCN, Nascimento JLM, Mafra D. The value of the Brazilian açai fruit as a therapeutic nutritional strategy for chronic kidney disease patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:2207-2220. [PMID: 29915880 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) fruit from the Amazon region in Brazil contains bioactive compounds such as α-tocopherol, anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-glycoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside), and other flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, the prebiotic activity of anthocyanins in modulating the composition of gut microbiota has emerged as an additional mechanism by which anthocyanins exert health-promoting effects. Açai consumption may be a nutritional therapeutic strategy for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients since these patients present with oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysbiosis. However, the ability of açai to modulate these conditions has not been studied in CKD, and this review presents recent information about açai and its possible therapeutic effects in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C V S Martins
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Federal University Pará (UFPA), Av. Generalíssimo Deodoro, 92 - Umarizal, Belém, PA, 66055-240, Brazil.
| | - Natália A Borges
- Cardiovascular Science Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hervé Rogez
- Centre for Agro-food Valorisation of Amazonian Bioactive Compound, UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - José L M Nascimento
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Federal University Pará (UFPA), Av. Generalíssimo Deodoro, 92 - Umarizal, Belém, PA, 66055-240, Brazil
- Neuroscience Research, Ceuma University, São Luis, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Cardiovascular Science Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
- Medical Science Graduate Program, UFF, Niterói, Brazil
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Effects of açaí and cilostazol on skin microcirculation and viability of TRAM flaps in hamsters. J Surg Res 2018; 228:253-262. [PMID: 29907219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue necrosis caused by insufficient perfusion is a major complication in flap transfer. This study evaluated whether treatment with cilostazol or hydroalcoholic extract of seeds of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) protects the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap against ischemic damage in hamsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four hamsters were divided into three oral treatment groups: placebo, açaí, or cilostazol. Caudally based, unipedicled TRAM flaps were raised, sutured back, classified into four vascular zones (I-IV), and evaluated for tissue viability, capillary blood flow (CBF), perfused vessel density (PVD), and microvascular flow index (MFI) by orthogonal polarization spectral imaging at three time points: immediately postoperatively (IPO), 24 h postoperatively (24hPO), and 7 d postoperatively (7POD). RESULTS Comparing to placebo, açaí increased PVD at IPO and açaí and cilostazol increased CBF and PVD at 24hPO in zone I; cilostazol increased CBF, PVD, and MFI at IPO, and CBF at 24hPO in zone II; açaí and cilostazol increased CBF at all time points and PVD and MFI at IPO and 24hPO in zone III; cilostazol increased CBF at IPO and 7POD, açaí increased CBF at 7POD, and both increased PVD and MFI at all time points in zone IV; and açaí and cilostazol increased the percentage of viable area in zones III and IV. CONCLUSIONS Açaí and cilostazol treatments had a protective effect against ischemic damage to TRAM flaps in hamsters, improving microvascular blood flow and increasing the survival of flap zones contralateral to the vascular pedicle (zones III and IV).
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Chattopadhyay D, Thirumurugan K. Longevity promoting efficacies of different plant extracts in lower model organisms. Mech Ageing Dev 2018. [PMID: 29526449 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Past investigations have shown that various plant extracts are capable of promoting longevity in lower model organisms like Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bombyx mori etc. Longevity studies on such organisms provide a foundation to explore anti-aging efficacies of such plant extracts in higher organisms. Plant extracts of acai palm, apple, asparagus, blueberry, cinnamon, cocoa, Damnacanthus, maize, milk thistle, mistletoe, peach, pomegranate, Rhodiola, rose, Sasa, turmeric, and Withania have extended lifespan in lower model organisms via diverse mechanisms like insulin like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Knowledge of pathways altered by the extracts can be investigated as potential drug-targets for natural anti-aging interventions. Thus, the aim of the review is to scrutinize longevity promoting efficacies of various plant extracts in lower model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Chattopadhyay
- 206, Structural Biology Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- 206, Structural Biology Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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de Bem GF, da Costa CA, da Silva Cristino Cordeiro V, Santos IB, de Carvalho LCRM, de Andrade Soares R, Ribeiro JH, de Souza MAV, da Cunha Sousa PJ, Ognibene DT, Resende AC, de Moura RS. Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) seed extract associated with exercise training reduces hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetic male rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 52:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ferreira LG, Evora PRB, Capellini VK, Albuquerque AA, Carvalho MTM, Gomes RADS, Parolini MT, Celotto AC. Effect of rosmarinic acid on the arterial blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats: Role of ACE. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 38:158-165. [PMID: 29425648 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, it has been demonstrated the inhibitory effect of some plant species on the angiotensin-converting enzyme and rosmarinic acid is a prominent constituent of these species. