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Memar Montazerin S, Hassanzadeh S, Najafi H, Shojaei F, Kumanayaka D, Suleiman A. The genetics of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a scoping review. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2024; 25:569-586. [PMID: 38916232 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a multifactorial process that involves predisposing factors and precipitating stressors. Genetic abnormality has been implicated to play a mechanistic role in the development of SCAD. This systematic review aims to summarize the current evidence concerning the link between SCAD and genetic abnormalities. METHODS We reviewed original studies published until May 2023 that reported SCAD patients with a genetic mutation by searching PubMed, Embase Ovid, and Google Scholar. Registries, cohort studies, and case reports were included if a definitive SCAD diagnosis was reported, and the genetic analysis was performed. Exclusion criteria included editorials, reviews, letters or commentaries, animal studies, meeting papers, and studies from which we were unable to extract data. Data were extracted from published reports. RESULTS A total of 595 studies were screened and 55 studies were identified. Among 116 SCAD patients with genetic abnormalities, 20% had mutations in the COL gene, 13.70% TLN1 gene, and 8.42% TSR1 gene. Mutations affecting the genes encoding COL and TLN1 were most frequently reported (20 and 13.7%, respectively). Interestingly, 15 genes of this collection were also reported in patients with thoracic aortic diseases as well. The genetic commonality between fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and SCAD was also included. CONCLUSION In this review, the inherited conditions and reported genes of undetermined significance from case reports associated with SCAD are collected. A brief description of the encoded protein and the clinical features associated with pathologic genes is provided. Current data suggested that the diagnostic yield of genetic studies for patients with SCAD would be low and routine genetic screening of such patients with no clinical features indicative of associated disorders remains debatable. This review can be used as a guide for clinicians to recognize inherited syndromic and nonsyndromic disorders associated with SCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Memar Montazerin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Shakiba Hassanzadeh
- Department of Pathology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Homa Najafi
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Dilesha Kumanayaka
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Addi Suleiman
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey
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2
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Tsai MC, Cho RL, Lin CS, Jheng YS, Lien CF, Chen CC, Tzeng BH. Ca v3.1 T-type calcium channel blocker NNC 55-0396 reduces atherosclerosis by increasing cholesterol efflux. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116096. [PMID: 38423188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are commonly used as antihypertensive agents. While certain L-type CCBs exhibit antiatherogenic effects, the impact of Cav3.1 T-type CCBs on antiatherogenesis and lipid metabolism remains unexplored. NNC 55-0396 (NNC) is a highly selective blocker of T-type calcium channels (Cav3.1 channels). We investigated the effects of NNC on relevant molecules and molecular mechanisms in human THP-1 macrophages. Cholesterol efflux, an indicator of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) efficiency, was assessed using [3H]-labeled cholesterol. In vivo, high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) mice, an atherosclerosis-prone model, underwent histochemical staining to analyze plaque burden. Treatment of THP-1 macrophages with NNC facilitated cholesterol efflux and reduced intracellular cholesterol accumulation. Pharmacological and genetic interventions demonstrated that NNC treatment or Cav3.1 knockdown significantly enhanced the protein expression of scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) transcription factor. Mechanistic analysis revealed that NNC activates p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, leading to increased expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and LXRα-without involving the microRNA pathway. LXRα isrequired for NNC-induced ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression. Administering NNC diminished atherosclerotic lesion area and lipid deposition in HCD-fed Ldlr-/- mice. NNC's anti-atherosclerotic effects, achieved through enhanced cholesterol efflux and inhibition of lipid accumulation, suggest a promising therapeutic approach for hypertensive patients with atherosclerosis. This research highlights the potential of Cav3.1 T-type CCBs in addressing cardiovascular complications associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Ling Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sin Jheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Lien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hsiean Tzeng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei 220, Taiwan.