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This study was carried out to verify the effect of rosmarinic acid on blood pressure through inhibitory activity on angiotensin-converting enzyme in rats. STUDY DESIGN The arterial hypertension was promoted using 2-kidneys 1-clip model in rats. The potential inhibitory rosmarinic acid effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was compared with captopril actions by analyzing in vivo blood pressure dose-response curves to angiotensin I and bradykinin. The in vitro plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was measured by fluorimetry using the substrate Abz-FRK(Dnp)P-OH substrate. In addition, dosages of nitrite/nítrate analysis were carried out. RESULTS (1) rosmarinic acid caused systolic blood pressure dose-dependent decrease in hypertensive rats; (2) The angiotensin I dose-response curves demonstrated that rosmarinic acid promotes minor changes in systolic blood pressure only in the hypertensive group; (3) The bradykinin dose-response curves showed that both rosmarinic acid and captopril promoted a systolic blood pressure reduction, but only the captopril effect was significant; (4) The angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in rat lung tissue was inhibited by the rosmarinic acid in a dose dependent manner; (5) The analysis of nitrite/nítrate plasma concentrations showed no significant difference among the experimental groups. CONCLUSION The rosmarinic acid is effective in reducing blood pressure, selectively, only in hypertensive animals. The rosmarinic acid (173µM) promoted almost a 98.96% reduction on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Garros Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Barbosa Evora
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Verena Kise Capellini
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnes Afrodite Albuquerque
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio Menezes Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Túlio Parolini
- Institute of Biological and Natural Science, University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrea Carla Celotto
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, SP, Brazil.
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Soares ER, Monteiro EB, de Bem GF, Inada KO, Torres AG, Perrone D, Soulage CO, Monteiro MC, Resende AC, Moura-Nunes N, Costa CA, Daleprane JB. Up-regulation of Nrf2-antioxidant signaling by Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) extract prevents oxidative stress in human endothelial cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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da Costa CA, Ognibene DT, Cordeiro VSC, de Bem GF, Santos IB, Soares RA, de Melo Cunha LL, Carvalho LCR, de Moura RS, Resende AC. Effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. Seeds Extract on Chronic Ischemic Renal Injury in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats. J Med Food 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia L. de Melo Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lenize C. R.M. Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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da Silva Cristino Cordeiro V, de Bem GF, da Costa CA, Santos IB, de Carvalho LCRM, Ognibene DT, da Rocha APM, de Carvalho JJ, de Moura RS, Resende AC. Euterpe oleracea Mart. seed extract protects against renal injury in diabetic and spontaneously hypertensive rats: role of inflammation and oxidative stress. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:817-832. [PMID: 28105508 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) seed extract (ASE), through its anti-hypertensive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may be useful to treat or prevent human diseases. Several evidences suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that ASE (200 mg/kg-1day-1) prevents diabetes and hypertension-related oxidative stress and inflammation, attenuating renal injury. METHODS Male rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (D), and spontaneously hypertensive rats with STZ-induced diabetes (DH) were treated daily with tap water or ASE (D + ASE and DH + ASE, respectively) for 45 days. The control (C) and hypertensive (H) animals received water. RESULTS The elevated serum levels of urea and creatinine in D and DH, and increased albumin excretion in HD were reduced by ASE. Total glomeruli number in D and DH, were increased by ASE that also reduced renal fibrosis in both groups by decreasing collagen IV and TGF-β1 expression. ASE improved biomarkers of renal filtration barrier (podocin and nephrin) in D and DH groups and prevented the increased expression of caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in both groups. ASE reduced oxidative damage markers (TBARS, carbonyl levels and 8-isoprostane) in D and DH associated with a decrease in Nox 4 and p47 subunit expression and increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in both groups (SOD, catalase and GPx). CONCLUSION ASE substantially reduced renal injury and prevented renal dysfunction by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and improving the renal filtration barrier, providing a nutritional resource for prevention of diabetic and hypertensive-related nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane da Silva Cristino Cordeiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro, nº 87, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro, nº 87, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro, nº 87, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro, nº 87, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Lenize Costa Reis Marins de Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro, nº 87, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro, nº 87, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Machado da Rocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro, nº 87, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Jorge José de Carvalho
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro, nº 87, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro, nº 87, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro, nº 87, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20551-030, Brazil.