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3
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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4
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Kim HJ, Li M, Nichols CG, Davis MJ. Large-conductance calcium-activated K + channels, rather than K ATP channels, mediate the inhibitory effects of nitric oxide on mouse lymphatic pumping. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4119-4136. [PMID: 34213021 PMCID: PMC9793343 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE KATP channels are negative regulators of lymphatic vessel excitability and contractility and are proposed to be targets for immune cell products that inhibit lymph transport. Previous studies in rat and guinea pig mesenteric lymphatics found that NO-mediated inhibition of lymphatic contraction was prevented or reversed by the KATP channel inhibitor, glibenclamide. We revisited this hypothesis using mouse lymphatic vessels and KATP channel knockout mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mouse popliteal lymphatics were isolated, and contractility was assessed using pressure myography. K+ channel expression was determined by PCR analysis of FACS-purified lymphatic smooth muscle cells. KEY RESULTS The NO-producing agonist, ACh, and the NO donor, NONOate, both produced dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous lymphatic contractions that were blocked by the soluble GC inhibitor, ODQ, or the PKG inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS. Surprisingly, the inhibitory effects of both were preserved in Kir 6.1-/- vessels, suggesting that KATP channels did not mediate NO-induced responses. We hypothesized a role for BK channels, given their prominence in arterial smooth muscle. Indeed, BK channels were expressed in mouse lymphatic smooth muscle and NS11021 (a BK channel activator) caused dilation and reduced contraction frequency, whereas iberiotoxin and penitrem A (BK channel inhibitors) produced right-ward shifts in NONOate concentration-response curves. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Inhibition of mouse lymphatic contractions by NO primarily involves activation of BK channels, rather than KATP channels. Thus, BK channels are a potential target for therapeutic reversal of lymph pump inhibition by NO generated by immune cell activation of iNOS in chronic lymphoedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Colin G. Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael J. Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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5
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Smith JF, Lemmey HA, Borysova L, Hiley CR, Dora KA, Garland CJ. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Suppresses Action-Potential-Like Transient Spikes and Vasospasm in Small Resistance Arteries. Hypertension 2020; 76:785-794. [PMID: 32713276 PMCID: PMC7418934 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction in small arteries is a ubiquitous, early feature of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. Dysfunction reflects reduced bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and depressed endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization that enhances vasoreactivity. We measured smooth muscle membrane potential and tension, smooth muscle calcium, and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in small arteries and isolated tubes of endothelium to investigate how dysfunction enhances vasoreactivity. Rat nonmyogenic mesenteric resistance arteries developed vasomotion to micromolar phenylephrine (α1-adrenoceptor agonist); symmetrical vasoconstrictor oscillations mediated by L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Inhibiting NO synthesis abolished vasomotion so nanomolar phenylephrine now stimulated rapid, transient depolarizing spikes in the smooth muscle associated with chaotic vasomotion/vasospasm. Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization block also enabled phenylephrine-vasospasm but without spikes or chaotic vasomotion. Depolarizing spikes were Ca2+-based and abolished by either T-type or L-type VGCCs blockers with depressed vasoconstriction. Removing NO also enabled transient spikes/vasoconstriction to Bay K-8644 (L-type VGCC activator). However, these were abolished by the L-type VGCC blocker nifedipine but not T-type VGCC block. Phenylephrine also initiated T-type VGCC-transient spikes and enhanced vasoconstriction after NO loss in nonmyogenic arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats. In contrast to mesenteric arteries, myogenic coronary arteries displayed transient spikes and further vasoconstriction spontaneously on loss of NO. T-type VGCC block abolished these spikes and additional vasoconstriction but not myogenic tone. Therefore, in myogenic and nonmyogenic small arteries, reduced NO bioavailability engages T-type VGCCs, triggering transient depolarizing spikes in normally quiescent vascular smooth muscle to cause vasospasm. T-type block may offer a means to suppress vasospasm without inhibiting myogenic tone mediated by L-type VGCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh F. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Universityxs of Oxford (J.F.S., H.A.L.L., L.B, K.A.D., C.J.G.)
| | - Hamish A.L. Lemmey
- Department of Pharmacology, Universityxs of Oxford (J.F.S., H.A.L.L., L.B, K.A.D., C.J.G.)
| | - Lyudmyla Borysova
- Department of Pharmacology, Universityxs of Oxford (J.F.S., H.A.L.L., L.B, K.A.D., C.J.G.)
| | - C. Robin Hiley
- From the Deptartment of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge (C.R.H.)
| | - Kim A. Dora
- Department of Pharmacology, Universityxs of Oxford (J.F.S., H.A.L.L., L.B, K.A.D., C.J.G.)
| | - Christopher J. Garland
- Department of Pharmacology, Universityxs of Oxford (J.F.S., H.A.L.L., L.B, K.A.D., C.J.G.)
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of small peripheral arteries contribute to blood pressure control by adapting their contractile state. These adaptations depend on the VSMC cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, regulated by complex local elementary Ca2+ signaling pathways. Ca2+ sparks represent local, transient, rapid calcium release events from a cluster of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In arterial SMCs, Ca2+ sparks activate nearby calcium-dependent potassium channels, cause membrane hyperpolarization and thus decrease the global intracellular [Ca2+] to oppose vasoconstriction. Arterial SMC Cav1.2 L-type channels regulate intracellular calcium stores content, which in turn modulates calcium efflux through RyRs. Cav3.2 T-type channels contribute to a minor extend to Ca2+ spark generation in certain types of arteries. Their localization within cell membrane caveolae is essential. We summarize present data on local elementary calcium signaling (Ca2+ sparks) in arterial SMCs with focus on RyR isoforms, large-conductance calcium-dependent potassium (BKCa) channels, and cell membrane-bound calcium channels (Cav1.2 and Cav3.2), particularly in caveolar microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Fan
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yingqiu Cui
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
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7
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Akar E, Batçık KE, Acar C, Ton Ö, Canaz H, Baydın S, Akdemir O, Alataş İ. A Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Melatonin and Nimodipine on Vasospasm. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.5799/jcei.458757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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Beaudin AE, Hartmann SE, Pun M, Poulin MJ. Human cerebral blood flow control during hypoxia: focus on chronic pulmonary obstructive disease and obstructive sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1350-1361. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00352.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a vital organ that relies on a constant and adequate blood flow to match oxygen and glucose delivery with the local metabolic demands of active neurons. Thus exquisite regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is particularly important under hypoxic conditions to prevent a detrimental decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen within the brain tissues. Cerebrovascular sensitivity to hypoxia, assessed as the change in CBF during a hypoxic challenge, represents the capacity of cerebral vessels to respond to, and compensate for, a reduced oxygen supply, and has been shown to be impaired or blunted in a number of conditions. For instance, this is observed with aging, and in clinical conditions such as untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and in healthy humans exposed to intermittent hypoxia. This review will 1) provide a brief overview of cerebral blood flow regulation and results of pharmacological intervention studies which we have performed to better elucidate the basic mechanisms of cerebrovascular regulation in humans; and 2) present data from studies in clinical and healthy populations, using a translational physiology approach, to investigate human CBF control during hypoxia. Results from studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and OSA will be presented to identify the effects of the disease processes on cerebrovascular sensitivity to hypoxia. Data emerging from experimental human models of intermittent hypoxia during wakefulness will also be reviewed to highlight the effects of intermittent hypoxia on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Beaudin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sara E. Hartmann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matiram Pun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marc J. Poulin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Greenberg HZE, Shi J, Jahan KS, Martinucci MC, Gilbert SJ, Vanessa Ho WS, Albert AP. Stimulation of calcium-sensing receptors induces endothelium-dependent vasorelaxations via nitric oxide production and activation of IKCa channels. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 80:75-84. [PMID: 26772767 PMCID: PMC4830458 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of vascular calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) is reported to induce both constrictions and relaxations. However, cellular mechanisms involved in these responses remain unclear. The present study investigates the effect of stimulating CaSRs on vascular contractility and focuses on the role of the endothelium, nitric oxide (NO) and K(+) channels in these responses. In wire myography studies, increasing [Ca(2+)]o from 1mM to 6mM induced concentration-dependent relaxations of methoxamine pre-contracted rabbit mesenteric arteries. [Ca(2+)]o-induced relaxations were dependent on a functional endothelium, and were inhibited by the negative allosteric CaSR modulator Calhex-231. [Ca(2+)]o-induced relaxations were reduced by inhibitors of endothelial NO synthase, guanylate cyclase, and protein kinase G. CaSR activation also induced NO production in freshly isolated endothelial cells (ECs) in experiments using the fluorescent NO indicator DAF-FM. Pre-treatment with inhibitors of large (BKCa) and intermediate (IKCa) Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (iberiotoxin and charybdotoxin), and Kv7 channels (linopirdine) also reduced [Ca(2+)]o-induced vasorelaxations. Increasing [Ca(2+)]o also activated IKCa currents in perforated-patch recordings of isolated mesenteric artery ECs. These findings indicate that stimulation of CaSRs induces endothelium-dependent vasorelaxations which are mediated by two separate pathways involving production of NO and activation of IKCa channels. NO stimulates PKG leading to BKCa activation in vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas IKCa activity contributes to endothelium-derived hyperpolarisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Z E Greenberg