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Heitor RDS, Daniele DCDA, Ariadna LP, Hady K, Jesus RRA, José CTC. Euterpe oleracea Mart. (aai): an old known plant with a new perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2016.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Machado DE, Rodrigues-Baptista KC, Alessandra-Perini J, Soares de Moura R, dos Santos TA, Pereira KG, Marinho da Silva Y, Souza PJC, Nasciutti LE, Perini JA. Euterpe oleracea Extract (Açaí) Is a Promising Novel Pharmacological Therapeutic Treatment for Experimental Endometriosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166059. [PMID: 27851787 PMCID: PMC5113045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Euterpe oleracea extract (açaí) on the growth and survival of endometriotic lesions using an experimental model. Twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups after the implantation and establishment of autologous endometrium onto the peritoneum abdominal wall and treated with 200 mg/kg hydroalcoholic solution extract from açaí stone or vehicle via gastric tube for 30 consecutive days. Body weight, lesion surface areas, histological and immunohistochemistry analyses of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and F4-80 were performed. Levels of VEGF, VEGFR-2, MMP-9 and COX-2 mRNA were measured. Flow cytometry of F4-80 was performed, and ELISA immunoassays measured prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), VEGF and nitric oxide (NO) and concentrations. Macrophage cell line J774.G8 was treated with 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL of açaí for 24, 48 and 72 h, and cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Açaí treatment significantly decreased the implant size, and histological examination indicated atrophy and regression. A reduction in immunostaining and mRNA expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and COX-2 was observed, and F4-80 was lower in the treated group than the control group. The treated group also exhibited lower concentrations of PGE2, VEGF and NO compared to the control group. Macrophages cells treated with 20 and 40 μg/ml of açaí reduced cell viability in about 50% after 24, 48 and 72 h. Our results suggest that açaí effectively suppressed the establishment and growth of endometriotic lesions, and this agent is a promising novel pharmacological therapeutic treatment for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Escorsim Machado
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Karina Cristina Rodrigues-Baptista
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jessica Alessandra-Perini
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Thiago Alves dos Santos
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - Kariny Gomes Pereira
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Yasmin Marinho da Silva
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Dutra RC, Campos MM, Santos AR, Calixto JB. Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:4-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) from Colombia. Food Chem 2016; 217:364-372. [PMID: 27664647 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Berries of Colombian Euterpe oleracea Mart. were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), anthocyanin (ACN) content, and antioxidant activity. Additionally, reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (RP-UHPLC-PDA) and heated electrospray ionization (HESI) multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) were used to determine the composition of phenolic compounds. Anthocyanin content was 0.57±0.39mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/g fresh weight (FW) and TPC was 6.07±2.17mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g FW. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was 3.1±1.3μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/100g FW, whereas the DPPH value was 2693.1±332.8μmol TE/100g FW. Overall, results show that Colombian açai has a more diverse polyphenolic profile and higher antioxidant activity than Brazilian açai. This information could be useful in authentification procedures to differentiate Brazilian açai from Colombian açai when used as an alternative for the supply of this fruit during the time of shortage in Brazil.
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Marques ES, Froder JG, Carvalho JCT, Rosa PCP, Perazzo FF, Maistro EL. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of Euterpe oleraceae Mart. (Arecaceae) fruit oil (açaí), in mammalian cells in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 93:13-9. [PMID: 27125964 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
E. oleracea is a tropical plant from the Amazon region, with its fruit used for food, and traditionally, as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, for atherosclerotic disease, and has anticancer properties. The oil of the fruit has antidiarrheic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, but without genotoxicity evaluation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of E. oleracea fruit oil (EOO), in rat cells. Male Wistar rats were treated with EOO by gavage at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, for 14 days, within a 24 h interval. The DNA damage in the leukocytes, liver, bone marrow and testicular cells, was assessed by the comet assay, and the clastogenic/aneugenic effects in the bone marrow cells, by the micronucleus test. Our phytochemicals characterization of the EOO showed the presence of vanillic, palmitic, γ-linolenic, linoleic, oleic, cinnamic, caffeic, protocatechuic, ferulic, syringic acids, and flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol rutinoside as the main constituents. Both cytogenetic tests performed showed that EOO presented no significant genotoxic effects in the analyzed cells, at the three tested doses. These results indicate that, under our experimental conditions, E. oleracea fruit oil did not reveal genetic toxicity in rat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Marques
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - J G Froder
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - J C T Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - P C P Rosa
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - F F Perazzo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - E L Maistro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Marília, SP, Brazil.