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Jian Shi
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Kazi S Jahan
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Matthew C Martinucci
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Steven J Gilbert
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - W-S Vanessa Ho
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Anthony P Albert
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
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Peixoto-Neves D, Wang Q, Leal-Cardoso JH, Rossoni LV, Jaggar JH. Eugenol dilates mesenteric arteries and reduces systemic BP by activating endothelial cell TRPV4 channels. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3484-94. [PMID: 25832173 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Eugenol, a vanilloid molecule found in some dietary plants, relaxes vasculature in part via an endothelium-dependent process; however, the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here, we investigated the endothelial cell-mediated mechanism by which eugenol modulates rat mesenteric artery contractility and systemic BP. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The isometric tension of rat mesenteric arteries (size 200-300 μm) was measured using wire myography; non-selective cation currents (ICat ) were recorded in endothelial cells using patch clamp electrophysiology. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were determined in anaesthetized rats. KEY RESULTS Eugenol relaxed endothelium-intact arteries in a concentration-dependent manner and this effect was attenuated by endothelium denudation. L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor, a combination of TRAM-34 and apamin, selective blockers of intermediate and small conductance Ca(2+) -activated K(+) channels, respectively, and HC-067047, a TRPV4 channel inhibitor, but not indomethacin, a COX inhibitor, reduced eugenol-induced relaxation in endothelium-intact arteries. Eugenol activated HC-067047-sensitive ICat in mesenteric artery endothelial cells. Short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated TRPV4 knockdown abolished eugenol-induced ICat activation. An i.v. injection of eugenol caused an immediate, transient reduction in both MAP and HR, which was followed by prolonged, sustained hypotension in anaesthetized rats. This sustained hypotension was blocked by HC-067047. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Eugenol activates TRPV4 channels in mesenteric artery endothelial cells, leading to vasorelaxation, and reduces systemic BP in vivo. Eugenol may be therapeutically useful as an antihypertensive agent and is a viable molecular candidate from which to develop second-generation TRPV4 channel activators that reduce BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieniffer Peixoto-Neves
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jose H Leal-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luciana V Rossoni
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vascular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonathan H Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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11
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Role of T-type channels in vasomotor function: team player or chameleon? Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:767-79. [PMID: 24482062 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Low-voltage-activated T-type calcium channels play an important role in regulating cellular excitability and are implicated in conditions, such as epilepsy and neuropathic pain. T-type channels, especially Cav3.1 and Cav3.2, are also expressed in the vasculature, although patch clamp studies of isolated vascular smooth muscle cells have in general failed to demonstrate these low-voltage-activated calcium currents. By contrast, the channels which are blocked by T-type channel antagonists are high-voltage activated but distinguishable from their L-type counterparts by their T-type biophysical properties and small negative shifts in activation and inactivation voltages. These changes in T-channel properties may result from vascular-specific expression of splice variants of Cav3 genes, particularly in exon 25/26 of the III-IV linker region. Recent physiological studies suggest that T-type channels make a small contribution to vascular tone at low intraluminal pressures, although the relevance of this contribution is unclear. By contrast, these channels play a larger role in vascular tone of small arterioles, which would be expected to function at lower intra-vascular pressures. Upregulation of T-type channel function following decrease in nitric oxide bioavailability and increase in oxidative stress, which occurs during cardiovascular disease, suggests that a more important role could be played by these channels in pathophysiological situations. The ability of T-type channels to be rapidly recruited to the plasma membrane, coupled with their subtype-specific localisation in signalling microdomains where they could modulate the function of calcium-dependent ion channels and pathways, provides a mechanism for rapid up- and downregulation of vasoconstriction. Future investigation into the molecules which govern these changes may illuminate novel targets for the treatment of conditions such as therapy-resistant hypertension and vasospasm.
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12
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Senadheera S, Bertrand PP, Grayson TH, Leader L, Tare M, Murphy TV, Sandow SL. Enhanced contractility in pregnancy is associated with augmented TRPC3, L-type, and T-type voltage-dependent calcium channel function in rat uterine radial artery. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R917-26. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00225.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In pregnancy, α-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction is augmented in uterine radial arteries and is accompanied by underlying changes in smooth muscle (SM) Ca2+ activity. This study aims to determine the Ca2+ entry channels associated with altered vasoconstriction in pregnancy, with the hypothesis that augmented vasoconstriction involves transient receptor potential canonical type-3 (TRPC3) and L- and T-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Immunohistochemistry showed TRPC3, L-type Cav1.2 (as the α1C subunit), T-type Cav3.1 (α1G), and Cav3.2 (α1H) localization to the uterine radial artery SM. Fluorescence intensity of TRPC3, Cav1.2, and Cav3.2 was increased, and Cav3.1 decreased in radial artery SM from pregnant rats. Western blot analysis confirmed increased TRPC3 protein expression in the radial artery from pregnant rats. Pressure myography incorporating pharmacological intervention to examine the role of these channels in uterine radial arteries showed an attenuation of phenylephrine (PE)-induced constriction with Pyr3 {1-[4-[(2,3,3-trichloro-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]phenyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid}-mediated TRPC3 inhibition or with nifedipine-mediated L-type channel block alone in vessels from pregnant rats; both effects of which were diminished in radial arteries from nonpregnant rats. Combined TRPC3 and L-type inhibition attenuated PE-induced constriction in radial arteries, and the residual vasoconstriction was reduced and abolished with T-type channel block with NNC 55-0396 in arteries from nonpregnant and pregnant rats, respectively. With SM Ca2+ stores depleted and in the presence of PE, nifedipine, and NNC 55-0396, blockade of TRPC3 reversed PE-induced constriction. These data suggest that TRPC3 channels act synergistically with L- and T-type channels to modulate radial artery vasoconstriction, with the mechanism being augmented in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevvandi Senadheera
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul P. Bertrand
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - T. Hilton Grayson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leo Leader
- Leo Leader, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marianne Tare
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Timothy V. Murphy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shaun L. Sandow
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydoore, Australia
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Demirci AY, Seckin H, Besalti O, Arikok AT, Yigitkanli T, Caliskan M, Yigitkanli K, Bavbek M. Study the effects of zonisamide on fine structure of rabbit basilar artery and hippocampus in rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage model. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2013; 155:1531-7. [PMID: 23636337 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-013-1726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the effect of a novel antiepileptic drug, zonisamide (ZNS), on the basilar artery and hippocampus in a rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model. METHODS Three groups of New Zealand white rabbits were used: a sham (non-SAH) group, an SAH + saline group, and SAH + drug treatment group that received ZNS. In the treatment group, the subjects were given ZNS for 3 days after the SAH. Hippocampal sections were evaluated for neural tissue degeneration. Basilar artery lumen areas and arterial wall thickness were also measured in all groups. RESULTS The mean luminal area of the SAH + ZNS was significantly greater than the SAH + saline group. In addition, the arterial wall thickness of SAH + ZNS group was significantly thinner than the SAH + saline group. The neuronal degeneration scores of the hippocampal CA1 regions in the SAH + ZNS group were significantly lower than the SAH + saline treatment animals. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ZNS has a vasodilatatory effect on the basilar artery and a neuronal protective effect in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in a rabbit SAH model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Yalcin Demirci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Howitt L, Kuo IY, Ellis A, Chaston DJ, Shin HS, Hansen PB, Hill CE. Chronic deficit in nitric oxide elicits oxidative stress and augments T-type calcium-channel contribution to vascular tone of rodent arteries and arterioles. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 98:449-57. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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15
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Abstract
In the renal vasculature of humans, rats, and mice, at least four isoforms of Cx, Cxs 37, 40, 43, and 45 are expressed. In the ECs, Cx40 is the predominantly expressed Cx, whereas Cx45 is suggested to be expressed in the VSMCs. The preglomerular vasculature has a higher expression of Cxs than the postglomerular vasculature. Cxs form gap junctions between neighboring cells, and as in other organ systems, the major function of Cxs in the kidney appears to be mediation of intercellular communication. Cxs may also form hemichannels that allow cellular secretion of signaling molecules like ATP, and thereby mediate paracrine signaling. Renal Cxs facilitate vascular conduction, juxtaglomerlar apparatus calcium signaling, and enable ECs and VSMCs to communicate. Thus, current research suggests multiple roles for Cxs in important regulatory mechanisms within the kidney, including the renin-angiotensin system, TGF, and salt and water homeostasis. Interestingly, changes in the activity of the renin-angiotensin system or changes in blood pressure seem to affect the expression of the renal vascular Cxs. At the systemic level, renal Cxs may be involved in blood pressure regulation, and possibly in the pathogenesis of hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mehlin Sorensen