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de Oliveira PRB, da Costa CA, de Bem GF, Cordeiro VSC, Santos IB, de Carvalho LCRM, da Conceição EPS, Lisboa PC, Ognibene DT, Sousa PJC, Martins GR, da Silva AJR, de Moura RS, Resende AC. Euterpe oleracea Mart.-Derived Polyphenols Protect Mice from Diet-Induced Obesity and Fatty Liver by Regulating Hepatic Lipogenesis and Cholesterol Excretion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143721. [PMID: 26630290 PMCID: PMC4668108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a polyphenol-rich Açaí seed extract (ASE, 300 mg/kg-1d-1) on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice that were fed a high-fat (HF) diet and its underlying mechanisms based on hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Four groups were studied: C57BL/6 mice that were fed with standard diet (10% fat, Control), 10% fat + ASE (ASE), 60% fat (HF), and 60% fat + ASE (HF + ASE) for 12 weeks. We evaluated the food intake, body weight gain, serum glucose and lipid profile, hepatic cholesterol and triacyglycerol (TG), hepatic expression of pAMPK, lipogenic proteins (SREBP-1c, pACC, ACC, HMG-CoA reductase) and cholesterol excretion transporters, ABCG5 and ABCG8. We also evaluated the steatosis in liver sections and oxidative stress. ASE reduced body weight gain, food intake, glucose levels, accumulation of cholesterol and TG in the liver, which was associated with a reduction of hepatic steatosis. The increased expressions of SREBP-1c and HMG-CoA reductase and reduced expressions of pAMPK and pACC/ACC in HF group were antagonized by ASE. The ABCG5 and ABCG8 transporters expressions were increased by the extract. The antioxidant effect of ASE was demonstrated in liver of HF mice by restoration of SOD, CAT and GPx activities and reduction of the increased levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation. In conclusion, ASE substantially reduced the obesity and hepatic steatosis induced by HF diet by reducing lipogenesis, increasing cholesterol excretion and improving oxidative stress in the liver, providing a nutritional resource for prevention of obesity-related adiposity and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Raquel B. de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A. da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graziele F. de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viviane S. C. Cordeiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izabelle B. Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lenize C. R. M. de Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ellen Paula S. da Conceição
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayane T. Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roberto S. de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela C. Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Costa RG, Andreola K, de Andrade Mattietto R, de Faria LJG, Taranto OP. Effect of operating conditions on the yield and quality of açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) powder produced in spouted bed. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sudo RT, Neto ML, Monteiro CE, Amaral RV, Resende ÂC, Souza PJ, Zapata-Sudo G, Moura RS. Antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract from Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Açaí) in a rodent model of acute and neuropathic pain. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:208. [PMID: 26134625 PMCID: PMC4489033 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Plants rich in flavonoids, such as açaí (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.), can induce antinociception in experimental animals. Here, we tested an extract obtained from the stones of açaí fruits (açaí stone extract, ASE), a native plant from the Amazon region of Brazil, in models of acute/inflammatory and chronic pain. Methods Antinociceptive effects of ASE were evaluated in the hot plate, formalin, acetic acid writhing, carrageenan, and neuropathic pain models, as well as in thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia models induced by spinal nerve ligation. Antinociceptive activities were modulated by the administration of cholinergic, adrenergic, opioid, and L-arginine-NO antagonists. Results Oral administration of ASE (30, 100, or 300 mg.kg−1) dose-dependently reduced nociceptive responses to acute/inflammatory pain in mice, including thermal hyperalgesia, acetic acid-induced writhing, and carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia. Moreover, ASE reduced the neurogenic and inflammatory phases after intraplantar injection of formalin in mice. The antinociceptive effect of ASE (100 mg · kg−1) in a hot plate protocol, was inhibited by pre-treatment with naloxone (1 mg · kg−1), atropine (2 mg · kg−1), yohimbine (5 mg · kg−1), or L-NAME (30 mg · kg−1). Furthermore, ASE prevented chronic pain in a rat spinal nerve ligation model, including thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Conclusion ASE showed significant antinociceptive effect via a multifactorial mechanism of action, indicating that the extract may be useful in the development of new analgesic drugs.
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