- Division of Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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McNeish AJ, Jimenez-Altayo F, Cottrell GS, Garland CJ. Statins and selective inhibition of Rho kinase protect small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel function (K(Ca)2.3) in cerebral arteries. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46735. [PMID: 23056429 PMCID: PMC3466297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rat middle cerebral and mesenteric arteries the K(Ca)2.3 component of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) is lost following stimulation of thromboxane (TP) receptors, an effect that may contribute to the endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular disease. In cerebral arteries, K(Ca)2.3 loss is associated with NO synthase inhibition, but is restored if TP receptors are blocked. The Rho/Rho kinase pathway is central for TP signalling and statins indirectly inhibit this pathway. The possibility that Rho kinase inhibition and statins sustain K(Ca)2.3 hyperpolarization was investigated in rat middle cerebral arteries (MCA). METHODS MCAs were mounted in a wire myograph. The PAR2 agonist, SLIGRL was used to stimulate EDH responses, assessed by simultaneous measurement of smooth muscle membrane potential and tension. TP expression was assessed with rt-PCR and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Immunofluorescence detected TP in the endothelial cell layer of MCA. Vasoconstriction to the TP agonist, U46619 was reduced by Rho kinase inhibition. TP receptor stimulation lead to loss of K(Ca)2.3 mediated hyperpolarization, an effect that was reversed by Rho kinase inhibitors or simvastatin. K(Ca)2.3 activity was lost in L-NAME-treated arteries, but was restored by Rho kinase inhibition or statin treatment. The restorative effect of simvastatin was blocked after incubation with geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate to circumvent loss of isoprenylation. CONCLUSIONS Rho/Rho kinase signalling following TP stimulation and L-NAME regulates endothelial cell K(Ca)2.3 function. The ability of statins to prevent isoprenylation and perhaps inhibit of Rho restores/protects the input of K(Ca)2.3 to EDH in the MCA, and represents a beneficial pleiotropic effect of statin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alister J McNeish
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom.
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17
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Fransen P, Van Hove CE, van Langen J, Schrijvers DM, Martinet W, De Meyer GRY, Bult H. Contribution of transient and sustained calcium influx, and sensitization to depolarization-induced contractions of the intact mouse aorta. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 12:9. [PMID: 22943445 PMCID: PMC3499395 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-12-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Electrophysiological studies of L-type Ca2+ channels in isolated vascular smooth muscle cells revealed that depolarization of these cells evoked a transient and a time-independent Ca2+ current. The sustained, non-inactivating current occurred at voltages where voltage-dependent activation and inactivation overlapped (voltage window) and its contribution to basal tone or active tension in larger multicellular blood vessel preparations is unknown at present. This study investigated whether window Ca2+ influx affects isometric contraction of multicellular C57Bl6 mouse aortic segments. Results Intracellular Ca2+ (Cai2+, Fura-2), membrane potential and isometric force were measured in aortic segments, which were clamped at fixed membrane potentials by increasing extracellular K+ concentrations. K+ above 20 mM evoked biphasic contractions, which were not affected by inhibition of IP3- or Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate or ryanodine, respectively, ruling out the contribution of intracellular Ca2+ release. The fast force component paralleled Cai2+ increase, but the slow contraction coincided with Cai2+ decrease. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, basal tension and Cai2+ declined, and depolarization failed to evoke Cai2+ signals or contraction. Subsequent re-introduction of external Ca2+ elicited only slow contractions, which were now matched by Cai2+ increase. After Cai2+ attained steady-state, isometric force kept increasing due to Ca2+- sensitization of the contractile elements. The slow force responses displayed a bell-shaped voltage-dependence, were suppressed by hyperpolarization with levcromakalim, and enhanced by an agonist of L-type Ca2+ channels (BAY K8644). Conclusion The isometric response of mouse aortic segments to depolarization consists of a fast, transient contraction paralleled by a transient Ca2+ influx via Ca2+ channels which completely inactivate. Ca2+ channels, which did not completely inactivate during the depolarization, initiated a second, sustained phase of contraction, which was matched by a sustained non-inactivating window Ca2+ influx. Together with sensitization, this window L-type Ca2+ influx is a major determinant of basal and active tension of mouse aortic smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fransen
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 Building T, 2.18, Wilrijk B-2610, Belgium.
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Hashimoto T, Kiya M, Ohata H, Miyazaki T, Shibata K, Nobe K, Honda K. Spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular calcium in the middle cerebral artery isolated from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Exp Physiol 2011; 97:265-76. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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The promise of inhibition of smooth muscle tone as a treatment for erectile dysfunction: where are we now? Int J Impot Res 2011; 24:49-60. [PMID: 21975566 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2011.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ten years ago, the inhibition of Rho kinase by intracavernosal injection of Y-27632 was found to induce an erectile response. This effect did not require activation of nitric oxide-mediated signaling, introducing a novel target pathway for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), with potential added benefit in cases where nitric oxide bioavailability is attenuated (and thus phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are less efficacious). Rho-kinase antagonists are currently being developed and tested for a wide range of potential uses. The inhibition of this calcium-sensitizing pathway results in blood vessel relaxation. It is also possible that blockade of additional smooth muscle contractile signaling mechanisms may have the same effect. In this review, we conducted an extensive search of pertinent literature using PUBMED. We have outlined the various pathways involved in the maintenance of penile smooth muscle tone and discussed the current potential benefit for the pharmacological inhibition of these targets for the treatment of ED.
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Uchida Y, Maezawa Y, Maezawa Y, Uchida Y, Nakamura F. Role of calcium-activated potassium channels in the genesis of 3,4-diaminopyridine-induced periodic contractions in isolated canine coronary artery smooth muscles. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 338:974-83. [PMID: 21680887 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.180687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP), a voltage-gated potassium channel (K(V)) inhibitor, elicits pH-sensitive periodic contractions (PCs) of coronary smooth muscles. Underlying mechanisms of PCs, however, remained to be elucidated. The present study was performed to examine the roles of ion channels in the genesis of PCs. To determine the electromechanical changes of smooth muscles, isolated coronary arterial rings from beagles were suspended in organ chambers filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution, and 10(-2) M 3,4-DAP was added to elicit PCs. 3,4-DAP caused periodic spike-and-plateau depolarization accompanied by contraction. PCs were not produced when the CaCl(2) concentration in the chamber was ≤ 0.3 × 10(-3) or ≥ 10(-2) M. PCs were eliminated by a CaCl(2) concentration ≥ 5 × 10(-3) M or by lowering pH below 7.20 with HCl and recovered by the addition of iberiotoxin or charybdotoxin, which inhibit large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (K(Ca)), or by elevating pH above 7.35 with NaOH. PCs, as well as the spike-and-plateau depolarization, were eliminated by nifedipine, which inhibits L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca(V)). Influx of Ca(2+) through L-type Ca(V), which was opened because closing of K(Ca), secondary to 3,4-DAP-induced closing of K(V), resulted in contraction; the intracellular Ca(2+) increased by this influx opened K(Ca), leading to closure of Ca(V) and consequent cessation of Ca(2+) influx with resultant relaxation. These processes were repeated spontaneously to cause PCs. H(+) and OH(-) were considered to act as the opener and closer of K(Ca), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumi Uchida
- Japan Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Funabashi, Japan.
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